专题05 非谓语动词（复习讲义）（广东专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题05 非谓语动词 目录 01考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 3 03 考点通关·靶向突破 4 一、动词不定式 4 1. 不定式的结构 4 2. 不定式的用法 4 二、动名词 8 1.动名词的构成 8 2.动名词的用法 8 3.既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语的动词 9 三、分词 11 1. 分词的分类与构成 11 2. 现在分词与过去分词的用法区别 12 04 优题精选·练能提分 14 课标要求 复习目标 不定式 · 掌握不定式（to do）和动名词（doing）：基本形式、否定式、句法功能、固定搭配和句型等 · 辨析不定式和动名词作宾语用法 1.清晰区分不定式、动名词、分词的核心用法，准确判断其在句中的功能。 2. 熟练掌握非谓语动词的固定搭配与易错点（如 forget to do/doing 辨析）。 3. 能根据语境（逻辑关系、句子成分）正确选择非谓语动词形式，解决语法选择、语法填空、完成句子等题型。 4. 能在书面表达中灵活运用非谓语动词，增强句子多样性。 动名词 · · 掌握现在分词（doing）与过去分词（done）的句法功能、逻辑关系 分词 命题预测 非谓语动词是中考的必考点之一。主要有以下命题角度：不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done）的基本形式、固定搭配、语态变化及句法功能。 主要在语法选择、语法填空、选词填空、完成句子中考查。 解题锦囊 锦囊 1：判定 “谓语 or 非谓语” 先明确：一个简单句中只能有1个谓语动词，其余动词需用非谓语形式。 例：We hope ______ (win) the basketball match against Class 3 next week. 锦囊 2：根据 “句法功能定位” 非谓语在句中充当不同成分时，形式有固定对应规律，结合成分判断形式： 例1：______ (exercise) every day is good for our health. 例2：______ (catch) the early bus, we got up half an hour earlier. 锦囊 3：根据 “固定搭配标志” 接 to do：want, hope, decide, plan 等； 接 doing：enjoy, finish, mind, practice 等； 介词后接 doing（如 look forward to, be good at...） 锦囊 4：根据 “特殊结构规则” 感官 / 使役动词（see, make...）后，宾语补足语 “主动省 to，被动还原 to”； 不定式否定为 “not to do”，动名词否定为 “not doing”。 例1: The teacher made him ______ (clean) the blackboard for a week because of his mistake. 例2: Our teacher warned us ______ (not swim) in the river alone in summer. 锦囊 5：警惕“高频易错考点” ①.易混淆的 “to do/doing” 动词搭配 ②.介词 to 后接 doing 的 “陷阱” ③.不定式省略to的情况 ④.形容词化的分词作表语用法辨析 注意：解答非谓语问题时，首先区分是否为非谓语（非谓语不能作谓语），接着判断主被动、动作逻辑，再结合固定搭配与句法功能，最终确定正确形式。 一、动词不定式 1. 不定式的结构 动词不定式的构成动词不定式的基本形式是：to + 动词原形（有时可以不带 to）。这里的 to 是不定式符号，本身无意义。其否定形式是 “not/never to + 动词原形”。 例：My mom told me not to play computer games before finishing homework. 我妈妈告诉我写完作业前不要玩电脑游戏。 The coach warned the players never to break the team rules. 教练警告队员们永远不要违反队规。 2. 不定式的用法 功能 用法说明 例句 作主语 1. 表具体动作，谓语用第三人称单数 2. 用it作形式主语，真正主语后置，常用句式： ①It+be+名词+to do ②It+be+adj.+for/of sb. to do ③It takes sb.+时间+to do To finish the task is his goal. 完成任务是他的目标。 It’s kind of you to help me. 你帮我真是太好了。 It took her 2 hours to cook dinner. 她花了2小时做晚饭。 作表语 常位于系动词之后，通常可以和主语进行位置互换。 Her plan is to travel around China. 她的计划是环游中国。 作宾语 1. 作某些动词（want、know等）的宾语 2. find/think后用it作形式宾语 3. 接“疑问词+to do” I want to buy a new phone. 我想买一部新手机。 I find it easy to learn English. 我觉得学英语很简单。 She doesn’t know how to use the machine. 她不知道怎么用这台机器。 作宾语补足语 1. 接在tell、ask等动词后作宾语补足语 2. 使役/感官动词后宾语补足语省略to（被动还原to） 助记口诀：一感 (feel), 二听 (hear, listen to), 三让 (let, make, have), 四看 (see, watch, notice, observe), 半帮助 (help)。 注意:help 后面可以跟不带 to 的不定式，也可以跟带 to 的不定式。 Mom asked me to clean the room. 妈妈让我打扫房间。 He was made to work 10 hours a day. 他被迫每天工作10小时。 My sister often helps me (to) practice my spoken English. 我姐姐经常帮我练习英语口语。 作状语 1.作目的状语（表示某一动作或状态的目的）。既可放在句首，也可放在句尾。 2.作结果状语，常用结构：so...as to..., too...to..., ...enough to ..., only to do...。 3.作原因状语，通常用于 sorry, surprised, glad等表示情感的形容词后。 To catch the early bus (目的), we got up at 5. 为了赶早班车，我们5点就起床了。 He is too tired to walk (结果). 他太累了走不动。 She was excited to get the invitation to the party.(原因) 收到派对邀请函时，她兴奋不已。 作定语 1. 后置修饰名词/复合不定代词，常为动宾关系 2. 不及物动词需加介词 3. 接在time、way、chance、ability等抽象名词后 I have a meeting to attend. 我有个会议要参加。 There is a chair to sit on. 有一把可以坐的椅子。 We have no time to waste. 我们没有时间可以浪费。 作独立 成分 这种不定式独立于句子之外，表示说话者的态度、语气等，又称为评论性状语。常用作独立成分的不定式短语， 如：to be honest 老实说；to begin with 首先；to tell you the truth 说实话。 To tell you the truth, I’m a little nervous. 说实话，我有点紧张。 【要点归纳】常见的只接不定式作宾语的动词（短语） afford 负担得起 (dis)agree (不)同意 choose 选择 decide 决定 expect 预计，期待 fail 失败 wish/hope 希望 ask/beg请求 manage 完成 pretend 假装 offer 主动提出 plan 计划 promise 承诺 hesitate犹豫 want 想要 volunteer 自愿 refuse 拒绝 aim 旨在 happen to do 碰巧做某事 would like/love to do 想要做某事 be willing to do 愿意做某事 be ready to do sth. 准备好做某事 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 【易错提醒】省略to的情况归纳 1.在感官动词（see, feel, hear, watch, notice 等）及使役动词（let, have, make）后接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但被动语态中，需要还原 to。如： 主动：I heard her sing a song just now.我刚才听见她唱了首歌。 被动：She was heard to sing a song just now.刚才有人听见她唱了首歌。 主动：The teacher made him clean the blackboard.老师让他擦黑板。 被动：He was made to clean the blackboard by the teacher.他被老师要求擦黑板。 2.动词 help 后用作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式可省略 to，也可不省略 to（即：help (sb.) to do sth./help (sb.) do sth.） 例句：Could you help me (to) carry this bag? 你能帮我提这个袋子吗？  3.在句型 Why (not)...?“为什么 (不)……？” 中常常省略 to。 例句：Why not go for a walk after dinner? 晚饭后为什么不出去散步呢？ 4.介词 but, except 表示 “除了……” 时，若but, except 之前有实义动词do的各种时态形式，则省略不定式符号to；若无，则需保留。 例句：She had no choice but to finish the report tonight. 她今晚除了完成报告别无选择。 （but前无实义动词do，保留to） They did nothing but play games all day. 他们一整天除了玩游戏什么也没做。 （but前有do的过去式did，省略 to） (5) 两个或两个以上的动词不定式短语并列时，通常第二个动词不定式省略 to。 例句：She plans to go shopping and buy some gifts. 她打算去购物并买些礼物。 (6) 主语部分含有实义动词 do 时，作表语的动词不定式可省略 to。 例句：What we need to do is (to) prepare for the exam. 我们需要做的是准备考试。 一、语法选择 1. （2025·广州）They aren’t dangerous, so I decided it quietly. Then it slowly swam away. A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watched 2.（2024·广州） So the government is taking action to stop people for a whole season every year.” Dad explained. A．fish B．fished C．to fish D．fishing 3.（2024·广州）“Now we are trying our best the penguin eggs. Do you want to help me?” Dad asked. A．protect B．to protect C．protecting D．protected 4. （2025·广州·二模）The excitement is make you hold your breath. A．enough strong to B．too strong to C．strong enough to D．strong so that 5. （2025·广东）After finishing college, she decided in a restaurant. A．work B．working C．to work 6. （2024·广东）When he has saved enough money, Peter goes to the bookstores great books and donates them to children in need. A．buy B．to buy C．bought 二、选词填空 1. （2025·广东·三模）Besides, they have been following traditional fishing methods, trying to water pollution. （备选词avoid） 2. （2025·广东·二模） with rebuilding, Liu made bricks by using the rubble (瓦砾) left from fallen buildings. （备选词help） 三、语法填空 1. （2025·深圳·一模） People wear new clothes, often in red, 2 (celebrate) the new year. 2.（2025·深圳·三模） Liu Yi wrote it (encourage) people to protect the trees. 3. （2025·深圳·一模）This program aims (improve) the friendship and cooperation between the youth of both countries. 三、完成句子 1. （2024·广州）体育老师鼓励他们，并教他们如何能提高合作跑步的技巧。 Their PE teacher encouraged them and taught them improve their skills of running together. 2. （2025·广州·一模）拿残疾人开玩笑，这很不礼貌。 impolite to the disabled. 3.（2025·广东广州·二模）为了帮助这些老人，我们班上周组织了一次志愿者活动。 these old people, our class held a volunteer activity last week. 二、动名词 1.动名词的构成 动名词的构成基本形式为 “动词原形 + ing”；其否定形式 “not + 动名词”。 例句：Reading novels is my hobby. 读小说是我的爱好。 He apologized for not keeping his promise.他为没遵守承诺而道歉。 2.动名词的用法 功能 用法说明 例句 作主语 1.单个动名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 2. it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语，用于句型it is no use、no good、no point、no fun、a waste of time...+doing sth. 做某事是...的。 Reading English aloud every morning is helpful. 每天早上大声读英语很有帮助。 It is no good staying up late every day for students.对学生来说，每天熬夜是没好处的。 作宾语 作动词的宾语：表示一般的习惯性行为或经常性行为。 She practices playing the piano every weekend. 她每个周末都练习弹钢琴。 作介词的宾语：要注意to在短语中介词的情况。 He is good at solving math problems. 他擅长解决数学问题。 作表语 大多数情况下，动名词作表语时可与主语互换。 His favorite hobby is collecting stamps. 他最喜欢的爱好是集邮。 作定语 只表明所修饰词的用途等，位于所修饰词之前。 This is a reading room for students. 这是一间学生阅览室。 复合结构 中考偶尔会涉及动名词复合结构： 形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+动名词 His coming late made the teacher angry. 他迟到让老师很生气。 Do you mind my opening the window?你介意我开窗吗？ 【拓展补充】 后接动名词作宾语的常考动词/短语及口诀助记 类别 内容 动词 avoid避免, finish完成, mind介意, consider考虑, imagine想象, practice练习, enjoy喜欢, keep坚持, suggest建议, miss错过,admit承认, allow允许, risk 冒险 短语或句型结构 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事；be good at doing sth.擅长做某事；feel like doing sth.想要做某事；be worth doing sth.值得做某事；give up doing sth.放弃做某事；keep on doing sth.继续做某事；spend...(in) doing...,succeed in doing 成功做某事... to作介词：be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事；look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事；pay attention to doing sth. 留意某事；stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事... 口诀助记 完成练习值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy），继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be/get used to, give up）； 考虑建议不禁想（consider/suggest, can’t help, feel like），喜欢错过要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）。 3.既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语的动词 ①.意义相同:此类动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语时，含义基本一致，常见的有： like doing sth. / like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 love doing sth. / love to do sth. 喜爱做某事 hate doing sth. / hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事 prefer doing sth. / prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事 begin doing sth. / begin to do sth. 开始做某事 start doing sth. / start to do sth. 开始做某事 ②.意义不同:此类动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语时，含义差异较大，需重点区分，具体如下： stop doing sth.停止做某事（正在做的事） stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做) remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做) forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做) forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做) be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 used to do sth.过去常常做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事(已做) regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事(未做) can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 can’t help to do sth. 不能帮忙做某事 mean to do sth. 意图/ 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 go on to do sth. 继续做某事（另一件事） go on doing sth.继续做某事（同一件事） sb. need/want/require to do sth 某人需要做某事（主动） sth. need/want/require doing sth=to be done某事需要被做（被动） 【易错提醒】 1.不定式作主语与动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语与动名词作主语时常可互换，但不定式作主语表示具体的某一次行为或将来的动作；有时也可用 it 作形式主语，而把不定式后置；动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次动作。 To finish the task in one hour is difficult for me. （在一小时内完成这个任务对我来说很难 —— 表 “这一次特定的任务”） Swimming is good for health. （游泳有益健康 —— 表 “游泳” 这个抽象的行为） 一、语法选择 1.（2023·广州）Morning after morning, he practiced his wings, and they were getting stronger and stronger. A．flap B．to flap C．flapping D．flapped 2.（2025·广东·二模）He spent weeks on his story. A．to work B．working C．worked 3.（2025·广东·三模） Making lacquerware（漆器） patience and skills. A．require B．requires C．is required 二、选词填空 1. （2025·广东·一模）You can have an exciting experience by along the wall during the day. （备选词walk） 2.（2025·广东·一模）Teachers say gardening students with nature and builds team work skills. （备选词connect） 三、完成句子 1. （2025·广州）我计划花一个下午教他们制作一个电子相册。 I planned to a whole afternoon them to make an electronic photo album. 2.（2025·广东广州·三模）最近一项研究显示，很多人白天都习惯坐着。 According to a recent research, many people in the daytime. 3. 我们应该帮助那些不熟悉数字设备的老年人而不是取笑他们。 We should help the elderly who are not familiar with digital devices instead of them. 4. 在春天，我们期待在校园里种树。 In spring, we trees at school. 三、分词 1. 分词的分类与构成 分词主要包括现在分词 (v. -ing) 和过去分词 (v. -ed)。否定形式为 “not + 分词”。 例句： The singing girl is my cousin.唱歌的女孩是我表妹。（作定语） The broken window will be repaired next week. 破损的窗户将于下周修复。 （作定语） Not knowing this, he asked a question.因为不知道这件事，他问了一个问题。（做状语） Not invited, she stayed at home.没被邀请，她就待在了家里。（做状语） 2. 现在分词与过去分词的用法区别 功能 用法 例句 作定语 单个分词作定语时，常位于所修饰词的前面；分词短语作定语时，常位于所修饰词的后面 A running boy caught my attention. 一个正在跑步的男孩吸引了我的注意。 The book written by Lu Xun is worth reading. 这本鲁迅写的书值得一读。 作状语 现在分词作伴随状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；过去分词作状语时，其逻辑宾语为句子的主语 She walked along the street, singing a happy song. 她沿着街道走，唱着一首欢快的歌。 Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful. 从山顶看，这座城市看起来很美。 作表语（重点） 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示主语所处的状态或感受 The film is interesting. 这部电影很有趣。 She was interested in the beautiful scenery. 她对这美丽的景色很感兴趣。 作宾语补足语 宾语与宾语补足语在逻辑上为主动关系或表示动作正在进行用现在分词；反之，为被动关系或表示动作已完成用过去分词 I noticed a stranger standing at the gate. 我注意到一个陌生人站在门口。 We should get the broken window repaired as soon as possible. 我们应该尽快把破窗户修好。 【易错提醒】 ①. 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。 如：a moving film 一场感人的电影，the moved people 被感动的人们； ②. 在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 如：developing countries 发展中国家，developed countries 发达国家； ③. 形容词化的分词作表语： 现在分词作表语时，已具备形容词的语法性质，其核心作用是说明主语本身的性质、特征或固有属性，能体现主语 “令人产生某种感受” 的特质，主语通常为事物、事件。少数情况下，现在分词作表语描述人时，是指人 “本身具有令人…… 的特质”。 过去分词作表语时，它们大多数是已经形容词化的，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词，表示主语所处的状态或感受。过去分词多用来修饰人、人的声音、人的情感或表情。 例：The boy is very annoying. 这男孩很烦人。(令人烦恼的) The loud noise is so annoying. 噪音是如此的令人烦恼的。(令人烦恼的) She looked annoyed when he interrupted her. 他打断她时，她显得很不耐烦。（感到烦恼的） 【知识拓展】常见形容词化的分词 现在分词 主动意义 过去分词 被动意义 exciting 令人兴奋的，激动人心的 excited 兴奋的，激动的 frightening 吓人的 frightened 受惊吓的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的，失望的 pleasing 令人高兴的 pleased 高兴的，满意的 satisfying 令人满意的 satisfied 感到满意的 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 moving 令人感动的 moved 受感动的，感动的 interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 amusing 有趣的，给人娱乐的 amused 感到有意思的 puzzling 令人迷惑不解的 puzzled 感到困惑不解的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 受到鼓舞的 tiring 令人厌倦的/劳累的 tired 感到疲倦的 convincing 令人信服的 convinced 感到信服的 一、语法选择 1. The background music of the movie sounds so ______ that the audience began to cheer. A. excite B. excitement C. exciting D. excitedly 2.The kids seemed ______ to see the giant dinosaur skeletons in the history museum. A. excite B. excited C. excitedly D. excitement 二、短文填空 1.（2025·广东广州·二模）What would you do if you saw a mountain gorilla? Most people would probably be very f and run away! That’s because gorillas have a very terrible appearance.（首字母填空） 2.（2025·广东·三模）To her surprise, now she can have a good sleep at night and she feels so with the result.（备选词satisfy） 3.（2025·广东深圳·一模）If I live in a family like this as a child, I would feel (stress).”（语法填空） 一、单项选择 1. My mother told me _______ too much TV. A．not watch B．not to watch C．watch not D．to not watch 2．（2025·江苏宿迁）Kitty will go to the English Corner ______ her English this Saturday afternoon. A．to practise B．practising C．practised D．practise 3.（2025·西藏）Our teacher advises us ________ ourselves in the sunshine. A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoyed D．enjoying 4．（2025·吉林长春）________ eyes healthy, we students should spend less time on screens. A．To keep B．Keep C．Kept D．Keeping 5．（2025·天津）The government is developing new plans ________ ancient buildings. A．protect B．to protect C．protects D．protected 6.He avoided __________ mistakes by practicing it over and over again. A．made B．making C．to make D．makes 7.—So far, Hi Mom is one of the most ________ films I’ve ever seen. —That’s true, It is well worth ________ again. A．move; see B．moved; to see C．moving; seeing D．moved; seeing 8. (易错辨析)We often hear the girl ________ in the next room. A．sing B．to sing C．singing D．sings 9.（易错辨析）When I opened my eyes, I saw Melissa ________ at the end of my bed. A．stand B．standing C．to stand D．stood 10.According to rules, people aren’t allowed ________ in public, such as schools, hospitals and so on. A．smoking B．smoke C．to smoke D．smoked 11. Jenny is afraid ________ by plane. She always feels nervous when getting on it.   A．to travel       B．travelling       C．travels       D．travel 12. The little girl was too frightened _______ a word. A．not to tell B．not to say C．to tell D．to say 13.We live in an information age, so we have more chances ________ ourselves. A．to improve B．improve C．improved D．improves 14.(易错辨析)（2024·内蒙古）The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs. A．write; showing B．writing; show C．write; show D．writing; showing 15. I think ________ resolutions at the beginning of a year is a good way to improve our lives. A．making B．make C．makes D．made 16.（2024·江苏宿迁）By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall. A．find B．found C．to find D．finding 17.—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.    —Well, now I regret ________ that. A．to do B．to be doing C．to have done D．having done 18.—Would you mind me ________ the door? —________. It’s too hot in it. Let’s air the room. A．to open; Never mind B．opening; Never mind C．opening; Of course not D．to open; Of course not 19. （易错辨析）Nowadays teachers feel they can’t help ________ reading materials suitable for every student, so they encourage them ________ English by Internet. A．finding; learning B．to find; learning C．finding; to learn D．to find; to learn 20. The heavy rain prevented us from ________ the outdoor activities as planned, so we had to stay in the classroom. A．organize B．to organize C．organizes D．organizing 21. I think it is necessary for college students _________ part in some social activities. A．take B．taking C．to take D．took 22.（易错题）—Why didn’t you hang out with us? —I was made ________ with chores at home. A．help B．to help C．helped D．helping 23.（易错题）More attention should be paid to ________ the environment. A．protect B．protecting C．protected D．to protect 24. The scientists are busy ______ new energy sources to solve the energy problem. A．research B．to research C．researching D．researched 25.—My computer broke down. What should I do? —Why not ________ a new one? A．to consider to buy B．to consider buying C．consider to buy D．consider buying 26. My mother often reminds me ________ my phone when doing homework. A．not to check B．not check C．don’t check D．didn’t check 27.There are so many beautiful scarves, I don’t know _________ . A．how to buy B．what to buy C．to choose which one D．which one to buy 28. We found it very interesting ________ English. A．learning B．to learn C．learn D．learns 29. She prefers ________ rather than ________ TV. A．swimming; watching B．to swimming; watching C．to swim; watch D．to swim; watching 30. The news from the front was so ________ that many people couldn’t help crying. A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excites 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. The teacher asked us____________ (finish) our homework before dinner. 2. My mother enjoys____________ (cook) delicious food for the family at weekends. 3. It’s necessary for students____________ (keep) a balanced diet every day. 4. The little boy was seen___________(fall) off his bike on the way to school yesterday. 5. She practices _______________ (play) the piano for two hours every afternoon to prepare for the competition. 6. The book is so interesting that I can’t stop ______________ (read) it in class. 7. It’s polite ______________(not speak) loudly in public places. 8. Would you mind _____________ (open) the window? It’s too hot in the room. 9.The broken bike needs_____________ (repair) before it can be used again. 10._____________ (catch) the early bus, he got up at five o’clock in the morning. 三、完成句子 1. 咨询师Linda花了两个小时跟Andy沟通。 the counselor Linda two hours with Andy. 2.上周，机器人还给我们展示如何利用植物制作点心。 Last week, the robot also showed us dim sum with plants. 3. 你想参加乒乓球比赛吗？ you like to the table tennis match? 4.汤姆教杰克怎样避免犯错误，并鼓励他下次取得好成绩。 Tom taught Jack mistakes and encouraged him to get a good result next time. 5.（2025·广东广州·一模）自2018年贸易战开始以来，许多中国科技公司已被阻止在美国市场销售产品。 Since the trade war started in 2018, many Chinese tech companies from products in the US market. 四、短文填空 A(语法填空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zara Lachlan is 21 years old and from the UK. She set off from Portugal in a rowing boat on October 27. She would be rowing across the Atlantic Ocean with no one else to help her. Zara faced many 1 (challenge) along the way. Big waves turned her boat over. She hurt her arm, cut her leg, and 2 (break) a finger. At one point, she was nearly run over by a large ship. When she was crossing through the Canary Islands, Zara ran into a big storm. And 3 kept her boat off course for some time. However, Zara was so strong-willed that she decided not 4 (give) up. Her goal was to be 5 youngest person to row across the Atlantic. For Zara, the trip was also a chance to see nature as few people ever do. She saw dolphins, sharks, and even killer whales. One time, she 6 (hit) by a flying fish. She says the trip gave her many memories that would stay 7 her for life. After 97 days, she 8 (successful) arrived in Guiana, on the coast of South America on February 1st, 2025. “I went through a hard time. It took a 9 (long) time than I had expected, 10 I’m still proud of my effort,” Zara says. B(选词填空) （亮点：谓语和非谓语综合考查）请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使其通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。方框中有两个词为多余项。 one  study  possible  invite  refuse  famous  she  that  physics  secret  succeed  become Do you have a dream for the future? Does it seem 1 right now? If the answer is yes, don’t lose heart. You actually have a lot in common with one of the 2 scientists of all time—Marie Curie. In 1867, Marie was born in Poland. She was a bright and curious child 3 did well in school. At the time, the University did not accept girls. But that didn’t stop young Marie. Instead, she learned 4 by herself. In 1891, she went to Sorbonne, a university in Paris that allowed women 5 there. Over the next few years, she completed the schoolwork in physics and maths. She also met French 6 Pierre Curie. The two married in 1895. Marie and Pierre worked closely together over the next ten years. Marie’s biggest discoveries came from studying uranium rays (铀射线). Her findings led to the field of atomic physics. Through their experiments, they 7 in discovering polonium (钋) and radium (镭). In 1903, Marie and Pierre Curie were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. Marie was the 8 woman to ever receive a Nobel Prize. That same year, she also became the first woman to get a Ph. D．(博士学位) from a French university. In 1911, Curie became the first person to win a second Nobel Prize for her work in chemistry. Since then, Marie Curie 9 famous around the world. In the same year, she 10 to attend the Solvay Conference on Physics with the other famous scientists of her day, including Albert Einstein. Let’s take her as a good example and put our effort into the dream in our hearts. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 非谓语动词 目录 01考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 4 03 考点通关·靶向突破 5 一、动词不定式 5 1. 不定式的结构 5 2. 不定式的用法 5 二、动名词 10 1.动名词的构成 11 2.动名词的用法 11 3.既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语的动词 12 三、分词 15 1. 