应用文--图表类写作指南 清单 -2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

高中英语图表类应用文写作指南 一、常用词汇与表达 时间状语：最近：recently目前：currently 关于：regarding / concerning / with regard to / related to 调查：conduct / initiate a survey 数据：data / figure / number / statistic 图表类型：图表（graph/diagram泛指所有图表）包括柱状图（bar/column chart）、表格（table）、饼状图（pie chart）、折线图（line chart）、曲线图（curve chart）、流程图（flow chart）、组图（a set of charts）等。 表示“表明”：show / indicate / demonstrate / illustrate / showcase / exhibit/ display/represent 表示“揭示”：reveal / unveil / highlight / clarify / disclose / uncover/reflect 表示“描述”：describe / outline / denote / portray /elaborate 预测(v)：expect, predict, project, forecast 预测(句式)：xx is expected/predicted/projected/forecast to reach … 正如表/图/数据所展示的As is demonstrated/portrayed in+表/图/数据..As can be seen from+表/图/数据.... 表述原因总起句There are many reasons explaining this phenomenon. 趋势预测：From what has been discussed above, a trend can be predicted from the chart that …… 二、程度副词 急剧地sharply缓慢地slowly 迅速地 rapidly稳定地steadily平缓地gradually轻微地slightly相对地relatively具体地specifically匀速地constantly适度地moderately持续continuously/consistently 显著地：dramatically / noticeably/ considerably / significantly /markedly /enormously/steeply 大约:about/around/roughly/approximately/nearly/almost/just + 数字; close to/more than/less than/over/just under+ 数字; 数字 + or so 三、趋势表达 上升：increase / rise / go up / grow / surge / climb / jump / leap/skyrocket / be on the increase/at an alarming rate 涨到峰值：reach the peak (climb to/hit/register/arrive at/stand at/increase to都可以替换掉reach) (top/summit/zenith/highest point都可以替换掉peak) 下降：decrease / reduce / drop / decline / fall / slide /decline/go down 呈下降趋势：show a downward trend 跌至谷底：hit the bottom (reach/register/arrive at/stand at/decrease to都可以替换掉hit) (trough/lowest point都可以替换掉bottom) 四、比较与对比 与…相比：be compared with (to) / in comparison with 与…不同：in contrast to / by contrast / conversely / on the other hand / contrarily be different from / differ from / contrast with / vary from 结果：consequently / therefore / thus / hence / as a consequence / as a result 根据：according to / in accordance with 占比例：occupy the largest/smallest proportion of xx；occupy=make up=take up=account for；proportion=percentage 仅次于: A is second to B 占比最高的是: On the top of the list is …占比最低的是: At the bottom is … …百分比是: the percentage of .. is … 由…组成：be comprised of, consist of, be made up of，be composed of 五、常用句式 ① 描述上升到多少：The mobile-phone subscriptions soared to 4 billion in 2008.（to+数据，表示幅度结果） ② 描述从多少上升到多少：Conversely, the urban population saw a rising trend, growing from only 300 million to 680 million by 2010. ③ 描述A的上升和B的下降：Domestic cars had a dramatic increase in the market share, as high as 9.8%, while/whereas（然而）Japanese cars declined by nearly 10%.（by+数据，表示变化程度） ④ 描述xx数据排第几：The amount of underground water ranks the second ,the percentage being 30.2%. ⑤ 描述最大占比：It is clear that the largest share is acquiring knowledge, accounting for as much as 59.5%.= As the data shows, acquiring knowledge constitutes the largest proportion, at 59.5%. ⑥ 分别描述比例：Meanwhile, it is also not difficult to find that service, environment, price and other factors occupy 26.8%, 23.8%, 8.4% and 4.7% respectively（分别地）.（A + account for / make up /+ 百分数/分数 + of the total 或：百分数/分数 + of the total is made up of / is composed of / is comprised of + A） ⑦描述倍数：A is three times as much as B …; The graph shows a threefold increase in number of … The total number in 2012, which is 8,318, is about two times as much as the total number in 2008. ⑧A排在第一，占…%，紧接着B，占…%，跟着是C，占…%；最后是D，E，F，分别占…%，…%，和…%。 