动词不定式在句中的多种成分应用-备战2025-2026学年九年级英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教牛津版）

ENGLISH-初三上系列资料（沪教牛津版） Chapter1动词不定式在句中的多种成分应用 考频分析 动词不定式是中考英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选 择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-4题)、语法填空(23题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子结构与表达逻 辑)。在语境理解类题目中，动词不定式的句法功能（如作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语等）及固定 搭配往往是解题关键。 考查内容 中考对动词不定式的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·句法成分功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的基本结构与辨识； ·固定搭配与句式：”疑问词+todo”结构、"t作形式主语/宾语+todo”句式及高频动词固定搭配； ·语境语义辨析：不定式的主动表被动用法、省略o的特殊情况及与动名词的语义区别。 精讲精练 知识点一：动词不定式在句中的多种成分应用 ·作主语（表示具体动作或一件事） -结构：To do sth.+谓语动词（常用单数） -例句：口To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要)口To help others makes him happy.. (帮助别人使他快乐) ·作宾语（跟在及物动词后，表动作内容） -常见动词：want(想要)、decide(决定)、hope(希望)、learn(学习)、try(尝试) -例句：口She wants to buy a new dress.(她想买一条新裙子)口They decided to visit the museum (他们决定参观博物馆) ·作表语（位于系动词后，说明主语的内容或性质） -常见系动词：be、seem、appear、,become -例句：口Her dream is to be a teacher.(她的梦想是成为一名老师)The most important thing is to stay healthy.(最重要的是保持健康) ·作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态） -常见动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教)、help(帮助，to可省) -例句：口My mother asks me to clean my room.(妈妈让我打扫房间)口He helped me(to)carry the box.(他帮我搬箱子) ·作定语（修饰名词，位于名词后，表“要做的事”或“用途”） -结构：名词+to do sth -例句：☐I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做)口She needs a pen to write with.(她 需要一支笔写字) ·作状语（表示目的、原因、结果等，常用“todo”表目的）》 -表目的：He got up early to catch the bus.(他早起是为了赶公交车) -表结果：She was too tired to walk.(她太累了走不动了) 【即学即练】 1.【不定式作主语】 is important to learn English well. A.That B.It C.This D.What 2.【不定式作宾补】The teacher let us一(clean)the classroom after school.. 3.【不定式作定语】I have a lot of homework一(do)this evening, 4.【不定式作状语】He got up early_catch the first bus. A.to B.for C.of D.so 5.【不定式作表语】Her dream is_a doctor in the future. A.be B.tobe C.being D.been 初三上丨英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH-初三上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 知识点二：动词不定式在句中的多种成分应用 ·作主语（表示具体动作或一件事） -结构：To+动词原形+其他成分（通常用t作形式主语，将不定式后置） 一例句： *口To learn English well is important..(不定式直接作主语，意为“学好英语很重要”) *口It is important to learn English well.(it作形式主语，真正主语是to learn English well) ·作宾语（跟在某些及物动词后，表动作内容） -常接不定式的动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、plan(计划)、decide(决定)、try(尝试)、learn (学习) 一结构：主语+动词+to+动词原形+其他 一例句： *She wants to buy a new pen.(want to do sth.想要做某事；to buy作宾语) *口They plan to visit the museum tomorrow.(plan to do sth.计划做某事；to visit作宾语) ·作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态） -常接不定式作宾补的动词：tell(告诉)、ask(要求)、want(想要)、teach(教)、help(帮助，可省 to)、let(让，省to)、make(使，省to) -结构：主语+动词+宾语+to+动词原形(let/make等后to省略)+其他 一例句： *☐My mother tells me to finish homework first..(tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人敝某事；to finish作宾 补) *The teacher lets us read English every morning.(let sb.do sth.让某人做某事；read前省略to, 作宾补) ·作表语（放在系动词后，说明主语的内容或性质） -结构：主语+be动词(amis/are/was/were)+to+动词原形+其他 一例句： *口Her dream is to be a doctor..(to be a doctor作表语，说明“梦想”的内容) *口The first step is to open the door..(to open the door作表语，说明“第一步”是什么) ·作定语（修饰名词，放在名词后，表动作或用途） 一结构：被修饰名词+to+动词原形+其他 -例句： *☐I have a lot of homework to do.(todo修饰homework,表“要做的作业”) *口She needs a pen to write with.(to write with修饰pen,表“用来写字的笔”；write是不及物动 词，需加with) ·作状语（表目的、结果、原因等，常用目的状语） 一表目的：t和+动词原形（可放句首或句中，句首时加逗号） 一例句： *口He gets up early to catch the bus.(to catch the bus作目的状语，意为“为了赶公交车”) *To improve his health,he exercises every day..(句首表目的，意为“为了改善健康") 知识点三：动词不定式在句中的成分功能 ·作主语 一基础用法（中考基础）： *口To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要。) *To help others makes him happy.(帮助别人使他快乐。) -形式主语结构（中考高频）： *口lt's necessary to finish homework on time.(按时完成作业是必要的。) *口It takes me an hour to get to school.(我花一小时到学校。) ·作宾语 一及物动词后接不定式（中考必背）： *口want to do→She wants to buy a new book.(她想买一本新书。) *口decide to do,They decide to visit the museum.(他们决定参观博物馆。) *口hope to do→I hope to travel to Beijing.(我希望去北京旅行。) *☐plan to do→We plan to have a picnic.(我们计划去野餐。) *口learn to do→He learns to swim this summer.(他今年夏天学游泳。) ·作宾语补足语 -常见动词搭配（中考核心）： *口ask sb.todo→My teacher asks me to read aloud..(老师让我大声朗读。) *口tell sb.todo→Mom tells me to brush teeth twice a day.(妈妈告诉我每天刷两次牙。) *口want sb.todo→I want you to help me with math.(我想要你帮我学数学。) *口teach sb.todo→He teaches his brother to ride a bike.(他教弟弟骑自行车。) *口allow sb.todo→The school allows students to wear sports shoes.(学校允许学生穿运动鞋。) ·作表语 -be动词后接不定式（中考基础）： *口Her dream is to be a doctor..(她的梦想是成为一名医生。) *The first step is to make a plan.(第一步是制定计划。) *口My job is to help students learn.(我的工作是帮助学生学习。) ·作定语 -修饰名词（中考常考）： *口I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做。) *口She needs a pen to write with.(她需要一支钢笔写字。) *口There is no time to wait.(没有时间等待了。) ·作状语 -表目的结果原因（中考易错）： *口To catch the early bus,he gets up at6a.m.(为了赶上早班车，他早上6点起床。)（目的） *口He ran fast to get the first prize.(他跑得很快，为了获得一等奖。)（目的） *口She was surprised to hear the news.(听到这个消息，她很惊讶。)（原因） *口He worked hard enough to pass the exam.(他努力学习，结果通过了考试。)（结果） 初三上丨英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH-初三上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 考法一：动词不定式作主语 ·核心：识别不定式直接作主语或“t作形式主语+不定式后置”的结构，判断句子语法正确性 ·真题1（语法填空）： --is important to learn English well. 一答案：t解析：根据知识点二，不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语，真正主语“to learn English well'” 后置，故填t。 ·真题2（单项选择）： --play football with us this afternoon? A.To B.It C.It's D.To do 一答案：A解析：根据知识点一，不定式直接作主语表示具体动作，句意为“今天下午和我们踢足球怎 么样”，用“To play'”直接作主语，故选A。 考法二：动词不定式作宾语补足语的省to情况辨析 ·核心：根据谓语动词类型，判断宾语补足语中不定式符号to”是否需要省略 ·真题1（语法填空）： The teacher let us_(clean)the classroom after school. -答案：clean解析：let为使役动词，后接不定式作宾语补足语时需省略to,故填动词原形clean。 ·真题2（单项选择）： My mother always tells me_too much time playing video games. A.not to spend B.not spend C.to not spend D.not spending -答案：A解析：tel后接不定式作宾语补足语时需带to,否定形式为"not to do”,故选A。 考法三：动词不定式在复杂句式中的成分综合判断 ·核心：结合形式主语、省to情况及多成分辨析，判断动词不定式在复合句中的具体语法功能 ·真题1（单项选择）： It is necessary for us_English well.We need more practice_it every day. A.learning;speaking B.to learn;to speak C.to learn;speaking D.learn;speak -答案：B解析：第一空考查不定式作主语(it作形式主语)，结构为”tis+adj.+for sb.to do sth.”,需用 to learn;第二空考查不定式作目的状语，”need..to do sth.”表示”需要…做某事”，需用to speak。 ·真题2（语法填空）： My teacher always tells us_(read)more books.I have many storybooks_(read)this holiday.To improve my writing,I plan_(keep)a diary every day. -答案：to read;to read;to keep解析：第一空考查不定式作宾语补足语(tell sb.to do sth.),填to read;第二空考查不定式作定语（名词+todo结构），填to read;第三空考查不定式作宾语(plan to do sth.),填to keep. 初三上丨英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH初三上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.It is important for us_English every day. A.learn B.to learn C.learning D.learned 2.My father asked metoo much time on computer games. A.not to spend B.not spend C.to not spend D.not spending 3.She needs a pen_with in the exam. A.write B.writing C.to write D.wrote 4.The teacher let us _the text after class A.reading B.to read C.read D.reads 5.He got up early_catch the first bus. A.so B.to C.for D.of 6.Her dream is_a doctor in the future. A.be B.tobe C.being D.been 7.I have a lot of homeworkthis evening. A.do B.doing C.to do D.did 8.It takes me two hours_my homework every day. A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished 9.My mother often tells me_careful when crossing the street. A.be B.tobe C.being D.been 10.He decided_to the Great Wall with his friends next week. A.go B.togo C.going D.went 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.I want_(buy)a new bike for my brother. 2.The little girl is too young_(go)to school 3.My teacher asked me_(clean)the blackboard just now. 4.We plan_(visit)the museum next Sunday. 5.He is old enough_(look)after himself. 6.My parents hope-(travel)to Beijing next year. 7.The workers need a new machine _(finish)the work quickly. 8.She was surprised_(hear)the good news. 9.Let me(help)you with your English. 10.He works hard_(pass)the exam. 演练三：语法填空试题（共0空） It is important for students 1_(learn)English well.Many students want 2_(improve)their English,but they don't know how 3_(do)it.Here are some good ways.First,you should try 4(read)English books every day.It is a good idea 5(choose)books that are easy for you.Second,you need 6_(listen)to English songs and watch English movies.This can help you 7(improve)your listening and speaking skills.Third,you should practice 8_(write)English diaries.It is necessary 9(keep)doing this every day.Finally,don't be afraid 10(speak)English in front of others.Remember,practice makes perfect. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.A3.C4.C5.B6.B7.C8.B9.B10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.to buy 2.to go 3.to clean 4.to visit 5.to look 6.to travel 7.to finish 8.to hear 9.help 10.to pass 演练三：语法填空 1.to learn 2.to improve 3.to do 4.to read 5.to choose 6.to listen 7.(to)improve 8.to write 9.to keep 10.to speak 初三上丨英语|沪教牛津版