动词时态和被动语态总复习-备战2025-2026学年九年级英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） Chapter1动词时态和被动语态总复习 考频分析 动词时态和被动语态是中考英语语法的核心模块，考频占语法总量的20%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型： 单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子完整性与准确性。 在语境理解类题目中，动词时态的辨析、被动语态的结构及运用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 中考对动词时态和被动语态的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·动词时态辨析：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时的基本 结构、时间标志词与语境匹配； ·被动语态应用：不同时态下被动语态的构成（一般现在时am/is/are+done、一般过去时was/were-+done 等)，主动语态与被动语态的转换规则； ·语境综合运用：结合具体情境判断时态与语态的正确使用，区分主动与被动的语义差异。 精讲精练 知识点一：动词时态的基本分类及用法 ·1.一般现在时（表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观事实） -构成：主语+动词原形第三人称单数（动词+s/es) -标志词：always(总是)、usually(通常)、oten(经常)、every day(每天) -例句：口I get up at6:30 every morning.(第一人称，动词原形)☐She plays basketball after school.. (第三人称单数，动词+s) ·2.一般过去时（表示过去发生的动作或状态） 一构成：主语+动词过去式 -标志词：yesterday(昨天)、last week(上周)、ago(以前)、in2020(在2020年) -例句：He went to Beijing last summer..(go的过去式went)They watched TV yesterday evening. (watch的过去式watched) ·3.一般将来时（表示将要发生的动作或状态） -常见结构：will+动词原形be going to+动词原形 -标志词：tomorrow(明天)、next week(下周)、soon(不久)、in the future(将来) -例句：口I will visit my grandparents tomorrow.(will+动词原形)口She is going to buy a new book next Sunday.(be going to+动词原形) ·4.现在进行时（表示正在进行的动作） -构成：主语+amis/are+动词-ing形式 -标志词：now(现在)、入look(看)、入listen(听)、at the moment(此刻) -例句：口They are playing football now.(are+动词-ing)口Look！The bird is singing in the tree.(is+ 动词-ing) 【即学即练】 1.【一般现在时】He_(play)basketball every Saturday.请填写正确形式： 2.【一般过去时】下列选项中，哪一个是”go”的过去式？ A.go B.went C.goes D.going 3.【一般将来时】”明天我将去公园”的正确英文表达是？ A.I go to the park tomorrow. B.I went to the park tomorrow. C.I will go to the park tomorrow. D.I am going to the park yesterday. 4.【现在进行时】Look！The girl (sing)a song.请填写正确形式： 5.【时态标志词】”every day”是哪种时态的标志词？ A.一般现在时 B.一般过去时 C.一般将来时 D.现在进行时 初三|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） 知识点二：动词被动语态的核心结构与用法 ·1.被动语态通用构成逻辑 1.核心公式主语+be+过去分词+(by+动作执行者) 2.核心原则be动词随时态变化，过去分词固定不变（规则动词+ed,不规则动词需单独记忆） 3.例句对比主动：They plant trees every spring.(一般现在时主动)被动：Trees are planted by them every spring.(be随主语变为are,planted保持不变) ·2.关键时态被动语态结构 1.一般现在时被动结构：amis/are+done例句：Chinese is spoken by many people.(主语Chinese 单数，故用is;speak的过去分词spoken) 2.一般过去时被动结构：was/were+done例句：This house was built in1990.(主语house单数，故 用was;build的过去分词built) 3.一般将来时被动结构：will be+done或am/is/.are going to be+done例句：The meeting will be held tomorrow.(will be+hold的过去分词held) 4.现在进行时被动结构：amis/are+being+done例句：The problem is being discussed now.(is being+discuss的过去分词discussed) 5.现在完成时被动结构：have/has been+done例句：The windows have been cleaned.(主语windows 复数，故用have been;clean的过去分问cleaned) ·3.被动语态使用场景 1.强调动作承受者The child was saved by the policeman.(强调child被救) 2.不知或无需指出动作执行者My bike was stolen yesterday.(不知谁偷的) 3.客观事实描述English is used all over the world.(全球使用英语的客观事实) ·4.易错点提醒 1.及物动词才有被动错误：The accident was happened yesterday..(happen是不及物动词，无被动) 正t确：The accident happened yesterday, 2.保持时态一致性主动：He wrote a letter.(一般过去时)被动：A letter was written by him.(was与 wrote时态对应) 3.短语动词不可省略介词主动：They will take care of the children.被动：The children will be taken care of..(care后的of不可省略) 知识点三：完成时态与情态动词的被动语态 ·1.现在完成时被动语态 -结构：have/has been+过去分词 一基础用法（中考必背）： 1.强调过去发生且对现在有影响的被动动作→例句：The room has been cleaned by Tom.(房间已 被汤姆打扫干净，强调现在很整洁) 2.表示从过去持续到现在的被动状态→例句：This book has been used for ten years.(这本书已被 使用十年) 3.近期完成的被动动作→例句：The new bridge has been built recently.(新桥最近刚建成) -标志词：already(已经)、yet(还)、just(刚刚)、since(自从)、for(持续) ·2.过去完成时被动语态 -结构：had been+过去分词 一基础用法（中考重点）： 1.表示过去某个时间前已完成的被动动作→例句：The letter had been written before he came.(在 他来之前信已写好) 2.过去两个被动动作的先后顺序→例句：hen we arrived,all seats had been taken.(我们到达时， 所有座位已被占用) -标志词：by the end of last..(到上个.末)、before(在..之前)、when(当..时) ·3.情态动词被动语态 -通用结构：情态动词+be+过去分词 一常见情态被动（中考核心）： 1.can be done(能够被..)→例句：The problem can be solved easily..(问题能被轻松解决) 2.must be done(必须被.)→例句：The rules must be obeyed by everyone.(规则必须被所有人 遵守) 3.should be done(应该被..)→例句：The environment should be protected.(环境应该被保护) 4.may be done(可能被.)→例句：The meeting may be put off tomorrow.(会议明天可能被推迟) ·4.特殊结构被动语态 -含双宾语结构（中考易错）： 1.给予类动词被动转换→例句：主动：He gave me a book.被动：I was given a book by him.lA book was given to me by him 2.展示类动词被动转换→例句：主动：She showed us the photos.被动：Ne were shown the photos by her./The photos were shown to us by her. -短语动词被动（中考常考）： 1.look after→例句：The babies are well looked after by the nurse.(婴儿被护士照顾得很好) 2.turn off→例句：The lights should be turned off when you leave.(离开时灯应该被关掉) 3.put on→例句：The play will be put on next week.(戏剧将在下周被上演) ·5.注意事项 1.被动语态中的时态一致性→例句：The cake was being made when I came..(我来时蛋糕正在被制 作) 2.避免双重被动错误→错误：The house was been built.正确：The house was built 3.被动语态中的逻辑主语→例句：English is spoken by many people.(by引出动作执行者) 初三|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） 老法一：被动语态基本结构判断 ·核心：根据主动语态句子，通过时态和主语变化，转换为正确的被动语态结构 ·真题1（句型转换）： -They grow rice in the south.(改为被动语态) -答案：Rice is grown in the south by them.解析：原句为一般现在时主动语态，被动结构为”am/is/are +done”;主语rice为不可数名词，be动词用is;grow的过去分词为grown,动作执行者由by引出。 ·真题2（单项选择）： The old bridge_last year. A.built B.was built C.is built D.will be built -答案：B解析：由时间标志词"last year'”可知用一般过去时，被动结构为was/were+done”;主语 bridge为单数，be动词用was,build的过去分词为built。 考法二：时态与被动语态综合运用 ·核心：结合时间标志词判断时态，同时根据动作承受者与执行者关系确定被动语态 ·真题1（语法填空）： -A new library_(build)in our school last year.It is now open to students. -答案：was built解析：由时间标志词"last year'”可知用一般过去时；主语"library”是动作承受者，被动 结构为"was/were+过去分词”，主语单数故用was,build的过去分词为built。. ·真题2（单项选择）： Many trees_in the park every spring. A.plant B.planted C.are planted D.will be planted -答案：C解析：由时间标志词”every spring”可知用一般现在时；主语"trees”是动作承受者，被动结构 为"am/is/are+过去分词”，主语复数故用are,plant的过去分词为planted。 考法三：被动语态的应用 ·核心：根据语境判断动作的承受者，掌握被动语态的基本结构(b+过去分词)，并注意时态、情态动 词和完成时态在被动语态中的正确运用。 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The new science museum__in our city next month.Many people are looking forward to it. A.will open B.opens C.will be opened D.is opened 一答案：C解析：主语"the new science museum”是动作”open”的承受者，需用被动语态；由时间标 志词”next monthi”可知，用一般将来时被动语态，结构为"will be+过去分词”，open的过去分词为 opened。