A, which accounts for ... %, ranks the first; second to it is B with ... %, followed by C, making up ... % and D, E, F at ... %...%...% respectively. 图表作文的结构与范例 一、 图表作文的结构：说明文，一般可分为三个层次 Part 1 介绍背景: 概括性地描述下图表的主要内容或其调查背景 With the growing popularity of..., an increasing number of students... Our school/ We conducted a survey on “题目” last week. Part 2 描述图表：用简洁的两三句话，把图表的信息描述清楚，避免重复、啰嗦。常见句型有：As is clearly shown in the chart, the majority of ...... , accounting for x%, followed by ...... and ......, occupying x% and x% separately. Compared with the ...... above, ...... is the least (popular/ closed), making up x% proportion. 例如：As is clearly shown in the chart, the majority of students learn English by appreciating English songs, accounting for 65%, followed by 50% of the students who learn through watching English movies. Compared with the above two approaches, reading English books and browsing English learning websites make up18% and 12% respectively. Part 3 分析原因或描述评论图表反应的现象 用定语从句或it引导的主语从句去谈下数据背后反映的问题，比如： 1.Obviously,  描述现象（比如谁少，谁多）, which reflect a adj. phenomenon that more and more .... 怎么怎么样。 2.As is shown/demonstrated in the chart, it is clear/evident from the figures/statistics that ...正如图表所显示的从数据中我们可以清晰地看出... 深刻评论图表内容--分析原因 1. 思路要点：探讨何种原因致使图表中呈现该样态，如学生喜好、活动难易度、耗时长短等。 2. 实用句式： (1) The survey results indicate that ... is the most / least popular activity among students, which can be attributed to ...调查结果表明，… 是学生中最受欢迎的/最不受欢迎的活动，这可以归因于 …。 (2) One possible reason for this phenomenon is that ...这种现象的一个可能原因是 ……。 (3) Students are more inclined to choose ... because ...学生更倾向于选择 ……，因为 ……。 (4) The preference for ... may stem from ...对 …… 的偏好可能源于 ……。 (5) It is likely that students find ... more appealing due to ...学生可能因为 …而发现 …更具吸引力。 Part 4 给建议（发表观点）得出结论 文章最后就是谈谈自己的想法或者给出一些建议，可以用到常见的提出建议的句型，比如： As far as I concerned, 图表中现象对我们是否有益. So It is urgent for us to do sth, which (效果). 积极的：Definitely, the boom of ...方面tends to exert a beneficial influence on people’s lives, and hence, it should be, from every aspect, encouraged and further advocated. 消极的：In view of the description and analysis above, I’m convinced that actions have to be taken to cope with the problems arising from … 二、高考真题评论示例--2022新高考乙卷 学校英文报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括: 1. 学习活动状况描述; 2.简单评论; 3.你的建议。 Learning English Beyond the Classroom Technology offers students diverse ways to learn English beyond classrooms. A survey shows 65% of students learn through English songs, while 50% prefer movies. In contrast, only 18% read English books and a mere 12% use educational websites. This highlights students’ preference for enjoyable methods that facilitate natural language absorption in relaxing settings. Research confirms that combining entertainment with learning enhances memory retention. Songs and movies expose learners to authentic expressions and cultural contexts, helping them grasp English in real-life scenarios. Thus, diverse approaches to learning English should be encouraged and developed, both in and beyond classroom. Besides, teachers can integrate pop culture into lessons—for example, analyzing song lyrics to practice pronunciation or discussing movie clips to improve dialogue comprehension. This flexible approach boosts classroom engagement and practical skills, making language learning both effective and sustainable. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $