不定代词-备战2025-2026学年八年级英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教牛津版）

ENGLISH初二上系列资料（沪教牛津版） Chapter1不定代词 考频分析 不定代词是中考英语词法的重要模块，考频占词法总量的8%左右，主要分布在试卷的单项选择2题、完 形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题中。在语境理解类题目中，不定代词的指代范围、词义辨析及与语境的匹 配度往往是解题关键。 老查内容 中考对不定代词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·基本分类辨析：普通不定代词(some/any,many/much,few/little等)、人复合不定代词(something/anything, somebody/anybody等)、指示不定代词(this/hat,these/those)的指代范围与语法特性； ·语法功能应用：在句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语时的数、格一致问题，及与谓语动词的搭配规则； ·语境语义搭配：肯定句、否定句、疑问句中的使用差异，指代人物数量的精准匹配，以及固定句型中的 习惯用法（如some用于表请求建议的疑问句）。 精讲精练 知识点一：不定代词的分类及基础用法 ·普通不定代词（表示不确定的人或事物） -指人：somebody(某人)、anybody(任何人)、nobody(没有人)、everybody(每个人)例句： Somebody is knocking at the door..(有人在敲门) -指物：something(某物)、anything(任何事物)、nothing(没有东西)、everything(一切事物)→ 例句：I have something important to tell you.(我有重要的事要告诉你) ·限定不定代词（修饰名词，表示数量或范围） -some(一些，用于肯定句)、any(一些任何，用于否定句疑问句)→例句：There are some books on the desk.(肯定句)/Are there any apples in the fridge?(疑问句) -many(许多，修饰可数名词复数)、much(许多，修饰不可数名词)→例句：Many students like playing basketball.She doesn't have much money. -few(很少，表否定，修饰可数名词复数)、afew(几个，表肯定，修饰可数名词复数)→例句：He has few friends here.(他在这里几乎没有朋友)/I have a few pens.(我有几支钢笔) -little(很少，表否定，修饰不可数名词)、a little(一点，表肯定，修饰不可数名词)→例句：There is little water in the bottle.(瓶子里几乎没水了)She speaks a little English.(她会说一点英语) ·复合不定代词（由some/any/no/every+.body/one/thing构成） -作主语时，谓语动词用单数：Everybody is here.(所有人都到了)/Nothing is impossible.(没有什么 是不可能的) -形容词修饰复合不定代词时，放在其后：I have something interesting to read.(我有有趣的东西要读) Is there anything wrong with the machine？(机器有什么毛病吗) ·相互不定代词（表示两者或三者以上之间的相互关系） -each other(两者之间)、one another(三者及以上之间)→例句：e should help each other.(我 们应该互相帮助)/The students learn from one another..(学生们互相学习) 【即学即练】 1.【普通不定代词辨析】"There is_wrong with my bike.”空格处应填？ A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 2.【限定不定代词用法】请判断："He has_friends here,so he is happy.”空格处用few还是afew? 3.【复合不定代词主谓一致】"Everybody_(be)ready for the trip.”空格处应填be动词的哪种形式？ A.are B.is C.am D.were 4.【形容词修饰复合不定代词】”I want to read_interesting.”正确的语序是？ A.interesting something B.something interesting C.anything interesting D.interesting anything 5.【相互不定代词】"The two brothers help_with homework.”空格处用each other还是one another? 初二上丨英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH-初二上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 知识点二：不定代词的分类与用法 ·普通不定代词（表示不确定的人或事物） 1.指人：somebody(某人)、anybody(任何人)、nobody(没人)、everybody(每个人) 一例句： -·Somebody is knocking at the door..(有人在敲门。) -口Is there anybody in the classroom?(教室里有人吗？) 2.指物：something(某物)、anything(任何事物)、nothing(没什么)、everything(一切事物) 一例句： -口I have something important to tell you..(我有重要的事要告诉你。)】 -口There's nothing wrong with the computer.(这台电脑没毛病。) ·数量不定代词（表示不确定数量） 1.肯定句用：some(一些)、many(许多，接可数名词复数)、much(许多，接不可数名词) 一例句： -口I bought some apples yesterday.(我昨天买了一些苹果。) -口There are many students in the playground.(操场上有许多学生。) 2.否定句/疑问句用：any(任何)、few(几乎没有，接可数名词复数)、little(几乎没有，接不可数名词) 一例句： -口Do you have any brothers or sisters?(你有兄弟姐妹吗？) -口He has few friends here,so he feels lonely.(他在这里几乎没有朋友，所以感到孤独。) ·复合不定代词（由some/any/no/every+body/thing/one构成） 1.作主语时，谓语动词用单数 一例句： -口Everybody likes this song.(每个人都喜欢这首歌。) -口Nothing is impossible.(没有什么是不可能的。) 2.形容词修饰复合不定代词时，放在代词之后 一例句： -口I want to read something interesting.(我想读些有趣的东西。) -口Is there anybody else in the room?(房间里还有其他人吗？) ·指示不定代词（表示“其他的人或事物”） 1.others(泛指其他人物，相当于“other+名词复数”) -例句：Some students like English,others prefer math.(一些学生喜欢英语，另一些喜欢数学。) 2.the others(特指某一范围内的其他全部) -例句：There are50 students in our class.Twenty are boys,the others are girls.(我们班有50个 学生，20个是男生，其余的是女生。) ·相互不定代词（表示“相互”） 1.each other(两者之间相互) -例句：Ve should help each other..(我们应该互相帮助。) 2.one another(三者或三者以上之间相互) -例句：The three friends often send emails to one another..(这三个朋友经常互相发邮件。) 知识点三：不定代词 ·普通不定代词（中考必背） 一基础词义及用法： 1.some(一些，用于肯定句/表请求的疑问句)→例句：I have some books./Nould you like some tea? 2.any(一些/任何，用于否定句/疑问句)→例句：There isn't any water left.Do you have any questions? 3.many(许多，修饰可数名词复数)→例句：Many students like playing sports. 4.much(许多，修饰不可数名词)→例句：There is much rain in summer. 5.few(几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数，表否定)→例句：He has few friends here 6.afew(一些，修饰可数名词复数，表肯定)→例句：I have a few pens. 7.little(几乎没有，修饰不可数名词，表否定)→例句：There is little milk in the bottle 8.a little(一些，修饰不可数名词，表肯定)→例句：She drinks a little juice every morning, 9.both(两者都，后接可数名词复数，谓语用复数)，例句：Both my parents are teachers. 10.al(三者及以上都，后接可数名词复数不可数名词，谓语根据名词单复数变化)→例句：All the students are here./All the water is clean ·复合不定代词（中考核心） 一基础构成及用法： 1.something(某事/某物，用于肯定句/表请求的疑问句)→例句：I have something important to tell you. 2.anything(任何事/物，用于否定句/疑问句)→例句：Is there anything wrong with the computer'? 3.nothing(设有什么，表否定)→例句：He knows nothing about the news. 4.everything(一切事物，表全部)→例句：Everything is ready for the party.. 5.somebody./someone(某人，用于肯定句/表请求的疑问句)→例句：Somebody is waiting for you at the door. 6.anybody/anyone(任何人，用于否定句/疑问句)→例句：Does anyone know the answer'? 7.nobody/no one(没有人，表否定)→例句：Nobody can solve this problem easily: 8.everybody/everyone(每个人，表全部)→例句：Everyone in our class likes English. 一特殊用法（中考易错）： 1.形容词修饰复合不定代词时后置→例句：I have something interesting to share.(不能说interesting something 2.复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数→例句：Everyone is here today..Nothing is impossible.. 3.表示请求或建议的疑问句中用some-类不定代词→例句：Could you give me something to eat?? (不用anything) ·不定代词的指代关系（中考常考） 一指代用法及辨析： 1.onelones(指代前面提到的同类可数名词，单数用one,复数用ones)→例句：I like this red pen better than that one.These books are newer than those ones 2.that/those(指代前面提到的同类不可数名词或可数名词复数，避免重复)→例句：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.(that指代不可数名词weather)/The apples here are bigger than those in the basket..(those指代可数名词复数apples) 3.noe(既可指人也可指物，常与of连用，后接可数名词复数不可数名词，谓语单复数均可)→例 None of the students are/is late.None of the water is left 4.either/neither(either“两者中任何一个”，neither“两者都不”，后接可数名词单数，谓语用单数) →例句：Either of the two books is good.Neither answer is correct. 5.each/every(each“每个”，强调个体，可单独使用或接of短语；every“每个”，强调整体，不能单 独使用，后接名词复数)→例句：Each of us has a dictionary..Every student should study hard. 初二上英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH-初二上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 老法一：复合不定代词的用法辨析 ·核心：掌握复合不定代词的构成、作主语时的谓语动词形式及形容词修饰时的位置 ·真题1（语法填空）： Everyone_(be)ready for the exam now. -答案：is解析：复合不定代词everyone作主语时，谓语动词用单数，由now可知用一般现在时，be 动词用is。 ·真题2（完形填空）： There is_wrong with my watch.It doesn't work. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything -答案：A解析：根据后句“它不工作了”可知手表有毛病，本句为肯定句，用something wrong表示 “有毛病的东西”，形容词wrong修饰复合不定代词something需后置。 考法二：复合不定代词用法辨析 ·核心：掌握复合不定代词作主语时的谓语动词单复数形式，以及形容词修饰复合不定代词的位置规则 ·真题1（语法填空）： Something_(be)wrong with my phone.It can't take photos. -答案：is解析：复合不定代词something作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故填is。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -There is-interesting in today's newspaper.Let's read it together. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 一答案：A解析：形容词interesting修饰复合不定代词时要后置，本句为肯定句，应用something,anything 用于否定句或疑问句，nothing和everything不符合语境，故选A。 老法三：不定代词的综合辨析与应用 ·核心：结合语境辨析普通不定代词、复合不定代词及数量不定代词的用法，掌握形容词修饰复合不定代 词的后置规侧及主谓一致 ·真题1（单项选择）： There isn't_wrong with my watch.It works well. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything -答案：B解析：否定句中表示“任何事物”用anything,形容词wrong修饰复合不定代词后置，本句 意为“我的手表没毛病，它走得很好”。 ·真题2（语法填空）： Could you give me_(some/any)water?I'm very thirsty.The bottle has_(few/little)left. -答案：some little解析：表示请求的疑问句中用some;water为不可数名词，用little表示“几乎没 有”，符合“瓶子里没剩多少水”的语境。 初二上」英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH初二上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共0题） 1.There is_wrong with the machine.It can't start. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 2._is here now.We can start the meeting. A.Everybody B.Anybody C.Nobody D.Somebody 3.Do you have_brothers or sisters? A.some B.any C.many D.much 4.He hasfriends in this city,so he often feels lonely. A.few B.a few C.little D.a little 5.We should help_when we are in trouble. A.each other B.one another C.other D.another 6.There are_books on the desk,but I need more. A.many B.much C.few D.little 7.Is there_in the classroom?I heard a noise. A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody 8.The teacher said_was possible if we worked hard. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 9.My mother bought_apples yesterday.Would you like one? A.some B.any C.many D.much 10.This story is very interesting.I want to share it with_. A.someone B.anyone C.no one D.everyone 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.Could you give me_(some/any)milk?I'm hungry. 2.There is_(little/few)water in the bottle.Please buy some. 3.We should learn from_(each other/one another)to improve our skills. 4.(Everything/Nothing)is ready for the party.Let's begin! 5.She has_(a few/a little)friends in the new school,so she is happy. 6.Is there_(something/anything)important in today's newspaper? 7.-(Everybody/Anybody)in my class likes playing basketball. 8.The two sisters often help_(each other/one another)with homework. 9.He knows_(nothing/something)about the accident,so he can't help us. 10.There are_(many/much)students in the library now. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Dear Tom, How are you?I want to tell you about my new school._(1)in my class is friendly.We often help_(2) with studies.My teacher says-(3)is possible if we try our best. I have_(4)interesting books here.Would you like_(5)to read?There is_(6)wrong with my computer, so I can't send you photos now.My father will fix it tomorrow. There are_(7)trees around our school.-(8)of them are very tall.We often play games under the trees. I drink_(9)juice every morning,but today I have_(10)left.Could you bring some for me? Best wishes,Li Ming 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.A3.B4.A5.A6.A7.B8.C9.A10.D 演练二：填空试题 1.some 2.little 3.each other 4.Everything 5.a few 6.anything 7.Everybody 8.each other 9.nothing 10.many 演练三：语法填空 1.Everybody 2.each other 3.nothing 4.some 5.something 6.something 7.many 8.Some 9.a little 10.little 初二上丨英语|沪教牛津版