分词的分类与构成 15 2. 现在分词与过去分词的用法区别 16 04 优题精选·练能提分 19 课标要求 复习目标 不定式 · 掌握不定式（to do）和动名词（doing）：基本形式、否定式、句法功能、固定搭配和句型等 · 辨析不定式和动名词作宾语用法 1.清晰区分不定式、动名词、分词的核心用法，准确判断其在句中的功能。 2. 熟练掌握非谓语动词的固定搭配与易错点（如 forget to do/doing 辨析）。 3. 能根据语境（逻辑关系、句子成分）正确选择非谓语动词形式，解决语法选择、语法填空、完成句子等题型。 4. 能在书面表达中灵活运用非谓语动词，增强句子多样性。 动名词 · · 掌握现在分词（doing）与过去分词（done）的句法功能、逻辑关系 分词 命题预测 非谓语动词是中考的必考点之一。主要有以下命题角度：不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done）的基本形式、固定搭配、语态变化及句法功能。 主要在语法选择、语法填空、选词填空、完成句子中考查。 解题锦囊 锦囊 1：判定 “谓语 or 非谓语” 先明确：一个简单句中只能有1个谓语动词，其余动词需用非谓语形式。 例：We hope ______ (win) the basketball match against Class 3 next week. 【答案】to win 【解析】句中 “hope” 是谓语，“win” 是 hope 的宾语，用非谓语 to do，填 “to win”。 锦囊 2：根据 “句法功能定位” 非谓语在句中充当不同成分时，形式有固定对应规律，结合成分判断形式： 例1：______ (exercise) every day is good for our health. 【答案】Exercising 【解析】此处作主语（表习惯性动作），用动名词，填 “Exercising”。 例2：______ (catch) the early bus, we got up half an hour earlier. 【答案】To catch 【解析】此处作目的状语，用 to do，填 “To catch”。 锦囊 3：根据 “固定搭配标志” 接 to do：want, hope, decide, plan 等； 接 doing：enjoy, finish, mind, practice 等； 介词后接 doing（如 look forward to, be good at...） 锦囊 4：根据 “特殊结构规则” 感官 / 使役动词（see, make...）后，宾语补足语 “主动省 to，被动还原 to”； 不定式否定为 “not to do”，动名词否定为 “not doing”。 例1: The teacher made him ______ (clean) the blackboard for a week because of his mistake. 【答案】clean 【解析】主动语态，make 后宾语补足语省 to，填clean。 例2: Our teacher warned us ______ (not swim) in the river alone in summer. 【答案】not to swim 【解析】不定式的否定，填not to swim。 锦囊 5：警惕“高频易错考点” ①.易混淆的 “to do/doing” 动词搭配 ②.介词 to 后接 doing 的 “陷阱” ③.不定式省略to的情况 ④.形容词化的分词作表语用法辨析 注意：解答非谓语问题时，首先区分是否为非谓语（非谓语不能作谓语），接着判断主被动、动作逻辑，再结合固定搭配与句法功能，最终确定正确形式。 一、动词不定式 1. 不定式的结构 动词不定式的构成动词不定式的基本形式是：to + 动词原形（有时可以不带 to）。这里的 to 是不定式符号，本身无意义。其否定形式是 “not/never to + 动词原形”。 例：My mom told me not to play computer games before finishing homework. 我妈妈告诉我写完作业前不要玩电脑游戏。 The coach warned the players never to break the team rules. 教练警告队员们永远不要违反队规。 2. 不定式的用法 功能 用法说明 例句 作主语 1. 表具体动作，谓语用第三人称单数 2. 用it作形式主语，真正主语后置，常用句式： ①It+be+名词+to do ②It+be+adj.+for/of sb. to do ③It takes sb.+时间+to do To finish the task is his goal. 完成任务是他的目标。 It’s kind of you to help me. 你帮我真是太好了。 It took her 2 hours to cook dinner. 她花了2小时做晚饭。 作表语 常位于系动词之后，通常可以和主语进行位置互换。 Her plan is to travel around China. 她的计划是环游中国。 作宾语 1. 作某些动词（want、know等）的宾语 2. find/think后用it作形式宾语 3. 接“疑问词+to do” I want to buy a new phone. 我想买一部新手机。 I find it easy to learn English. 我觉得学英语很简单。 She doesn’t know how to use the machine. 她不知道怎么用这台机器。 作宾语补足语 1. 接在tell、ask等动词后作宾语补足语 2. 使役/感官动词后宾语补足语省略to（被动还原to） 助记口诀：一感 (feel), 二听 (hear, listen to), 三让 (let, make, have), 四看 (see, watch, notice, observe), 半帮助 (help)。 注意:help 后面可以跟不带 to 的不定式，也可以跟带 to 的不定式。 Mom asked me to clean the room. 妈妈让我打扫房间。 He was made to work 10 hours a day. 他被迫每天工作10小时。 My sister often helps me (to) practice my spoken English. 我姐姐经常帮我练习英语口语。 作状语 1.作目的状语（表示某一动作或状态的目的）。既可放在句首，也可放在句尾。 2.作结果状语，常用结构：so...as to..., too...to..., ...enough to ..., only to do...。 3.作原因状语，通常用于 sorry, surprised, glad等表示情感的形容词后。 To catch the early bus (目的), we got up at 5. 为了赶早班车，我们5点就起床了。 He is too tired to walk (结果). 他太累了走不动。 She was excited to get the invitation to the party.(原因) 收到派对邀请函时，她兴奋不已。 作定语 1. 后置修饰名词/复合不定代词，常为动宾关系 2. 不及物动词需加介词 3. 接在time、way、chance、ability等抽象名词后 I have a meeting to attend. 我有个会议要参加。 There is a chair to sit on. 有一把可以坐的椅子。 We have no time to waste. 我们没有时间可以浪费。 作独立 成分 这种不定式独立于句子之外，表示说话者的态度、语气等，又称为评论性状语。常用作独立成分的不定式短语， 如：to be honest 老实说；to begin with 首先；to tell you the truth 说实话。 To tell you the truth, I’m a little nervous. 说实话，我有点紧张。 【要点归纳】常见的只接不定式作宾语的动词（短语） afford 负担得起 (dis)agree (不)同意 choose 选择 decide 决定 expect 预计，期待 fail 失败 wish/hope 希望 ask/beg请求 manage 完成 pretend 假装 offer 主动提出 plan 计划 promise 承诺 hesitate犹豫 want 想要 volunteer 自愿 refuse 拒绝 aim 旨在 happen to do 碰巧做某事 would like/love to do 想要做某事 be willing to do 愿意做某事 be ready to do sth. 准备好做某事 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 【易错提醒】省略to的情况归纳 1.在感官动词（see, feel, hear, watch, notice 等）及使役动词（let, have, make）后接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但被动语态中，需要还原 to。如： 主动：I heard her sing a song just now.我刚才听见她唱了首歌。 被动：She was heard to sing a song just now.刚才有人听见她唱了首歌。 主动：The teacher made him clean the blackboard.老师让他擦黑板。 被动：He was made to clean the blackboard by the teacher.他被老师要求擦黑板。 2.动词 help 后用作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式可省略 to，也可不省略 to（即：help (sb.) to do sth./help (sb.) do sth.） 例句：Could you help me (to) carry this bag? 你能帮我提这个袋子吗？  3.在句型 Why (not)...?“为什么 (不)……？” 中常常省略 to。 例句：Why not go for a walk after dinner? 晚饭后为什么不出去散步呢？ 4.介词 but, except 表示 “除了……” 时，若but, except 之前有实义动词do的各种时态形式，则省略不定式符号to；若无，则需保留。 例句：She had no choice but to finish the report tonight. 她今晚除了完成报告别无选择。 （but前无实义动词do，保留to） They did nothing but play games all day. 他们一整天除了玩游戏什么也没做。 （but前有do的过去式did，省略 to） (5) 两个或两个以上的动词不定式短语并列时，通常第二个动词不定式省略 to。 例句：She plans to go shopping and buy some gifts. 她打算去购物并买些礼物。 (6) 主语部分含有实义动词 do 时，作表语的动词不定式可省略 to。 例句：What we need to do is (to) prepare for the exam. 我们需要做的是准备考试。 一、语法选择 1. （2025·广州）They aren’t dangerous, so I decided it quietly. Then it slowly swam away. A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watched 【答案】C 【解析】句意：它们并不危险，所以我决定静静地观察它。 watch观看，动词原形；watching现在分词；to watch动词不定式；watched过去式。decide to do sth“决定做某事”，所以空处用动词不定式to watch。故选C。 2.（2024·广州） So the government is taking action to stop people for a whole season every year.” Dad explained. A．fish B．fished C．to fish D．fishing 【答案】D 【解析】 句意：因此，政府正在采取行动，禁止人们每年一整个季节捕鱼。 fish 捕鱼，动词原形；fished 捕鱼，过去式/过去分词；to fish 捕鱼，不定式；fishing 捕鱼，现在分词/动名词。stop sb (from) doing sth“阻止某人做某事”，固定短语。故选D。 3.（2024·广州）“Now we are trying our best the penguin eggs. Do you want to help me?” Dad asked. A．protect B．to protect C．protecting D．protected 【答案】B 【解析】句意：现在我们正在尽最大努力保护企鹅蛋。 protect 保护，动词原形；to protect 保护，不定式；protecting 保护，现在分词/动名词；protected 保护，过去式/过去分词。try one’s best to do sth“尽某人最大努力做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用动词不定式。故选B。 4. （2025·广州·二模）The excitement is make you hold your breath. A．enough strong to B．too strong to C．strong enough to D．strong so that 【答案】C 【解析】句意：兴奋强烈到足以让你屏住呼吸。    enough strong to语序错误；too strong to太强烈而不能；strong enough to足够强烈可以；strong so that错误搭配。原文语境强调兴奋感“足以”让人屏住呼吸，根据句意“足以……”需用“enough to”且enough修饰形容词需后置（strong enough）。故选C。 5. （2025·广东）After finishing college, she decided in a restaurant. A．work B．working C．to work 【答案】C 【解析】句意：大学毕业后，她决定在一家餐馆工作。 work工作，动词原形；working工作，动名词或现在分词；to work工作，动词不定式。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用动词不定式作宾语。故选C。 6. （2024·广东）When he has saved enough money, Peter goes to the bookstores great books and donates them to children in need. A．buy B．to buy C．bought 【答案】B 【解析】句意：当他存了足够的钱，彼得去书店买好书，并把它们捐给有需要的孩子。 buy动词原形；to buy动词不定式；bought动词过去式。此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式，故选B。 二、选词填空 1. （2025·广东·三模）Besides, they have been following traditional fishing methods, trying to water pollution. （备选词avoid） 【答案】avoid 【解析】句意：此外，他们一直遵循传统的捕鱼方法，尽量避免水污染。根据“trying to…water pollution”及备选词可知，此处是表示避免污染。avoid“避免”，动词，空前有不定式符号to，动词用原形，故填avoid。 2. （2025·广东·二模） with rebuilding, Liu made bricks by using the rubble (瓦砾) left from fallen buildings. （备选词help） 【答案】To help 【解析】句意：为了帮助重建，刘用倒塌的建筑物留下的瓦砾做砖。根据“…with rebuilding, Liu made bricks by using the rubble (瓦砾) left from fallen buildings.”以及所给单词可知，此处表示为了帮助重建刘做的事情，help意为“帮助”，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填To help。 三、语法填空 1. （2025·深圳·一模） People wear new clothes, often in red, 2 (celebrate) the new year. 【答案】to celebrate 【解析】句意：人们穿新衣服（通常是红色的）来庆祝新年。