选项A和B为主动语态，选项D为一般现在时被动，与将来时间不符。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The lost dog_already_(find)by the time we put up the posters yesterday. -答案：had already been found解析：主语"the lost dog”是动作"find"的承受者，需用被动语态；由时 间状语"by the time we put up the posters yesterday'”可知，动作发生在”过去之过去”，用过去完成时 被动语态，结构为"nad been+过去分词”。find的过去分词为found,副词already置于第一个助动词 had之后。 初三|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境； 主动结构记“主谓”，被动必带be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动“am/is/are”,一过被动“was/were”; 进行被动要用“being”,完成被动“have/has/had been”; 将来被动“will be”,最后加上一个done。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.My mother usually cooks dinner,but tonight the meal_by my father A.is cooked B.was cooked C.will be cooked D.cooks 2.We_to the park every Sunday A.go B.goes C.went D.will go 3.Listen!The students_English songs in the classroom A.sing B.sings C.sang D.are singing 4.This storybook_in 2018 A.is written B.was written C.will be written D.writes 5.The meeting__at 3 o'clock tomorrow afternoon A.holds B.is held C.will hold D.will be held 6.These books _to the library next week A.return B.returned C.will return D.will be returned 7.The problem-by the teacher yesterday A.explains B.explained C.was explained D.is explained 8.Hebasketball with his friends every Saturday A.play B.plays C.played D.will play 9.Many trees_in our school last spring A.plant B.planted C.were planted D.are planted 10.Look!The children kites in the playground A.fly B.flies C.flew D.are flying 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.She_(watch)TV every evening 2.The letter(write)by Tom yesterday 3.They_(play)football now 4.A new hospital(build)in our city next year 5.We _(visit)the Great Wall last summer 6.English_(speak)in many countries 7.Listen!Someone_(knock)at the door 8.The work_(finish)already 9.He_(go)to school by bike every day 10.The room_(clean)by my sister yesterday 演练三：语法填空（共10空） It was Sunday morning.My brother and I 1-(get)up early because we planned to visit the museum. When we arrived,we found that many people 2(wait)outside.The museum 3_(open)at 9:00 a.m.and it 4(visit)by lots of tourists every day.We 5_(see)many old things there.Some of them 6_(make) hundreds of years ago.I was interested in a small box.A guide told us that it 7(use)for keeping letters in the past.At noon,we 8_(have)lunch in a restaurant near the museum.The food 9(cook)by a famous chef.In the afternoon,we went home.Although we 10_(feel)tired,we were very happy. 答案 即学即练答案： 1.plays 2.B 3.C 4.is singing 5.A 演练一：单项选择 1.C2.A3.D4.B5.D6.D7.C8.B9.C10.D 演练二：填空试题 1.watches 2.was written 3.are playing 4.will be built 5.visited 6.is spoken 7.is knocking 8.has been finished 9.goes 10.was cleaned 演练三：语法填空 1.got 2.were waiting 3.opens 4.is visited 5.saw 6.were made 7.was used 8.had 9.was cooked 10.felt 初三|英语引人教版