可数名词和不可数名词-备战2025-2026学年七年级英语上学期期末语法全解（冀教版）

ENGLISH-初一系列资料（冀教版） Chapter1可数名词和不可数名词 考频分析 可数名词和不可数名词是中考英语词法的基础模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷多个核心题 型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(23题)、语法填空(23题)、书面表达（基础考察，影响名词与冠 词、数量词搭配的准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，可数名词的单复数变化及不可数名词的量化表达往往 是解题关键。 考查内容 中考对可数名词和不可数名词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·名词分类辨析：可数名词单复数形式规则（加s/s、不规则变化）与不可数名词的基本特征（无复数形 式、表量需用量词)： ·限定词搭配：不定冠词aan、基数词、many/few与可数名词的搭配，以及定冠词the、some/any、much/little 与不可数名词的搭配规则； ·语境中的应用：根据语境判断名词可数性，选择正确的数形式及搭配词（如'"two books”与”a piece of advice")。 精讲精练 知识点一：可数名词和不可数名词 ·1.可数名词（可计数，有单复数形式） -规则变化：一般加-s(books)、以sx/sh/ch结尾加-es(boxes/watches)、辅音+y结尾变y为i加-es (babies) -不规则变化：man→men(男人)、child→children(孩子)、mouse.→mice(老鼠) -例句：口I have three apples.(apple为可数名词，复数加-s)口There are five women in the room. (woman复数为不规则变化women) ·2.不可数名词（不可直接计数，无复数形式） -常见类型：物质名词(water水milk牛奶)、抽象名词(happiness幸福knowledge知识)、学科名词 (math数学history历史) -量的表达：需借助量词短语(a cup of tea一杯茶two bottles of juice两瓶果汁) -例句：She drinks a glass of water every morning.(water不可数，用”a glass of"修饰)口Ne learn English and music at school..(English和music为不可数名词，无复数) ·3.数量修饰词的使用 -修饰可数名词：many(许多)、few(很少)、afew(一些)、several(几个)→例句：There are many students in the classroom. -修饰不可数名词：much(许多)、little(很少)、a little(一些)、some(一些)→例句：There is little milk in the fridge. -修饰两者均可：some(一些)、any(任何)、all(所有)→例句：I need some books and some paper. 【即学即练】 1.【名词分类】"”milk”属于什么类型的名词？ A.可数名词 B.不可数名词 C.专有名词 D.集体名词 2.【可数名词单复数】请写出"baby”的复数形式： 3.【不可数名词量化】”juce”是不可数名词，如何表示”四瓶果汁”？ A.four juice B.four bottles of juice C.four juices D.four bottle of juice 4.【数量修饰词】以下哪个词可修饰不可数名词？ A.many B.few C.much D.several 5.【名词辨析】”advice”是不可数名词，如何表示”一条建议”？ A.a advice B.an advice C.a piece of advice D.one advice 初一|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（冀教版） 知识点二：可数名词和不可数名词 ·1.定义与区分 1.可数名词：可以计数、有单复数形式的名词。特点：能直接用数词修饰（如one book,two apples), 复数形式通常加-s(books)、-es(boxes)或特殊变化(men,children)。 2.不可数名词：无法直接计数、没有复数形式的名词。特点：不能直接用数词修饰，表达数量时需借助 “数词+量词+of”结构（如a cup oftea,two bottles of water)。 ·2.常见类别及举例 1.可数名词 -普通物品：book(书)、pen(钢笔)、desk(书桌)、apple(苹果)、student(学生) -集体名词（可表单数/复数）：amily(家庭/家人)、class(班级同学) -例句：There are three books on the desk.(桌上有三本书)；Her family are watching TV.(她的家 人正在看电视) 2.不可数名词 -物质名词：water(水)、milk(牛奶)、rice(米饭)、paper(纸)、money(钱) -抽象名词：love(爱)、happiness(幸福)、time(时间)、knowledge(知识) -例句：I need a glass of water..(我需要一杯水)；Time is important.(时间很重要) ·3.数量表达方法 1.可数名词 -单数：a/an+名词(a student,an egg) -复数：数词+名词复数(five dogs);some/many/few+名词复数(some pens,many friends,few books) 2.不可数名词 -单数（无复数）：some/much/little+名词(some milk,much rain,little money) -数量短语：数词+量词(piece,cup,bottle等)+of+名词(two pieces of paper,three cups of coffee -例句：He bought two boxes of apples.(他买了两箱苹果)；She drank three cups of tea.(她喝了 三杯茶) ·4.主谓一致原则 1.可数名词作主语时，谓语动词单复数与名词一致。例句：The boy is reading.(单数主语，用is);The boys are playing.(复数主语，用are) 2.不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：Water is necessary for life.(不可数名词water, 用is);This news is good.(不可数名词news,用is) 3.数量短语作主语时，谓语动词单复数与量词一致。例句：A piece of bread is on the plate.(量词piece 是单数，用is);Two bottles of juice are in the fridge.(量词bottles是复数，用are) 知识点三：可数名词和不可数名词 ·1.易混淆名词及区分技巧 一常见易混淆词（可数不可数）： 1.fish(鱼，可数/鱼肉，不可数)→例句：I caught three fish yesterday..(3条鱼)；I like eating fish. (鱼肉) 2.paper(报纸/论文，可数/纸，不可数)→例句：He bought two papers.(两份报纸)；Can you give me a piece of paper?(一张纸) 3.room(房间，可数空间，不可数)→例句：There are three rooms in the house.(3个房间)；ls there enough room for us？(足够空间) 一区分技巧： *能“一分为二仍叫原名”为不可数（如water分两半还是water) *能直接用“数字+名词”为可数（如two books正确，two rices错误） ·2.数量修饰词易错点对比 -易混修饰词辨析： 1.many/much:many+可数复数(many students),much+不可数(much homework)→例句： There are many trees but much sand in the desert. 2.few/little:few+可数复数（表否定，few friends),little+-不可数（表否定，little time)→例句：He has few pens and little ink. 3.a few/a little:afew+可数复数（表肯定，a few apples),a little+不可数（表肯定，a little milk)→ 例句：I have a few books and a little water.. 