全时态和被动语态系统复习-备战2025-2026学年九年级英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教牛津版）

ENGLISH初三上系列资料（沪教牛津版） Chapter1全时态和被动语态系统复习 考频分析 全时态和被动语态是中考英语语法的核心模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单 项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-4题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子时态准确性与语态 合理性。在语境理解类题目中，时态的时间状语提示、动词时态变化及被动语态的结构与逻辑往往是解题 关键。 考查内容 中考对动词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·动词分类应用：系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词的辨析与功能； ·时态与语态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完 成时、过去将来时的基本结构与语境匹配，主动语态与被动语态的转换； ·非谓语动词：todo、doig、do的固定搭配与句法功能（作宾语、宾语补足语、定语等）。 精讲精练 知识点一：全时态与被动语态基础 ·1.一般现在时的被动语态 -结构：主语+am/is/are+及物动词过去分词 -例句：口English is spoken by many people.(主语为不可数名词，be动词用is)·These books are kept in the library.(主语为复数，be动词用are) ·2.一般过去时的被动语态 -结构：主语+was/were+及物动词过去分词 -例句：The letter was written yesterday.(主语为单数，be动词用was)The trees were planted last spring.(主语为复数，be动词用were) ·3.一般将来时的被动语态 -结构：主语+will be+及物动词过去分词/主语+am/is/are going to be+及物动词过去分词 -例句：口A new hospital will be built here next year.(will be结构)口The homework is going to be finished soon.(be going to be结构) ·4.现在进行时的被动语态 -结构：主语+am/is/are+being+及物动词过去分词 -例句：口The room is being cleaned now.(主语为单数，be动词用is)The problems are being discussed by the teachers.(主语为复数，be动词用are)】 ·5.现在完成时的被动语态 -结构：主语+have/has+been+及物动词过去分词 -例句：The work has been done already.(主语为不可数名词，助动词用has)口These photos have been taken by my father.(主语为复数，助动词用have) ·6.情态动词的被动语态 -结构：主语+情态动词(can/may/must/should等)+be+及物动词过去分词 -例句：☐This book can be borrowed from the library..(can表许可)口The rules must be followed by everyone.(must表必须) 【即学即练】 1.【一般现在时被动语态】English_(speak)by many people around the world. 2.【一般过去时被动语态】The letter_(write)by my brother yesterday. 3.【一般将来时被动语态】A new hospital_(build)here next year, 4.【情态动词被动语态】This book_(can borrow)from the library. 5.【现在完成时被动语态】These photos_(take)by my father since2018. 初三上丨英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH初三上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 知识点二：易错时态和被动语态难点 ·1.现在完成时vs一般过去时（时间标志与影响差异） -口关键区别 *现在完成时：强调动作对现在的影响或持续到现在，时间标志词不具体（如already/yet/.for+时间 段) *一般过去时：仅表示过去发生的动作，时间标志词具体（如yesterday/in2020) 一·对比例句 *现在完成时：She has lived in Beijing since2018.(2018年至今仍住在北京) *一般过去时：She lived in Beijing in2018.(2018年住过，现在可能不住) -口被动语态对比 *现在完成时被动：This song has been heard many times.(“听过”对现在的影响：熟悉这首歌) *一般过去时被动：This song was heard on the radio yesterday.(仅说明昨天发生的动作) ·2.被动语态的特殊结构（含情态动词与不及物动词）》 一口情态动词的被动语态 *结构：主语+情态动词(can/may/must/should)+be+动词过去分词 *例句： The room must be cleaned every day.(must be+cleaned) This book can be borrowed from the library.(can be+borrowed) -口不及物动词的被动语态（需加介词） *结构：主语+be+动词过去分词+介词(by短语可省略) *例句： ·A meeting will be held in the hall..(hold是及物动词，直接用被动) ·His grandparents were looked after by him.(look after是固定搭配，被动保留介词after) ·3.过去进行时Vs一般过去时（动作持续性对比） -口关键区别 *过去进行时：过去某时刻正在进行的持续性动作 *一般过去时：过去发生的短暂性动作或状态 -口时间标志对比 *过去进行时：at9 last night/when+短暂性动词（如When the rain started) *一般过去时：at9 last night(若强调动作已结束，用一般过去时) -口被动语态对比 *过去进行时被动：Dinner was being cooked by mom when I got home.(“我到家时”妈妈正在做 饭) *一般过去时被动：Dinner was cooked by mom at6p.m.(妈妈在6点做了饭，已完成) ·4.现在完成时的“for/since”用法（持续性动词vs短暂性动词） -口持续性动词可直接用for/since *例句：He has studied English for3 years.(study是持续性动词) 一口短暂性动词需转换为持续性动词 *常见转换：buy-have;borrow-→keep;die-be dead;leave→be away *例句： ·错误：He has bought this bike for2 years. ·正a确：He has had this bike for2 years.(buy-have) -口被动语态转换 *例句：This magazine has been kept by her for a week.(borrow-keep的被动：be kept) ·5.将来时的被动语态(will vs be going to) -0结构对比 *will be done:表示客观将来或临时决定 *be going to be done:表示计划好的将来 -·例句 *The sports meeting will be held next month.(官方通知，客观将来) *A party is going to be held in our class.(班级已计划好) 知识点三：被动语态 ·1.一般现在时被动语态 一基础结构（中考必背）： *主语+am/is/are+过去分词 -☐am+过去分问例句：i am asked to help with the project -口is+过去分词→例句：The book is written by a famous writer. -口are+过去分词→例句：These flowers are watered every morning. 一特殊句式（中考易错）： *口主动句变被动句（人称转换）→原句：People speak English all over the world.被动句：English is spoken all over the world. *O带双宾语的被动→例句：She is given a new bike by her father.(间接宾语作主语)/A new bike is given to her by her father.(直接宾语作主语) ·2.一般过去时被动语态 一基础结构（中考必背）： *主语+was/were+过去分词 -☐was+过去分词→例句：The letter was sent yesterday -were+过去分词→例句：The windows were cleaned this morning, -时间标志词（中考常考）： *☐yesterday→例句：The meeting was held yesterday. *口last week→例句：A new library was built last week, *☐in2020→例句：This bridge was finished in2020, ·3.一般将来时被动语态 一基础结构（中考必背）： *主语+will be+过去分词/主语+am/is./are going to be+过去分词 -☐will be+过去分词→例句：A new hospital will be built next year. -口am going to be+过去分词→例句：I am going to be invited to the party.. -口is going to be+过去分词→例句：The problem is going to be solved soon. -口are going to be+过去分词→例句：These books are going to be donated to the school. -常见提示词（中考易错）： *口tomorrow→例句：The game will be played tomorrow. *口next month→例句：A concert is going to be held next month, *口in the future→例句：More trees will be planted in the future. ·4.情态动词被动语态 一基础结构（中考必背）： *主语+情态动词(can/may/must/should)+be+过去分词 -☐can be+过去分词→例句：This work can be finished in an hour. -口may be+过去分词→例句：The book may be borrowed from the library,. -口must be+过去分词→例句：Rules must be followed by everyone. -☐should be+过去分词→例句：Your homework should be handed in on time. -否定形式（中考核心）： *口can'tbe+过去分词→例句：This mistake can't be made again. *口shouldn'tbe+过去分词→例句：Loud music shouldn't be played at night. 初三上丨英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH-初三上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 考法一：被动语态基本结构辨析 ·核心：根据主语单复数和时态要求，选择正确的be动词形式及动词过去分词搭配 ·真题1（语法填空）： English_(speak)by many people around the world. -答案：is spoken解析：主语English为不可数名词，描述客观事实用一般现在时被动语态，结构为 “主语+is+过去分词”，speak的过去分词为spoken。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -The letter_by my brother yesterday. A.was written B.is written C.will be written D.has been written -答案：A解析：由时间标志词“yesterday”可知用一般过去时被动语态，主语the letter为单数，结构 为“主语+was+过去分词”，write的过去分词为written。 考法二：被动语态与时态结合 ·核心：根据时间标志词或语境，判断被动动作的时态，选择正确的被动结构 ·真题1（语法填空）： -A new school(build)in our city last year. -答案：was built解析：由时间标志词“last year'”可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态； 主语为单数，be动词用was,build的过去分词为built。 ·真题2（单项选择）： These books_from the library for two weeks. A.have borrowed B.have been kept C.were borrowed D.will be kept -答案：B解析：由时间标志词“for two weeks”可知，动作持续到现在，用现在完成时；borrow为短 暂性动词，需转换为持续性动词keep,其被动语态为have been kept。 考法三：时态与被动语态综合应用 ·核心：结合时间标志词和语境，区分不同时态的被动语态结构，掌握短暂性动词与持续性动词在现在完 成时被动中的转换 ·真题1（单项选择）： -These photos_by my sister since 2019.She loves taking pictures. A.take B.took C.have been taken D.were taken 一答案：C解析：主语“these photos'”是动作“take”的承受者，需用被动语态；由时间标志词“since 2019”可知，用现在完成时被动语态，结构为“have been+过去分词”，take的过去分词为taken。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -A new bridge(build)here next year.Many people are looking forward to it. -答案：will be built解析：主语“a new bridge”是动作build”的承受者，用被动语态；由时间标志 词“next year'”可知，用一般将来时被动语态，此处表客观将来，用“will be+过去分词”结构，build 的过去分词为buit。 初三上」英语沪教牛津版 ENGLISH-初三上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.The Great Wall_by millions of tourists every year. A.visits B.is visited C.visited D.will be visited 2.The meeting_at 3 p.m.yesterday afternoon. A.is held B.was held C.will be held D.has been held 3.A new park_in our neighborhood next month. A.builds B.is built C.will be built D.has been built 4.These books __from the library for over a week. A.have borrowed B.have been kept C.were borrowed D.will be kept 5.My homework-before I went out to play. A.was finished B.is finished C.will be finished D.has been finished 6.The classroomby the students now. A.cleans B.is cleaning C.is being cleaned D.cleaned 7.This problemby our teacher tomorrow. A.is explained B.was explained C.will be explained D.has been explained 8.You to take photos in the museum.It's not allowed. A.don't allow B.aren't allowed C.didn't allow D.won't allow 9.When I arrived home,dinner-by my mother. A.cooks B.is cooked C.was being cooked D.has cooked 10.The old house _since 2005. A.is built B.was built C.has been built D.will be built 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.English_(speak)in many countries. 2.The letter(write)by my father yesterday. 3.A new hospital_(build)here next year. 4.The room_(clean)by my sister now. 5.These photos_(take)by my brother since 2018. 6.The rules-(must follow)by everyone. 7.This book_(can borrow)from the library. 8.The meeting _(hold)in the hall last week. 9.The flowers(water)by my grandmother every morning. 10.The work_(finish)before 5 p.m.yesterday. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Every year,millions of plastic bottles_(throw)away around the world.Most of them-(not recycle)and end up in oceans or landfills.To solve this problem,a new project_(start)last month in our city.People -(ask)to collect plastic bottles and bring them to special recycling centers.So far,over 10,000 bottles (collect). Next month,a workshop_(hold)to teach students how to reuse plastic waste.A local artist_(invite)to show us how to make art from plastic bottles.By the end of this year,it is hoped that more than 50,000 bottles _(recycle) Plastic pollution_(become)a serious problem,but with our efforts,it _(control)in the future. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.B3.C4.B5.A6.C7.C8.B9.C10.C 演练二：填空试题 1.is spoken 2.was written 3.will be built 4.is being cleaned 5.have been taken 6.must be followed 7.can be borrowed 8.was held 9.are watered 10.was finished 演练三：语法填空 1.are thrown 2.are not recycled 3.was started 4.are asked 5.have been collected 6.will be held 7.will be invited 8.will have been recycled 9.has become 10.will be controlled 初三上」英语|沪教牛津版