根据“People wear new clothes...the new year”可知，此处需用不定式to celebrate表示目的。故填to celebrate。 2.（2025·深圳·三模） Liu Yi wrote it (encourage) people to protect the trees. 【答案】to encourage 【解析】句意：刘毅写这本书是为了鼓励人们保护这些树。根据“wrote it”可知，此处表示写书的目的，因此用不定式“to encourage”作目的状语。故填to encourage。 3. （2025·深圳·一模）This program aims (improve) the friendship and cooperation between the youth of both countries. 【答案】to improve 【解析句意：这个项目旨在增进两国青年之间的友谊和合作。aim to do sth.意为“旨在做某事”，固定搭配。故空处需动词不定式。故填to improve。 三、完成句子 1. （2024·广州）体育老师鼓励他们，并教他们如何能提高合作跑步的技巧。 Their PE teacher encouraged them and taught them improve their skills of running together. 【答案】 how to 【解析】“如何做某事”how to do sth，是“疑问词+不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。故填how；to。 2. （2025·广州·一模）拿残疾人开玩笑，这很不礼貌。 impolite to the disabled. 【答案】 It’s play jokes on 【解析】It’s+形容词+to do sth“做某事是……的”，it是形式主语，to do sth是真正主语；play jokes on sb“开某人玩笑”，故填It’s；play；jokes；on。 3.（2025·广东广州·二模）为了帮助这些老人，我们班上周组织了一次志愿者活动。 these old people, our class held a volunteer activity last week. 【答案】 In order to help 【解析】根据中英文提示可知，此处使用“in order to”表示“为了”，后接动词原形构成目的状语。“in order to help”置于句首时，首字母需大写，符合句子“为了帮助这些老人”的目的表达。故填In；order；to；help。 二、动名词 1.动名词的构成 动名词的构成基本形式为 “动词原形 + ing”；其否定形式 “not + 动名词”。 例句：Reading novels is my hobby. 读小说是我的爱好。 He apologized for not keeping his promise.他为没遵守承诺而道歉。 2.动名词的用法 功能 用法说明 例句 作主语 1.单个动名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 2. it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语，用于句型it is no use、no good、no point、no fun、a waste of time...+doing sth. 做某事是...的。 Reading English aloud every morning is helpful. 每天早上大声读英语很有帮助。 It is no good staying up late every day for students.对学生来说，每天熬夜是没好处的。 作宾语 作动词的宾语：表示一般的习惯性行为或经常性行为。 She practices playing the piano every weekend. 她每个周末都练习弹钢琴。 作介词的宾语：要注意to在短语中介词的情况。 He is good at solving math problems. 他擅长解决数学问题。 作表语 大多数情况下，动名词作表语时可与主语互换。 His favorite hobby is collecting stamps. 他最喜欢的爱好是集邮。 作定语 只表明所修饰词的用途等，位于所修饰词之前。 This is a reading room for students. 这是一间学生阅览室。 复合结构 中考偶尔会涉及动名词复合结构： 形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+动名词 His coming late made the teacher angry. 他迟到让老师很生气。 Do you mind my opening the window?你介意我开窗吗？ 【拓展补充】 后接动名词作宾语的常考动词/短语及口诀助记 类别 内容 动词 avoid避免, finish完成, mind介意, consider考虑, imagine想象, practice练习, enjoy喜欢, keep坚持, suggest建议, miss错过,admit承认, allow允许, risk 冒险 短语或句型结构 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事；be good at doing sth.擅长做某事；feel like doing sth.想要做某事；be worth doing sth.值得做某事；give up doing sth.放弃做某事；keep on doing sth.继续做某事；spend...(in) doing...,succeed in doing 成功做某事... to作介词：be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事；look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事；pay attention to doing sth. 留意某事；stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事... 口诀助记 完成练习值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy），继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be/get used to, give up）； 考虑建议不禁想（consider/suggest, can’t help, feel like），喜欢错过要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）。 3.既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语的动词 ①.意义相同:此类动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语时，含义基本一致，常见的有： like doing sth. / like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 love doing sth. / love to do sth. 喜爱做某事 hate doing sth. / hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事 prefer doing sth. / prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事 begin doing sth. / begin to do sth. 开始做某事 start doing sth. / start to do sth. 开始做某事 ②.意义不同:此类动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语时，含义差异较大，需重点区分，具体如下： stop doing sth.停止做某事（正在做的事） stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做) remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做) forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做) forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做) be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 used to do sth.过去常常做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事(已做) regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事(未做) can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 can’t help to do sth. 不能帮忙做某事 mean to do sth. 意图/ 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 go on to do sth. 继续做某事（另一件事） go on doing sth.继续做某事（同一件事） sb. need/want/require to do sth 某人需要做某事（主动） sth. need/want/require doing sth=to be done某事需要被做（被动） 【易错提醒】 1.不定式作主语与动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语与动名词作主语时常可互换，但不定式作主语表示具体的某一次行为或将来的动作；有时也可用 it 作形式主语，而把不定式后置；动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次动作。 To finish the task in one hour is difficult for me. （在一小时内完成这个任务对我来说很难 —— 表 “这一次特定的任务”） Swimming is good for health. （游泳有益健康 —— 表 “游泳” 这个抽象的行为） 一、语法选择 1.（2023·广州）Morning after morning, he practiced his wings, and they were getting stronger and stronger. A．flap B．to flap C．flapping D．flapped 【答案】C 【解析】句意：每天早上，日复一日，他练习拍打他的翅膀，并且它们变得越来越强壮了。 flap拍打，动词原形；to flap不定式；flapping现在分词；flapped过去式或过去分词。practiced doing sth“练习做某事”。故选C。 2.（2025·广东·二模）He spent weeks on his story. A．to work B．working C．worked 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他花了几个星期的时间来创作自己的故事。 to work动词不定式；working创作，动名词；worked创作，过去分词。spend+时间+doing，意为“花费时间做某事”，故选B。 3.（2025·广东·三模） Making lacquerware（漆器） patience and skills. A．require B．requires C．is required 【答案】B 【解析】句意：制作漆器需要耐心和技巧。 require动词原形；requires动词三单形式；is required一般现在时被动语态。根据“Making lacquerware … patience and skill.”可知，主语为动名词短语，视为单数，一般现在时中，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 二、选词填空 1. （2025·广东·一模）You can have an exciting experience by along the wall during the day. （备选词walk） 【答案】walking 【解析】句意：你可以在白天沿着城墙散步，这是一次令人兴奋的经历。根据“You can have an exciting experience by... along the wall during the day.”和备选词可知，你可以通过走路沿着长城来体验一次兴奋的经历，by为介词，后接动名词，walk的动名词形式为walking。故填walking。 2.（2025·广东·一模）Teachers say gardening students with nature and builds team work skills. （备选词connect） 【答案】connects 【解析】句意：老师们说园艺将学生与自然联系起来，并且培养团队合作技能。根据“Teachers say gardening … students with nature and builds team work skills.”可知，此处指园艺将学生与自然联系起来，备选词connect“联系”符合语境，“connect...with...”表示“把……和……联系起来” ，句子时态为一般现在时，主语gardening是动名词，看作单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式connects。故填connects。 三、完成句子 1. （2025·广州）我计划花一个下午教他们制作一个电子相册。 I planned to a whole afternoon them to make an electronic photo album. 【答案】 spend teaching 【解析】花时间做某事：spend time doing sth.；动词不定式符号to后加动词原形；教：teach。故填spend；teaching。 2.（2025·广东广州·三模）最近一项研究显示，很多人白天都习惯坐着。 According to a recent research, many people in the daytime. 【答案】 are used to sitting 【解析】be used to doing sth“习惯于做某事”，句子描述的事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是复数，be用are；sit“坐”，动名词为sitting。故填are；used；to；sitting。 3. 我们应该帮助那些不熟悉数字设备的老年人而不是取笑他们。 We should help the elderly who are not familiar with digital devices instead of them. 【答案】 making fun of 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“取笑”，对应的英文是make fun of。又因为“instead of”中的of是介词，后接动名词形式，所以make要变为making。故填making；fun；of。 4. 在春天，我们期待在校园里种树。 In spring, we trees at school. 【答案】 look forward to planting 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“期待”和“种”，“期待做某事”look forward to doing sth.，“种”plant；此处陈述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语“we”后接动词原形。故填look；forward；to；planting。 三、分词 1. 分词的分类与构成 分词主要包括现在分词 (v. -ing) 和过去分词 (v. -ed)。否定形式为 “not + 分词”。 例句： The singing girl is my cousin.唱歌的女孩是我表妹。（作定语） The broken window will be repaired next week. 破损的窗户将于下周修复。 （作定语） Not knowing this, he asked a question.因为不知道这件事，他问了一个问题。（做状语） Not invited, she stayed at home.没被邀请，她就待在了家里。（做状语） 2. 现在分词与过去分词的用法区别 功能 用法 例句 作定语 单个分词作定语时，常位于所修饰词的前面；分词短语作定语时，常位于所修饰词的后面 A running boy caught my attention. 一个正在跑步的男孩吸引了我的注意。 The book written by Lu Xun is worth reading. 这本鲁迅写的书值得一读。 作状语 现在分词作伴随状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；过去分词作状语时，其逻辑宾语为句子的主语 She walked along the street, singing a happy song. 她沿着街道走，唱着一首欢快的歌。 Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful. 从山顶看，这座城市看起来很美。 作表语（重点） 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示主语所处的状态或感受 The film is interesting. 这部电影很有趣。 She was interested in the beautiful scenery. 她对这美丽的景色很感兴趣。 作宾语补足语 宾语与宾语补足语在逻辑上为主动关系或表示动作正在进行用现在分词；反之，为被动关系或表示动作已完成用过去分词 I noticed a stranger standing at the gate. 我注意到一个陌生人站在门口。 We should get the broken window repaired as soon as possible. 我们应该尽快把破窗户修好。 【易错提醒】 ①. 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。 如：a moving film 一场感人的电影，the moved people 被感动的人们； ②. 在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 如：developing countries 发展中国家，developed countries 发达国家； ③. 形容词化的分词作表语： 现在分词作表语时，已具备形容词的语法性质，其核心作用是说明主语本身的性质、特征或固有属性，能体现主语 “令人产生某种感受” 的特质，主语通常为事物、事件。少数情况下，现在分词作表语描述人时，是指人 “本身具有令人…… 的特质”。 过去分词作表语时，它们大多数是已经形容词化的，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词，表示主语所处的状态或感受。过去分词多用来修饰人、人的声音、人的情感或表情。 例：The boy is very annoying. 这男孩很烦人。(令人烦恼的) The loud noise is so annoying. 噪音是如此的令人烦恼的。(令人烦恼的) She looked annoyed when he interrupted her. 他打断她时，她显得很不耐烦。（感到烦恼的） 【知识拓展】常见形容词化的分词 现在分词 主动意义 过去分词 被动意义 exciting 令人兴奋的，激动人心的 excited 兴奋的，激动的 frightening 吓人的 frightened 受惊吓的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的，失望的 pleasing 令人高兴的 pleased 高兴的，满意的 satisfying 令人满意的 satisfied 感到满意的 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 moving 令人感动的 moved 受感动的，感动的 interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 amusing 有趣的，给人娱乐的 amused 感到有意思的 puzzling 令人迷惑不解的 puzzled 感到困惑不解的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 受到鼓舞的 tiring 令人厌倦的/劳累的 tired 感到疲倦的 convincing 令人信服的 convinced 感到信服的 一、语法选择 1. The background music of the movie sounds so ______ that the audience began to cheer. A. excite B. excitement C. exciting D. excitedly 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这部电影的背景音乐听起来如此激动人心，以至于观众们开始欢呼起来。考查形容词作表语。excite 使兴奋，动词；excitement 兴奋，名词；exciting 令人兴奋的，形容词；excitedly 兴奋地，副词。根据 “The background music of the movie sounds so...that the audience began to cheer.” 可知，此处应用形容词作表语。故选 C。 2.The kids seemed ______ to see the giant dinosaur skeletons in the history museum. A. excite B. excited C. excitedly D. excitement 【答案】B 【解析】句意：孩子们看到历史博物馆里的巨型恐龙骨架似乎很兴奋。考查形容词化的过去分词作表语。excite 使兴奋，动词；excited 感到兴奋的，是形容词化的过去分词，用于描述人的主观感受；excitedly 兴奋地，副词，多用来修饰动词；excitement 兴奋，名词，可作主语或宾语等成分。句中 “seem” 为系动词，其后需接形容词作表语，用来体现孩子们自身的情绪状态，因此用 excited。故选 B。 二、短文填空 1.（2025·广东广州·二模）What would you do if you saw a mountain gorilla? Most people would probably be very f and run away! That’s because gorillas have a very terrible appearance.（首字母填空） 【答案】(f)rightened 【解析】句意：如果看到山地大猩猩，你会怎么做？大多数人可能会非常害怕并跑开！这是因为大猩猩的外表很可怕。根据“run away”和“terrible appearance”可知，人们会感到恐惧。“frightened”作形容词表示“害怕的，受惊的”，符合语境。故填(f)rightened。 2.（2025·广东·三模）To her surprise, now she can have a good sleep at night and she feels so with the result.（备选词satisfy） 【答案】satisfied 【解析】句意：她对结果感到非常满意。根据“with the result”和备选词汇可知，对结果感到非常满意，satisfy“满意”符合语境，由“feel”可知，其后用形容词修饰人，用satisfied“满意的”。故填satisfied。 3.（2025·广东深圳·一模）If I live in a family like this as a child, I would feel (stress).”（语法填空） 【答案】stressed 【解析】句意：如果我是这样一个家庭的孩子，我会感到有压力。根据“feel”可知，此处需要形容词作表语，表示“有压力的”，且是形容人的感受，故填stressed。 一、单项选择 1. My mother told me _______ too much TV. A．not watch B．not to watch C．watch not D．to not watch 【答案】B 【解析】句意:我妈妈告诉我不要看太多电视。 考查动词短语。“tell sb. to do sth.” 表示 “告诉某人做某事”，其否定形式是 “tell sb. not to do sth.”，对应的是B选项，故选B。 2．（2025·江苏宿迁）Kitty will go to the English Corner ______ her English this Saturday afternoon. A．to practise B．practising C．practised D．practise 【答案】A 【解析】句意：基蒂这个星期六下午要去英语角练习英语。 考查非谓语动词。to practise练习，动词不定式形式；practising练习，现在分词或动名词形式；practised练习，过去式或过去分词形式；practise练习，动词原形。根据句子结构可知，空处应是动词不定式作目的状语，表示去英语角的目的是练习英语。故选A。 3.（2025·西藏）Our teacher advises us ________ ourselves in the sunshine. A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoyed D．enjoying 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们的老师建议我们在阳光下享受（美好时光）。 考查非谓语动词。“advise sb. to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“建议某人做某事”，根据“Our teacher advises us...ourselves in the sunshine.”可知，此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选B。 4．（2025·吉林长春）________ eyes healthy, we students should spend less time on screens. A．To keep B．Keep C．Kept D．Keeping 【答案】A 【解析】句意：为了保持眼睛健康，我们学生应该少花时间在屏幕前。 考查非谓语动词。根据“...eyes healthy”可知，学生少花时间在屏幕前是为了保持眼睛健康，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了保持眼睛健康”。故选A。 5．（2025·天津）The government is developing new plans ________ ancient buildings. A．protect B．to protect C．protects D．protected 【答案】B 【解析】句意：政府正在制定新计划以保护古建筑。 考查非谓语动词。根据“The government is developing new plans...ancient buildings.”可知，制定新计划是为了保护古建筑，故此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故空格处需用to protect。故选B。 6.He avoided __________ mistakes by practicing it over and over again. A．made B．making C．to make D．makes 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他通过反复练习来避免犯错。 考查非谓语动词。made过去式或过去分词；making动名词或现在分词；to make不定式；makes第三人称单数形式。根据“He avoided...mistakes by practicing it over and over again.”可知，“avoid doing sth.”是固定用法，表示“避免做某事”，所以此处要用“make”的动名词形式“making”来作“avoided”的宾语。故选B。 7.—So far, Hi Mom is one of the most ________ films I’ve ever seen. —That’s true, It is well worth ________ again. A．move; see B．moved; to see C．moving; seeing D．moved; seeing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——到目前为止，《你好，李焕英》是我看过的最感人的电影之一。 ——真的，很值得再看一遍。 考查形容词辨析和非谓语动词。move感动，动词；moved感动的，修饰人；moving令人感动的，修饰物。根据“So far, Hi Mom is one of the most…films I’ve ever seen.”可知，此处修饰的是电影，应该用moving修饰；be worth doing sth.意为“值得做某事”，形容词短语，第二个空填seeing。故选C。 8. (易错辨析)We often hear the girl ________ in the next room. A．sing B．to sing C．singing D．sings 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们经常听到这个女孩在隔壁房间唱歌。 考查非谓语动词。根据“often”可知，hear在这里表示“听到整个过程”，常用结构hear sb. do sth.“听到某人做某事”，强调动作的完成性、经常性。故选A。 9.（易错辨析）When I opened my eyes, I saw Melissa ________ at the end of my bed. A．stand B．standing C．to stand D．stood 【答案】B 【解析】句意：当我睁开眼睛时，我看到Melissa站在我的床尾。 考查非谓语动词。根据“When I opened my eyes”可知，此处表示睁眼时正看到的事情，用see sb doing sth“看见某人正做某事”。故选B。 10.According to rules, people aren’t allowed ________ in public, such as schools, hospitals and so on. A．smoking B．smoke C．to smoke D．smoked 【答案】C 【解析】句意：根据规定，人们不被允许在公共场所抽烟，如学校，医院等。 考查非谓语动词。be allowed to do sth意为“被允许做某事”，固定搭配，所以此处用动词不定式to smoke，故选C。 11. Jenny is afraid ________ by plane. She always feels nervous when getting on it.   A．to travel       B．travelling       C．travels       D．travel 【答案】A 【解析】句意：珍妮害怕坐飞机旅行。她上车时总是感到紧张。 考查非谓语动词。be afraid to do sth.“害怕做某事”。故选A。 12. The little girl was too frightened _______ a word. A．not to tell B．not to say C．to tell D．to say 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这个小女孩太害怕了以至于不能说一句话。 考查非谓语以及动词辨析。too...to...太……以至于不能……，本身表示否定，排除A和B；tell讲述，say说（后接说话的内容），根据句意可知，表示“说一句话”，故选D。 13.We live in an information age, so we have more chances ________ ourselves. A．to improve B．improve C．improved D．improves 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们生活在信息时代，因此我们有更多提升自我的机会。    考查非谓语动词。根据“so we have more chances ... ourselves.”可知，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词“chances”，表示“提升自我的机会”。故选A。 14.(易错辨析)（2024·内蒙古）The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs. A．write; showing B．writing; show C．write; show D．writing; showing 【答案】A 【解析】句意：老师们过去常常在黑板上写关键点，但现在他们习惯于通过PPT展示。 考查非谓语动词。used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”，可排除BD选项；get used to doing sth表示“习惯于做某事”，可排除C选项。故选A。 15. I think ________ resolutions at the beginning of a year is a good way to improve our lives. A．making B．make C．makes D．made 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我认为在新年伊始制定新年计划是改善我们生活的好方法。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，think后接宾语从句，此空在从句中作主语，应填动名词，故选A。 16.（2024·江苏宿迁）By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall. A．find B．found C．to find D．finding 【答案】D 【解析】句意：通过阅读公共标志，他毫不费力地找到了购物中心。 考查动名词作宾语。have difficulty in doing sth“做某事有困难”。故选D。 17.—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.    —Well, now I regret ________ that. A．to do B．to be doing C．to have done D．having done 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你很勇敢，在会上提出了反对意见。——现在我后悔这么做了。 考查动词时态。根据“You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.”可知，表示对已发生的事感到后悔，应该接动名词，且强调动作在“后悔”前已完成，用having done，故选D。 18.—Would you mind me ________ the door? —________. It’s too hot in it. Let’s air the room. A．to open; Never mind B．opening; Never mind C．opening; Of course not D．to open; Of course not 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你介意我开门吗？——当然不。里面太热了。让我们给房间通风。 考查非谓语动词及情景交际。never mind没关系；of course not当然不。mind sb. doing sth.“介意某人做某事”，固定词组；根据第二个空空后的“It’s too hot in it. Let’s air the room.”可知，此处表示当然不介意，应用Of course not。故选C。 19. （易错辨析）Nowadays teachers feel they can’t help ________ reading materials suitable for every student, so they encourage them ________ English by Internet. A．finding; learning B．to find; learning C．finding; to learn D．to find; to learn 【答案】D 【解析】句意：现在老师感觉他们不能帮助每一个学生找到合适的阅读材料，所以他们鼓励学生自己在网上学习英语。 考查非谓语动词的用法。 根据“can’t help... reading materials suitable for every student”可知，第一空处指“无法帮助找到材料”，需can't help to do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，故第一空需动词不定式；encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，固定搭配，故第二空需动词不定式。故选D。 20. The heavy rain prevented us from ________ the outdoor activities as planned, so we had to stay in the classroom. A．organize B．to organize C．organizes D．organizing 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这场大雨阻止了我们按计划组织户外活动，所以我们不得不待在教室里。   考查非谓语动词。organize组织，动词原形；to organize不定式；organizes三单形式；organizing动名词/现在分词。根据“The heavy rain prevented us from”可知，“prevent sb. from doing sth.”是一个固定短语，意思是“阻止某人做某事”，其中“from”是介词，后面需要接动词的-ing形式。故选D。 21. I think it is necessary for college students _________ part in some social activities. A．take B．taking C．to take D．took 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我认为大学生有必要参加一些社交活动。 考查非谓语动词。take动词原形；taking动名词形式；to take动词不定式形式；took过去式。“It is+形容词 +for sb.+to do sth.”是一个常见的固定句型 ，表达“做某事对于某人来说是……的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式“to do sth.”。在本题中，应用动词不定式“to take...”作真正的主语。故选C。 22.（易错题）—Why didn’t you hang out with us? —I was made ________ with chores at home. A．help B．to help C．helped D．helping 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你为什么不和我们一起玩？——我被迫在家帮忙做家务。 考查非谓语动词。be made to do sth意为“被迫做某事”。故选B。 23.（易错题）More attention should be paid to ________ the environment. A．protect B．protecting C．protected D．to protect 【答案】B 【解析】句意：应该更加注意保护环境。 考查非谓语动词。protect保护，动词原形；protecting保护，动名词或现在分词；protected保护，过去式或过去分词；to protect保护，动词不定式。根据“More attention should be paid to...the environment.”可知，此处是固定搭配pay attention to doing sth.“注意做某事”，其中to是介词，后接动名词作宾语，所以用protecting。故选B。 24. The scientists are busy ______ new energy sources to solve the energy problem. A．research B．to research C．researching D．researched 【答案】C 【解析】句意：科学家们正忙着研究新能源来解决能源问题。     考查非谓语动词。research动词原形；to research动词不定式；researching动词-ing形式；researched过去式，过去分词。be busy doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事”，因此空格处应填动词的-ing形式。故选C。 25.—My computer broke down. What should I do? —Why not ________ a new one? A．to consider to buy B．to consider buying C．consider to buy D．consider buying 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——我的电脑坏了。我该怎么办？——为什么不考虑买一台新的呢？ 考查特殊疑问句和非谓语作宾语。why not后接动词原形，所以排除A和B；consider后面接动词-ing形式，即consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”，故选D。 26. My mother often reminds me ________ my phone when doing homework. A．not to check B．not check C．don’t check D．didn’t check 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我妈妈经常提醒我做作业时不要查看手机。 考查非谓语动词。remind sb not to do sth“提醒某人不要做某事”，空处填动词不定式的否定形式。check的不定式否定形式为not to check。故选A。 27.There are so many beautiful scarves, I don’t know _________ . A．how to buy B．what to buy C．to choose which one D．which one to buy 【答案】D 【解析】句意：有那么多漂亮的围巾，我不知道买哪一条。 考查宾语从句。how to buy如何购买；what to buy买什么；to choose which one选择哪一个；which one to buy买哪一个。根据“There are so many beautiful scarves…”，可知，此处询问的是，不知道自己该买哪一个。应该用“which one to buy” 表示哪一个，多条围巾中选一条。故选D。 28. We found it very interesting ________ English. A．learning B．to learn C．learn D．learns 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们发现学习英语很有趣。 考查非谓语动词。根据“We found it very interesting...English.”可知，此处为“find it+adj.+to do”结构，意为“发现做某事是怎么样的”，it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正宾语。故选B。 29. She prefers ________ rather than ________ TV. A．swimming; watching B．to swimming; watching C．to swim; watch D．to swim; watching 【答案】C 【解析】句意：她宁愿游泳也不愿看电视。 考查非谓语动词。prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”，动词短语。故选C。 30. The news from the front was so ________ that many people couldn’t help crying. A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excites 【答案】B 【解析】句意：来自前线的消息如此令人激动，以至于很多人都忍不住哭了。考查分词作表语。excited 意为 “感到激动的”，常用来修饰人；exciting 意为 “令人激动的”，常用来修饰事物；excite 是动词原形，意为 “使激动”；excites 是动词第三人称单数形式。本句主语为the news（事物），需要用 - ing 形式的分词作表语，体现事物本身的性质，故选 B。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. The teacher asked us____________ (finish) our homework before dinner. 【答案】to finish 【解析】考察不定式作宾语补足语。固定结构 “ask sb. to do sth.” 表示 “要求某人做某事”，故填 to finish。 2. My mother enjoys____________ (cook) delicious food for the family at weekends. 【答案】cooking 【解析】考察动名词作宾语。动词 enjoy 后接动名词作宾语，构成 “enjoy doing sth.” 的固定搭配，意为 “喜欢做某事”，故填 cooking。 3. It’s necessary for students____________ (keep) a balanced diet every day. 【答案】to keep 【解析】考察不定式作真正宾语。固定句型 “It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth.” 中，it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式，故填 to keep。 4. The little boy was seen___________(fall) off his bike on the way to school yesterday. 【答案】to fall 【解析】考察不定式的被动结构。感官动词 see 在被动语态中，其后的省略 to 的不定式要还原 to，即 “be seen to do sth.”，意为 “被看到做某事”，故填 to fall。 5. She practices _______________ (play) the piano for two hours every afternoon to prepare for the competition. 【答案】playing 【解析】考察动名词作宾语。固定搭配 “practice doing sth.” 表示 “练习做某事”，practice 后接动名词，故填 playing。 6. The book is so interesting that I can’t stop ______________ (read) it in class. 【答案】reading 【解析】考察动名词作宾语。固定搭配 “can’t stop doing sth.” 表示 “忍不住做某事”，stop 后接动名词，故填 reading。 7. It’s polite ______________(not speak) loudly in public places. 【答案】not to speak 【解析】考察不定式的否定形式。固定句型 “It’s + adj. + to do sth.” 的否定形式为 “It’s + adj. + not to do sth.”，不定式的否定直接在 to 前加 not，故填 not to speak。 8. Would you mind _____________ (open) the window? It’s too hot in the room. 【答案】opening 【解析】本题考察动名词作宾语。固定句型 “Would you mind doing sth.?” 表示 “你介意做某事吗？”，mind 后接动名词，故填 opening。 9.The broken bike needs_____________ (repair) before it can be used again. 【答案】repairing/to be repaired 【解析】本题考察动名词的主动形式表被动意义。