4.some/any:some用于肯定句(some cakes),any用于否定/疑问句(any questions?)→例句：I have some money but not any coins. ·3.主谓一致特殊情况 一集体名词主谓一致： 1.表整体（单数）：The family is big.(这个家庭很大) 2.表成员（复数）：The family are having dinner.(家人在吃饭) -数量短语作主语： 1.单数量词+of+不可数名词：A bottle of water is on the table 2.复数量词+of+可数/不可数名词：Three boxes of apples are red.(三箱苹果是红色的)；Two cups of tea are hot..(两杯茶是热的) -特殊不可数名词： *看似可数实为不可数：news(新闻，The news is good),advice(建议，a piece of advice) *看似不可数实为可数：hamburger(汉堡，two hamburgers),salad(沙拉，two salads指两份沙拉) 初一|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（冀教版） 考法一：可数名词与不可数名词的基本区分 ·核心：根据名词是否可直接计数及是否有复数形式，判断其为可数名词或不可数名词 ·真题1（语法填空）： There are two_(book)on the desk. -答案：books解析：book为可数名词，由数词”two”可知需用复数形式，规则变化加-s,故填books。. ·真题2（单项选择）： I need_water to drink. A.a B.an C.two D.some -答案：D解析：water是不可数名词，不能直接用a/an或数词修饰，some可修饰不可数名词表示“一 些”，故选D。 考法二：可数与不可数名词的数量表达及修饰词辨析 ·核心：根据名词类别（可数不可数），选择正确的数量表达结构和修饰词 ·真题1（语法填空）： There are(few/little)books on the shelf,but there is_(many/much)information on the computer. -答案：few much解析：books为可数名词复数，用few修饰；information为不可数名词，用much修 饰。 ·真题2（单项选择）： My mother bought two_of this morning. A.box apple B.boxes apple C.boxes apples D.box apples 一答案：C解析：box为可数名词，two后接复数boxes;apple为可数名词，“两箱苹果”中apple用 复数apples. 考法三：可数名词与不可数名词的综合运用及主谓一致 ·核心：结合名词的可数性区分、数量表达方法及主谓一致原则，判断名词形式及谓语动词单复数 ·真题1（单项选择）： How many_do we need for the party? A.bread B.milk C.apple D.bottles of juice -答案：D解析：how many修饰可数名词复数，A、B为不可数名词，C为可数名词单数，D中bottles 为可数名词复数，符合语法要求。 ·真题2（语法填空）： There_(be)some_(water)and three_(box)of_(egg)on the table. -答案：is water boxes eggs解析：there be句型遵循就近原则，some water为不可数名词，be动词 用is;water为不可数名词无复数；box的复数为boxes;egg为可数名词，three boxes of后接可数 名词复数eggs。 解题小妙招 可数不可数妙招 区分名纪要牢记，可数能数有复数； 不可数名难计数，没有复数别加s; 修饰词要配对好，few many找可数； little much不可数，some既把两者包； 主谓一致看主语，不可数名用单数； 就近原则there be,复数名词跟着are; 综合运用别慌张，先判类别再下笔。 初一|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（冀教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.There are five_in the classroom. A.student B.students C.milk D.water 2.I want to buy_for my mother. A.a flower B.two flower C.some flower D.a flowers 3.We need _rice for dinner. A.a B.an C.three D.some 4.How many_do you have? A.book B.books C.bread D.juice 5.There is _on the table. A.two cups oftea B.three apples C.a glass of water D.four pens 6.My father has_friends in Beijing. A.much B.little C.many D.any 7.She doesn't have_money with her. A.some B.any C.many D.afew 8.The_are playing football in the park. A.child B.children C.family D.class 9._is important for everyone A.Time B.Times C.A time D.Two times 10.There_two bottles of milk in the fridge. A.is B.are C.am D.be 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.There are three-(pen)on the desk. 2.I need a_(glass)of water. 3.She has two(child)in her family. 4.How many_(box)do you need? 5.There is some_(bread)on the plate. 6.My mother bought five_(apple)this morning. 7.We have _(many)friends in our school. 8.He drinks two_(bottle)of juice every day. 9.There are_(few)books in the old library. 10.She needs a_(piece)of paper to write. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） It is Sunday today.My family and I are going to the park.My father buys three_(ticket)for us.On the way,I see some_(bird)in the tree.My mother wants to take some_(photo),so she brings a camera. When we arrive,there are many-(people)in the park.Some children are playing with-(ball).A girl is eating a_(hamburger),and a boy is drinking a_(cup)of cola.My brother likes reading,so he takes two (book)with him.We also bring some_(food)and_(water)for lunch.We have a happy day! 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.A3.D4.B5.C6.C7.B8.B9.A10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.pens 2.glass 3.children 4.boxes 5.bread 6.apples 7.many 8.bottles 9.few 10.piece 演练三：语法填空 1.tickets 2.birds 3.photos 4.people 5.balls 6.hamburger 7.cup 8.books 9.food 10.water 初一|英语|冀教版