be动词和实义动词have用法-备战2025-2026学年七年级英语上学期期末语法全解（冀教版）

ENGLISH-初一系列资料（冀教版） Chapter1be动词和实义动词have用法 考频分析 be动词和实义动词have是中考英语词法的核心模块，考频占词法总量的20%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心 题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(3-4题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子 完整性与准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，be动词的时态、语态及实义动词have的词义辨析往往是解题 关键。 考查内容 中考对be动词和实义动词have的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·基础用法辨析：be动词(am/is/are)表状态、特征、身份的基本功能；实义动词have表“拥有、具有” 的核心语义及人称搭配规则： ·时态应用：一般现在时中be动词(am/is/are)与have(has/have)的人称变化规则；一般过去时中 was/were与had的形式转换及语境标志词匹配； ·句式转换：be动词与have在肯定句、否定句（含be+not助动词+not+have)、一般疑问句(be动词提 前/助动词提前+have)中的结构差异。 精讲精练 知识点一：be动词和实义动词have的用法 ·be动词（系动词，无实义，后接表语） -人称及时态变化：am(第一人称单数现在时)、is(第三人称单数现在时)、are(第二人称单复数第 一、三人称复数现在时)、was(第一、三人称单数过去时)、were(第二人称单复数/第一、三人称复 数过去时) -例句：口I am a student.(后接名词作表语)口The flowers are beautiful..(后接形容词作表语)口He was at home yesterday..(后接介词短语作表语) ·实义动词have(有具体含义“有”，可独立作谓语) -人称及时态变化：have(第一、二人称单复数/第三人称复数现在时)、has(第三人称单数现在时)、 had(过去时) -及物动词用法（后接宾语）：表示“拥有”“具有”→例句：She has a new book./They have two cats. -注意：疑问句和否定句需借助助动词do/does//did→例句：Do you have a pen?He doesn't have a bike.They didn't have any money. 【即学即练】 1.【be动词人称变化】I_a teacher..应填入以下哪个be动词？ A.is B.am C.are D.was 2.【实义动词have人称变化】He_a new schoolbag.应填入以下哪个形式？ A.have B.has C.had D.having 3.【实义动词have否定句】将“She has a dog.”改为否定句： 4.【be动词一般疑问句】将“They are in the park.”改为一般疑问句： 5.【时态辨析】Yesterday 1_at home.”中，be动词应使用： A.am B.is C.are D.was 初一上|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（冀教版） 知识点二：be动词和实义动词have的基本用法 ·be动词的用法（表示“是、在、状态”） 1.一般现在时形式 -am(用于第一人称单数I)、is(用于第三人称单数he/she/it及单数名词)、are(用于第二人称you 及复数名词/代词) 一例句： *口I am a student.(第一人称l,用am) *☐She is happy today..(第三人称单数she,用is) *口They are in the classroom.(复数代词they,用are) 2.否定句 -结构：主语+am/is/are+not -例句： *He is not (isn't)from China.(is not isn't) *We are not(aren't)late.(are not=aren't) 3.一般疑问句及回答 -结构：Am/ls/Are+主语+.？肯定回答：Yes,主语+am/is/are.否定回答：No,主语+am not/isn't/aren't. 一例句： *☐-Is this your book？-Yes,itis.No,it isn't. *-Are they teachers?-Yes,they are./No,they aren't. ·实义动词have的用法（表示“拥有、具有”） 1.一般现在时形式 -have(用于第一、二人称及复数主语)、has(用于第三人称单数主语) 一例句 *口I have a new bike.(第一人称l,用have) *口He has two sisters.(第三人称单数he,用has) *口They have a big house.(复数主语they,用have) 2.否定句 -结构：主语+don't/doesn't+have(第三人称单数用doesn't,其余用don't) 一例句： *☐She doesn't have a pet.(三单主语she,用doesn't+have) *☐Ve don't have enough time.(复数主语we,用don't+have) 3.一般疑问句及回答 -结构：Do/Does+主语+have.?肯定回答：Yes,主语+do/does.否定回答：No,主语+ don't/doesn't. 一例句： *☐一Do you have a pen?-Yes,ldo.No,Idon't *-Does Tom have a basketball?-Yes,he does./No,he doesn't. 知识点三：be动词和实义动词have的时态进阶与特殊用法 ·be动词的时态进阶 1.一般过去时 -人称变化：was(第一/三人称单数)、were(第二人称单复数！