UNIT 4 Section II Reading and Thinking-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

该高中英语课件围绕“自然灾害”主题，以联合国减灾战略引言导入，通过“语篇研析·文本精读”分Part 1（地震发生）、Part 2（地震影响）、Part 3（地震复兴）搭建学习支架，帮助学生梳理语篇结构与逻辑脉络。 其亮点在于融合语篇精读、疑难点拨与分层练习，通过文本分段分析培养思维品质，小英老师多义词讲解提升语言能力，课后分层练巩固学习能力。实例包括精读部分的语篇逻辑梳理，学生能提升语篇理解与语言运用，教师可借助系统资源提高教学效率。

Live to Tell : Raising Awareness, Reducing Mortality. —United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (2016) 用生命呼吁： 增强减灾意识，减少人员伤亡。 ——联合国国际减灾战略 NATURAL DISASTERS 主题语境：人与自然——自然灾害 UNIT 4 更多模板请关注：https://haosc.taobao.com 1 课后分层练 13 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking fall down get trapped, injured, dead in ruins Step One　Lead­in 1．Brainstorm some words of natural disasters. 2．If an earthquake occurs, what will happen? ·Buildings will ． ·People will badly or even ． ·The earthquake­stricken area will be ． Tornado, tsunami, earthquake, wildfire, flood, drought, volcanic eruption, snowslide... during damage after Step Two　Read for the main idea 1．Read the text and fill in the blanks. before sings 2．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．A terrible earthquake happened in Tangshan. B．The damages caused by the earthquake in Tangshan. C．People suffered from the earthquake in Tangshan. D．The history of the development of Tangshan. 答案：A √ Step Three　Read for details Ⅰ.Read Para.1 and answer the questions. 1．How did people react to those warning signs? People as usual that night. 2．How did people feel before the earthquake? A．Excited. B．Ignorant. C．Worried. D．Frightened. 答案：B were asleep √ 1 2/3 400，000 75% 90% Ⅱ.Read Paras.2－3 and fill in number values. ① of the nation felt the earthquake. ②A huge crack, kilometers long and metres wide, cut across houses, roads and waterways. ③In less than minute, a large city lay in ruins. ④ of the people who lived there were dead or injured. ⑤The number of people who were killed or badly injured in quake was more than ． ⑥About of the city's factories and buildings, of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. 1/3 8 30 provide shelters support efforts Ⅲ.Read Paras.4－5 and finish the following exercises. 1．Fill in the blanks The army sent soldiers to ① those who were ② and to ③ the dead Doctors and nurses came to ④ medical care Workers built ⑤ for survivors whose homes had been destroyed Government with strong ⑥ from the government and the tireless ⑦ of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built dig out trapped bury 2.What's the meaning of the last sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.” in Para.4? A．People weren't sad any more. B．The life in Tangshan began to return to normal. C．The earthquake finally came to an end. D．Those who were trapped were saved. 答案：B √ Step Four　Consolidation Discuss the following question with your partners and present your answer to the class. Suppose you were a survivor of the Tangshan earthquake in 1976, would you please share your experience with us? Your presentation： I remembered there were strange things happening in our city before the quake, but no one paid much attention to it.It was terrible when the earthquake happened.I felt shocked, because everything was shaking and in ruins in one minute.It seemed as if the world came into an end.Luckily, people from all over the country came to our rescue. THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP Strange things were happening in the countryside① of northeastern Hebei.For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.There were deep cracks②[1]that appeared in the well walls．At least③ one well had some smelly gas [2]coming out of it．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to④ eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of⑤ the fields [3]looking for places ①in the countryside在农村 ②crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.（使）破裂 ③at (the) least至少 at (the) most至多，不超过 ④too...to...太……而不能…… ⑤run out of从……跑出来；用光 ⑥as usual像往常一样 than usual...比往常…… to hide, and fish jumped out of the water.At about 3：00 a．m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.But the city's one million people were asleep as usual⑥ that night. [1]此处是由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰cracks。that在从句中作主语，不能省略。 [2]此处是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰gas。 [3]此处是现在分词短语作伴随状语。 ⑦as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 ⑧come to an end结束 ⑨deadly adj.致命的；死一般的 ⑩cause damage造成损失/损害 cause/do damage to... 对……造成损害 ⑪cut across横穿；抄近路穿过 ⑫waterway n．水路；航道 ⑬less than少于 more than多于；不仅仅是；非常 At 3：42 a．m., everything began to shake. It seemed [4]as if⑦ the world were coming to an end⑧！ Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly⑨ earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage⑩ more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it！A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across⑪ houses, roads, and waterways⑫. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than⑬ one minute, a large city lay in ruins⑭. ⑭ruin n．&vt.破坏；毁坏 in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 ⑮thousands of 成千上万的 hundreds of thousands of 数十万的 ⑯“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构 ⑰the number of...……的数量 ⑱badly adv.非常；极度地 ⑲survivor n．幸存者；生还者 ⑳nothing but只有，只，仅仅 Two thirds of the people [5]who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of⑮ children were left without parents⑯. The number of⑰ people [6]who were killed or badly⑱ injured in the quake was more than 400，000. [4]此处是as if引导的表语从句，从句中系动词be用were表示虚拟语气。 [5]who lived there和[6]who were killed or badly injured in the quake都是由关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰people, who在从句中作主语。 ㉑percent n．百分之……adj.& adv. 每一百中 ㉒gone adj.不复存在的；一去不复返的 ㉓brick n．砖；砖块 ㉔blow away刮走；吹走 ㉕track n．轨道；跑道 keep track of了解；与……保持联系； 跟上……的进展；掌握……的最新消息 [7]Everywhere survivors⑲ looked, there was nothing but⑳ ruins.Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.About 75 percent㉑ of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone㉒.Bricks㉓ covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away㉔.Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross.The railway tracks㉕ were now useless pieces of metal㉖.Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of water. ㉖metal n．金属 ㉗shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事； 休克vt.（使）震惊 in shock震惊；吃惊 ㉘electricity n．电；电能 ㉙dig out挖出 ㉚trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱 ㉛bury vt.埋葬；安葬 People were in shock㉗—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.Even more buildings fell down.Water, food, and electricity㉘ were hard to get.[8]People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. [7]此处是由从属连词everywhere引导的地点状语从句。 [8]此句是how long引导的宾语从句，作wonder的宾语。单个的how引导宾语从句时，表示方式；由how结合形容词或副词引导宾语从句时，how表示程度。 ㉜the dead死者；逝者 （“the＋adj.”可表示一类人） ㉝medical care医疗护理 ㉞breathe vi.& vt.呼吸 ㉟revive vt.& vi.复活；（使）苏醒 revival n．振兴；复苏 ㊱on one's feet （困境后）恢复； 站立着 But hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out㉙ those who were trapped㉚ and to bury㉛ the dead㉜.More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care㉝.Workers built shelters for survivors [9]whose homes had been destroyed．Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane.Slowly, the city began to breathe㉞again. [9]此处是由关系代词whose引导的定语从句，修饰survivors。whose在从句中作定语修饰homes。 ㊲ support n. 支持 ㊳effort n．努力； 艰难的尝试；尽力 ㊴in times of在……时期 ㊵unify vt.统一； （使）成一体 Tangshan started to revive㉟ itself and get back up on its feet㊱.With strong support㊲ from the government and the tireless efforts㊳ of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment.Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world [10]that in times of㊴ disaster, people must unify㊵ and show the wisdom㊶ to stay positive㊷ and rebuild for a brighter future． [10]此处是that引导的宾语从句，作has proved的宾语。 ㊶wisdom n．智慧；才智 ㊷positive adj.积极的； 肯定的 stay positive 保持乐观 地球的不眠之夜 河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼亮光，伴有巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡。 凌晨3：42，一切都开始摇晃。仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市的正下方11千米处，称得上20世纪伤亡最严重的一场地震发生了，这场地震甚至对150多千米外的北京造成了破坏。全国几乎三分之一的地区均有震感！一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中非死即伤。成千上万的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。 幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。城市里的一切几乎都被摧毁了。市内大约75%的工厂和大楼、90%的住房和所有的医院都荡然无存了。砖块就像秋天的红叶一样覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁不是坍塌了，就是无法安全通行了；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊恐万分——接着，在那天下午的晚些时候，强烈的地震又一次撼动唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了。没有水和食物，电也停了。人们心里开始疑惑这场灾难还会持续多久。 但是希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵前往唐山，搜救被困人员并埋葬遇难者。上万名医生和护士赶来提供医疗护理。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。数十万的人获得了帮助。水和食物通过火车、卡车和飞机被运到了这座城市。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。 唐山重新复苏起来并获得了新生。在政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山已经向中国、向世界证明，在灾难来临之际，人类必须团结一致，展现保持乐观的智慧，重建更光明的未来。 fitness n．健康；健壮；适合（联想：fit adj.健康的；适合的） 【教材原句】　What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood­hit area? 洪水受灾区的营救工人和士兵在做什么？ 【要点归纳】 (1)a flood of... 一大批…… (2)flood in/into 大量涌入…… flood out of 蜂拥而出 (3)表“情感”的名词＋flood over sb 某人深感…… (4)be flooded with 充满/挤满…… 【佳句必背】　She thought about Jim, memories flooding out as she closed her eyes.（读后续写之心理描写）闭上眼睛，她想起了吉姆，回忆如潮水般涌上心头。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①We have received flood of emails from the audience telling us how your lecture has helped them. ②When she heard the sad news, her eyes (flood) with tears. a were flooded 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③（读后续写之恐惧心理描写）一阵焦虑向她席卷而来，但她强迫自己冷静地离开了房间。 A wave of anxiety but she forced herself to leave the room calmly. flooded over her, rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 【教材原句】　What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood­hit area? 救援人员和士兵在洪灾区的行动有哪些？ 【要点归纳】 (1)come to one's rescue＝rescue sb 救援某人 rescue workers 救援人员 (2)rescue...from... 把……从……营救出来 【佳句必背】　To save ourselves, we created a large SOS using tree branches and were finally rescued by helicopter.（读后续写之历险经历）为了自救，我们用树枝做了一个巨大的求救信号，最后被直升机救了出来。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Right after he was rescued by the soldiers the ruins, he saluted（敬礼） and smiled to them. ②The young woman expressed her gratitude to the worker for coming her rescue. from to 【写成佳句】　词汇升级 ③When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers saved us. →When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers ． rescued us/came to our rescue shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避（风雨或危险） 【要点归纳】 (1)take shelter from... 躲避…… under the shelter of... 在……的庇护下 a shelter for... ……的庇护所 (2)shelter...from... 保护……不受…… 【佳句必背】　During a hurricane, you'd better stay in the shelter, away from windows, and pay attention to weather warning timely.（应用文之告知信）飓风来袭时，你最好待在避风处，远离窗户，及时关注天气预警。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①He was carrying a black umbrella in his left hand, sheltering himself the rain. ②Since the beggar refused to leave, she and Der Lun built a little shelter him. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③又累又饿，我们在一棵大树的遮蔽处休息了一下。 Tired and hungry, we had a rest a big tree. from for under the shelter of ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏 【教材原句】　In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. 在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。 【要点归纳】 (1)be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭 (2)ruin one's hope/health/plan 使某人的希望破灭/损害某人的健康/破坏某人的计划 【佳句必背】　 I think this rule is necessary, because some students may form a bad habit, which will ruin their future. 我认为这一规定是必要的，因为一些学生可能会养成坏习惯，这将毁了他们的未来。