数词-备战2025-2026学年八年级英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教牛津版）

ENGLISH初二上系列资料（沪教牛津版） Chapter1数词 考频分析 数词是中考英语词法的基础模块，考频占词法总量的5%左右，主要分布在试卷部分题型：单项选择(1-2 题)、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空(1题)。在具体语境中，数词的基数词与序数词转换、分数表达及概 数用法常是考查重点。 老查内容 中考对数词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·数词分类应用：基数词、序数词的辨析与功能； ·常见搭配与表达：确数、概数（如“几百”“成千上万”）的用法，分数、倍数的表示法； ·语境中的运用：时间、日期、年龄、编号等场景下数词的正确使用。 精讲精练 知识点一：数词的分类及基础用法 ·基数词（表示数量） -常见类型：1-10(one,two.ten)、11-19(eleven,twelve..nineteen)、整十数(twenty,thirty..ninety)、 百/千(hundred,thousand) -例句：口There are five books on the desk.(表示数量5)口She has two hundred dollars..(百前有 基数词时不加s) ·序数词（表示顺序） -构成规则：1-3特殊变(frst,second,third),4-19加th(fourth,ninth,twelfth),整十变y为ieth (twentieth,fortieth),21以上“基数词+序数词”(twenty--first,thirty-.third) -例句：☐He is the first to arrive.(表示第1)Today is her twelfth birthday.(表示第12) ·数词的常见用法 -表示年龄：基数词+years old→She is fifteen years old. -表示日期：月份+序数词→October1 st is National Day. -表示编号：the+序数词+名词/名词+基数词→the fifth lesson=Lesson Five 【即学即练】 1.【基数词用法】表示“五百”的正确英文表达是？ A.five hundred B.five hundreds C.five hundred of D.five hundreds of 2.【序数词构成】请写出“twenty”的序数词形式： 3.【日期表达】“6月3日”的正确英文表达是？ A.June 3 B.June 3rd C.June the three D.3 June 4.【分数表达】“三分之一”的正确英文表达是？ A.one three B.one third C.first three D.three first 5.【概数表达】表示“成千上万”的正确英文表达是 ，表示“三百”的正确英文表达 是 初二上|英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH-初二上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 知识点二：数词的分类与用法 ·基数词（表示数量） 1.基本基数词 -1-10:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten -11-19:eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen -20-90整十数：twenty,thirty,forty,.fifty,,sixty,seventy,eighty,.ninety -百/千万：hundred(百)，thousand(千)，million(百万)，billion(十亿) 2.复合基数词（几十几几百几） -结构：整十数+连字符(-)+个位数（如：23→twenty-three) -百位数：基数词+hundred+and(英式)+两位数（如：156→one hundred and fifty--six) 3.用法示例 -There are thirty students in our class.(我们班有30名学生。) -This building is two hundred and eight years old.(这座建筑有2O8年历史。) ·序数词（表示顺序） 1.基本序数词(1-10) first(1st),second(2nd),third(3rd),fourth (4th),fifth(5th),sixth(6th),seventh(7th),eighth(8th), ninth(9th),tenth (10th) 2.构成规则 -一般在基数词后加-th(如：four→fourth,six→sixth) -特殊变化：fve→fith,twelve→twelfth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth -整十数变序数词：y变ie加-th(如：twenty→twentieth,thirty→thirtieth) -两位数变序数词：个位变序数词（如：21st→twenty-.first,.45th→forty-fth) 3.用法示例 -She won the first prize in the competition..(她在比赛中获得一等奖。) -Our classroom is on the third floor..(我们的教室在三楼。) ·数词的常见搭配 1.分数 -结构：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1时分母加-s(如：113→one third,2/5→two fifths) -例句：Two thirds of the students like English.(三分之二的学生喜欢英语。) 2.倍数 -结构：基数词+times(如：两倍→twice,三倍→three times) -例句：This room is three times bigger than that one..(这个房间比那个大三倍。) 3.年龄日期 -年龄：基数词+years old(如：12岁→twelve years old) -日期：月份+序数词（如：6月1日→June1st) -例句：ly brother is fifteen years old.(我弟弟15岁。) 4.确数与概数 -确数：基数词+hundred/thousand/million(不加-s)(如：三百→three hundred) -概数：hundreds/thousands/millions+of(加-s和of)(如：成百上千→hundreds of) -例句：There are five hundred books on the shelf.(书架上有500本书。) -例句：Thousands of people visited the park yesterday..(昨天有成千上万人参观了公园。) 知识点三：数词 ·基数词 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： -·表示数量→例句：There are twenty students in our class. -口表示年龄→例句：My brother is fifteen years old, -口表示时间（整点）→例句：School starts at eight o'clock. -0表示编号→例句：This is Room305. -0表示电话号码→例句：My phone number is138-5678-9012 -D表示价格→例句：The book costs thirty yuan. -口表示距离→例句：lt's about five kilometers from here to the park. -口表示日期（日）→例句：Today is the twelfth of March. -口表示倍数→例句：This room is twice as big as that one. -口表示分数（分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时分母加s)→例句：I have three fourths of the cake. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： -口基数词+hundred/thousand/,million/billion(具体数字时不加s)→例句：There are two hundred books on the shelf. -口hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of(不具体数字时加s和of)→例句：Thousands of people visit the museum every year. -口基数词+连字符+名词单数（作定语）→例句：He is a ten-year-old boy. ·序数词 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： -口表示l顺序→例句：She is the first to arrive at school. -口表示日期（月的第几天），例句：National Day is on October1st, -·表示楼层→例句：My home is on the fifth floor. -☐表示名次→例句：He wins the second prize in the competition, -口表示世纪/年代→例句：Ne live in the21 st century -口表示顺序的名词前（常与定冠词the连用）→例句：The third lesson is very interesting. -口表示“再一，又一”（前用不定冠词a/an)→例句：Please give me a second chance. -口分数（分母用序数词）→例句：One third of the students are girls. -☐序数词的缩写形式(1st,2nd,3rd,4th..)→例句：Today is his12 th birthday.. -口某些固定搭配（如first of all,at first,,in the end等中的序数词）→例句：First of all,,let's introduce ourselves 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： -口序数词前加定冠词the(表特指顺序)→例句：The ninth month of the year is September.. -口序数词前加不定冠词al/an(表“又一，再一”)→例句：I have read the book once,and I want to read it a second time -口序数词与物主代词连用（不用the)→例句：This is my first time to visit Beijing: ·中考易错点辨析 1.基数词与序数词混用： -Today is my twelve birthday.→Today is my twelfth birthday.(表示l顺序用序数词) -There are thirtieth students in the class.→There are thirty students in the class.(表示数量用 基数词) 2.hundred/thousand的单复数误用： There are five hundreds beoks on the shelf.-There are five hundred books on the shelf. 数不加s) -Hundred of people came to the meeting.→Hundreds of people came to the meeting.(概数加 s和of) 3.分数表达错误： -wo third of the water is clean:→Two thirds of the water is clean.(分子大于1分母加s) -One five of the cake is mine.→One fifth of the cake is mine.(分母用序数词) 4.序数词前冠词误用： -He is first to finish the homework.→He is the first to finish the homework.(特指l顺序加the) -Can have the second apple?→Can I have a second apple？(表“再-”用a) 初二上|英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH-初二上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 考法一：基数词与序数词用法辨析 ·核心：根据语境判断表示数量还是顺序，选择正确的基数词或序数词形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： Today is my cousin's_(twelve)birthday.We will have a party for him. -答案：twelfth解析：表示“第十二个生日”，应用序数词；twelve的序数词为twelfth。 ·真题2（单项选择）： There are _students in our class and Lucy is the_one. A.thirty;ninth B.thirty;nine C.thirtieth;ninth D.thirtieth:nine -答案：A解析：第一空表示数量“三十名学生”，用基数词hity;第二空表示顺序“第九个”，用序数 词ninth。 考法二：数词在日期表达中的综合运用 ·核心：正确使用基数词和序数词表达日期，区分日期的不同表达方式及序数词缩写形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： Today is July the (five).It's my cousin's birthday. -答案：fifh解析：日期中“日”需用序数词，fve的序数词为h,此处“the fifth”表示“第五日”。 ·真题2（单项选择）： My parents will come back on_. A.October 10 B.10th October C.October 10th D.October the 10 -答案：C解析：日期的正确表达为“月份+序数词”，October10th符合要求；A选项10为基数词， B选项顺序错误，D选项缺少序数词后缀-h。 考法三：数词的综合运用 ·核心：结合基数词与序数词的构成规则，掌握数词在年龄、日期、倍数、分数及确数概数中的灵活应用 ·真题1（单项选择）： -About_students in our school will take part in the sports meeting,and _of them are from Grade Nine A.two hundred;two thirds B.two hundreds;two third C.two hundreds;two thirds D.two hundred:two third -答案：A解析：第一空表示确数，hundred前有基数词时不加s,排除B、C;第二空表示分数，分子 用基数词two,分母用序数词third,分子大于1时分母加s,故选A。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -December is the_(twelve)month of the year.My birthday is on December the_(five).This year I will invite_(hundred)of friends to my party. -答案：twelfth fifth hundreds解析：第一空表示顺序“第十二个月”，用序数词twelfth;第二空表示日 期“五日”，用序数词fth;第三空表示概数“成百上千”，hundred后加s并接of,故填hundreds。 解题小妙招 数词运用妙招数量顺序要分清，基数序数各不同；基数表示人或物，序数顺序排第一；日期表达有规则， 月份后面跟序数；确数hundred不加s,概数hundred加sof;分数分子用基数，分母序数记清楚；分子 大于一时分，分母s莫忘记。 初二上|英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH-初二上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.There arebooks on the shelf and the red one is the_. A.forty;sixth B.fortieth;six C.forty;six D.fortieth;sixth 2.My sister is-years old and today is herbirthday. A.twelve;twelve B.twelfth;twelve C.twelve;twelfth D.twelfth;twelfth 3.This building is aboutyears old. A.five hundred B.five hundreds C.five hundred of D.five hundreds of 4.students will join the summer camp,and_of them are boys. A.Two hundred;three fourth B.Two hundreds;three fourths C.Two hundred:three fourths D.Two hundreds:three fourth 5.Our school starts at_o'clock in the morning. A.eighth B.eight C.the eighth D.the eight 6.My grandparents live on the_floor of this building. A.nine B.nineth C.ninth D.nineteen 7.Today is_,the National Day of China. A.October 1 B.October 1st C.1 October D.1st October 8.This room isbigger than that one. A.two time B.twice C.two times D.second 9.The phone number of my office is_. A.eight six three.nine two four seven B.eight hundred sixty-three nine thousand two hundred forty-seven C.eight six three nine two four seven D.eight hundred and sixty-three,nine thousand two hundred and forty-seven 10.It's about_kilometers from my home to the city center. A.fifteen B.fifteenth C.the fifteen D.the fifteenth 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.My father is in his_(forty)this year,but he still looks young. 2.There are_(thirty-two)students in Grade Seven,Class Five. 3.February is the_(two)month of the year. 4._(Hundred)of people went to the concert last night. 5.My little brother is only_(five)years old,but he can count to one hundred. 6.This story is the_(three)chapter of the book. 7.The meeting will start at_(nine)thirty tomorrow morning. 8.She bought_(two)kilos of apples and_(half)a kilo of bananas. 9.We need_(one hundred and twenty)chairs for the party. 10.Today is the _(twenty-first)of June,International Children's Day. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 My name is Lily and I'm a middle school student.I live in a small town with my family.There are 1.-(five) people in my family:my parents,my two brothers,and me.My eldest brother is 2.-(twenty)years old and he works in a hospital.My younger brother is only 3._(six)years old and he is in Grade One. Today is my 4.(thirteen)birthday.My mother bought a big cake for me.It's my favorite flavor- chocolate!There are 5.-(eight)candles on the cake,but wait,no.I'm 13 today,so there should be 6. _(thirteen)candles.Oh,my mother made a mistake,but it's okay. After dinner,my family and I will go to the park.It's about 7.-(two)kilometers from our home.We usually walk there because it's good exercise.The park has a big playground,and my little brother likes to play on the slide.Last week,he fell down and hurt his knee,but now he's fine. My father told me that when he was my age,he got a bike as a birthday gift.He said it cost 8.-(eighty) yuan at that time.Now,bikes are more expensive.A new bike may cost 9._(five hundred)yuan or more. I'm happy today because I got a lot of gifts.My favorite gift is a book about space.It has 10.-(two hundred and fifty)pages.I plan to finish reading it in a week. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.C3.A4.C5.B6.C7.B8.B9.C10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.forties 2.thirty-two 3.second 4.Hundreds 5.five 6.third 7.nine 8.two;half 9.one hundred and twenty 10.twenty-first 演练三：语法填空 1.five 2.twenty 3.six 4.thirteenth 5.eight 6.thirteen 7.two 8.eighty 9.five hundred 10.two hundred and fifty 初二上丨英语|沪教牛津版