可数名词的复数变化-备战2025-2026学年七年级英语上学期期末语法全解（冀教版）

ENGLISH-初一系列资料（冀教版） Chapter1可数名词的复数变化 考频分析 可数名词的复数变化是中考英语词法的基础模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型： 单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达（基础考察，直接影响名词与其他 词类的搭配准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，可数名词的复数形式、不规则变化及数量限定词的搭配往往 是解题关键。 考查内容 中考对可数名词复数变化的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖规则变化与特殊应用： ·规则变化规律：一般加-s、以s/x/sh/ch结尾加-es、以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加-es、以ffe结尾变 ffe为v加-es的具体应用； ·不规则变化形式：单复数同形（如sheep)、内部元音变化（如man-men)、特殊结尾（如child-→children) 的识别与记忆； ·语境中复数形式：结合主谓一致、数量表达（基数词+复数名词）、固定搭配（如a lot of students)的 正确使用。 精讲精练 知识点一：可数名词的复数变化 ·规则变化 -直接加-s:book→books(书)、student-→students(学生)→例句：There are five books on the desk. -以sk/sh/ch结尾加-es:bus-buses(公共汽车)、box→boxes(盒子)、brush-brushes(刷子)、 watch-watches(手表)→例句：She has two boxes of pencils. -以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-es:baby-babies(婴儿)、city→cities(城市)→例句：These babies are very cute. -以f/fe结尾，变f/fe为v加-es:knife-knives(刀)、leaf-leaves(树叶)→例句：I need three knives for cooking ·不规则变化 -元音字母变化：man-men(男人)、woman-women(女人)、人foot-→feet(脚)、tooth-teeth(牙齿) →例句：The men are playing basketball.. -单复数同形：sheep→sheep(绵羊)、deer→deer(鹿)、ish→fish(鱼，强调数量)→例句：Ne saw many sheep on the farm. -特殊变化：child-→children(孩子)、mouse-→mice(老鼠，)→例句：Her children go to school by bike. 【即学即练】 1.【规则变化】请写出"watch”的复数形式：一 2.【规则变化】”city”的复数形式正确的是？ A.citys B.cities C.cityes D.city 3.【不规则变化】下列单词单复数同形的是？ A.man B.sheep C.child D.foot 4.【不规则变化】请写出"tooth”的复数形式：一 5.【语境应用】完成句子：There are three_(knife)on the table. 初一|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（冀教版） 知识点二：可数名词的复数变化 ·规则变化 1.一般情况：直接加-s -例词：book→books(书)、student→students(学生)、pen→pens(钢笔) 2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾：加-es -例词：bus→buses(公交车)、box→boxes(盒子)、brush→brushes(刷子)、watch→watches (手表) 3.以辅音字母+y结尾：变y为i,加-es -例词：city→cities(城市)、baby→babies(婴儿)、family→families(家庭) 4.以元音字母+y结尾：直接加-s -例词：boy→boys(男孩)、toy→toys(玩具)、key→keys(钥匙) 5.以f/fe结尾：变ffe为v,加-es -例词：knife→knives(刀)、leaf→leaves(树叶)、wolf→wolves(狼) 6.以o结尾：有生命的加-es,无生命的加-s -例词：potato→potatoes(土豆，有生命)、tomato→tomatoes(西红柿，有生命)；photo→ photos(照片，无生命)、radio→radios(收音机，无生命) ·不规则变化（无固定规则，需特殊记忆） -例词： 1.man→men(男人)、woman→women(女人)、child→children(孩子) 2.foot→feet(脚)、tooth→teeth(牙齿)、mouse→mice(老鼠) 3.sheep→sheep(绵羊)、deer→deer(鹿)、fsh→fish(鱼，指数量时) 4.Chinese→Chinese(中国人)、Japanese→Japanese(日本人) 5.ox→oxen(公牛)、goose→geese(鹅) ·单复数同形（形式不变，意义表示复数） -例词： 1.people(人们)：The people here are friendly.(这里的人们很友好。) 2.police(警察)：The police are looking for the thief.(警察正在找小偷。) 3.trousers(裤子)：These trousers are too long.(这条裤子太长了。) 4.scissors(剪刀)：The scissors are on the desk.(剪刀在桌子上。) 知识点三：可数名词的复数变化补充与拓展 ·规则变化补充（中考常考） -以元音字母+y结尾：直接加-s→例词：boy→boys(男孩)、toy-toys(玩具)入、key→keys(钥匙) →例句：These boys are playing football.. -以o结尾：有生命的加-es,无生命的加-s→例词：potato-potatoes(土豆)、tomato-tomatoes (西红柿)；photo-→photos(照片)、radio-radios(收音机)→例句：I need two tomatoes and three photos. ·不规则变化拓展（中考高频） -特殊变化补充： 1.整体变化：child.→children(孩子)、ox→oxen(公牛)、goose→geese(鹅)→例句：The children are feeding the geese. 2.单复数同形（表人/集体）：Chinese-Chinese(中国人)、Japanese-Japanese(日本人)、people (人们)、police(警察)→例句：The police are helping the old man. 3.特殊复数形式：mouse-mice(老鼠)、foot-feet(脚)、tooth-teeth(牙齿)→例句：There are two mice under the table. ·易混淆复数形式（中考易错） 一形式易错对比： 1.以/fe结尾特殊情况：roofroofs(屋顶)、belief-→beliefs(信念)（直接加-s)→例句：The house has red roofs 2.同形不同义：fish-fish(鱼，数量)/fishes(鱼，种类)→例句：Ve caught three fish and saw many fishes in the lake 3.合成词复数：passer--by→passers-by(过路人)、sister--in-law→sisters-in-law(嫂子)→例句：Three passers-by helped the hurt girl. ·中考易错点辨析 1.以0结尾名词的复数变化误用： -There are three photoes on the wall.→There are three photos on the wall..(photo为无生命的 以。结尾名词，直接加s) -Hike to eat tomatos:→I like to eat tomatoes.(tomato为有生命的以o结尾名词，加es) 2.以f/fe结尾名词的特殊情况误用： 一The roofes of the house are red.→The roofs of the house are red.(roof为f结尾特殊情况，直 接加s) -He has two leafs in his hand.→He has two leaves in his hand.(leaf为f结尾常规变化，变f为 v加es) 3.单复数同形名词的主谓一致误用： -There is many sheep on the farm.→There are many sheep on the farm.(sheep单复数同形， many修饰需用复数谓语) -The police is coming:→The police are coming.(police为集体名词，谓语用复数) 4.合成词复数变化误用： -There are two passer-bys in the street.→There are two passers-by in the street.(合成词 passer-by的复数形式为passers-by) 初一|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（冀教版） 考法一：可数名词复数形式规则变化辨析 ·核心：根据可数名词的词尾特征，判断其复数形式的正确变化规则（如直接加-s、加-es、变y为i加-es 等) ·真题1（语法填空）： There are two_(potato)on the plate.Please put them into the fridge -答案：potatoes解析：以o结尾且有生命的名词复数加-es,potato(土豆)为有生命，复数形式为 potatoes。 ·真题2（单项选择）： My mother bought three_yesterday.They are fresh. A.brushs B.brushes C.brush D.brushies -答案：B解析：以sh结尾的名词复数加-es,brush的复数形式为brushes,选项A拼写错误，C为 单数，D变化规则错误。 考法二：可数名词复数形式综合运用 ·核心：根据名词词尾特征及词汇意义，判断可数名词复数的正确变化形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： There are some_(potato)and(photo)on the table. -答案：potatoes photos解析：potato以o结尾且表示有生命事物，复数加-es;photo以o结尾且表 示无生命事物，复数直接加-s。 ·真题2（单项选择）： My mother bought two_and three__yesterday. A.boxs knives B.boxes knife C.boxes knives D.boxs knifes -答案：C解析：box以x结尾，复数加-es变为boxes;knife以fe结尾，变fe为v加-es变为knives。. 考法三：可数名词复数形式综合运用 ·核心：结合不同词尾特征(s/x/sh/ch、辅音字母+y、元音字母+y、ffe、o等)及不规则变化规则，准 确判断可数名词的复数形式 ·真题1（单项选择）： -There are two_and three_on the table A.tomato potato B.tomatoes potatoes C.tomatos potatos D.tomato potatoes 一答案：B解析：tomato和potato均为以o结尾且有生命的名词，复数形式需加-es,因此正确答案为 tomatoes知potatoes。 ·真题2（语法填空）： My mother bought five _(knife)and some_(brush)from the store yesterday -答案：knives brushes解析：knife以fe结尾，变fe为v加-es,复数形式为knives;brush以sh结 尾，直接加-es,复数形式为brushes。. 解题小妙招 复数变化有规则，词尾特征是关键； s/x/sh/ch结尾，直接加上-es; 辅音字母加y尾，变y为i加-es; 元音字母加y尾，直接加s没问题； f/fe结尾有规律，变f/fe为加-es; o结尾要辨生命，有生命加-es,无生命加-s; 不规则变化需牢记，特殊情况单独记。 初一|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（冀教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.My father has two_in his office. A.boxs B.boxes C.box D.boxies 2.There are three_on the table.They are red. A.tomatos B.tomato C.tomatoes D.tomatoies 3.She bought fivefor her children. A.toy B.toys C.toyes D.toyies 4.How many_are there in the zoo? A.deer B.deers C.deer's D.deeres 5.I need some new_for school. A.pen B.pens C.penes D.penns 6.The_are playing football in the park. A.man B.mans C.men D.mens 7.My mother washed the_yesterday. A.dish B.dishs C.dishes D.dishies 8.There are many_in the river. A.fish B.fishes C.fishs D.fishies 9.These_are from China. A.Chinese B.Chineses C.China D.Chinas 10.He has two _and a ruler in his bag. A.knife B.knifes C.knives D.knifees 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.There are five_(book)on the desk. 2.My sister has two_(baby) 3.I can see some_(box)under the bed. 4.She bought three_(tomato)this morning. 5.The_(child)are playing games in the yard. 6.There are many-(sheep)on the farm. 7.He needs two _(knife)for cooking. 8.These_(photo)are very beautiful. 9.My father has three_(watch). 10.The _(police)are helping the old man. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Today is Sunday.Lily and her family go to a farm.They see many 1.-(animal)there,like three 2.-(sheep),five 3.-(chicken),and some 4.-(cow).Near the house,there are two 5.(box)of ap- ples.Lily's mother picks some 6.-(tomato)from the garden.Her father takes some 7.-(photo)of the farm.They meet two 8.-(man)working there.The farm also has many 9.-(leaf)on the trees.At lunch, they eat 10.(potato)and rice.They have a happy day! 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.B4.A5.B6.C7.C8.A9.A10.C 演练二：填空试题 1.books 2.babies 3.boxes 4.tomatoes 5.children 6.sheep 7.knives 8.photos 9.watches 10.police 演练三：语法填空 1.animals 2.sheep 3.chickens 4.cows 5.boxes 6.tomatoes 7.photos 8.men 9.leaves 10.potatoes 初一|英语|冀教版