定语从句-备战2025-2026学年九年级英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教牛津版）

ENGLISH初三上系列资料（沪教牛津版） Chapter1定语从句 考频分析 定语从句是中考英语句法的重要模块，考频占句法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句，间接影响答题效率）。在 语境理解类题目中，定语从句的关系代词、关系副词选择及限制性与非限制性定语从句的区分往往是解题 关键。 考查内容 中考对定语从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·关系代词与关系副词：that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why的指代对象与句法功能 辨析； ·限定性与非限定性定语从句：结构特征（逗号使用）、语义差异及适用语境； ·特殊用法：“介词+关系代词”结构、关系代词省略规则、as引导定语从句的固定搭配（如such.as, the same..as)。 精讲精练 知识点一：定语从句的构成及基础用法 ·定义（修饰名词代词，作定语） 一作用：限定或修饰先行词（被修饰的名词代词），说明其性质、特征或具体信息 -例句：口This is the book that I bought yesterday..(修饰先行词the book,说明“我昨天买的”书)口 The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.(修饰先行词the girl,描述“穿红裙子的”女孩) ·构成要素（先行词+关系词+从句） -先行词：被修饰的名词/代词（人物/时间/地点/原因）→例句：I like the teacher(先行词)who teaches us math 一关系词：连接主句和从句，指代先行词并在从句中作成分（主语宾语定语状语） *指人：who(主/宾)、whom(宾)、whose(定语)→例句：口The boy who helped me is Tom.(who 作从句主语)口The man whom you met yesterday is my father..(whom作从句宾语，可省略)D This is the student whose pen was lost..(whose作从句定语，表“.…的”) *指物：which(主/宾)、that(主/宾)→例句：口The car which is red belongs to my uncle..(which 作从句主语)口This is the story(that)I told you before.(that作从句宾语，可省略) *指时间地点原因：when(时间状语)、where(地点状语)、why(原因状语)→例句：口I remember the day when we first met.(when作时间状语)口This is the park where we played last Sunday.. (where作地点状语)口The reason why he was late is unknown.(why作原因状语) ·关系词的省略（宾语可省，主语不可省） -当关系词在从句中作宾语时可省略→例句：The book(that/which)I read yesterday is interesting. (省略作宾语的that/which)口The girl(whom)you saw just now is my cousin.(省略作宾语的whom) -当关系词在从句中作主语时不可省略→例句：口The student who is standing there is from China. (who作主语，不可省略)口This is the bag which was lost.(which作主语，不可省略) 初三上|英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH初三上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 知识点二：定语从句基础及分类 ·定义与基本结构（修饰名词代词的从句） -口构成要素：先行词（被修饰的名词代词）+关系词（连接主句和从句，指代先行词）+从句（完整 的句子结构，缺少被关系词替代的成分) -☐关系词分类：关系代词(who/whom/which/that/whose)、关系副词(when/where/why) -例句： *口This is the girl who helped me.(先行词the girl,关系代词who指代人，在从句中作主语) *☐The book which you lent me is interesting.(先行词the book,.关系代词which指代物，在从句 中作宾语) ·关系代词的用法（指代人物，作主语宾语定语） -口who(指代人，作主语/宾语，宾语可省略)》 -例句：The boy who is running is my brother.(作主语，不可省略) -口whom(指代人，仅作宾语，可省略或用who替换) -例句：The teacher(whom/who)we met yesterday is kind.(作宾语，可省略) -口which(指代物，作主语宾语，宾语可省略) -例句：The pen which is on the desk is mine.(作主语)/I lost the key(which)I bought yesterday..(作 宾语，可省略) -口that(指代人物，作主语/宾语，宾语可省略，避免与先行词重复) -例句：He is the man that I saw.(指代人，作宾语)/This is the bag that I need.(指代物，作宾语) -口whose(指代人物的“.…的”，作定语，不可省略) -例句：I know the girl whose father is a doctor.(指代人的定语)This is the house whose windows are broken.(指代物的定语) ·关系副词的用法（指代时间地点原因，作状语） -when(指代时间，相当于“介词+which”,在从句中作时间状语) -例句：I still remember the day when we first met.(=on which) -口where(指代地点，相当于“介词+which”,在从句中作地点状语) -例句：This is the school where I studied.(=in which) -口why(指代原因，相当于“for which”,在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常为reason) -例句：Tell me the reason why you were late.(=for which) ·限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句（初中核心区分） 一口限制性：修饰先行词，不可省略，无逗号隔开，关系代词作宾语可省略 一例句：Students who work hard will succeed.(去掉从句后意思不完整) -口非限制性：补充说明先行词，可省略，有逗号隔开，关系代词不可省略，不用hat -例句：My brother,,who is a teacher,lives in Beijing.(去掉从句后意思仍完整) 知识点三：定语从句拓展用法与易错点 ·关系代词引导的定语从句 一基础用法拓展（中考必背）： *口who(指人，作主语/宾语)→例句：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister..(作主语) *口whom(指人，作宾语)→例句：The boy whom you met yesterday is from England.(作宾语) *口which(指物，作主语/宾语)→例句：This is the book which I bought last week.(作宾语) *口that(指人物，作主语/宾语，可替代who/whom/which)→例句：He is the man that helped me. (指人，作主语)This is the pen that I lost..(指物，作宾语) *口hose(指人物，作定语，表“.…的”)→例句：Do you know the girl whose hair is black?(指 人)/This is the house whose windows are broken.(指物) 一特殊用法（中考易错）： *口先行词为不定代词(something/nothing/everything等)时，用that不用which→例句：I have something that you need. *口先行词被最高级/序数词修饰时，用that不用which→例句：This is the best film that I have ever seen *口先行词既有人又有物时，用that不用which→例句：I can remember the people and the stories that I met in the village. ·关系副词引导的定语从句 -基础用法拓展（中考必背）： *口where(指地点，在从句中作状语)→例句：This is the school where|studied five years ago *when(指时间，在从句中作状语)→例句：I still remember the day when we first met,. *口why(指原因，在从句中作状语，先行词通常为reason)→例句：Do you know the reason why he was late? 一易混淆点辨析（中考高频）： *口关系代词vs关系副词：关系代词(which/that/who等)在从句中作主语或宾语，关系副词 (where/when/why)作状语→例句：This is the factory which produces cars.(which作主语)I This is the factory where my father works.(where作状语) *☐where与which的转换：where=介词+which→例句：The room where I live=The room in which I live 初三上|英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH-初三上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 考法一：关系代词的选择与运用 ·核心：根据先行词的类型（人物）及关系词在从句中的成分（主语宾语定语），选择正确的关系代词 ·真题1（语法填空）： The girl _is sitting by the window is my best friend. -答案：who解析：先行词the girl指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who。 ·真题2（单项选择）： This is the book_my mother bought for me yesterday. A.who B.which C.whose D.where -答案：B解析：先行词the book指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用which。 考法二：关系代词与关系副词的辨析及运用 ·核心：根据先行词类型及从句中缺少的成分（主语宾语状语），选择合适的关系词（关系代词或关系副 词) ·真题1（语法填空）： This is the park-we had a picnic last Sunday. 一答案：where解析：先行词the park表示地点，从句中不缺少主语或宾语，需要表示地点的状语，故 用关系副词here。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -I still remember the day_we first met. A.which B.when C.that D.who -答案：B解析：先行词the day表示时间，从句中不缺少主语或宾语，需要表示时间的状语，故用关 系副词when。 考法三：定语从句关系词的综合运用与辨析 ·核心：结合先行词类型（人物时间地点原因）、从句成分（主语宾语状语）及限制性与非限制性特征， 准确选择或填写关系词 ·真题1（单项选择）： The storybook_my mother bought for me last month is very interesting. A.who B.which C.whose D.when -答案：B解析：先行词“the storybook”为物，从句中“bought'”后缺少宾语，需用指物且可作宾语 的关系代词，which符合要求；who指人，whose作定语，when表时间状语，均不符合。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -This is the park-we flew kites last Sunday.My brother,-was with us,lost his hat here. 一答案：where;who解析：第一空先行词“park”为地点，从句中“flew kites'”后缺少地点状语，用 where;第二空为非限制性定语从句，先行词“my brother”指人，从句中缺少主语，且非限制性从句 不可用that,故用who。 初三上丨英语沪教牛津版 ENGLISH-初三上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 解题小妙招 定语从句关系词，先看先行词类型； 人用who或whom,物用which或that; 关系代词作成分，主宾表语要记牢； 关系副词表状语，时间when地点where; 定语从句有逗号，非限不用that引导； 从句成分先判断，主宾用代词，状语用副词； 综合运用看整体，准确选择不含糊。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is the girl_helped me carry the books yesterday. A.who B.which C.whose D.where 2.I still remember the day_we visited the science museum. A.which B.when C.that D.who 3.The watch_my father gave me as a gift works well. A.who B.whose C.which D.where 4.This is the reason_he was absent from school yesterday. A.why B.when C.where D.which 5.The students-are playing basketball on the playground are from Class 3. A.which B.whom C.who D.whose 6.We visited the village _many old houses are well preserved A.when B.where C.which D.why 7.This is the best film_I have ever seen. A.which B.who C.that D.whom 8.My uncle,-lives in Beijing,will come to visit us next week. A.which B.who C.whose D.where 9.The book _cover is red belongs to my sister. A.which B.who C.whose D.that 10.I can't forget the people and the places_I saw in my hometown A.which B.who C.that D.whom 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The man_is wearing a blue shirt is my English teacher. 2.This is the parkwe had a picnic last Saturday. 3.The storybook__my mother bought for me is very interesting. 4.I still remember the time_we spent together in the countryside 5.Do you know the reason_Tom was late for class this morning? 6.The girl hair is black is from Japan. 7.This is the pen_I lost yesterday. 8.The city-my grandparents live is very beautiful. 9.We met the singer-_songs are very popular among teenagers. 10.The little boy_you helped just now is my neighbor. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） My favorite place in the city is Green Park,_1-I often go to relax on weekends.Last Sunday,I went there with my friends,-2wanted to play frisbee.The park has a big lake_3_many people boat in summer.Near the lake,there is a small shop_4sells ice cream and drinks.I bought a chocolate ice cream_5tasted very delicious. While we were playing,we saw an old man_6was looking for his dog.The dog,-7name is Lucky, is a small white dog.We helped the man look around the park_8we usually play.Finally,we found Lucky near the gate_9_the park starts.The old man thanked us and said the park was the only place _10he could relax with his dog 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.B3.C4.A5.C6.B7.C8.B9.C10.C 演练二：填空 1.who/that 2.where 3.which/that 4.which/that 5.why 6.whose 7.which/that 8.where 9.whose 10.whom/who/that 演练三：语法填空 1.where 2.who 3.where 4.which/that 5.which/that 6.who/that 7.whose 8.where 9.where 10.that 初三上|英语1沪教牛津版