固定用法 “need doing = need to be done”，表示 “某物需要被……”，故填 repairing（也可填 to be repaired）。 10._____________ (catch) the early bus, he got up at five o’clock in the morning. 【答案】To catch 【解析】本题考察不定式作目的状语。此处用不定式 to catch 表示 “为了赶上早班车”，体现动作的目的，故填 To catch。 三、完成句子 1. 咨询师Linda花了两个小时跟Andy沟通。 the counselor Linda two hours with Andy. 【答案】 It took to communicate 【解析】It takes sb. time to do sth“花费某人多长时间做某事”，根据语境可知句子应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式took；communicate with sb“与某人沟通”。故填It；took；to；communicate。 2.上周，机器人还给我们展示如何利用植物制作点心。 Last week, the robot also showed us dim sum with plants. 【答案】 how to make 【解析】根据题干可知，how to do表示“如何做”；make表示“制作”。故填how；to；make。 3. 你想参加乒乓球比赛吗？ you like to the table tennis match? 【答案】 Would take part in 【解析】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“想参加”。would like to do表示“想要做”，此句是一般疑问句，would放句首，首字母大写；take part in“参加”。故填Would；take；part；in。 4.汤姆教杰克怎样避免犯错误，并鼓励他下次取得好成绩。 Tom taught Jack mistakes and encouraged him to get a good result next time. 【答案】 how to avoid making 【解析】根据句意可知，此处表示“怎样避免犯”，“怎样”用疑问词“how”，“避免做某事”是“avoid doing sth.”，“犯错误”是“make mistakes”，所以“避免犯错误”是“avoid making mistakes”，结合前面的“教某人做某事”用“teach sb. how to do sth.”结构，故填how；to；avoid；making。 5.（2025·广东广州·一模）自2018年贸易战开始以来，许多中国科技公司已被阻止在美国市场销售产品。 Since the trade war started in 2018, many Chinese tech companies from products in the US market. 【答案】 have been stopped selling 【解析】根据时间状语 “Since the trade war started in 2018”，主句需用现在完成时；本题考查固定结构 “stop sb. from doing sth.”（阻止某人做某事），介词 from 后接动名词，故 sell 要变为 selling。由于主语 “many Chinese tech companies” 和动词 stop 是被动关系，因此要用现在完成时的被动语态（结构为 have been + 过去分词），主语为复数，故填 have；been；stopped；selling。 四、短文填空 A(语法填空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zara Lachlan is 21 years old and from the UK. She set off from Portugal in a rowing boat on October 27. She would be rowing across the Atlantic Ocean with no one else to help her. Zara faced many 1 (challenge) along the way. Big waves turned her boat over. She hurt her arm, cut her leg, and 2 (break) a finger. At one point, she was nearly run over by a large ship. When she was crossing through the Canary Islands, Zara ran into a big storm. And 3 kept her boat off course for some time. However, Zara was so strong-willed that she decided not 4 (give) up. Her goal was to be 5 youngest person to row across the Atlantic. For Zara, the trip was also a chance to see nature as few people ever do. She saw dolphins, sharks, and even killer whales. One time, she 6 (hit) by a flying fish. She says the trip gave her many memories that would stay 7 her for life. After 97 days, she 8 (successful) arrived in Guiana, on the coast of South America on February 1st, 2025. “I went through a hard time. It took a 9 (long) time than I had expected, 10 I’m still proud of my effort,” Zara says. 【答案】 1．challenges 2．broke 3．it 4．to give 5．the 6．was hit 7．with 8．successfully 9．longer 10．but 【导语】本文讲述了21岁的英国女孩Zara Lachlan独自划船穿越大西洋的经历，她克服了重重困难，最终成功抵达目的地，实现了自己的目标。 1．句意：Zara一路上面临着许多挑战。根据“many”可知，此处应用名词复数形式，“challenge”的复数形式是“challenges”。故填challenges。 2．句意：她伤了胳膊，割伤了腿，还折断了一根手指。根据“hurt”和“cut”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，“break”的过去式是“broke”。故填broke。 3．句意：并且这使她的船偏离航线一段时间。根据“And”可知，此处指代前文提到的“a big storm”，用代词“it”来指代这场大风暴。故填it。 4．句意：然而，Zara意志坚强，她决定不放弃。根据“decided not”可知，此处是固定搭配“decide not to do sth.”表示“决定不做某事”，因此用动词不定式“to give”。故填to give。 5．句意：她的目标是成为横渡大西洋最年轻的人。根据“youngest person”可知，此处表示最高级，因此用定冠词“the”修饰。故填the。 6．句意：有一次，她被一条飞鱼击中。根据“One time”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，且主语“she”与“hit”之间是被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was hit”。故填was hit。 7．句意：她说这次旅行给了她许多将终生难忘的回忆。“stay with sb.”表示“陪伴某人，与某人同在， 铭记于某人心中”，此处指记忆会陪伴她一生，因此用介词“with”。故填with。 8．句意：97天后，她于2025年2月1日成功抵达南美洲海岸的圭亚那。根据“arrived”可知，此处应用副词修饰动词，“successful”的副词形式是“successfully”。故填successfully。 9．句意：这比我预期的时间要长。根据“than”可知，此处应用比较级形式，“long”的比较级是“longer”。故填longer。 10．句意：这比我预期的时间要长，但我仍然为自己的努力感到骄傲。根据“It took a longer time than I had expected”和“I’m still proud of my effort”可知，前后两句之间是转折关系，因此用连词“but”表示“但是”。故填but。 B(选词填空) （亮点：谓语和非谓语综合考查）请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使其通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。方框中有两个词为多余项。 one  study  possible  invite  refuse  famous  she  that  physics  secret  succeed  become Do you have a dream for the future? Does it seem 1 right now? If the answer is yes, don’t lose heart. You actually have a lot in common with one of the 2 scientists of all time—Marie Curie. In 1867, Marie was born in Poland. She was a bright and curious child 3 did well in school. At the time, the University did not accept girls. But that didn’t stop young Marie. Instead, she learned 4 by herself. In 1891, she went to Sorbonne, a university in Paris that allowed women 5 there. Over the next few years, she completed the schoolwork in physics and maths. She also met French 6 Pierre Curie. The two married in 1895. Marie and Pierre worked closely together over the next ten years. Marie’s biggest discoveries came from studying uranium rays (铀射线). Her findings led to the field of atomic physics. Through their experiments, they 7 in discovering polonium (钋) and radium (镭). In 1903, Marie and Pierre Curie were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. Marie was the 8 woman to ever receive a Nobel Prize. That same year, she also became the first woman to get a Ph. D．(博士学位) from a French university. In 1911, Curie became the first person to win a second Nobel Prize for her work in chemistry. Since then, Marie Curie 9 famous around the world. In the same year, she 10 to attend the Solvay Conference on Physics with the other famous scientists of her day, including Albert Einstein. Let’s take her as a good example and put our effort into the dream in our hearts. 【答案】 1．impossible 2．most famous 3．that 4．secretly 5．to study 6．physicist 7．succeeded 8．first 9．has become 10．was invited 【导语】本文主要讲述了居里夫人克服障碍实现梦想，最终成为世界著名的人物。 1．句意：现在看起来不可能吗？根据“If the answer is yes, don’t lose heart.”可知，此处应该说现在看起来不可能，备选词possible改为impossible“不可能的”，作表语，故填impossible。 2．句意：事实上，你和有史以来最著名的科学家之一玛丽·居里有很多共同之处。根据“one of the…scientists of all time—Marie Curie.”可知，此处是说最著名的科学家之一，备选词famous符合语境，该句考查“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”的结构，因此填最高级。故填most famous。 3．句意：她是一个聪明而好奇的孩子，在学校表现很好。设空处需引导定语从句修饰“child”，用关系代词“that”。故填that。 4．句意：相反，她自己偷偷地学习。根据前文“At the time, the University did not accept girls.”可知，应该说她偷偷学习，备选词secret的副词secretly“秘密地”，修饰动词learned。故填secretly。 5．句意：1891年，她进入巴黎索邦大学，这是一所允许女性在那里学习的大学。根据“she went to Sorbonne, a university in Paris that allowed women”可知，此处是说这所大学允许女性学习，备选词study符合语境，固定搭配allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”，因此填不定式。故填to study。 6．句意：她还遇到了法国物理学家皮埃尔·居里。根据“She also met French…Pierre Curie”以及备选词汇可知，此处是说物理学家皮埃尔·居里，备选词physics改为physicist“物理学家”。故填physicist。 7．句意：他们通过实验成功地发现了钋和镭。根据“in discovering polonium (钋) and radium (镭).”可知，此处是说成功地发现了钋和镭。备选词succeed符合语境，固定搭配succeed in doing“成功做某事”，该句是一般过去时，动词填过去式。故填succeeded。 8．句意：玛丽是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性。此处是说居里夫人是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性，备选词one符合语境，需改为序数词first“第一”，故填first。 9．句意：从那时起，玛丽·居里就闻名世界。根据“famous around the world.”可知，此处是说玛丽·居里就开始闻名世界，备选词become符合语境，结合“Since then”可知，该句是现在完成时，主语是“Marie Curie”，故填has become。 10．句意：同年，她被邀请参加索尔维物理学会议，与她同时代的其他著名科学家，包括阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。此处指的她被邀请参加索尔维会议，备选词invite符合语境，该句是一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是“she”，be动词填“was”，动词改为过去分词“invited”。故填was invited。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $