内容正文:
ENGLISH初一系列资料(沪教牛津版)
Chapter1不可数名词和可数名词单复数
考频分析
不可数名词和可数名词单复数是中考英语词法的重要模块,考频占词法总量的15%左右,涉及试卷多个
核心题型:单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达(基础考察,影响名词
与冠词、数词搭配的准确性)。在语境理解类题目中,名词的可数性、单复数变化及主谓一致往往是解题
关键。
考查内容
中考对不可数名词和可数名词单复数的考察聚焦三大维度,覆盖基础用法与语境应用:
·名词分类识别:可数名词与不可数名词的本质区别及常见词汇辨析(如:book/books vs.water);
·单复数变化规则:规侧变化(加-s-es)与不规则变化(如:man-men,child-→children)的正确运用;
·数量表达搭配:修饰可数名词(many/few/a few)与不可数名词(much/little/a little)的限定词选择,及
主谓一致原则(如:The book is..vs.The books are..)。
精讲精练
知识点一:不可数名词和可数名词单复数
·可数名词(可计数,有单复数形式)
-单数形式:表示单个数量,前面可加aln或数词;复数形式:表示两个及以上,规则变化加-sl-es,不
规则变化需特殊记忆。
一规则变化:
*·直接加-s:book-→oooks(书)、cat-→cats(猫)→例句:I have three books.
*口以s/x/sh/ch结尾加-es:box-→boxes(盒子)、watch-→vatches(手表)→例句:There are two
boxes on the desk
-不规则变化:
*☐变内部元音:man-men(男人)、foot→feet(脚)→例句:The men are workers.
*口单复数同形:sheep→sheep(绵羊)、fish→fish(鱼,指数量时)→例句:He saw five sheep in
the field
·不可数名词(不可直接计数,无复数形式)
-特征:表示物质、抽象概念等,不能直接加a/an或数词,需用量词短语表达数量。
一常见类型:
*口物质名词:water(水)、rice(米饭)、milk(牛奶)→例句:I need a glass of water.
*口抽象名词:love(爱)、time(时间)、knowledge(知识)→例句:She has much knowledge
about history.
-数量表达:借助“数词+量词+of”结构,如:a cup of tea(一杯茶)、two bottles of juice(两瓶果
汁)→例句:Nould you like a cup of tea?
·单复数同形的特殊名词
-部分名词单复数形式相同,需根据语境判断数量,如:people(人们,表复数)、Chinese(中国人,单
复数同形)→例句:The Chinese are friendly..(指全体中国人,表复数)/A Chinese lives here.(指
一个中国人,表单数,较少见)
【即学即练】
1.【名词分类】”milk”属于什么类型的名词?
A.可数名词单数
B.可数名词复数
C.不可数名词
D.单复数同形名词
2.【可数名词单复数】请写出"watch”的复数形式:
3.【不可数名词量化】”rice”是不可数名词,如何表示”两碗米饭”?
A.two rice
B.two bowls of rice
C.two rices
D.two bowl of rice
4.【单复数同形】下列哪个单词的单复数形式相同?
A.book
B.sheep
C.child
D.potato
5.【主谓-致】"The water_hot.”空格处应填(is/are):
初一上丨英语|沪教牛津版
ENGLISH-初一系列资料(沪教牛津版)
知识点二:不可数名词和可数名词单复数
·可数名词(可计数,有单复数形式)
1.单数变复数规侧变化
-直接加-s:book→books(书)、pen→pens(钢笔)
-以s,x,sh,ch结尾加-es:bus-buses(公共汽车)、box-boxes(盒子)、brush-brushes(刷
子)、watch-watches(手表)
-以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加-es:baby-babies(婴儿)、city→cities(城市)
-以ffe结尾,变ffe为V加-es:knifeknives(刀)、leaf-leaves(树叶)
-以o结尾,有生命加-es,无生命加-s:potato→ootatoes(土豆)、tomato-tomatoes(西红柿)、
photo→photos(照片)、radio→radios(收音机)
2.单数变复数不规则变化
-特殊变化:man-men(男人)、woman--women(女人)、child-→children(孩子)、foot→feet(脚)、
tooth-teeth(牙齿)
-单复数同形:sheep-sheep(绵羊)、deer→deer(鹿)、fish-fish(鱼,强调数量时)
3.用法示例
-单数:aan+可数名词单数(元音音素开头用an,辅音音素开头用a)→an apple(一个苹果)、a
student(一名学生)
-复数:数词+可数名词复数→two books(两本书)、five dogs(五只狗);some/many/a few+可
数名词复数→some pens(一些钢笔)、many trees(许多树)
·不可数名词(不可计数,无单复数变化)
1.常见类型
-物质名词:water(水)、milk(牛奶)、rice(米饭)、meat(肉)、paper(纸)
-抽象名词:love(爱)、happiness(幸福)、knowledge(知识)、time(时间)、music(音乐)
2.用法示例
-原形使用:不可数名词前不能直接加alan或数词,也不能加-s→water(水,不能说a water或
waters入、information(信息,不能说an information)
-表数量:用“数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”,量词有单复数变化→a glass of water(一杯
水)two cups oftea(两杯茶)人some pieces of paper(几张纸)
-修饰词:some/much/a little+不可数名词→some milk(一些牛奶)、much money(许多钱)、a
little sugar(一点糖)
·易混淆的单复数同形不可数名词
-单复数同形但需注意语境:people(人们,本身是复数,不能说a people,.说a person)、police(警
察,复数,不能说a police,说a policeman/policewoman)
-同词不同类:chicken(鸡肉,不可数;小鸡,可数,复数chickens);fish(鱼肉,不可数;鱼的种类,
复数fishes)
-易错不可数名词:advice(建议)、news(新闻)、weather(天气)、furniture(家具)、equipment(设
备)(均无复数,不能加s)
知识点三:不可数名词和可数名词单复数
·可数名词单复数规则变化(中考基础)
一基础变化规侧(必背):
*口一般情况加-s→例:book→books(书);student-→students(学生)
*口以s,X,sh,ch结尾加-es→例:bus→buses(公交车);box一→boxes(盒子)
*·以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加-es→例:city→cities(城市);baby→babies(婴儿)】
*口以ffe结尾,变f/fe为v加-es→例:knife→knives(刀);leafleaves(树叶)
*·以o结尾有生命加-es,无生命加-s→例:potato-一→potatoes(土豆);photo-→photos(照片)
·可数名词单复数不规则变化(中考易错)
一特殊变化列表(重点):
*口单复数同形→例:sheep-→sheep(绵羊);Chinese.→Chinese(中国人)
*口元音变化→例:man-→men(男人);wom an→vomen(女人);foot→feet(脚)】
*口词尾变化→例:child-→children(孩子);mouse→mice(老鼠)
*·合成词变化→例:policeman-→policemen(警察);grown-up→grown-ups(成年人)
·不可数名词用法(中考核心)
一常见不可数名词分类(必记):
*·物质类→例:water(水);rice(米饭);air(空气)
*口抽象类→例:happiness(幸福);knowledge(知识);time(时间)
*D学科语言类→例:math(数学);English(英语);physics(物理)
*口液体/粉末类→例:mik(牛奶);sugar(糖);coffee(咖啡)
-量化表达规侧(重点):
*口用“数词+量词+of”修饰→例:a cup of tea(一杯茶);two bottles of juice(两瓶果汁)
*口表“一些”用some/any,表“大量”用much/a lot of→例:some bread(一些面包);much rain
(大量雨水)
*口无复数形式,谓语用单数→例:The news is very important.(这则新闻很重要)
初一上|英语|沪教牛津版
ENGLISH初一系列资料(沪教牛津版)
考法一:可数名词复数规则变化
·核心:根据可数名词单数形式,按照规则变化要求写出正确复数形式
·真题1(语法填空):
-There are three_(baby)in the room.They are playing happily.
-答案:babies解析:可数名词“baby”以辅音字母+y结尾,变复数时需变y为i加-es,故填babies。.
·真题2(单项选择):
-My mother bought two一yesterday.(2023年上海中考模拟题)
A.potato
B.potatos
C.potatoes
D.potatoies
-答案:C解析:可数名词“potato”以o结尾且为有生命名词,变复数需加-es,正确形式为potatoes,
故选C。
考法二:名词单复数及不可数名词用法综合辨析
·核心:结合语境判断名词类别(可数不可数),正确运用单复数形式及数量表达
·真题1(语法填空):
There are two _(knife)on the table.You can use one to cut the apple.
-答案:knives解析:由数词“two”可知后接可数名词复数;knife以fe结尾,变fe为v加-es,故填
knives.
·真题2(单项选择):
I want to buy some_and two_for breakfast.
A.milk potato
B.milks potatoes
C.milk potatoes
D.milks potato
-答案:C解析:mik为不可数名词,无复数形式,排除B、D;potato为可数名词,由数词“two”可
知用复数potatoes,其以o结尾且有生命,加-es,故选C。
考法三:可数名词复数变化与不可数名词量化综合应用
·核心:结合语境判断名词可数性,正确运用复数变化规侧及不可数量化结构,掌握主谓一致及修饰词搭
配
·真题1(单项选择):
My mother bought two_and three_from the market this morning
A.potato tomato
B.potatos tomatos
C.potatoes tomatoes
D.potatoies tomatoies
-答案:C解析:potato和tomato均为可数名词且以o结尾有生命,复数需加-es;A选项为单数形式,
B/D选项变化形式错误,故选C。
·真题2(语法填空):
There are five_(sheep)eating grass on the hill and a bottle of_(milk)under the tree
-答案:sheep milk解析:sheep为单复数同形名词,由fve修饰用原形;milk是不可数名词,无复数
形式,”a bottle of+不可数名词”为固定量化结构。
解题小妙招
名词单复妙招
可数名词有复数,不可数名无复数;
规则变化要记牢,辅音加y变i加es;
fe结尾变v加es,有生命o加es;
单复同形如sheep,复数形式不变更;
不可数量化用短语,some后接不可数;
数词two后接复数,主谓一致看名词。
初一上丨英语|沪教牛津版
ENGL凵ISH-初一系列资料(沪教牛津版)
真题演练
演练一:单项选择试题(共10题)
1.This shop sells many_.I want to buy a red one.
A.pen
B.pens
C.pencil
D.ruler
2.There are three_in my family:my parents and me
A.people
B.person
C.mans
D.childs
3.My grandmother usually drinks two_of milk every morning.
A.glass
B.glasss
C.glasses
D.glass's
4.How many_are there on the table?
A.tomato
B.tomatos
C.tomatoes
D.tomatoies
5.I need some_to write down the notes.
A.paper
B.papers
C.a paper
D.the paper
6.Look!The_are playing football in the playground.
A.child
B.childs
C.children
D.childrens
7.My uncle bought two__and five_yesterday.
A.knife potato
B.knifes potatos
C.knives potatoes
D.knifees potatoies
8.Would you like a_of tea?
A.cup
B.cups
C.glass
D.glasses
9.There is some_in the fridge.You can drink it.
A.apple
B.milk
C.eggs
D.bananas
10.The _in this hospital are very kind to patients.
A.woman doctors
B.women doctors
C.woman doctor
D.women doctor
演练二:填空试题(共10题)
1.There are five_(box)on the desk.
2.My mother often tells me stories about her(child).
3.I have two_(knife)in my pencil case.
4.How many_(sheep)can you see in the field?
5.There is a lot of_(water)in the bottle.
6.These_(baby)are crying loudly.
7.He bought three_(tomato)and some_(rice)this morning.
8.My father reads two_(newspaper)every evening.
9.There are many_(Chinese)living in this city.
10.We need some_(piece)of paper for the exam.
演练三:语法填空试题(共10空)
It is Sunday today.Lily and her family are having a picnic in the park.They bring many things:some
(apple),two _(sandwich),three(bottle)of juice,and a lot of(bread).Lily's little brother likes
eating_(strawberry),so their mother buys a box of_(them).
Near their picnic mat,there are some(child)playing games.A group of_(bird)are singing in the tree.
Lily's father is reading a book about_(history).He says history is interesting and we can learn much
(knowledge)from it.Everyone is having a good time!
答案
演练一:单项选择
1.B2.A3.C4.C5.A6.C7.C8.A9.B10.B
演练二:填空试题
1.boxes 2.children 3.knives 4.sheep 5.water
6.babies 7.tomatoes;rice 8.newspapers 9.Chinese 10.pieces
演练三:语法填空
1.apples 2.sandwiches 3.bottles 4.bread 5.strawberries
6.them 7.children 8.birds 9.history 10.knowledge
初一上|英语|沪教牛津版