一、三人称复数) 一例句： *口I was in Beijing last year..(第-人称单数过去时) *They were late for the meeting yesterday.(复数过去时) -否定句：主语+was/were+not -例句：She was not(wasn't)at home just now. -一般疑问句：Nas/Were+主语+.？ -例句：-Vere you in the library this morning？-Yes,Iwas.No,I wasn't. 2.现在进行时(be+doing) -结构：主语+amis/are+动词-ing形式 -例句： *He is reading a book now.(第三人称单数) *☐Ve are playing football on the playground.(复数) ·实义动词have的时态进阶与特殊句式 1.一般过去时：had(所有人称通用) -例句：She had long hair when she was ten. -否定句：主语+didn't+have -例句：They didn't have a car last year. -一般疑问句：Did+主语+have.? -例句：-Did you have breakfast this morning?-Yes,Idid.No,Ididn't. 2.现在完成时(have/has+had) -结构：主语+have/has+had(过去分词) 一例句： *☐I have had this bike for five years.(第一人称) *☐He has had a cold since last Monday.(第三人称单数) 3.固定搭配（表示“经历/做某事”） -have breakfast/unch/dinner(吃早午晚餐)→例句：Ne usually have lunch at12:O0. -have a good time(玩得开心)→例句：They have a good time at the party. -have a meeting(开会)→例句：The teachers have a meeting every Friday. ·be动词与have的易混点辨析（中考高频） 1.表示“存在”用there be句型，不用have -例句：There is a book on the desk.(桌上有一本书) -(错误：The desk has a book.) 2.表示“某人拥有”用have/has,不用be -例句：She has two brothers.(她有两个兄弟) -(错误：She is two brothers.) 3.询问“是否拥有”的两种句式对比 -一Do you have a pen?(美式英语) -一Have you got a pen？(英式英语，got可省略) -(两种均正确，回答用Yes,Ido.Mes,I have.) 初一上|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（冀教版） 考法一：be动词一般现在时形式选择 ·核心：根据主语的人称和数，选择正确的be动词(am/is/are)形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： Lily_a good student.She always helps her classmates. -答案：is解析：主语Lily是第三人称单数，一般现在时中be动词用s。 ·真题2（单项选择）： They__in the classroom now. A.am B.is C.are D.be -答案：C解析：主语they是复数代词，一般现在时中be动词用are。 考法二：be动词与实义动词have的句式转换 ·核心：掌握be动词和实义动词have的否定句、一般疑问句及回答的结构差异，能根据主语和时态正确 转换句式 ·真题1（句型转换）： -Tom is a good student..(改为否定句) -Tom isn't a good student.解析：be动词的否定句直接在be动词后加not,is not可缩写为isnt。 ·真题2（单项选择）： --they have a new car? A.Are B.Is C.Do D.Does -答案：C解析：实义动词have的一般疑问句需借助助动词do/does,主语they为复数，助动词用Do。 考法三：be动词与实义动词have的综合运用及易混点辨析 ·核心：结合时态变化（一般现在时过去时）、句式转换（肯定否定疑问）及易混点(there be句型与 have的区别)综合考查be动词和实义动词have的用法 ·真题1（单项选择）： --there_a football match on TV last night? --No,but my brother_a basketball game on his computer. A.Was;have;had B.Were;has;had C.Was;has;has D.Was;have;has -答案：A解析：第一句为there be句型的一般过去时疑问句，主语”a football match”是单数，be动词 用Was;第二空there be句型疑问句中be动词后用动词原形have;答句中"last night'”提示用一般 过去时，实义动词have的过去式为had。 ·真题2（语法填空）： My mother_(be)a teacher.She_(have)a lot of students.They_(be not)in the same class. Last year,she-(not have)so many students. -答案：is;has;aren't;didn't have解析：第一句陈述事实用一般现在时，主语"my mother”是第三人称 单数，be动词用is;第二句”拥有学生”用have,主语是第三人称单数，用has;第三句否定句，主 语"they”是复数，be动词用are,否定形式为aren't;第四句"last year”提示用一般过去时，实义动词 have的否定句需借助助动词didn't,后接动词原形have。 解题小妙招 be动词形随主变，I用am你用are,is连着他她它，复数一律都用are; 否定直接加not,疑问be动词放句首； 实义动词have用，三单形式变has; 否定疑问靠助动，dol/does/did来帮忙，后接动词用原形； there be表存在，have/has表拥有，两者用法要分开； 过去时态别忘记，be用was/were,have变had; 综合运用看时态，标志语境来判断，句型转换按规则，细心就能做对题。 初一上|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（冀教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.My parents_teachers.They work in a middle school. A.am B.is C.are D.be 2.-your brother have a new bike?-Yes,he_. A.Do;do B.Does;does C.Is;is D.Has;has 3.There_two apples and a banana on the table yesterday. A.was B.were C.is D.are 4.Shein Shanghai last year,but now she_in Beijing. A.is;was B.was;is C.was;was D.is;is 5.-you _lunch at school yesterday?-No,I _it at home. A.Did;have;had B.Do;have;have C.Did;had;had D.Do;had;have 6.This pair of shoes_very expensive,but I_enough money to buy them. A.is;don't have B.are;doesn't have C.is;doesn't have D.are;don't have 7.-How long__you_this English dictionary?-For three years. A.have;bought B.have;had C.has;had D.did;buy 8.My sister oftendinner at 6:30 p.m.,but yesterday sheit at 7:00 p.m. A.have;had B.has;has C.has;had D.had;has 9.-there any milk in the fridge?I want to_a cup oftea. A.Is:have B.Are;have C.Is;has D.Are;has 10.-your parents at home now?-No,they-to the supermarket.They_back in an hour. A.Are;have gone;will be B.Is;have been;are C.Are;went;were D.Is;go;are 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She_(be)a doctor.She works in a hospital. 2.They_(not have)a car.They usually go to work by bike. 3.My brother_(have)a new computer last month. 4._(be)you in the park yesterday morning? 5.We_(not be)late for class yesterday. 6.-he _(have)a pet dog?-Yes,he_. 7.There_(be)some books on the desk just now,but now there_(not be)any. 8.My mother often_(have)breakfast at 7:00 a.m.,but today she_(have)it at 8:00 a.m. 9.They_(have)a good time at the party last night. 10.-How many students_(be)there in your class?-There_(be)45. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last Sunday,my family and I 1.-(be)very busy.In the morning,my father 2.-(have)a meeting at his office,so he 3._(leave)home early.My mother and I 4.-(go)to the supermarket.There 5.-(be)many people there.We 6.(buy)some vegetables and fruit.I wanted to buy a toy car,but my mother said we 7.-(not have)enough money.In the afternoon,we 8.-(visit)my grandparents.They 9.-(be)very happy to see us.My grandma 10.-(cook)a big dinner for us.We had a great day! 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.C2.B3.B4.B5.A6.A7.B8.C9.A10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.is 2.don't have 3.had 4.Were 5.weren't 6.Does;have;does 7.were;aren't 8.has;had 9.had 10.are;are 演练三：语法填空 1.were 2.had 3.left 4.went 5.were 6.bought 7.didn't have 8.visited 9.were 10.cooked 初一上|英语|冀教版