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①He returned home only to find that his house (ruin) by the flood. ②Many houses and roads were ruins, leaving a great many citizens homeless. had been ruined in 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③“我们毁了你的生日，”珍妮含着泪水说。 “We ，” said Jenny with tears in her eyes. ④（应用文之安慰信）我们很遗憾地听说一场严重的台风袭击了你的家乡，把你的房子变成了废墟。 We're so sorry to hear that a serious typhoon hit your hometown, leaving your house ． have ruined your birthday in ruins shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊（联想：shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的shocking adj.令人震惊的） 【教材原句】　People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. 人们惊恐万分——接着，在那天下午的晚些时候，强烈的地震又一次撼动唐山。 【要点归纳】 (1)a great shock to sb 对某人来说极为震惊 in shock 震惊；吃惊 to one's shock 令某人震惊的是 (2)be shocked at/by 对……吃惊 【佳句必背】　Shocked, Mom threw her arms around her daughter, saying, “Baby, I am so sorry! I promise this mistake will not be repeated.” 妈妈震惊地抱住女儿说：“宝贝，我很抱歉！我保证不会再犯这样的错误。” 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①She was even more (shock) when Kathy gave her a big hug, saying, “Many thanks.” ②One day I met Anna in the market, my former classmate, who told me (shock) news. ③I received a painful call saying that Juli had just passed away, which came as a shock me. shocked shocking to 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④老人看了儿子一会儿，震惊得说不出话来。 The old man looked at his son for a moment, ． ⑤（读后续写之心理描写）令他吃惊的是，他们摘下帽子，都把头发剃得干干净净。 they took off their hats, and their heads were all shaved clean. too shocked to speak To his shock, bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心 【教材原句】　Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵前往唐山，搜救被困人员并埋葬遇难者。 【要点归纳】 (1)be buried under/in... 被埋在…… bury one's face/head in one's hands 双手掩面/抱头 (2)bury oneself in/be buried in 埋头于/专心于 【佳句必背】　I hope that everyone will do some sports in their spare time rather than just stay at home or bury themselves in their work.（话题写作之运动） 我希望每个人在业余时间都能做些运动，而不仅仅是待在家里或埋头工作。 【写成佳句】　完成句子/一句多译 ①（读后续写之情绪描写）我再也无法控制自己的情绪，我双手抱头，悲伤的泪水浮过我的脸颊。 No longer able to contain my emotion, I and let tears of sadness wash over my face. buried my head in my hands ②玛丽埋头于她的毕业论文，没有时间做兼职工作。 →Because she Mary had no time to do a part­time job. → Mary had no time to do a part­time job.（过去分词作状语） → Mary had no time to do a part­time job.（现在分词作状语） was buried in her graduation paper, Buried in her graduation paper, Burying herself in her graduation paper, effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 【教材原句】　With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.在政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。 【要点归纳】 with effort 费力地；努力地 make an effort to do sth 努力做某事 spare no effort (to do sth) 不遗余力（做某事） 【佳句必背】　No matter what small effort we make, it does make a difference.（应用文之倡议书）无论我们付出的努力多么微小，它确实都会产生影响。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Though Senior Three is tough, I will make an effort (achieve) my dream. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ②在我们的共同努力下，我相信我们一定会让世界变得更美好。 I believe that we are sure to make the world a better place. ③政府决定不遗余力地为无家可归者修建收容所。 The government is determined to homeless people. to achieve With our joint effort, spare no effort to build shelters for suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦（联想：suffering n．苦难，痛苦　sufferer n．受难者） 【教材原句】　What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need? 你认为地震遇难的人需要哪种帮助？ 【要点归纳】 suffer from... 患……病；因……而受苦 suffer from pain/damage/loss/failure 遭受痛苦/破坏/损失/失败 【佳句必背】　The long­term use of computers causes many students to suffer loss of memory, whose interest in studying also drops greatly.长期使用电脑导致许多学生记忆力减退，学习兴趣也大大下降。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①It is known that there are still many people (suffer) from hunger in many countries. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ②（应用文之倡议书）许多年轻人正遭受超重的困扰，攀岩对他们来说是一种很好的减肥和增强体力的方式。 Many young people and rock­climbing is good for them to lose weight and get stronger. suffering are suffering from overweight too...to...太……而不能…… 【教材原句】　Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。 【要点归纳】 (1)too＋adj./adv.(＋for sb)＋to do sth 表示否定的意义，意为“太……而不能……”。 (2)当“too...to...”结构用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词，如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，表示肯定意义，意为“非常”。 (3)“too...to...”结构和never，not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也不过分；越……越好”。 too grand to miss 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①The teacher asked us to pair up for a basketball practice, but I was too shy (make) the first move. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ②正如谚语所说，“活到老，学到老。” As the old saying goes，“ ．” ③（话题写作之传统文化）我非常高兴地得知您对长城感兴趣。长城太宏伟(grand)了，不容错过。 I am that you are keen on the Great Wall.The Great Wall is ． to make It's never too late to learn too pleased to learn as if/though 引导的表语从句和方式状语从句 【教材原句】　It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 【要点归纳】 (1)若as if/though所引导的从句陈述的是事实，从句用陈述语气； (2)若as if/though所引导的从句陈述的事并不存在或极少可能发生，从句用虚拟语气，具体情况如下： ①与现在事实相反时，从句使用一般过去时（出现系动词be时，选用were）； ②与过去事实相反，从句使用过去完成时； ③与将来事实相反，从句使用would/could/might＋do。 【佳句必背】　Every time I listen to music, it feels as if a picture of a river is spreading before me.每当我听音乐时，就好像一幅河流的画面在我面前展开。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①People were moving around me as if nothing (happen). ②He was so anxious that he felt as if he (be) on pins and needles. had happened were 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③（应用文之推荐信）你好像对中国文化很感兴趣，因此我建议你申请北京大学，它是中国最好的大学之一。 It seems ，so I recommend you to apply to Peking University，one of the best universities in China. ④（读后续写之悲伤心理描写）他非常沮丧，似乎已被扔进了悲伤的海洋。 He was quite upset and it seemed ． as if you are interested in Chinese culture as if he had been thrown into an ocean of sadness vi.躲避 vi.涌入 1．affect eq \x(A.影响　　B．传染　　C．打动) ①We had a better idea about how many people were affected by the disease.　 　 ②（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷）AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.　 　 ③We were all deeply affected by the moving story.　 　 2．写出句中加黑单词的词性及汉语意思 ①（2024·浙江1月卷）I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. ②（2023·全国甲卷）Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. B C A Ⅰ.单词拼写 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 Ⅲ.完成句子 Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Ⅱ.完形填空 floods gases Ⅰ.单词拼写（每小题1分，共8分） 1．Five （百分比） of the students in our school are against the rule. 2．We should make it a habit to save （电） and practice it in our daily life. 3．As we all know, over the past years, （洪水）， earthquakes and wildfires have happened frequently. 4．Greenhouse （气体） will be given out less and our earth will also be better to live on. percent electricity eruptions 5．They needed to find all the materials they need, including woods, （砖块）， nails and so on. 6．Some words can have different meanings in different （语境）. 7．In recent years there have been many natural （灾害） caused by human activities. 8．Volcanic （爆发） are much common on these islands. bricks contexts disasters shocked Ⅱ.单句语法填空（每小题1分，共8分） 1．Their father had a near­death accident which caused severe damage his right hand. 2．The words of (wise) in the book, such as “One sees clearly only with the heart”， touched me deeply. 3．I sat down, (bury) my head in my hands, tears rolling down my face. 4．They were both (shock) to see the whole house was on fire. to wisdom burying were trapped 5．Nearly everything in the city (destroy) by the terrible disaster last week. 6．When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in (ruin). 7．I like to live in the countryside where the air is good (breathe). 8．What made me terrified was that my feet (trap) by some weed and I could not swim anymore. was destroyed ruins to breathe Ⅲ.完成句子（每小题2分，共10分） 1．我很抱歉知道你这些天身体不好。 I am really sorry to know that you are these days. 2．如果我成为一名志愿者，我会不遗余力地提供最好的服务。 If I were to become one of the volunteers, I would ． 3．这道考题太难了，让人无法理解。事实上没有人解答出来。 This exam question ．Actually nobody worked it out. suffering from poor health spare no effort to offer my best service was too difficult to understand 4．这里的世界是如此的安静，仿佛时间已经停止了。 The world here was so quiet as if ． 5．幸运的是，一些登山者来救我，并把我送到附近的医院。 Fortunately, some climbers and sent me to the hospital nearby. time had stopped came to my rescue in was to get Ⅳ.课文语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） Several days before July 28, 1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan.The water in the village wells rose and fell.Deep cracks appeared in the well walls, and even 1 (smell) gas was coming out of at least one well.Some animals also had some unusual behaviour.But people in the city, 2 were asleep as usual that night, didn't think much of those. At 3：42 a．m., one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century broke out.It 3 (destroy) the city and even caused damage in Beijing.In less than one minute, Tangshan lay 4 ruins.The number of people who were killed or terribly injured in the quake 5 (be) more than 400，000.Later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.More buildings fell down.Water, food, and electricity were hard 6 (get). smelly who destroyed wisdom But not all hope was lost.Soon after the quakes, teams were organised to dig out the 7 (trap) and bury the dead.Many more people, 8 (include) workers and doctors, came to their aid.Through all the efforts, the city began to breathe again. Today, a new Tangshan has been built upon the earthquake ruins, which has proved 9 the entire world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the 10 (wise) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. trapped including to Ⅰ.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共17.5分） A （2025·广州高一检测） Four of the World's Disasters The following four disasters destroyed cities around the world by flood, typhoon, or earthquake.These events have totally taken millions of human lives. Yangtze River Flood The major flood of 1931 covered tens of thousands of square miles, flooding rice fields and many cities, including Nanjing and Wuhan.The flood affected more than 50 million people.Government organizations estimated （估计） that about 3.7 million people died in this disaster. Typhoon Nina Typhoon Nina struck Henan Province of China in August 1975.The typhoon caused a serious dam （水坝） failure, and more than 300，000 people were dead or injured.The number of people affected by the disaster was more than 10，000，000. Kashmir Earthquake On October 8, 2005, a disastrous earthquake struck the Kashmir.The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.6, followed by many aftershocks and landslides.The damage and the number of deaths worsened because of the poor buildings in the affected areas.At least 79，000 people were killed. Haitian Earthquake At the beginning of 2010, an earthquake hit Haiti.The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.0 and was followed by aftershocks that registered magnitudes of 5.9 and 5.5.There has been debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake, but estimates suggest that about 200，000－300，000 people died.Hundreds of thousands more became homeless. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章列举了世界上四个重大的自然灾害——长江洪水、台风莲娜、克什米尔地震和海地地震，对每个灾害的发生时间、地点、影响范围和造成的伤亡人数等进行了描述。 1．Which disaster caused the most deaths? A．Yangtze River Flood. B．Typhoon Nina. C．Kashmir Earthquake. D．Haitian Earthquake. √ 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据文章Yangtze River Flood部分中的“Government organizations estimated （估计） that about 3.7 million people died in this disaster.”、Typhoon Nina部分中的“and more than 300, 000 people were dead or injured”、Kashmir Earthquake部分中的“At least 79，000 people were killed.”以及Haitian Earthquake部分中的“but estimates suggest that about 200，000－300，000 people died”可知，长江洪水造成的死亡人数最多。故选A。 2．What made the situation in Kashmir more serious? A．The serious aftershocks. B．The diseases after earthquake. C．The continuous falling rocks. D．The low building quality. √ 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据文章Kashmir Earthquake部分中的“The damage and the number of deaths worsened because of the poor buildings in the affected areas.”可知，是当地建筑质量差导致克什米尔地震后的情况更加严重。故选D。 3．What can we learn about the earthquake that hit Haiti? A．It had caused other disasters. B．It happened in the hottest season. C．It had a debatable death count. D．It happened only once. √ 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章Haitian Earthquake部分中的“There has been debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake, but estimates suggest that about 200，000－300，000 people died.”可知，海地地震的死亡人数是有争议的。故选C。 B （2025·重庆高一检测）Scientists say they've discovered an earthquake­like event that can happen during a hurricane or other storms.Researchers called it a “stormquake” after studying events caused by earthquakes on the sea floor during such storms. Strong energy from hurricanes and serious storms can create very large waves in the ocean.“These waves then interact in some places with solid earth under the sea to cause intense seismic （地震的） source activity，” said the leader researcher Fan, a professor at Florida State University, “The exciting part is that seismic sources caused by hurricanes can last for hours or even days.” The researchers found evidence （证据） of more than 10，000 stormquakes in coastal areas of the U．S.and Canada, which have happened around sea floors containing flat land and at lower depths.But it was not known until recently that such events even existed.This is mainly because scientists studying earthquakes have generally considered ocean­caused seismic waves as “background noise”． The research found major U．S.hurricanes had produced a lot of stormquakes.One example was Hurricane Bill in 2009 in the Atlantic Ocean, causing about 300 stormquakes as it moved north.But no such activity was recorded in areas along the U．S.East Coast.The team noted that even Hurricane Sandy, one of the most costly storms in U．S.history, did not cause a single stormquake.Fan says this suggests that stormquakes are strongly influenced by the physical shape of the seafloor's surface and seafloor conditions. Fan added that there are still “lots of unknowns” about stormquakes.But he said discovering them “suggests we are reaching a new level of understanding seismic waves”．He hopes the discovery will lead to improved study methods for hurricanes, which in the past have mainly been observed from satellites in the sky.“Now we are able to understand it—or at least track part of its route—through the solid earth as well，” he said. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种类似地震的自然现象——“风暴地震”，介绍了其形成过程、特点和影响其形成的条件，这一发现有助于改进飓风研究方法。 4．What is the characteristic of a stormquake according to this passage? A．Being seasonal. B．Being unexpected. C．Being long­lasting. D．Being global. √ 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段“The exciting part is that seismic sources caused by hurricanes can last for hours or even days.”可知，风暴地震的显著特征是持续时间长。故选C。 5．Why were stormquakes unknown to science before? A．Because they were ignored by scientists. B．Because they were hardly seen on the Earth. C．Because they were similar to common earthquakes. D．Because they generally happened in deep sea floors. √ 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段中“This is mainly because scientists studying earthquakes have generally considered ocean­caused seismic waves as ‘background noise’．”可知，以前的科学界对风暴地震一无所知，是因为他们曾经被科学家当成“背景噪音”忽视了。故选A。 6．What message is conveyed in Paragraph 4? A．All hurricanes don't lead to stormquakes. B．Stormquakes happen more along the East Coast. C．Stormquakes influence the sea floor's conditions. D．Stronger hurricanes produce bigger stormquakes. √ 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中“The team noted that even Hurricane Sandy, one of the most costly storms in U.S.history, did not cause a single stormquake.Fan says this suggests that stormquakes are strongly influenced by the physical shape of the seafloor's surface and seafloor conditions.”可推知，并不是所有的飓风都带来风暴地震。故选A。 7．What is the significance of the discovery? A．Helping to predict an earthquake more exactly. B．Offering a different view on hurricane researches. C．Suggesting the richness of the seismic wave field. D．Preventing possible hurricanes and lessening losses. √ 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He hopes the discovery will lead to improved study methods for hurricanes, which in the past have mainly been observed from satellites in the sky.”可知，这个发现的意义是为研究飓风提供了另一个角度。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空（每小题1分，共15分） （2025·吉林高一检测）Madden is an 8­year­old boy.He was playing with his toys in front of the window.Suddenly, he saw water flowing into the 　1　．He shouted to his mom Sandy.“Look, Mom, here comes the 　2　！” Sandy saw the house lifted up off its 　3　 and it began to be carried away by the water. Sandy thought 　4　 and found a big basin （盆） to put Madden in.They struggled out of the house.The flood was so strong that the basin 　5　．Sandy managed to put Madden in again.But the flood suddenly took Sandy away.She lost 　6　 of her son.All she could hear was Madden crying, “Mommy！” After being 　7　 from her son, Sandy tried all her best to find safety and she was 　8　． But as a mother, she couldn't imagine 　9　 her son.She cried for help, wishing someone could lend a hand.Then came a rescue team and the 　10　 started.One hour, two hours, three hours...but there was still no 　11　 of Madden.Worse still, it was growing 　12　．Sandy began to 　13　． Then came good news.Madden was found on the top of a small house, safe and 　14　．He said he believed his mother was waiting for him.Sandy said she couldn't 　15　 the rescuers enough. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了母子经历洪水，儿子因为洪水与母亲失散，最终又获救的故事。 解析：选C。根据后文“it began to be carried away by the water”可知，发生了洪水，因此孩子看到水进入了院子。故选C。 1．A．basin B．river C．yard D．well √ 2．A．rain B．flood C．stream D．sun √ 解析：选B。根据后文“it began to be carried away by the water”可知，房子都被裹挟而走，发生了洪水。故选B。 3．A．base B．wall C．roof D．exit √ 解析：选A。根据后文“it began to be carried away by the water”可知，洪水冲走了房屋，因此房屋被抬升，脱离了地基。故选A。 4．A．hardly B．certainly C．quickly D．naturally √ 解析：选C。根据下文“found a big basin （盆） to put Madden in”可知，Sandy思维敏捷。故选C。 5．A．cracked B．disappeared C．shook D．overturned √ 解析：选D。根据前文“The flood was so strong”以及后文“Sandy managed to put Madden in again.”可知，此处表示装有儿子的水盆翻倒了。故选D。 6．A．track B．sense C．sight D．breath √ 解析：选C。根据后文“All she could hear was Madden crying”可知，母亲只能听到孩子的哭声，却看不见孩子，lose sight of表示“看不见”。故选C。 7．A．separated B．saved C．transported D．delivered √ 解析：选A。根据前文“All she could hear was Madden crying”可知，母亲只能听到孩子的哭声，却看不见孩子，所以此处表示母亲与孩子分离。故选A。 8．A．unique B．professional C．responsible D．lucky √ 解析：选D。根据后文“She cried for help, wishing someone could lend a hand.”以及语境可知，母亲找到了安全的地方，很幸运。故选D。 9．A．helping B．losing C．calming D．trapping √ 解析：选B。根据上文“But the flood suddenly took Sandy away.She lost 　　　 of his son.”可知，母亲不能想象失去自己的儿子。故选B。 A．research B．legend C．search D．hike √ 解析：选C。根据后文“One hour, two hours, three hours...”可知，时间一点点流逝，搜救在进行着，此处表示搜救开始了。故选C。 A．sign B．movement C．alarm D．whistle √ 解析：选A。根据前文“but”以及语境可知，此处表示并未发现小孩的迹象。故选A。 A．warm B．dark C．normal D．strange √ 解析：选B。根据前文的“but”与“Worse still”可知，情况不容乐观，天越来越黑，增加了救援的难度。故选B。 A．watch out B．check out C．take control D．break down √ 解析：选D。根据前文“One hour, two hours, three hours...but there was still no 　　　 of Madden.”可知，找到孩子的可能性越来越小，所以母亲开始崩溃。故选D。 A．powerful B．sound C．active D．wise √ 解析：选B。根据前文“Then came good news.”以及“safe”可知，Madden安然无恙(safe and sound)。故选B。 A．thank B．accept C．supply D．compare √ 解析：选A。根据前文“Madden was found on the top of a small house”可知，小男孩被救，所以母亲对救援队感激不尽。故选A。 $