内容正文:
专题04 动词和动词短语
目录
01考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 3
03 考点通关·靶向突破 3
一、动词的五种基本形式 4
二、动词的分类 5
1.助动词 5
2.系动词 8
3.情态动词 12
4.实义动词 17
三、动词短语 21
1. 动词短语分类 21
2、动词短语辨析 24
四、易混动词辨析(20组) 33
04 优题精选·练能提分 41
考点
课标要求
复习目标
动词的基本形式
· 掌握动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式、过去分词的变化规则及用法
1.系统梳理动词分类体系(如实义动词、情态动词、连系动词等),熟练掌握各类动词的核心语法规则,能精准解答单项选择、语法填空等题型中涉及的动词考点。
2.精准辨析中考高频动词及动词短语,牢记固定搭配、宾语位置及使用场景,提升语境下的动词选择与运用能力。
动词分类
· 正确运用实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词
动词短语
· 掌握“动词+介词/副词;动词+名词+介词;动词+副词+介词” 等短语的含义及用法
· 辨析易混易错动词及动词短语
易混动词辨析
命题预测
动词和动词短语是中考的必考点之一。主要有以下命题角度:系动词(高频)、助动词、实义动词(高频)、情态动词(高频)、动词短语(高频)、动词词义辨析(高频)等。
主要在语法选择、完形填空、语法填空、完成句子、写作运用中考查。
解题锦囊
锦囊 1:抓 “核心语义侧重”
明确动词 / 短语的语义差异(如 “invent 是‘创造新事物’,discover 是‘发现已有事物’”),先通过语义匹配排除明显不符的选项。
锦囊 2:看 “固定搭配要求”
依据动词的搭配规则(如 “spend 后接 on/doing,cost 主语是物”;“dress 后接人,wear 后接衣物”),通过介词、宾语类型(人 / 物)锁定正确选项。
锦囊 3:辨 “语境场景特征”
结合题目场景区分(如 “‘看比赛’用 watch,‘看书报’用 read” ,匹配场景对应的动词 / 短语。
锦囊 4:记 “中考高频用法”
优先调用中考常考搭配(如 “look forward to+doing”“advise sb. to do”),直接对应高频考点快速解题。
注意:解题时先抓语义,再核对搭配,结合场景验证,优先用高频用法提速。
一、动词的五种基本形式
形式
规则变化
例句
一般现在时第三人称单数
一般情况在动词后直接加-s
look→looks;work→works
以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词,后加-es
catch→catches;go→goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es
study→studies;try→tries
现在分词
一般情况在动词后直接加-ing
read→reading;go→going
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词,直接加-ing
see →seeing;toe→toeing
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing
love→loving;write→writing
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ing
cut→cutting;put→putting
少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie为y再加-ing
die→dying;lie→lying;tie→tying
过去式和过去分词
一般情况在动词后直接加-ed
ask→asked;help→helped
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,只加-d
like→liked;live→lived
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed
cry→cried;study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ed
stop→stopped;plan→planned
【易错提醒】
1. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词,变y为i再加- es,但元音字母+ y结尾(如 play、stay)直接加- s,不要误变 y。
例:play→plaies(×);play→plays(√)
2.以 “不发音的 e” 结尾的动词,必须先去e再加- ing,但若e发音(如see)则直接加- ing:
例:write→writeing(×) write→writing(√); see→seing(×) see→seeing(√)
3.少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie为y再加-ing 。
例:die→dying;lie→lying;tie→tying
二、动词的分类
分类
特点
例句
助动词
本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。
She is reading a book. 她正在看书。
We don’t like apples. 我们不喜欢苹果。
He has eaten breakfast. 他已经吃了早饭。
连系动词
本身有词义,不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。
This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。
The flowers smell good. 这些花闻起来很香。
They feel happy. 他们感到开心。
情态动词
本身有一定的意义,表示人的语气和情态,不可单独作谓语,须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。
I can sing. 我会唱歌。
You should study hard. 你应该努力学习。
May I use your ruler? 我可以用你的尺子吗?
实义动词
表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
She runs fast. 她跑得快。(不及物动词)
Please open the door. 请开门。(及物动词)
1.助动词
1.助动词be
人称
数
现在时态
过去时态
现在分词
过去分词
第一人称
单数
am
was
being
been
复数
are
were
第二人称
单数
are
were
复数
are
were
第三人称
单数
is
was
复数
are
were
【知识拓展】be的用法:be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。
1. "be+现在分词"构成进行时态。
Nancy is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 南希正坐在沙发上看报纸。
2. "be+及物动词的过去分词"构成被动语态。
The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。
2.助动词do
形式
肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
do
do not
don’t
第三人称单数
does
does not
doesn’t
过去式
did
did not
didn’t
【知识拓展】
1. 助动词 do、does、did 本身无实际词义,不能独立作谓语,主要用于构成否定句、疑问句,,三者的用法可根据时态和主语人称来归纳,具体如下:
do:适用于一般现在时,主语为第一人称(I、we)、第二人称(you)及复数名词 / 代词(they、the students 等)。
例:I don’t like this kind of music.我不喜欢这种音乐。
Do you go to school by bike?你骑自行车上学吗?
does:适用于一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数(he、she、it、Tom、the book 等),是 do 的第三人称单数形式。
例:She doesn’t play basketball after school.她放学后不打篮球。
Does he have a new pen?他有一支新钢笔吗?
did:适用于一般过去时,可用于所有人称及单复数主语,是 do/does 的过去式。
例:They didn’t finish their homework yesterday.他们昨天没完成作业。
Did they watch TV last night?他们昨晚看电视了吗?
2. "do/ does/did+动词原形"用在肯定句中,构成强调句。
I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。
3.助动词have
形式
肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
have
have not
haven’t
第三人称单数
has
has not
hasn’t
过去式
had
had not
hadn’t
【知识拓展】
助动词has/have与过去分词构成现在完成时态。
例:We haven’t seen each other for a long time. 我们很久没见面了。
助动词had与过去分词构成过去完成时态。
例:When I arrived at the station, the train had already left. 当我到达车站时,火车已经开走了。
4.助动词will, would, shall, should
形式
人称
否定式
缩略否定式
will
所有人称
will not
won't
would
所有人称
would not
wouldn't
shall
第一人称
shall not
shan't
should
所有人称
should not
shouldn't
【知识拓展】
1. will, shall 用于构成一般将来时,would,should 用于构成过去将来时。
You will have an English test tomorrow.明天你有英语小测验。
They said it would be fine the next day.他们说第二天会好起来的。
When shall I see you again?我何时再见到你?
2. shall主要用于第一人称(I/we),表示单纯的将来时态,现代英语中常被 will 替代,但在正式文体或疑问句中仍较常见。现代英语中常被 will 替代,但在正式文体或疑问句中仍较常见。
3. 当shall表义务 / 责任 / 命令:多用于第二、三人称,语气较为正式或严肃,常见于法律条文、规章制度等正式语境,意为 “必须、应当”。
例:You shall obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。
4. will, would, shall,should除了表示单纯的将来时间外,更多的情况是用作情态动词。
1. —________ your parents hard on you?
—Yes. I can never watch TV at home.
A.Do B.Did C.Are D.Were
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你父母对你很严厉吗?——对。我永远不能在家看电视。
考查一般疑问句及时态。Do,用于实义动词前构成否定句和疑问句;Did,do的三单形式;Are是,be的复数和第二人称单数现在时形式;Were是,be的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式。be hard on sb.“对某人严厉”,固定词组,此处指现在的状态,时态为一般现在时,主语为“your parents”,所以用are。故选C。
2. Eric ________ have a hat.
A.am not B.isn’t C.don’t D.doesn’t
【答案】D
【解析】句意:Eric没有帽子。
考查主谓一致。am not不是;don’t不,是do not的缩写;doesn’t不,用于主语为第三人称单数时;isn’t不是;句中have意为“有”,是实义动词,故用助动词构成否定句,排除AB。主语Eric是第三人称单数,应用does,故选D。
3.We _____ seen each other since we graduated from high school.
A. haven’t B. hasn’t C. hadn’t D. don’t have
【答案】A
【解析】句意:自从我们高中毕业以来,就再也没有见过面。考查现在完成时及主谓一致。根据 “since we graduated from high school”(since 引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时)可知,主句需用现在完成时,结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”,排除 C(过去完成时)和 D(一般现在时否定);主语 “We” 是第一人称复数,助动词需用 have,其否定形式为 haven’t,排除 B(hasn’t 用于第三人称单数)。故选 A。
2.系动词
系动词有一定的词义,但不完整,不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。
分类
常用词
例句
be动词
be(是)
This is my schoolbag. 这是我的书包。
感官类
look(看起来),feel(感觉),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)
The skirt looks nice. 这条裙子看起来很漂亮。
The cake tastes sweet. 这个蛋糕尝起来很甜。
变化类
turn,become,get,grow,go,
补充:come (true),fall (asleep/ill)
The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 树叶在秋天变黄。
He becomes a student. 他成为了一名学生。
It gets cold in winter. 冬天天气变冷。
表持续
keep(保持),remain(仍旧),stay(保持)
Keep the room clean. 保持房间干净。
She stays healthy. 她保持着健康的状态。
The door remains open. 门一直开着。
表象类
appear(似乎),seem(似乎,好像)
It seems/appears right.这似乎是正确的。
结果类
prove(证明),turn out(结果是)
The news proves true. 这个消息证明是真的。
It turns out fun. 结果很有趣。
知识拓展:
be用作系动词和助动词的区别
1.be作系动词时,后面要接表语,构成系表结构,说明主语的状态、性质、特征等,句中一般不含有实义动词。
He is ill.他病了。(说明主语的状态)
2.be作助动词时,用来协助主要动词,表示时态、语态、疑问、否定等,句中含有实义动词。
He is singing.他在唱歌。(帮助表示时态)
用法辨析:turn,become,get,grow,go
turn:强调事物在颜色或性质上的突然转变,尤其常和颜色类词汇搭配,也可用于描述事物性质的改变。
例:The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 秋天树叶变黄。
become:侧重状态的逐渐转变,且语体相对正式,既可以搭配抽象形容词,也能接表示职业、身份的名词。
例:She became a doctor last year. 她去年成为了一名医生。
get:这是口语中常用的表 “转变” 的系动词,强调转变动作的短暂性,还能和形容词比较级连用。
例:It gets dark early in winter in this city. 这座城市冬天天黑得很早。
China is getting stronger and stronger. 中国正变得越来越强大。
grow:它突出状态的自然、渐进式成长或变化,多用来描述和年龄、程度相关的转变。
例:The baby grows stronger with proper nutrition. 这个婴儿在充足营养的供给下长得越来越壮。 ◦
go:它通常表示状态向不好的方向转变,后面多接带有负面含义的形容词。
例:The food went bad because of the hot weather. 因为天气炎热,食物都变质了。
【易错提醒】
1. 既可用作实义动词,又可用作系动词的词:come, grow, look, get, keep, turn。
come实:来;来到 系:变得;成为
grow 实:种植;生长 系:变得
look 实:看 系:看起来
get 实:得到 系:变得
keep 实:保留,坚持 系:保持(某种状态)
turn 实:转向;翻 系:成为;变成
fall 实:掉落 系: 陷入(某种状态)
2.系动词通常不用于进行时态,但当 feel表示自身的感觉时,可以用于进行时态。
例:I am feeling hungry now.(我现在正觉得饿。)
3.系动词不能用于被动。
4. 系动词不能用副词来修饰,而需搭配形容词作表语,以体现主语的状态或特征。
一、语法选择/单项选择
1.(2025·广东广州·三模) At last, when the filming was done, the director felt .
A.satisfaction B.satisfied C.satisfying D.satisfyingly
【答案】B
【解析】句意:最后,当拍摄完成时,导演感到满意。
satisfaction满意,名词;satisfied满意的,形容词;satisfying令人满意的,形容词;satisfyingly令人满意地,副词。felt是系动词,后接形容词作表语,且此处表示“感到满意”,所以用satisfied。故选B。
2.(2025·江苏无锡)Sometimes I drink a lot of coffee to stay ________ in class.
A.wake B.awake C.sleep D.asleep
【答案】B
【解析】句意:有时我在课堂上喝很多咖啡来保持清醒。
考查词汇辨析及形容词作表语。wake唤醒,动词;awake醒着的,形容词;sleep睡觉,动词或名词;asleep睡着的,形容词。根据“Sometimes I drink a lot of coffee to stay ... in class.”可知,喝咖啡是为了保持清醒,由“stay”可知,此处应该用形容词awake作表语。故选B。
3.(2025·广东广州·模拟)This song ________ very beautiful. Many people like listening to it.
A.sounds B.feels C.smells D.tastes
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这首歌听起来非常美妙。很多人喜欢听它。
考查感官动词辨析。sounds听起来;feels感觉起来;smells闻起来;tastes尝起来。根据“This song”可知,歌曲是通过听觉来感受的,所以用“sounds”来表示“听起来”。故选A。
二、短文填空
1.(2025·广东·模拟)I felt a little when I heard a frightening sound after a bright flash of lightning. (备选词scare)
【答案】scared
【解析】句意:当我在一道耀眼的闪电后听到一个可怕的声音时,我感到有点害怕。根据“I felt a little … when I heard a frightening sound after a bright flash of lightning.”及备选词可知,felt是系动词,后接形容词,这里表示听到可怕的声音感到害怕。scare的形容词形式scared“感到害怕的”符合语境。故填scared。
1.(2025·深圳·二模) “I really feel (luck) to be here...(语法填空)
【答案】lucky
【解析】句意:“我真的很幸运能来到这里......”根据“I really feel...”可知,feel为系动词,后接形容词lucky“幸运的”作表语。故填lucky。
3.(2025·广州·模拟)Third, looking at distant objects can help relax our eyes. If we do this, our eyes will not get too t .(语篇填词)
【答案】tired
【解析】句意:如果我们这样做,我们的眼睛就不会太疲劳。根据“help relax our eyes”及首字母(t)可知,帮助眼睛放松是为了不让眼镜“疲劳”,tired“疲劳的”,形容词作表语。故填(t)ired。
3.情态动词
1.can和could的用法
(1). 表示 “能力”(can表现在能力;could表过去能力)
例:He can swim very fast. 他能游得很快。(现在能力)
My grandma could dance when she was young. 我奶奶年轻时会跳舞。(过去能力)
I can’t speak French. 我不会说法语。(否定能力)
2. 表示 “许可”(can表直接许可;could表委婉请求许可)
例:--- Can we play football here? 我们可以在这里踢足球吗?(直接请求)
--- Could I borrow your pen? 我可以借你的钢笔吗?(更委婉)
---Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 可以。/ 不可以。(could 提问的答语用can)
(3). 表示 “可能性”(can表客观/理论可能;could表委婉推测,可能性比can低)
例:It can get cold at night in spring. 春天的晚上可能会变冷。(客观可能)
He could be late. Let’s wait for him. 他可能会迟到,我们等他一下吧。(委婉推测)
(4). 表推测
肯定推测(can be 可能是,语气相对委婉,对推测的确定性不高。)
例:He can be in the library. 他可能在图书馆。
否定推测(can’t=“不可能”,语气肯定)
例:That can’t be Tom. He’s in Beijing now. 那不可能是汤姆,他现在在北京。
【易错提醒】
1.can 和 be able to 表 “能力” 时可通用,但can只有一般现在时(can)和一般过去时(could);而be able to可用于多种时态。另外,be able to不能表示“允许、可能性”。
例:I will be able to join the club next term. 下学期我就能加入社团了。
2.may和might的用法
may/might 主要表示 “许可、请求、祝愿、推测”,might 是 may 的过去式,既可以表示过去,也能让语气更委婉(可能性也比 may 更低)。
① 表示 “许可 / 请求”(may 比 can 更正式客气;might 更委婉)
----May I open the window? 我可以打开窗户吗?(正式请求)
否定回答:No, you mustn't(= 不可以,表禁止).
----Might I ask you a question? 我能问您一个问题吗?(更委婉,常用于礼貌场合)
回答:Yes, you may(不用 might). 可以。
② 表示 “祝愿”(仅用 may,常用于句首)
May you have a nice day! 祝你度过愉快的一天!
May our team win the game! 祝我们队赢得比赛!
③ 表示 “推测”(may=“可能”,可能性较高;might=“也许”,可能性更低)
She may be at home now. 她现在可能在家。(较有把握的推测)
It might rain this afternoon. 今天下午也许会下雨。(把握较小的推测)
He might have finished his homework. 他或许已经写完作业了。(对过去的推测)
④ 表示 “过去的许可”(might 为 may 的过去式)
When I was young, I might watch TV after finishing homework.我小时候做完作业后可以看电视。
【注意】can和may都可以用来表示请求或允许,但may比can更正式,更客气。
3.must、have to和should/ought to
(1)must意为“必须,应当”,含有一种命令的语气,比较生硬,不容商量。否定形式mustn't, 表示“不得”,“一定不要;禁止”。
如:You mustn't drive after drinking。你绝不能酒后驾车。
表 “必须”:You must finish your homework before dinner. 你必须在晚饭前完成作业。
表 “禁止”(mustn't):You mustn't pick flowers in the park. 你不许在公园里摘花。
表 “推测”(肯定句):It’s 10 o’clock. She must be in class. 现在 10 点了,她一定在上课。
(2) must 引导的疑问句回答
• 肯定:—Must I hand in the paper today? 我必须今天交作业吗?
—Yes, you must. 是的,你必须交。
• 否定:—Must I clean the room now? 我必须现在打扫房间吗?
—No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. 不,你不必。
(3) must 与 have to 的区别
• must(主观意愿):I must study hard for the exam. 我必须为考试努力学习。(自己想做)
• have to(客观需要):My mom is ill. I have to look after her. 我妈妈生病了,我得照顾她。(没办法)
(4)should/ought to意为“应当,应该”,表示建议或劝告,语气比较委婉,客气。
should的否定形式为shouldn’t。 ought to 的否定形式是ought not to。
如: You should get up early.You shouldn't eat too much sugar.
4.will和would
(1) 表请求 / 询问(would 更委婉)
will:Will you pass me the ruler? 你能把尺子递给我吗?
would:Would you please close the door? 你能关一下门吗?(更客气)
(2) 表 “愿意 / 邀请”(would like to do)
如:—Would you like to eat some cakes? 你想吃点蛋糕吗?
—Yes, I’d love to. 好呀,我很想吃。
—Would you like to go to the zoo with me? 你愿意和我一起去动物园吗?
—I’d love to, but I have to do my homework. 我很想去,但我得做作业。
【区别】would like 的两种用法
I’d like + 名词:I’d like an apple. 我想要一个苹果。
I’d like to + 动词原形:I’d like to visit my grandparents. 我想去看望我的爷爷奶奶。
5、shall用于第一人称 (I, we), 可以表示“将”和表示建议 “……好吗?”
•表 “将来”:We shall visit our hometown next month. 我们下个月要回故乡。
•表 “建议 / 征求意见”(常用句型:Shall we...?):
例: Shall we go for a walk after dinner? 晚饭后我们去散步好吗?
6.had better 意为“最好......”,多用于第二人称。否定形式为“had better not”
例:You’d better take an umbrella. 你最好带一把伞。
He’d better not miss the train. 他最好别错过火车。
7. used to 表示 “过去常常做某事”(现在已不这样),强调过去与现在的对比,中考常考否定式和句型转换。
• 肯定形式:used to + 动词原形
例:I used to walk to school. 我过去常常步行上学。(现在可能不步行了)
例:They used to play basketball on weekends. 他们过去常在周末打篮球。
• 否定形式(两种均可,中考均为考点):
① didn’t use to + 动词原形(更口语化,中考高频)
例:She didn’t use to eat spicy food. 她过去不喜欢吃辣的食物。
② usedn’t to + 动词原形(书面化,需掌握)
例:He usedn’t to watch TV late. 他过去不熬夜看电视。
【易错提醒】
1.由may或might引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may/can;否定回答用can't/mustn't。
例如:—May/Might I sit here?我可以坐在这儿吗?
—Yes,you may/can./No,you can't/mustn't.是的,你可以。/不,你不能。
2.以must开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must/have to/has to;否定回答用needn't/don't have to/doesn't have to.
例如:—Must I finish the paper today?—今天我必须完成论文吗?
—Yes,you must./No,you needn’t/don’t have to.—是的,你必须。/不,你不必。
3. 以need开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't。
—Need I go to the company at once?我需要立刻去公司吗?
—Yes,you must./No,you needn't.是的,你必须。/不,你不必。
4.could引导一般疑问句用于表示“请求许可”,回答时要用can,不能用could。
例如:—Could I use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗?
—Yes,you can./No, you can't.是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。
1.(2025·广州)All I’d learned about sharks rushed into my head. I knew I 11 slowly back away, but my curiosity (好奇心) got the best of me.
A.would B.could C.might D.should
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我知道我应该慢慢地游回去,但我的好奇心战胜了我。
would将会;could能够;might可能;should应该。根据“All I’d learned about sharks rushed into my head.”以及“slowly back away”可知,此处表示知道应该慢慢地游回去。故选D。
2.(2024·广州)Penguins find enough food for their babies. So the government is taking action to stop people fishing for a whole season every year.” Dad explained.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意:企鹅找不到足够的食物喂它们的宝宝。
mustn’t 禁止;needn’t 不必;can’t 不能;shouldn’t 不应该。根据“fishermen in this area catch too many fish”可知,渔民过度捕捞,应是导致企鹅不能找到足够的食物。故选C。
3.(2024·广东)She thinks it is a smart choice to give Peter pocket money. “This habit help Peter manage money well,” she says.
A.need B.must C.can
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这个习惯可以帮助彼得更好地理财。
need需要;must必须;can可以。根据“This habit...help Peter manage money well”可知,这个习惯可以帮助彼得更好地理财。故选C。
4.(2025·天津)You ________ tell Jim the good news because I’ve told him already.
A.need B.needn’t C.can D.can’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意:你不必告诉Jim这个好消息,因为我已经告诉他了。
考查情态动词。need需要;needn’t不必;can能;can’t不能。根据“because I’ve told him already”可知,我已经告诉他这个好消息了,故你应是不需要再做某事,即不必再做这件事。故选B。
5.(2025·甘肃白银)________ you turn down the TV, please? I’m trying to work.
A.Could B.Must C.Might D.Should
【答案】A
【解析】句意:你能把电视音量调低吗?我正在工作。
考查情态动词。Could可以;Must必须;Might可能;Should应该。根据“...you turn down the TV, please?”可知,此处表示请求,应用could。故选A。
6. (2025·西藏)You ________ wear a helmet (头盔) when you ride an E-bike.
A.have to B.has to C.can’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】句意:当你骑电动自行车时,你必须戴上头盔。
考查动词辨析。have to必须;has to必须,三单形式;can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该。根据“wear a helmet (头盔) when you ride an E-bike”可知,此处应该说必须戴上头盔,主语是“You”,填have to。故选A。
7.(2025·江苏南通)—Lily, how is Daniel’s plan for our class trip going on?
—I’m not sure. It ________ be completed. I saw him working on it this morning.
A.may not B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.mustn’t
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——Lily,Daniel的班级旅行计划进展如何?——我不确定。它可能还没被完成。我今天早上看到他在做。
考查情态动词。may not可能不,表示不确定的推测;shouldn’t不应该,通常用于建议或义务;can’t不可能,用于否定推测;mustn’t禁止。根据“I’m not sure...I saw him working on it this morning.”可知,说话者应是不确定计划是否完成,且看到Daniel早上还在做,因此用“may not”表示推测。故选A。
8.(2025·吉林长春)The water bottle ________ be Mr. Liu’s. The name on the bottle isn’t his.
A.must B.may C.mustn’t D.can’t
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这个水壶不可能是刘先生的。水壶上的名字不是他的。
考查情态动词辨析。must必须;may可能;mustn’t禁止;can’t不可能。根据“The name on the bottle isn’t his.”可知水壶不可能是刘先生的,应用can’t。故选D。
4.实义动词
实义动词按句法功能分为及物动词和不及物动词,具体用法如下:
(1) 及物动词:及物动词后需跟名词、代词等作宾语,句意才完整。
例:My brother finished his homework an hour ago.我弟弟一小时前完成了作业。
(2) 不及物动词:不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语,常先接介词,再跟宾语。
①单独作谓语,其后不接宾语。
例:The sun rose early this morning. 今天早上太阳升得很早。
②不及物动词+介词+宾语
例: Many students listen to English podcasts every morning.很多学生每天早上听英语播客。
(3) 兼作及物 / 不及物的动词:部分动词可根据语境,既作及物动词(接宾语),也作不及物动词(不接宾语)。
例:(及物)She reads a storybook before bed.她睡前读一本故事书。
(不及物)She reads quietly in the corner.她在角落里安静地阅读。
按动作持续性分为延续性动词和非延续性动词,具体用法如下:
(1) 非延续动词
非延续性动词也叫短暂性动词、瞬间动词,指动作发生后立即结束,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,常见非延续性动词:
die
死亡
begin
开始
buy
买
come
来
arrive
到达
borrow
借
hit
击中
marry
结婚
cause
导致;引起
start
开始
leave
离开
open
打开
close
关闭
break
(使)破;裂
lose
丢失
stop
停止
jump
跳
go
去
例:The concert began at 7 o’clock.音乐会 7 点开始了。
(2) 延续性动词
延续性动词也叫持续性动词,指动作 / 状态可以持续一段时间,能与表示一段时间的状语连用,常见延续性动词:wait(等待)、keep(保持)、know(知道)、stay(待)、teach(教)、study(学习)、live(居住)、sing(唱歌)、dance(跳舞)、read(读)、work(工作)等。
例: We have studied in this school for three years.我们已经在这所学校学习三年了。
【易错提醒】
1.不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语,如果要跟宾语,必须在不及物动词后加上相应的介词或副词。
He arrived at the airport yesterday.他昨天到达了机场。(arrived是不及物动词)
She listened to the music quietly.她安静地听音乐。(listened是不及物动词)
2. 非延续性动词不能直接接 “一段时间” 状语,若要表达 “动作持续了多久”,需将终止性动词替换为对应的延续性动词,否则句子逻辑错误:
(×)He has left for 2 days.(leave 是非延续性动词,不能接 for 2 days)
(√)He has been away for 2 days.(将leave替换为be away)
一、完形填空
1.(2025·广州)The story was about a little girl and the dog she saved. I was the one to a perfect Charlie. It was harder than I thought. The first dog barked during the songs. The second dog ran wild and broke things. I had to find a new Charlie fast.
A.find B.train C.keep D.buy
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我要找到一个完美的扮演Charlie的狗。
find找到;train训练;keep保持;buy买。根据“I had to find a new Charlie fast.”可知,此处表示要找到一只合适的狗来扮演Charlie。故选A。
2.(2024·广州)The next day, when my classmates were talking with the old people, I really felt nervous to ______any of them. I sat there on my own holding the card I made the night before.
A.accept B.join C.invite D.guide
【答案】B
【解析】句意:第二天,当我的同学们和老人们聊天时,我真的很紧张加入他们中的任何一个。
accept接受;join加入;invite邀请;guide引领。根据“ I sat there on my own”可知作者一个人坐在那里,没有加入他们的聊天。故选B。
3.(2025·广东)This library was by Mr. Xu, a businessman, in 2010. The idea took shape when Xu recommended books online to students...
A.locked B.started C.hidden D.guarded
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这个图书馆是由商人徐先生在2010年创办的。
locked锁;started开始,创办;hidden隐藏;guarded守卫。根据“The idea took shape when Xu recommended books online to students...”可知,此处指图书馆是由徐先生创办的。故选B。
4.(2024·深圳)William wanted to life there but he had no idea how to realize it. One day, he read a book on how to turn wind into electricity with a windmill.
A.protect B.improve C.create D.understand
【答案】B
【解析】句意:威廉想改善那里的生活,但他不知道如何实现。
protect保护;improve改善;create创造;understand理解。根据“William wanted to…life there”可知,威廉想改善村里的生活条件。故选B。
5.(2024·广州)“What does your card look like?” The old lady asked. I ① my card patiently. Her fingers touched every inch of it. She couldn’t enjoy more…
Too soon, it was time to return. But I didn’t want to ② .
①.【答案】C
【解析】句意:我耐心地描述了我的卡片。
changed改变;compared比较;described描述;prepared准备。根据“my card patiently”可知她是盲人,所以作者是给她描述卡片。故选C。
②.【答案】B
【解析】句意:但我不想离开。
forget忘记;leave离开;promise承诺;imagine想象。根据“Too soon, it was time to return. But I didn’t want to”可知作者不想离开。故选B。
二、单项选择
1.(2025·江苏徐州)—Zhu Yangzhu was ________ with the China Youth May Fourth Medal in 2023.
—Congratulations! He is the pride of Peixian, Xuzhou.
A.presented B.provided C.prepared D.promised
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——朱杨柱在2023年被授予了“中国青年五四奖章”。——恭喜!他是徐州沛县的骄傲。
考查动词辨析。presented授予,颁发;provided提供,供应;prepared准备;promised承诺。根据答语“Congratulations! He is the pride of Peixian, Xuzhou.”可知,他是沛县的骄傲,因此这里是指“被授予奖章”是一个光荣的、值得祝贺的事件;考查be presented with“被授予 (奖项、荣誉等)”,动词短语。故选A。
2.(2025·安徽·二模)In science class, we ________ the burning candle with a glass cup to see the changes.
A.filled B.compared C.covered D.mixed
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在科学课上,我们用一个玻璃杯覆盖燃烧的蜡烛来观察变化。
考查动词辨析。filled填满;compared比较;covered覆盖;mixed混合。根据“In science class, we…the burning candle with a glass cup to see the changes.”可知,此处为科学实验场景,应是覆盖蜡烛可观察燃烧变化(如氧气耗尽导致火焰熄灭等),covered符合语境。故选C。
3.(2025·湖北武汉)—Why do you often wear white clothes in summer?
—Clothes of this color ________ the heat, so I don’t feel that hot.
A.spread B.reflect C.increase D.bring
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你为什么夏天经常穿白色的衣服?——这种颜色的衣服能反射热量,所以我不觉得那么热。
考查动词辨析。spread传播;reflect反射;increase增加;bring带来。根据“the heat, so I don’t feel that hot.”可知可以反射热量,所以不觉得热。故选B。
4.(2025·天津)When David sees these postcards, he will ________ his wonderful travel experiences.
A.remember B.borrow C.hate D.trust
【答案】A
【解析】句意:当大卫看到这些明信片时,他就会想起自己那美妙的旅行经历。
考查动词辨析。remember记得;borrow借;hate讨厌;trust信任。根据“When David sees these postcards, he will ... his wonderful travel experiences.”可知,当大卫看到这些明信片时,他就会想起自己那美妙的旅行经历。故选A。
5.(2025·江苏无锡)The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years.
A.has started B.has been in C.has stopped D.has been out of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:治疗中心位于高街,已经服务了10多年。
考查动词和动词短语。has started开始,start是短暂性动词,不能与持续时间连用;has been in一直在……中,强调状态从过去持续到现在;has stopped停止,stop是短暂性动词,不能与持续时间连用;has been out of一直在……之外,强调状态从过去持续到现在。根据“for over 10 years”可知,此处不能使用短暂性动词start和stop,排除A、C;结合“The therapy centre is on High Street and it ... service for over 10 years.”可知,治疗中心一直提供服务超过10年,应该用has been in。故选B。
三、动词短语
1. 动词短语分类
短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的词组,其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词,有些则相当于不及物动词。
(1)动词+介词:
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,其后必须有宾语,宾语(不管是代词还是名词)只能放在介词后,不能放在动词和介词之间。例如:
①She depends on her family for support. 她依赖家人的支持。
②I hear from my mother every month. 我每月都接到母亲的信。
常见的“动词+介词”短语:
look at看
arrive at/in到达
laugh at嘲笑
care about 关心
worry about担心
deal with处理
care for照顾
look after照顾
wait for等候
play with玩;和……一起玩
account for 解释原因
approve of 赞成
believe in相信
hear from收到……的来信
come across 偶然遇见
depend on 依赖于
dream of梦想
knock at/on敲(门、窗等)
think of 想起
search for 搜寻
(2)动词+副词:
①及物动词+副词:
相当于及物动词,可以用于被动语态,也可有宾语。如果宾语是名词,既可以放在副词之前,也可以放在副词之后;如果宾语是代词宾格,只能放在动词和副词中间。
例:Please pick up the trash on the floor. / Please pick the trash up on the floor.请把地上的垃圾捡起来。
Please pick it up. 请把它捡起来。
常见的“动词+副词”短语:
bring in引进;引来
let in让…进来
put off推迟
hand out分发
find out查明;弄清
give up放弃;辞去
dress up打扮;装饰
hand in递交;上交
bring back拿回
bring up抚养
bring out阐明
point out 指出
add up合计
call back回电;收回
carry on继续;参与
knock over打翻;撞倒
look up 查阅
pick up 捡起
take off 脱下
turn on/ off 打开/ 关闭
②不及物动词+副词:
不及物动词加副词,相当于一个不及物动词,这种结构不能用于被动语态,也不能加宾语。
常见的“不及物动词+副词”短语:
break down出故障
come over顺便来访
die away逐渐消失
die out灭绝;消失
break in打断
hurry up赶快
show up到场
pull up停车
warm up暖和起来
break out爆发
get up起床
sit down 坐下
give in让步
show off炫耀
grow up长大
take off起飞
例句:The war broke out in 1868. 1868年战争爆发。
The dinosaur died out suddenly. 恐龙突然灭绝了。
(3)动词+副词+介词:
还有一部分短语动词由三个词构成,即“动词+副词+介词”,介词后跟宾语。例如:
catch up with
赶上
keep away from
远离
end up with
以……告终
come up with
提出;想出(主意等)
get along with
与……相处融洽
keep up with
跟上;不落后
go on with
继续做
get away from
摆脱
run out of用完
put up with忍受
stand up for 支持
look forward to期待;盼望
make up for
弥补
live up to
不辜负
look down upon
看不起
get out of
逃避;摆脱;从…… 出来
put up with忍受;容忍
look up to尊敬
face up to勇敢地面对
come up to达到;等于
例句:He ran fast to catch up with his classmates.他快跑追上了同学。
You should keep away from dangerous animals.你要远离危险动物。
(4)动词+名词:
这类动词短语中常见的动词有make、take等,短语意义主要取决于后面的名词。如:
①.动词+冠词+名词:
make a decision 做决定 make a mistake 犯错误give a test进行测试,have a rest休息,have a picnic野餐,have a try试一试,keep a record保持纪录,leave a message留言,make a face做鬼脸,make a living谋生,
make a speech进行演讲,pay a bill付账,take a risk冒险...
②.动词+名词:
catch fire着火,keep watch守望/值班,make repairs维修,play sports做运动,
take action采取行动,take measures采取措施,take place发生/举行,make progress 取得进步...
例句:
You should make a decision as soon as possible. 你应尽快做出决定。
China's first National Ice Sports Games took place in Harbin. 中国首届全国冰上运动会在哈尔滨举行。
(5)动词+名词+介词:
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,需要接宾语, 大多可以用于被动语态。
常见的“动词+名词+介词”短语:
make friends with与……交友
make use of利用
make fun of 取笑
pay attention to
注意
have difficulty in
在……方面有困难
have interest in
对……感兴趣...
take advantage of
利用
make room for
给……腾地方
make contributions to
对……做贡献
take care of照顾
take part in参加
take pride in以……为骄傲
例如:
主动句:We should take good care of the old people.我们应该好好照顾老人。
被动句:The old people should be taken good care of.
(6)动词+反身代词+介词:
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,其后可接宾语,如果不用反身代词,需用被动语态。
常见的“动词+反身代词+介词”:
dress oneself in(给自己)穿(衣服)
devote yourself to致力于;专心于
lose oneself in埋头于;专心于
help oneself to 随便吃...
adapt oneself to 使自己适应于
treat oneself to 给自己买...
例如:Children, please help yourselves to some chicken. 孩子们,请随便吃些鸡肉。
2、动词短语辨析
不同动词+同一介词/副词
for短语
ask for 请求;care for 关心;leave for 动身去;cheer for 为……加油
pay for 为……付钱;prepare for 为……准备;search for 搜寻;send for 派人去请
stand for 代表;wait for 等待;thanks for 因……感谢
up短语
wake up;醒来add up 加起来;bring up 提出/养育;cheer up 使振奋;clean up 清理;use up 用完;call up 打电话;dress up 装扮;eat up 吃光;end up 最终成为;fix up 修理;stay up 熬夜;tidy up 整理;grow up 长大;hurry up 赶快; cut up 切碎; show up 出现
out短语
blow out 吹灭;break out 爆发;point out 指出;bring out 使显现;carry out 执行;find out 查明;put out 扑灭; hold out/ hand out 拿出,递出; die out 灭绝;pass out 昏迷
down短语
break down 出故障;calm down 平静;slow down 放慢;die down 变弱;let...down使...失望
turn down 调低;拒绝;fall down 跌倒;knock down 撞倒;lie down 躺下;
pull down 拆毁;look down 轻视;sit down 坐下;shut down 关闭;write down 写下
away短语
blow away 吹走;get away 离开;pass away 去世;fly away 飞走;run away 逃跑;
throw away 扔掉, give away 泄露, 赠送
about短语
argue about 争论;bring about 引起;care about 关心;hear about 听说
hang about 闲逛;talk about 谈论;think about 考虑;worry about 担心
at短语
aim at 瞄准;laugh at 嘲笑;arrive at 到达(小地);knock at 敲
point at 指向;smile at 冲……笑;shout at 大喊;stare at 凝视
off短语
run off 流失;drop off 入睡;fall off 跌落;leave off 停止;shut off 关闭;pay off 偿清;ring off 挂断;send off 邮寄;set off 动身;show off 炫耀;give off 发出(光热)
on短语
agree on 达成共识;call on 号召/拜访;depend on 依靠;feed on 以……为食
focus on 集中;hold on 坚持;keep on 继续;pass on 传递; try on 试穿;work on 从事
with短语
agree with 同意;begin with 以……开始;compare with 与……比;connect with 相连
catch up with 追上;fall in love with 爱上;deal with 处理;play with 和……玩
share with 分享;talk with 和……交谈
in短语
break in 闯入;bring in 引入;check in 登记;fill in 填写
result in 导致;hand in 上交;take in 吸收;believe in 信任
from短语
hear from 接到来电;收到…… 的来信;learn from 向…… 学习;prevent from 妨碍;阻止;制止;separate from 分离;隔开;be far away from 在远处;远离……
同一动词+不同介词/副词
break短语
break away 摆脱,脱离
break down 出故障,中止;分解、抛锚、破坏,粉碎;瓦解;衰弱,损坏;(健康等)垮掉,崩溃
break in 打断,插话,闯入,强行进入,使顺服
break into … 闯入……,破门而入,突然开始,把(sth.)分成
break (sth) off (使某物)折断,中断某事物,突然停止,打断,断绝
break out (战争、火灾)突然发生,爆发,准备使用;起锚
break up vt. 分解,分裂,拆散,碎开,开垦,vi.结束
come短语
come on 加油;come out 出版;come over 来访;come along 进展;come up with 提出;come back 回来;come up 出现;come down 落下;come in 进来;come across 偶遇;
come true 实现
give短语
give up放弃; give in屈服;让步;give away捐赠;泄露give out散发;分发
give back归还;恢复
go短语
go on继续;go away走开;离开;消失; go ahead 进行;前进 go along继续前进;沿着……走;go by(时间)流逝; go over复习;仔细检查;go off 爆炸;(警报等)响起 ; go down下降;go up上升;增长 go out 熄灭;出去(娱乐); go through通过; go back返回
get 短语
get back 返回;回来 get off 动身;从…… 下来;下车 get on 上车;进展
get out of 离开;从…… 出来 get over 克服;战胜 get up 起床;站起 get along/on with 与…… 和睦相处;关系良好 get used to 习惯于 get down 下降 get away (from) 逃离
cut短语
cut down 砍倒;cut up 切碎;cut in 插嘴;cut into 打断;cut out 删去;cut off 切断
keep短语
keep on 继续;keep out 不让进;keep away from 远离;keep off 使不接近
keep up with 跟上;keep in touch with 保持联系
look短语
look at 看;look after 照顾;look into 往里看,调查;look out 当心;look up 查阅;look for 寻找;look around 环顾;look over 检查;look through 浏览;look back 回顾;look up to 尊敬;look forward to 盼望;look like 看起来像;look out for 留心 look down upon 看不起
think短语
think about 思考,考虑(是否去做) think of 想到,想起,认为,对……有看法/想法
think of ...as...把...看作 think over 仔细考虑 think through… 思考……直到得出结论,想通
turn短语
turn back 折回,往回走
turn … away 赶走……,辞退……,把……打发走,转脸不睬,使转变方向
turn down 关小/调低(音量/热度),拒绝,折叠,翻下,驳回,拒绝考虑
turn over 把……翻过来,翻动,犁翻(土地),细想
turn in 交进,上缴,归还
turn on 打开(灯,气,水,电器等),反对;依靠,依赖,取决于
turn off 关掉(灯,气,水,电器等),解雇,避开(问题)
turn into 变成 ; turn…into… 把……变成……,转变成,走进
turn up 把音量开大,卷起,翻起,发生,出现,到达
turn to 向...求助
put短语
put away 将某物收拾起来,存钱,储存,存起来
put down 扑灭,平息,镇压,记下,记下;削减;降落
put forward 提出,建议,推荐,拨快,提倡
put in 驶入,进入
put off 延期,拖延,消除;推脱,脱下
put on (戏)上演,放(唱片),穿戴,增加,拨快(钟表),推荐
put out 扑灭,熄灭,使……停止燃烧,伸出,出版,生产,拿出,制造,刺杀
put through 完成,(电话用语)拨通,使穿过
put up 挂起,张贴,举起,抬起,搭起,建立,提名,推荐;陈列
pass短语
pass away 去世,(时间)过去
pass by 通过,从旁边经过,(时间)过去
pass into 变成,化为
pass down 传下来,流传,使世代相传 ,一代一代传下去
make短语
make into 制成,作成(后面跟产品,制成品)
be made in 在……生产/制造
be made of 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(物理变化)(能看出)
made from 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(化学变化)(看不出)
be made up of = consist of 由……组成,由……构成]
make out 理解,看清楚
make up 化妆,打扮,和解,配制,编造,虚构,构成,组成
set 短语
set up 建立;设立;安装;搭建
set out 出发;启程;开始;着手
set off 出发;启程;引爆;触发
set down 写下;记录;放下
set in (天气、情况)开始;来临
set aside 留出(时间、金钱、空间);搁置;暂不考虑
set back 推迟;延误;使受挫;阻碍
set free 释放;解放set about 开始;着手(做某事)
take短语
take up 占用;开始从事;take down 写下;记下;take away 带走;拿走;take over 接收;接管take out 拿出;除去;扣除;take care of 照顾;照料;take place 举行;发生;take pride in 以…… 为傲take part in 参加;参与take after (外貌、性格等)与(父母等)相像;take the place of 代替;取代;take off 起飞;脱下;(事业)腾飞;take on 承担;呈现;雇佣;take in 吸收;理解;欺骗;收留;take back 收回;退回;回忆起
一、单项选择
1.(2025·江苏镇江)I want to be a doctor like my parents. They really ________ their patients.
A.hear about B.talk about C.care about D.dream about
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我想成为像我父母一样的医生。他们真的很关心他们的病人。
考查动词短语辨析。hear about听说; talk about谈论;care about关心,照顾;dream about梦想。根据“doctor”(医生)和“patients”(病人)的职业关联,医生的核心态度是“照顾”病人,故选C。
2.(2025·西藏)China’s high-speed trains are fast and can ________ most of the cities.
A.get up B.get to C.get off D.get out
【答案】B
【解析】句意:中国的高速列车速度很快,可以到达大多数城市。
考查动词短语。get up起床;get to到达;get off下车;get out出去。根据“China’s high-speed trains are fast and can...most of the cities”可知,高铁可以到达大多数城市。故选B。
3.(2025·江苏常州)To have more classrooms, we’re ________ a new teaching building.
A.putting up B.putting out C.putting in D.putting down
【答案】A
【解析】句意:为了增加教室数量,我们正在建造一座新的教学楼。
考查动词短语辨析。putting up建造;putting out扑灭;putting in提出;putting down放下。根据“To have more classrooms, we’re ... a new teaching building.”可知,正在建造一座新的教学楼。故选A。
4.(2025·四川广元)—I am busy preparing for tests these days, and I have to ________ the chance to go to the concert.
—What a pity! But we can go together next time.
A.set up B.give up C.cheer up D.fix up
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——这些天我忙于准备考试,不得不放弃去音乐会的机会。——太可惜了!但我们下次可以一起去。
考查动词短语。set up建立;give up放弃;cheer up(使)高兴起来;fix up修理。根据“I am busy preparing for tests these days, and I have to...the chance to go to the concert.”可知自己忙于考试,所以要放弃去音乐会的机会。故选B。
5.(2025·湖北武汉)—I love geography and my partner is good at math.
—No wonder you two ________ the best school map design.
A.worked out B.looked for C.heard of D.put away
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——我喜欢地理,我的搭档擅长数学。——难怪你们俩设计出了最好的学校地图。
考查动词短语。worked out想出;looked for寻找;heard of听说;put away收起来。根据“the best school map design”可知是设计出了最好的学校地图,worked out符合语境。故选A。
二、完形填空
1.(2025·广州)I acting on stage, but I had a big birthmark on my face, so I chose to work behind the stage.
A.gave up B.kept on C.heard about D.dreamed of
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我梦想在舞台上表演,但我脸上有一个很大的胎记,所以我选择在幕后工作。
gave up放弃;kept on继续;heard about听说;dreamed of梦想。根据“but I had a big birthmark on my face, so I chose to work behind the stage.”可知,前后句为转折关系,虽然有胎记但曾梦想在舞台上表演。故选D。
2.(2025·广东)Xu recommended books online to students, but found it hard for them to get the books from their school libraries. So, Xu bought and nearly 1,000 books in the following year.
A.dug up B.picked up C.gave away D.threw away
【答案】C
【解析】句意:因此,徐先生在接下来的一年里购买并赠送了近1000本书。
dug up挖出;picked up捡起;gave away赠送;threw away扔掉。根据“The students who received the books were very thankful.”可知,徐先生将书赠送给了学生。故选C。
3.(2024·深圳)First he had to ① all the materials. He dug through the rubbish with his cousin in the villages nearby and ② his goal until he got what he wanted.
①.A.buy B.invent C.collect D.borrow
②.A.stuck to B.went over C.looked into D.learn about
①.【答案】C
【解析】句意:首先他得收集所有的材料。
buy买;invent发明;collect收集;borrow借。根据“He dug through the rubbish with his cousin in the villages nearby”可知,威廉在村庄附近挖掘垃圾用来收集做风车的材料。故选C。
②.【答案】A
【解析】句意:他和他的表弟在附近的村庄里挖掘垃圾,坚持他的目标,直到他得到了他想要的。
stuck to坚持;went over检查;looked into调查;learn about了解。根据“his goal”可知,此处指他坚持目标。故选A。
4.(2024·广东) But when things don’t go smoothly as she plans, she feels no disappointment. She says mistakes may a new idea.
A.mix with B.turn down C.lead to D.break down
【答案】C
【解析】句意:她说,错误可能会导致新的想法。
mix with混合;turn down拒绝;lead to导致;break down出故障。根据“She says mistakes may...a new idea.”可知,错误可能会导致新的想法。故选C。
5.(2025·深圳·二模)Love brings us joy. The more we 370 , the more we have.
A.ask for B.take in C.give away D.bring in
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们给予越多,拥有的就越多。
ask for要求;take in吸收;give away捐赠;bring in带来。根据全文“分享与给予”的主题及“Love brings us joy”可知,此处强调“给予”的意义。故选C。
6.(2025·广州·二模)On the fourth day, he hid behind a big tree to the truth. He waited patiently to see what would happen.
A.pick out B.take out C.set out D.find out
【答案】D
【解析】句意:第四天,他躲在一棵大树后面,想弄清楚会发生什么事。
pick out挑选出;take out取出;find out查明;set out出发。根据“On the fourth day, he hid behind a big tree to ... the truth.”可知,他躲在大树后面是为了查明真相。故选D。
7.(2025·深圳·一模) I held my notebook tightly—it had notes on building strong bases. I nodded and ① , “I’ll ② ___his old ways with my school ideas.”
①.A.made a mess B.made sure C.made it D.made a decision
②.A.mix B.deal C.agree D.share
①.【答案】D
【解析】句意:我点头并做出决定:“我要把他的老办法和我的学校思想结合起来。”
made a mess一团糟;made sure确保;made it成功;made a decision做决定。根据前文“nodded”可知,此处表示下定决心,故选D。
②.【答案】A
【解析】句意:我要把他的老办法和我的学校思想结合起来。
mix混合;deal处理;agree同意;share分享。根据下文“When we combine school knowledge with family treasures”可知,此处强调新旧经验和知识结合,故选A。
8.(2025·广东·三模)Millie thought for a while after she heard Dad’s words. Then she her father’s gloves and wore them herself.
A.threw away B.cleaned up C.looked after D.took off
句意:然后Millie取下父亲的手套自己戴上。
threw away扔掉;cleaned up清理;looked after照顾;took off取下。根据“wore them herself”可知,此处是取下父亲的手套戴在自己手上。故选D。
二、完成句子
1.(2025·广州)上周,我去敬老院和老人们分享一些实用技能。
Last week, I visited an old people’s home to some useful skills the old.
【答案】 share with
【解析】和某人分享某物:share sth. with sb.;动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填share;with。
2.(2024·广州)他们认识到面对困难时不放弃很重要。
They realized that it was important not to when facing difficulties.
【答案】 give up
【解析】“放弃”give up,to后跟动词原形构成不定式结构,在句中作主语,it是形式主语。故填give;up。
3.(2025·广州·模拟)老师和同学们都将行动起来寻找帮助他们的方法。
Teachers and students will to good ways to help them.
【答案】 take action look for
【解析】通过句子结构分析,will后需接动词原形构成一般将来时,take action to do sth是固定搭配表示“采取行动做某事”。不定式to后接动词原形,look for是固定搭配表示“寻找”。故填take;action;look;for。
四、易混动词辨析(20组)
组别
动词
含义、用法与区别
例句
1.寻找/
发明
/发现
look for
强调“找”的动作、过程;侧重过程,不涉及结果
I am looking for my lost key. 我在找我丢失的钥匙。
find
强调“找”的结果;侧重结果,常与must/finally等连用
I lost my school ID card. I must find it. 我把学生证弄丢了,我必须找到它。
invent
发明;创造(以往没有的事物);创造全新事物
Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。
create
创造;创作(文艺作品、抽象事物);侧重创作性,后接painting/song/story等
She created a beautiful painting for the competition. 她为比赛创作了一幅漂亮的画。
discover
发现(自然界本就存在但未被认知的事物);发现已有事物,而非创造
Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲大陆。
2.
躺/说谎/放置
lie
躺;位于(vi.);不规则变化:lay-lain-lying;无宾语
The book is lying on the desk. 那本书正放在桌子上。
lie
说谎(vi.);规则变化:lied-lied-lying;可接宾语从句
He lied to his parents about his grades. 他向父母隐瞒了自己的成绩。
lay
下蛋;放置(vt.);不规则变化:laid-laid-laying;后接宾语
She lays eggs every morning. 她每天早上都下蛋。
Lay your bag here. 把你的包放在这儿。
3. 穿着
wear
穿;戴(强调状态);持续性状态,宾语为衣物/鞋帽/首饰等
She wears a red dress today.
她今天穿了一条红色连衣裙。
dress
给……穿衣服(强调动作);穿着(状态);动作宾语是人(dress sb.);状态用be dressed in
My mom is dressing my little sister.
妈妈正在给妹妹穿衣服。
She is dressed in blue. 她穿着蓝色的衣服。
put on
穿上;戴上(强调动作);瞬间动作,宾语为名词时可放中间或后面,代词必须放中间
Put on your coat—it's cold. 穿上外套,天凉了。
Put it on quickly. 快点穿上它。
4. 花费
spend
花费(时间/金钱);主语是人;搭配:spend...on sth. / spend...(in) doing sth.
He spends 2 hours on homework every day. 他每天花2小时做作业。
She spends money buying books. 她花钱买书。
cost
花费(金钱);值;主语是物/活动;搭配:sth. costs (sb.) + 金钱
The book costs 50 yuan. 这本书50元。/
The trip cost him a lot of money. 这次旅行花了他很多钱。
take
花费(时间);常用it作形式主语;搭配:It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.
It takes me 30 minutes to go to school.
我上学要花30分钟。
pay
支付;付款;主语是人;
搭配:pay (sb.) for sth. / pay money for sth.
I paid 100 yuan for the ticket. 我花100元买了这张票。/ She paid the waiter for the meal. 她给服务员付了餐费。
5. 建议
advise
建议;劝告;
搭配:advise sb. to do sth.
The teacher advised us to study hard. 老师建议我们努力学习。
suggest
建议;提议;
搭配:suggest sb. doing sth. / suggest + that从句
He suggested going to the park. 他建议去公园。/ She suggested that we leave early. 她建议我们早点出发。
6. 实现
achieve
实现;达成;主语是人;宾语为goal/dream/ambition等
She achieved her dream of becoming a doctor. 她实现了当医生的梦想。
come true
实现;成为现实;主语是dream/plan等抽象名词;无被动语态
His dream of traveling around the world came true. 他环游世界的梦想实现了。
7. 参加
attend
出席;参加(会议/婚礼/课程等);侧重“到场”,不强调参与度
He attended the meeting yesterday. 他昨天出席了会议。/ She attends English classes every weekend. 她每个周末上英语课。
join
加入(党派/团体/组织);成为组织一员;搭配:join the army/club/party或join sb.
He joined the school football club last year. 他去年加入了学校足球俱乐部。
Come and join us!来加入我们吧。
take part in
参加(群众性活动/比赛等);强调积极参与;宾语为activity/competition/sports meeting等。
She took part in the national speech competition.她参加了全国演讲比赛。
join in
侧重参与小型、非正式的即时活动,如游戏、讨论、合唱等,
They joined in the heated discussion about the film.他们加入了关于这部电影的热烈讨论。
8. 接收/接受
receive
收到;接待;客观上“收到”,不涉及主观态度
I received a letter from my friend yesterday. 我昨天收到了朋友的一封信。
accept
接受;主观上“愿意接受”
She accepted his invitation to the party. 她接受了他参加派对的邀请。
9. 提供
provide
提供;供给;搭配:provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb.
The school provides students with textbooks. 学校为学生提供课本。/ They provide food for the homeless. 他们为无家可归者提供食物。
offer
提供;主动提出;搭配:offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. / offer to do sth.
He offered me a cup of tea. 他给我倒了一杯茶。/ She offered to help me with my homework. 她主动提出帮我辅导作业。
10.
忘记/遗留
leave
遗留;落下;后接具体地点(把某物落在某地)
I left my umbrella on the bus. 我把雨伞落在公交车上了。
forget
忘记;无具体地点;搭配:forget to do sth. / forget doing sth.
I forgot to bring my notebook. 我忘了带笔记本。/ He forgot meeting her before. 他忘了以前见过她。
11. 赢得/打败
win
赢得;获胜;宾语为game/race/prize/competition等“事物”
She won the singing competition. 她赢得了歌唱比赛。
beat
打败;战胜;宾语为sb./team/class等“人或集体”
Our team beat Class 2 in the basketball game. 我们队在篮球赛中打败了二班。
12. 分隔
separate
分离;分开(原本连在一起的事物);搭配:separate...from...
The river separates the city from the village. 这条河把城市和村庄分隔开了。
divide
划分;分割(把整体分成部分);搭配:divide...into...
The teacher divided the class into four groups. 老师把班级分成了四个小组。
13. 借
borrow
借入(非延续性);主语“借入”;搭配:borrow sth. from sb.
Could I borrow your pen? 我能借你的笔用一下吗?
lend
借出(非延续性);主语“借出”;搭配:lend sth. to sb.
Could you lend me some money? 你能借我一些钱吗?
keep
保存;借(延续性);与for+时间段连用
I have kept this book for two weeks. 这本书我借了两周了。
14. 看
see
看见;看到(强调结果);无意识或有意识的“看见”
I saw him in the street yesterday. 我昨天在街上看到他了。
look
看;瞧(强调动作);不及物动词,后接at+宾语
Please look at the blackboard carefully. 请仔细看黑板。
watch
观看;注视(动态场景);宾语为TV/match/race等
They are watching a movie now. 他们现在正在看电影。
read
读;看(书/报/屏幕等);侧重“阅读”动作
He reads the newspaper every morning. 他每天早上读报纸。
15.
拿/带
bring
带来;拿来(靠近说话人);方向:从别处到说话处
Can you bring your homework here tomorrow? 你明天能把作业带到这儿来吗?
take
拿走;带走(远离说话人);方向:从说话处到别处
Please take this trash out. 请把这袋垃圾拿出去。
carry
提;搬;扛(无明确方向,强调用力);宾语为重物/行李等
She is carrying a heavy box. 她正提着一个重箱子。
fetch
去取;去拿(往返动作);先去再回,强调“往返”
Could you fetch a glass of water for me? 你能帮我去倒一杯水吗?
16. 说
speak
说(语言);讲话;及物动词接语言名词;不及物动词表“说话”动作
She can speak English and French. 她会说英语和法语。/ He is speaking to the teacher. 他正在和老师说话。
say
说;讲(强调内容);后接直接引语或间接引语
What did you say just now? 你刚才说了什么?
talk
谈话;聊天;搭配:talk to/with sb. / talk about sth.
They are talking about their trip. 他们正在谈论他们的旅行。
tell
告诉;讲述;搭配:tell sb. sth. / tell sth. to sb. / tell stories/jokes
She told me an interesting story. 她给我讲了一个有趣的故事。
17. 听
listen to
听(强调动作);不及物动词,必须接to+宾语
You must listen to your teacher in class. 上课你必须认真听老师讲课。
hear
听见;听到(强调结果);无意识或有意识的“听到”
I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听到有人在敲门。
18.
希望/期望
hope
希望;盼望;搭配:hope to do sth. / hope + 从句(无hope sb. to do sth.)
I hope to visit Beijing next year. 我希望明年能去北京旅游。/ She hopes that she can pass the exam. 她希望自己能通过考试。
wish
希望;祝愿(多表示难以实现的愿望或祝福);搭配1:wish to do sth.;搭配2:wish sb. sth.(祝福);搭配3:wish + 虚拟语气从句
I wish to have a new bike. 我希望有一辆新自行车。/ Wish you a happy birthday. 祝你生日快乐。/ I wish I could fly. 我希望自己能飞。
expect
期待;预料(强调有依据的期望);搭配:expect to do sth. / expect sb. to do sth. / expect + 从句
She expects to get a good grade. 她期待能取得好成绩。/ I expect my dad to come back soon. 我期待爸爸早点回来。
19. 到达
arrive
到达;抵达;不及物动词,后接大地点用in,小地点用at
We arrived in Shanghai yesterday. 我们昨天到达了上海。/ She arrived at the station at 7 o'clock. 她7点到达了车站。
reach
到达;抵达(及物动词,直接接宾语);无需介词,可接地点名词或副词(如here/there)
They reached the top of the mountain at noon. 他们中午到达了山顶。/ When will you reach Beijing? 你什么时候到北京?
get to
到达;抵达(口语化,后接地点名词);后接here/there/home时省略to
I get to school at 8 a.m. every day. 我每天早上8点到校。/ When did you get there? 你什么时候到那儿的?
20. 发生/出现
happen
发生;碰巧(无被动语态,主语为物或it);搭配1:happen to do sth.(碰巧做某事);搭配2:What happened to sb./sth.?
A car accident happened on the road.
路上发生了一起车祸。
I happened to meet my old friend yesterday. 我昨天碰巧遇到了老朋友。
take place
发生;举行(无被动语态,主语为计划中的事件);多指有组织、有计划的事件发生
The school sports meeting will take place next Friday. 学校运动会下周五举行。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
occur
发生;出现(正式用语,可与happen互换);搭配:It occurs to sb. that...(某人想到……)
An idea occurred to me. 我想到了一个主意。
The accident occurred at midnight. 事故发生在午夜。
1.(2025·西藏)It often ________ me 50 minutes to finish this kind of paper cutting.
A.takes B.costs C.pays D.spends
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我经常花50分钟来完成这种剪纸。
考查动词辨析。takes花费,常用于it固定句型;costs花费,物作主语;pays支付,人作主语;spends花费,人作主语。该句考查“It takes sb (time) to do sth”是固定句型,表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”。故选A。
2.—Hurry up and we can ________ before lunchtime.
—OK, let’s try to ________ the hall early to cheer for the players.
A.arrive; arrive B.reach; reach C.get; arrive at D.arrive; reach
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——快点,我们可以在午饭前到达。——好的,让我们早点到大厅为运动员们加油。
考查动词辨析。arrive到达,不及物动词;reach到达,及物动词;get得到;arrive at到达,其后接小地点。根据“Hurry up and we can…before lunchtime.”可知,此处指“我们”可以在午饭前到达,空后未接宾语,空处应用不及物动词,应用arrive,排除B选项和C选项;根据“let’s try to…the hall early to cheer for the players”可知,此处指到达大厅,空后有宾语“the hall”,空处应用及物动词reach。故选D。
3. —Has he returned the book to the library?
—No. He has ______ it for one week.
A.borrowed B.lent C.kept D.bought
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——他把书还给图书馆了吗?——不,他已经保存了一个星期。
考查动词辨析。borrowed借入,短暂性动词;lent借出,短暂性动词;kept保留,延续性动词;bought购买,短暂性动词。根据“He has ... it for one week.”可知,此句为现在完成时,应该用延续性动词kept,表示将书保留一个星期。故选C。
4.— Who ______ the telephone many years ago?— Alexander Graham Bell.
A. found B. invented C. discovered D. created
【答案】B
【解析】句意:—— 多年前谁发明了电话?—— 亚历山大・格雷厄姆・贝尔。考查动词辨析。found 强调 “找到” 的结果;invented 指 “发明原本不存在的事物”,电话是此前没有的新事物,符合语境;discovered 指 “发现原本存在但未被认知的事物”;created 侧重 “创作文艺或抽象事物”。故选 B。
5. Our teacher ______ us not to swim in the river alone because it’s dangerous.
A. advised B. suggested C. hoped D. expected
【答案】A
【解析】句意:老师建议我们不要独自去河里游泳,因为这很危险。考查动词辨析。advised 后接 “sb. to do sth.”,符合句型;suggested 后接 “sb. doing” 或从句,不接 “sb. to do”;hoped 无 “hope sb. to do” 结构;expected 表 “期待”,不符合 “提醒危险” 的语境。故选 A。
6. The story about the 24 Solar Terms ________ us a lot about traditional Chinese culture.
A.tells B.says C.speaks D.talks
【答案】A
【详解】句意:关于24节气的故事告诉我们很多关于中国传统文化的事情。
考查动词辨析及用法。tells告诉,可接双宾语;says说,后接内容或to sb.,但不接双宾语;speaks说话,后接语言或to sb.,不接双宾语;talks谈论,后接about sth或to sb.,不接双宾语。根据“us...about...”可知,空处指“告诉我们有关……”,需固定搭配tell sb. sth.“告诉某人某事”,故选A。
一、单项选择
1.The whole story________ interesting. All the children like it.
A.sounds B.feels C.turns D.gets
【答案】A
【解析】句意:整个故事听起来很有趣。所有的孩子们都喜欢它。
考查动词词义辨析。sounds听起来;feels摸起来;turns变得;gets变得。根据“The whole story… interesting!”结合选项,可知是故事听起来很有趣,A选项符合题意,故选A。
2.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)The freshly baked bread smelt so _______ that all the customers wanted to have a taste.
A.badly B.awful C.nicely D.good
【答案】D
【解析】句意:刚烤好的面包闻起来很香,所有的顾客都想尝一尝。
考查形容词和副词辨析。badly严重地;awful可怕的;nicely漂亮地;good好的。smelt是smell的过去式,连系动词,后接形容词作表语,排除掉A和C;根据“ that all the customers wanted to have a taste.”可知,每个顾客都想尝尝,推测面包闻起来很香。故选D。
3.(2025·上海·模拟预测)Lisa always feels ________ when she has finished all her work.
A.pleasure B.please C.pleasantly D.pleased
【答案】D
【详解】句意:丽莎完成所有工作后总是感到高兴。
考查形容词作表语。pleasure快乐,名词;please使快乐,动词;pleasantly愉快地,副词;pleased高兴的,形容词。感官动词feel后用形容词作表语。故选D。
4.(2025·江苏镇江)It is a rule that passengers ________ smoke in the high-speed railway.
A.wouldn’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.couldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意:乘客禁止在高铁上吸烟是一条规定。
考查情态动词。wouldn’t不会;needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止;couldn’t不能。根据“It is a rule that…”(这是一项规定)可知,此处强调强制性的禁止,故选C。
5.(2025·江苏宿迁)It’s true that robots ______ do a lot of things, such as telling stories, doing kung fu and so on.
A.may B.must C.can D.might
【答案】C
【解析】句意:机器人确实能做很多事情,比如讲故事、练功夫等等。
考查情态动词辨析。may可能;must必须;can能、会;might可能(may的过去式)。根据“such as telling stories, doing kung fu and so on”可知,是在说明机器人“具备做这些事情的能力”。“can”表示“能、会”,强调具备某种能力,故选C。
6.(2025·上海宝山·二模)We ________ any drink. You’d better buy some fruit and vegetables at the supermarket.
A.needn’t B.don’t need to C.don’t need D.not need
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们不需要任何饮料了。你最好在超市买一些水果和蔬菜。
考查动词辨析。need既可以作实义动词,也可以作情态动词。作实义动词时,后接名词、代词或不定式,否定形式要借助助动词don’t/doesn’t等,根据“We... any drink.”中,need后接名词drink,说明need在这里是实义动词,其否定形式要借助助动词don’t,即don’t need,故选C。
7.(2025·湖北武汉)—Mr. Brown, I’ve________ ideas. I can’t go on with my writing.
—Relax for a while. Inspiration may come to you later.
A.looked back at B.run out of C.taken pride in D.come up with
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——布朗先生,我没有主意了。我无法继续写作了。——放松一会儿,灵感可能稍后就来。
考查动词短语。looked back at回顾;run out of用完;taken pride in以……为傲;come up with想出。根据“I can’t go on with my writing.”可知,是用完了主意,从而无法继续写作。故选B。
8.(2025·吉林长春)We often hear “Mind your step.” when we ________ a high-speed train.
A.put off B.turn off C.get off D.cut off
【答案】C
【解析】句意:当我们下高铁的时候,经常听见“注意脚下”。
考查动词短语。put off推迟;turn off关闭;get off下来;cut off切断。根据“a high-speed train”可知,只有上下高铁的时候才会听见“注意脚下”,故选C。
9.(2025·天津)The Whites like taking exercise, so they ________ every morning.
A.make a list B.lay the table C.make a mistake D.go for a walk
【答案】D
【解析】句意:怀特一家喜欢锻炼,所以他们每天早上去散步。
考查动词短语。make a list列清单;lay the table摆餐具;make a mistake犯错误;go for a walk去散步,根据“The Whites like taking exercise”可知,怀特一家喜欢锻炼,故结合选项可知,散步属于锻炼。故选D。
10.(2025·甘肃金昌)Don’t worry about me. I can _________ myself.
A.look at B.look for C.look out D.look after
【答案】D
【解析】句意:别担心我。我能照顾好我自己。
考查动词短语。look at看;look for寻找;look out小心;look after照顾。根据“Don’t worry about me. I can...myself.”可知,是能照顾好自己。故选D。
11.(2025·甘肃平凉·一模)Don’t eat too much, or you’ll ________ weight.
A.put away B.put on C.put off D.put up
【答案】B
【解析】句意:不要吃太多,否则你会增加体重。
考查动词短语辨析。put away收起来;put on增重;put off推迟;put up张贴。根据“Don’t eat too much, or you’ll...weight.”可知吃太多会导致体重增加,故选B。
12.(2025·江苏扬州)Stress comes and goes. Sometimes you just need to ________.
A.sit down B.fall down C.calm down D.come down
【答案】C
【解析】句意:压力总会来来去去。有时候你只需要静下心来。
考查动词短语。sit down坐下;fall down摔倒;calm down冷静下来;come down下来。根据“Stress comes and goes. Sometimes you just need to...”可知,有压力时需要静下心来。故选C。
13.(2025·安徽)—Thanks a lot for yesterday. I had a good time visiting the ancient town.
—It was my great pleasure to ________ with you.
A.hang out B.turn around C.look up D.eat in
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——非常感谢你昨天的陪伴。参观古镇的时光我过得很愉快。——很高兴能和你一起出去玩。
考查动词短语。hang out闲逛;turn around转身;look up查找;eat in在家吃饭。根据“Thanks a lot for yesterday. I had a good time visiting the ancient town.”可知,此处应是指外出游玩。故选A。
14.(2025·江苏连云港)Our class went on a camping trip last Sunday. We ________ our tent near a lake.
A.put up B.made up C.took up D.woke up
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我们班上星期天去露营了。我们在湖边搭起帐篷。
考查动词短语。put up搭建;made up编造;took up占据;woke up醒来。根据“our tent near a lake”可知是在湖边搭建帐篷。故选A。
15.(2025·四川遂宁)—Helen, ________ the lights when you leave the room.
—OK, Mr. Smith. I got it.
A.turn on B.turn off C.turn up D.turn down
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——海伦,离开房间的时候把灯关掉。——好的,史密斯先生。我明白了。
考查动词短语辨析。turn on打开;turn off关闭;turn up调大;turn down调小。根据“...the lights when you leave the room.”可知,离开房间的时候要把灯关掉,故选B。
16.(2025·江苏徐州)Come on, Alice. Don’t be so hard on yourself. Everyone makes mistakes. We have to ________ ourselves sometimes and keep a sense of humour!
A.believe in B.look after C.depend on D.laugh at
【答案】D
【解析】句意:加油,爱丽丝。不要对自己那么苛刻。每个人都会犯错误。我们有时必须自嘲并保持幽默感!
考查动词短语。believe in相信;look after照顾;depend on依靠;laugh at嘲笑。根据“keep a sense of humour”可知此处表示“嘲笑自己”,即自嘲。故选D。
17.(2025·江苏宿迁)In yesterday’s maths lesson, our group ______ the problem after a discussion.
A.cut out B.worked out C.put out D.handed out
【答案】B
【解析】句意:在昨天的数学课上,我们小组经过讨论后解决了这个问题。
考查动词短语。cut out剪掉;worked out解决;put out扑灭;handed out分发,给出。根据“...the problem”以及选项可知,此处表示解决了这个问题。故选B。
18.(2025·江西)Mozart ______ many pieces of beautiful music. That’s why he is so famous.
A.enjoyed B.created C.bought D.heard
【答案】B
【解析】句意:莫扎特创作许多美妙的音乐作品。这就是他如此出名的原因。
考查动词辨析。enjoyed 享受;created 创作;bought 购买;heard 听到。根据“...many pieces of beautiful music. That’s why he is so famous.”可知,莫扎特是因为创作音乐而出名,故选B。
19.(2025·甘肃白银)A low-fat diet can ________ the risk of heart disease.
A.help B.reduce C.encourage D.support
【答案】B
【解析】句意:低脂饮食可以降低患心脏病的风险。
考查动词辨析。help帮助;reduce减少;encourage鼓励;support支持。根据“A low-fat diet can...the risk of heart disease.”可知,低脂饮食可以降低得心脏病的风险。故选B。
20.(2025·安徽)Paper-cutting is not easy to learn. It ________ much practice, patience and imagination.
A.explains B.supports C.provides D.requires
【答案】D
【解析】句意:剪纸并不容易学。它需要大量的练习、耐心和想象力。
考查动词辨析。explains解释;supports支持;provides提供;requires需要,要求。根据“Paper-cutting is not easy to learn. It...much practice, patience and imagination.”可知,学习剪纸需要大量的练习、耐心和想象力。故选D。
21.(2025·江苏连云港·)New types of energy from the sun, wind and water ________ little pollution and will never run out.
A.burn B.recycle C.separate D.produce
【答案】D
【解析】句意:来自太阳、风能和水能的新型能源几乎不会产生污染,而且永远不会耗尽。
考查动词辨析。burn燃烧;recycle回收;separate分开;produce产生。根据“little pollution and will never run out.”可知新型能源几乎不会产生污染。故选D。
22. I ______ my English book in the library, so I have to borrow one from my classmate.
A. forgot B. left C. lost D. missed
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我把英语书落在图书馆了,所以得向同学借一本。考查动词辨析。forgot 表 “忘记”,后不接具体地点;left 表 “遗留 / 落下”,后接具体地点(library),符合语境;lost 表 “丢失”,强调找不回;missed 表 “错过 / 想念”。故选 B。
23.(2025·湖北武汉·二模)—The China Pavilion ________ the visitors at Expo Osaka 2025 in Japan.
—Wow! Its design truly shows Chinese culture and wisdom.
A.praised B.disappointed C.impressed D.admired
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——中国馆给2025年日本大阪世博会的参观者留下了深刻印象。 ——哇!它的设计真正体现了中国文化和智慧。
考查动词辨析。praised表扬;disappointed使……失望;impressed给……留下深刻印象;admired欣赏。主语“The China Pavilion中国馆”为无生命主体,不能主动“赞扬”或“钦佩”参观者,且回应“Wow! Its design truly shows Chinese culture and wisdom.”及正面描述表明应为积极影响,impressed符合语境。故选C。
24.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)—Aunt Mary never ________ things to be done today until tomorrow.
—Yeah! She is very good at planning and can always manage her time perfectly.
A.gives up B.checks out C.puts off D.hands in
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——玛丽阿姨从不把今天要做的事推迟到明天。——是的!她很擅长规划,总能完美地管理自己的时间。
考查动词短语辨析。gives up放弃;checks out结账,检查;puts off推迟;hands in提交。根据“things to be done today until tomorrow”可知,此处指“把今天的事推迟到明天”,用put off。故选C。
25.(2025·安徽黄山·一模)Whenever I ________ the West Lake, I always stop to enjoy its beauty.
A.start with B.pass by C.set up D.clear out
【答案】B
【解析】句意:每当我经过西湖时,我总是停下来欣赏它的美丽。
考查动词短语辨析。start with以……开始;pass by经过;set up建立;clear out清除。根据“...the West Lake, I always stop to enjoy its beauty”可知,空处需要表示“经过”的含义,其他选项不符合语境,故选B。
二、完形填空
(2025·广东·三模)请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。
Zhang Yugun is head of Heihumiao Primary School in Henan Province. After graduation in 2001, Zhang chose to work in the 1 countryside. Over the past 23 years, he has 2 many teachers come and go because of the poor conditions in the village. However, he has stayed on and made every effort to help the children 3 their problems.
One winter, travelling on the mountain road was much more 4 than usual. The school was about to start, but those students’ 5 were still in a town outside the village. Then Zhang and another teacher left early in the morning with a shoulder pole (扁担). They carried back kilos of books. When they 6 the school, they were both covered in mud (泥), but the books were protected well. In 2006, a new 7 was built in the village, so Zhang started to carry the books with a motorbike. Although four motorbikes broke down, he never 8 .
To provide better 9 for the students whose parents had left the village to work in the city, Zhang asked his wife to give up her job to help cook and clean for the students. Thanks to the teachers like Zhang, the students in Heihumiao Primary School are 10 to learn at school and hope for a brighter future.
1.A.dirty B.poor C.beautiful D.clean
2.A.made B.helped C.seen D.heard
3.A.solve B.create C.explain D.recognize
4.A.expensive B.interesting C.enjoyable D.difficult
5.A.clothes B.pens C.books D.schoolbags
6.A.got to B.set up C.broke into D.pointed at
7.A.school B.road C.park D.museum
8.A.changed B.appeared C.stopped D.left
9.A.care B.environment C.food D.books
10.A.interested B.able C.happy D.surprised
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.B
【导语】本文讲述张玉滚扎根乡村教育23年,克服艰苦条件坚持教书育人的感人事迹。
1.句意:2001年毕业后,张选择到贫困的农村工作。
dirty肮脏的;poor贫穷的;beautiful美丽的;clean干净的。根据后文“poor conditions in the village”可知,是贫穷农村。故选B。
2.句意:在过去23年里,由于村里条件艰苦,他目睹许多老师来了又走。
made使;helped帮助;seen看见;heard听见。根据“Over the past 23 years, he has ... many teachers come and go because of the poor conditions in the village.”可知,他目睹许多老师来了又走,“seen”体现目睹老师流动。故选C。
3.句意:然而,他留了下来,竭尽全力帮助孩子们解决他们的问题。
solve解决;create创造;explain解释;recognize认出。根据“However, he has stayed on and made every effort to help the children ... their problems.”可知,“solve problems”是固定搭配,意为解决问题。故选A。
4.句意:有一年冬天,在山路上行走比往常要艰难得多。
expensive昂贵的;interesting有趣的;enjoyable令人愉快的;difficult困难的。根据“One winter, travelling on the mountain road was much more ... than usual.”可知,冬天山路行走应更困难。故选D。
5.句意:学校即将开学,但那些学生的课本还在村子外的一个小镇上。
clothes衣服;pens钢笔;books书籍;schoolbags书包。根据“They carried back kilos of books.”可知,此处指学生的课本。故选C。
6.句意:当他们抵达学校时,浑身满是泥巴,但书本保护得很好。
got to到达;set up建立;broke into闯入;pointed at指向。根据“...the school, they were both covered in mud (泥), but the books were protected well.”,可知此处指到达学校。故选A。
7.句意:2006年,村里修了一条新道路,张开始骑摩托车运送书本。
school学校;road道路;park公园;museum博物馆。根据“In 2006, a new ... was built in the village, so Zhang started to carry the books with a motorbike.”可知,建路后方便骑摩托。故选B。
8.句意:尽管骑坏了四辆摩托车,他从未放弃。
changed改变;appeared出现;stopped停止;left离开。根据“Although four motorbikes broke down, he never ...”可知,“stopped”体现他没因摩托坏而停止运书。故选C。
9.句意:为了给那些父母离乡进城务工的学生提供更好的照顾,张让妻子辞去工作,帮忙为学生做饭、打扫卫生。
care照料;environment环境;food食物;books书籍。根据“To provide better ... for the students whose parents had left the village to work in the city, Zhang asked his wife to give up her job to help cook and clean for the students.”可知,妻子帮忙做饭清洁属于生活照料。故选A。
10.句意:多亏有像张这样的老师,黑虎庙小学的学生能够在学校安心学习,对更光明的未来满怀憧憬。
interested感兴趣的;able能够;happy开心的;surprised惊讶的。根据“Thanks to the teachers like Zhang, the students in Heihumiao Primary School are ... to learn at school and hope for a brighter future.”可知,“be able to”是固定搭配,意为能够。故选B。
三、短文填空
A (语法填空)
(2025·深圳·二模)阅读下面短文,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Zhao Xiaoyong, known as China’s Van Gogh, is a painter from Dafen Village in Shenzhen. This village is known as “ 1 world’s art factory.” Zhao came there to learn to paint 20 years ago as a migrant-worker (外来务工人员). At first, he 2 (copy) famous works painted by Vincent Van Gogh, such as Starry Night and Sunflowers.
In 2016, Zhao traveled to Amsterdam to visit the Van Gogh Museum. He felt 3 (deep) moved when he saw the original (原作) paintings. “I realized how much effort Van Gogh put into his art,” he said. Since then, Zhao 4 (create) many art works of his own. He paints scenes from his real life such as migrant-workers and busy 5 (street) in Shenzhen.
Zhao’s art now expresses his own ideas 6 the help of Van Gogh’s style. He says,“Van Gogh painted his life, and now I paint 7 (I).” He still makes copies to make money, but he hopes 8 (hold) an exhibition of his original works.
9 practice is important, Zhao believes that true art comes from the heart. He hopes that one day, people will not only see him as a copier but also as a 10 (success) artist. “I want to show the world the beauty of my life and my city,” he says.
【答案】
1.the 2.copied 3.deeply 4.has created 5.streets 6.with 7.mine 8.to hold 9.Although/Though 10.successful
【导语】本文介绍了被称为“中国梵高”的赵小勇的故事。赵小勇希望通过自己的艺术表达生活,并希望有一天能举办自己的原创作品展览。
1.句意:这个村庄被称为“世界艺术工厂”。根据“...world’s art factory.”可知,此处需要定冠词the,表示特指“世界艺术工厂”。故填the。
2.句意:起初,他临摹了文森特·梵高的著名作品,如《星夜》和《向日葵》。本句描述的是过去的行为,故时态为一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填copied。
3.句意:当他看到原作时,他感到深受感动。felt为动词,需副词修饰。deep的副词形式为deeply。故填deeply。
4.句意:从那时起,赵创作了许多自己的艺术作品。根据“Since then,”可知,本句描述的是从过去某个时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作,使用现在完成时,其结构为have/has done,主语为Zhao,助动词用has,故填has created。
5.句意:他描绘了现实生活中的场景,如外来务工人员和深圳繁忙的街道。空处泛指很多街道,需名词复数。故填streets。
6.句意:赵的艺术现在借助梵高的风格表达自己的想法。with the help of为固定搭配, 意为“在……的帮助下”。故填with。
7.句意:梵高画的是他的生活,现在我画的是我的生活。根据“Van Gogh painted his life, and now I paint...”可知,空处指“我的生活”,因空后无名词,需主格I的名词性物主代词mine。故填mine。
8.句意:他仍然通过临摹赚钱,但他希望举办一个自己原作的展览。hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事”,固定搭配。故填to hold。
9.句意:尽管练习很重要,但赵相信真正的艺术来自内心。根据空后两句关系可知,空处表让步,需Although/Though“尽管”引导让步状语从句,故填Although/Though。
10.句意:他希望有一天,人们不仅把他看作一个临摹者,还把他看作一个成功的艺术家。根据“a...artist.”可知,空处需形容词修饰名词artist,success“成功”为名词,其形容词为successful。故填successful。
B(选词填空)
阅读下面短文,在所给的每个空格填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词,并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答案位置上。
remain that and take role harm million cause but little remind up
Every year on April 22, people around the world come together to celebrate Earth Day. The first Earth Day 1 place in 1970 in the United States. It was such a huge success that now 2 of people join in Earth Day to learn and do things 3 help with environmental protection. If everyone did something small to help the Earth, it would make a big difference!
The theme for Earth Day in 2024 is “Planet vs. Plastics”, which tells us that beautiful Earth is fighting against the harm 4 by too much plastic. An increasing amount of plastic, from water bottles to bags at the grocery store, is being used but ends 5 in places it shouldn’t, like oceans and forests. It can be 6 to animals and plants. So this Earth Day, we are encouraged to think of ways to use even 7 plastic. Schools might have contests or art projects about Earth Day, 8 some towns even host clean-up days. Earth Day 9 each of us to be a part of this big, beautiful world, and we all have to play a 10 in keeping it healthy and clean — not just on Earth Day, but every day!
【答案】
1.took 2.millions 3.that 4.caused 5.up 6.harmful 7.less 8.and 9.reminds 10.role
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述世界地球日的起源、意义及2024年主题“地球对抗塑料污染”,呼吁人们减少塑料使用并参与环保行动。
1.句意:第一个地球日于1970年在美国举行。空格需填入动词作谓语,描述过去事件的发生,take place为固定搭配表示“发生”,符合历史事件发生的语境。根据时间状语in 1970判断需用过去式took。故填took。
2.句意:如今数百万人参与地球日活动。根据空前“such a huge success”推断参与人数多,表示数量需用复数名词,且与“of”搭配,需用复数形式millions。millions of表示 “数百万的”,符合数量描述。故填millions。
3.句意:人们参与地球日学习并做些事情来帮助环境保护。 这里需要填入一个关系代词,引导后面的从句(help with…),表明“做这些事情”的目的是“帮助环境保护”。that 在此处作为关系代词,引导定语从句,修饰前面的 things,表示“那些有助于环保的事情”。故填that。
4.句意:美丽的地球正在对抗塑料造成的危害。 空格需填入动词过去分词作后置定语,表被动,方框中cause(导致)的过去分词caused符合,意为由塑料引起的危害,符合harm与plastic的被动关系。故填caused。
5.句意:塑料最终进入不该存在的地方。up与end构成短语动词,end up为固定短语表示“最终处于”,符合“塑料流向”的语境。故填up。
6.句意:塑料可能对动植物有害。空格处需形容词作表语描述塑料的影响,harmful表示“有害的”直接修饰“animals and plants”,符合“塑料危害性”的描述。故填harmful。
7.句意:鼓励人们思考减少塑料使用的方法。 空格前有even,需用比较级修饰plastic,与“too much plastic”形成对比。方框中little(少)的比较级less符合,与even搭配强调减少,符合减少塑料的倡议。故填less。
8. 句意:学校举办活动,而有些城镇组织清洁日。这里需要一个连接词,前后句之间是递进关系,前句讲学校可能举办比赛或艺术项目,后句讲一些城镇甚至组织清洁日,是补充说明更进一步的行动,因此and符合语境。故填and。
9.句意:地球日提醒我们参与保护地球。remind sb to do表示“提醒某人做某事”,符合“环保倡导”语境,主语Earth Day为第三人称单数,需用reminds。故填reminds。
10.句意:我们都要在保护地球中发挥作用。play a role为固定搭配,表示“发挥作用”,符合“人人参与”的主旨。故填role。
四、 完成句子
1. 现在,我们的生活越来越依赖手机。
Our lives smart phones more and more nowadays.
【答案】 depend on
【解析】根据中英文提示可知,此处使用“depend on”表示“依赖”。句子主语“Our lives”为复数,结合时间状语“nowadays”可知时态为一般现在时,谓语动词用原形。故填depend;on。
2.政府建立了自然公园。
The government nature parks.
【答案】 set up
【解析】set up“建立”,句子表达过去的事情,用一般过去时,set的过去式为set。故填set;up。
3. 研究结果显示,人们不健康的生活方式导致了许多现代疾病。
The research shows that people’s unhealthy lifestyles modern diseases.
【答案】 lead to
【解析】根据中英文提示可知,空处缺少“导致”的表达,用动词短语lead to表示,句子时态是一般现在时,主语是复数,所以动词用原形。故填lead;to。
4.以前,李华在学习长的诗歌时有困难。
In the past, Li Hua long poems.
【答案】 had difficulty/trouble learning/studying
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处使用have difficulty/trouble doing sth.“做某事有困难”;learn/study“学习”,动词;结合“In the past”可知,此处时态为一般过去时,动词have使用过去式。故填had;difficulty/trouble;learning/studying。
5.多亏了在线课程,Amy能够和她的老师、同学随时随地联系。
Thanks to online courses, Amy could her teachers and classmates at any time and anywhere.
【答案】 get in touch with
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺“联系”的英文。get in touch with“与……联系”,动词短语。情态动词could后跟动词原形。故填get;in;touch;with。
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专题04 动词和动词短语
目录
01考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 3
03 考点通关·靶向突破 3
一、动词的五种基本形式 4
二、动词的分类 5
1.助动词 5
2.系动词 8
3.情态动词 10
4.实义动词 15
三、动词短语 17
1. 动词短语分类 17
2、动词短语辨析 20
四、易混动词辨析(20组) 26
04 优题精选·练能提分 34
考点
课标要求
复习目标
动词的基本形式
· 掌握动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式、过去分词的变化规则及用法
1.系统梳理动词分类体系(如实义动词、情态动词、连系动词等),熟练掌握各类动词的核心语法规则,能精准解答单项选择、语法填空等题型中涉及的动词考点。
2.精准辨析中考高频动词及动词短语,牢记固定搭配、宾语位置及使用场景,提升语境下的动词选择与运用能力。
动词分类
· 正确运用实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词
动词短语
· 掌握“动词+介词/副词;动词+名词+介词;动词+副词+介词” 等短语的含义及用法
· 辨析易混易错动词及动词短语
易混动词辨析
命题预测
动词和动词短语是中考的必考点之一。主要有以下命题角度:系动词(高频)、助动词、实义动词(高频)、情态动词(高频)、动词短语(高频)、动词词义辨析(高频)等。
主要在语法选择、完形填空、语法填空、完成句子、写作运用中考查。
解题锦囊
锦囊 1:抓 “核心语义侧重”
明确动词 / 短语的语义差异(如 “invent 是‘创造新事物’,discover 是‘发现已有事物’”),先通过语义匹配排除明显不符的选项。
锦囊 2:看 “固定搭配要求”
依据动词的搭配规则(如 “spend 后接 on/doing,cost 主语是物”;“dress 后接人,wear 后接衣物”),通过介词、宾语类型(人 / 物)锁定正确选项。
锦囊 3:辨 “语境场景特征”
结合题目场景区分(如 “‘看比赛’用 watch,‘看书报’用 read” ,匹配场景对应的动词 / 短语。
锦囊 4:记 “中考高频用法”
优先调用中考常考搭配(如 “look forward to+doing”“advise sb. to do”),直接对应高频考点快速解题。
注意:解题时先抓语义,再核对搭配,结合场景验证,优先用高频用法提速。
一、动词的五种基本形式
形式
规则变化
例句
一般现在时第三人称单数
一般情况在动词后直接加-s
look→looks;work→works
以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词,后加-es
catch→catches;go→goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es
study→studies;try→tries
现在分词
一般情况在动词后直接加-ing
read→reading;go→going
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词,直接加-ing
see →seeing;toe→toeing
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing
love→loving;write→writing
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ing
cut→cutting;put→putting
少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie为y再加-ing
die→dying;lie→lying;tie→tying
过去式和过去分词
一般情况在动词后直接加-ed
ask→asked;help→helped
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,只加-d
like→liked;live→lived
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed
cry→cried;study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ed
stop→stopped;plan→planned
【易错提醒】
1. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词,变y为i再加- es,但元音字母+ y结尾(如 play、stay)直接加- s,不要误变 y。
例:play→plaies(×);play→plays(√)
2.以 “不发音的 e” 结尾的动词,必须先去e再加- ing,但若e发音(如see)则直接加- ing:
例:write→writeing(×) write→writing(√); see→seing(×) see→seeing(√)
3.少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie为y再加-ing 。
例:die→dying;lie→lying;tie→tying
二、动词的分类
分类
特点
例句
助动词
本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。
She is reading a book. 她正在看书。
We don’t like apples. 我们不喜欢苹果。
He has eaten breakfast. 他已经吃了早饭。
连系动词
本身有词义,不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。
This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。
The flowers smell good. 这些花闻起来很香。
They feel happy. 他们感到开心。
情态动词
本身有一定的意义,表示人的语气和情态,不可单独作谓语,须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。
I can sing. 我会唱歌。
You should study hard. 你应该努力学习。
May I use your ruler? 我可以用你的尺子吗?
实义动词
表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
She runs fast. 她跑得快。(不及物动词)
Please open the door. 请开门。(及物动词)
1.助动词
1.助动词be
人称
数
现在时态
过去时态
现在分词
过去分词
第一人称
单数
am
was
being
been
复数
are
were
第二人称
单数
are
were
复数
are
were
第三人称
单数
is
was
复数
are
were
【知识拓展】be的用法:be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。
1. "be+现在分词"构成进行时态。
Nancy is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 南希正坐在沙发上看报纸。
2. "be+及物动词的过去分词"构成被动语态。
The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。
2.助动词do
形式
肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
do
do not
don’t
第三人称单数
does
does not
doesn’t
过去式
did
did not
didn’t
【知识拓展】
1. 助动词 do、does、did 本身无实际词义,不能独立作谓语,主要用于构成否定句、疑问句,,三者的用法可根据时态和主语人称来归纳,具体如下:
do:适用于一般现在时,主语为第一人称(I、we)、第二人称(you)及复数名词 / 代词(they、the students 等)。
例:I don’t like this kind of music.我不喜欢这种音乐。
Do you go to school by bike?你骑自行车上学吗?
does:适用于一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数(he、she、it、Tom、the book 等),是 do 的第三人称单数形式。
例:She doesn’t play basketball after school.她放学后不打篮球。
Does he have a new pen?他有一支新钢笔吗?
did:适用于一般过去时,可用于所有人称及单复数主语,是 do/does 的过去式。
例:They didn’t finish their homework yesterday.他们昨天没完成作业。
Did they watch TV last night?他们昨晚看电视了吗?
2. "do/ does/did+动词原形"用在肯定句中,构成强调句。
I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。
3.助动词have
形式
肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
have
have not
haven’t
第三人称单数
has
has not
hasn’t
过去式
had
had not
hadn’t
【知识拓展】
助动词has/have与过去分词构成现在完成时态。
例:We haven’t seen each other for a long time. 我们很久没见面了。
助动词had与过去分词构成过去完成时态。
例:When I arrived at the station, the train had already left. 当我到达车站时,火车已经开走了。
4.助动词will, would, shall, should
形式
人称
否定式
缩略否定式
will
所有人称
will not
won't
would
所有人称
would not
wouldn't
shall
第一人称
shall not
shan't
should
所有人称
should not
shouldn't
【知识拓展】
1. will, shall 用于构成一般将来时,would,should 用于构成过去将来时。
You will have an English test tomorrow.明天你有英语小测验。
They said it would be fine the next day.他们说第二天会好起来的。
When shall I see you again?我何时再见到你?
2. shall主要用于第一人称(I/we),表示单纯的将来时态,现代英语中常被 will 替代,但在正式文体或疑问句中仍较常见。现代英语中常被 will 替代,但在正式文体或疑问句中仍较常见。
3. 当shall表义务 / 责任 / 命令:多用于第二、三人称,语气较为正式或严肃,常见于法律条文、规章制度等正式语境,意为 “必须、应当”。
例:You shall obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。
4. will, would, shall,should除了表示单纯的将来时间外,更多的情况是用作情态动词。
1. —________ your parents hard on you?
—Yes. I can never watch TV at home.
A.Do B.Did C.Are D.Were
2. Eric ________ have a hat.
A.am not B.isn’t C.don’t D.doesn’t
3.We _____ seen each other since we graduated from high school.
A. haven’t B. hasn’t C. hadn’t D. don’t have
2.系动词
系动词有一定的词义,但不完整,不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。
分类
常用词
例句
be动词
be(是)
This is my schoolbag. 这是我的书包。
感官类
look(看起来),feel(感觉),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)
The skirt looks nice. 这条裙子看起来很漂亮。
The cake tastes sweet. 这个蛋糕尝起来很甜。
变化类
turn,become,get,grow,go,
补充:come (true),fall (asleep/ill)
The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 树叶在秋天变黄。
He becomes a student. 他成为了一名学生。
It gets cold in winter. 冬天天气变冷。
表持续
keep(保持),remain(仍旧),stay(保持)
Keep the room clean. 保持房间干净。
She stays healthy. 她保持着健康的状态。
The door remains open. 门一直开着。
表象类
appear(似乎),seem(似乎,好像)
It seems/appears right.这似乎是正确的。
结果类
prove(证明),turn out(结果是)
The news proves true. 这个消息证明是真的。
It turns out fun. 结果很有趣。
知识拓展:
be用作系动词和助动词的区别
1.be作系动词时,后面要接表语,构成系表结构,说明主语的状态、性质、特征等,句中一般不含有实义动词。
He is ill.他病了。(说明主语的状态)
2.be作助动词时,用来协助主要动词,表示时态、语态、疑问、否定等,句中含有实义动词。
He is singing.他在唱歌。(帮助表示时态)
用法辨析:turn,become,get,grow,go
turn:强调事物在颜色或性质上的突然转变,尤其常和颜色类词汇搭配,也可用于描述事物性质的改变。
例:The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 秋天树叶变黄。
become:侧重状态的逐渐转变,且语体相对正式,既可以搭配抽象形容词,也能接表示职业、身份的名词。
例:She became a doctor last year. 她去年成为了一名医生。
get:这是口语中常用的表 “转变” 的系动词,强调转变动作的短暂性,还能和形容词比较级连用。
例:It gets dark early in winter in this city. 这座城市冬天天黑得很早。
China is getting stronger and stronger. 中国正变得越来越强大。
grow:它突出状态的自然、渐进式成长或变化,多用来描述和年龄、程度相关的转变。
例:The baby grows stronger with proper nutrition. 这个婴儿在充足营养的供给下长得越来越壮。 ◦
go:它通常表示状态向不好的方向转变,后面多接带有负面含义的形容词。
例:The food went bad because of the hot weather. 因为天气炎热,食物都变质了。
【易错提醒】
1. 既可用作实义动词,又可用作系动词的词:come, grow, look, get, keep, turn。
come实:来;来到 系:变得;成为
grow 实:种植;生长 系:变得
look 实:看 系:看起来
get 实:得到 系:变得
keep 实:保留,坚持 系:保持(某种状态)
turn 实:转向;翻 系:成为;变成
fall 实:掉落 系: 陷入(某种状态)
2.系动词通常不用于进行时态,但当 feel表示自身的感觉时,可以用于进行时态。
例:I am feeling hungry now.(我现在正觉得饿。)
3.系动词不能用于被动。
4. 系动词不能用副词来修饰,而需搭配形容词作表语,以体现主语的状态或特征。
一、语法选择/单项选择
1.(2025·广东广州·三模) At last, when the filming was done, the director felt .
A.satisfaction B.satisfied C.satisfying D.satisfyingly
2.(2025·江苏无锡)Sometimes I drink a lot of coffee to stay ________ in class.
A.wake B.awake C.sleep D.asleep
3.(2025·广东广州·模拟)This song ________ very beautiful. Many people like listening to it.
A.sounds B.feels C.smells D.tastes
二、短文填空
1.(2025·广东·模拟)I felt a little when I heard a frightening sound after a bright flash of lightning. (备选词scare)
1.(2025·深圳·二模) “I really feel (luck) to be here...(语法填空)
3.(2025·广州·模拟)Third, looking at distant objects can help relax our eyes. If we do this, our eyes will not get too t .(语篇填词)
3.情态动词
1.can和could的用法
(1). 表示 “能力”(can表现在能力;could表过去能力)
例:He can swim very fast. 他能游得很快。(现在能力)
My grandma could dance when she was young. 我奶奶年轻时会跳舞。(过去能力)
I can’t speak French. 我不会说法语。(否定能力)
2. 表示 “许可”(can表直接许可;could表委婉请求许可)
例:--- Can we play football here? 我们可以在这里踢足球吗?(直接请求)
--- Could I borrow your pen? 我可以借你的钢笔吗?(更委婉)
---Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 可以。/ 不可以。(could 提问的答语用can)
(3). 表示 “可能性”(can表客观/理论可能;could表委婉推测,可能性比can低)
例:It can get cold at night in spring. 春天的晚上可能会变冷。(客观可能)
He could be late. Let’s wait for him. 他可能会迟到,我们等他一下吧。(委婉推测)
(4). 表推测
肯定推测(can be 可能是,语气相对委婉,对推测的确定性不高。)
例:He can be in the library. 他可能在图书馆。
否定推测(can’t=“不可能”,语气肯定)
例:That can’t be Tom. He’s in Beijing now. 那不可能是汤姆,他现在在北京。
【易错提醒】
1.can 和 be able to 表 “能力” 时可通用,但can只有一般现在时(can)和一般过去时(could);而be able to可用于多种时态。另外,be able to不能表示“允许、可能性”。
例:I will be able to join the club next term. 下学期我就能加入社团了。
2.may和might的用法
may/might 主要表示 “许可、请求、祝愿、推测”,might 是 may 的过去式,既可以表示过去,也能让语气更委婉(可能性也比 may 更低)。
① 表示 “许可 / 请求”(may 比 can 更正式客气;might 更委婉)
----May I open the window? 我可以打开窗户吗?(正式请求)
否定回答:No, you mustn't(= 不可以,表禁止).
----Might I ask you a question? 我能问您一个问题吗?(更委婉,常用于礼貌场合)
回答:Yes, you may(不用 might). 可以。
② 表示 “祝愿”(仅用 may,常用于句首)
May you have a nice day! 祝你度过愉快的一天!
May our team win the game! 祝我们队赢得比赛!
③ 表示 “推测”(may=“可能”,可能性较高;might=“也许”,可能性更低)
She may be at home now. 她现在可能在家。(较有把握的推测)
It might rain this afternoon. 今天下午也许会下雨。(把握较小的推测)
He might have finished his homework. 他或许已经写完作业了。(对过去的推测)
④ 表示 “过去的许可”(might 为 may 的过去式)
When I was young, I might watch TV after finishing homework.我小时候做完作业后可以看电视。
【注意】can和may都可以用来表示请求或允许,但may比can更正式,更客气。
3.must、have to和should/ought to
(1)must意为“必须,应当”,含有一种命令的语气,比较生硬,不容商量。否定形式mustn't, 表示“不得”,“一定不要;禁止”。
如:You mustn't drive after drinking。你绝不能酒后驾车。
表 “必须”:You must finish your homework before dinner. 你必须在晚饭前完成作业。
表 “禁止”(mustn't):You mustn't pick flowers in the park. 你不许在公园里摘花。
表 “推测”(肯定句):It’s 10 o’clock. She must be in class. 现在 10 点了,她一定在上课。
(2) must 引导的疑问句回答
• 肯定:—Must I hand in the paper today? 我必须今天交作业吗?
—Yes, you must. 是的,你必须交。
• 否定:—Must I clean the room now? 我必须现在打扫房间吗?
—No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. 不,你不必。
(3) must 与 have to 的区别
• must(主观意愿):I must study hard for the exam. 我必须为考试努力学习。(自己想做)
• have to(客观需要):My mom is ill. I have to look after her. 我妈妈生病了,我得照顾她。(没办法)
(4)should/ought to意为“应当,应该”,表示建议或劝告,语气比较委婉,客气。
should的否定形式为shouldn’t。 ought to 的否定形式是ought not to。
如: You should get up early.You shouldn't eat too much sugar.
4.will和would
(1) 表请求 / 询问(would 更委婉)
will:Will you pass me the ruler? 你能把尺子递给我吗?
would:Would you please close the door? 你能关一下门吗?(更客气)
(2) 表 “愿意 / 邀请”(would like to do)
如:—Would you like to eat some cakes? 你想吃点蛋糕吗?
—Yes, I’d love to. 好呀,我很想吃。
—Would you like to go to the zoo with me? 你愿意和我一起去动物园吗?
—I’d love to, but I have to do my homework. 我很想去,但我得做作业。
【区别】would like 的两种用法
I’d like + 名词:I’d like an apple. 我想要一个苹果。
I’d like to + 动词原形:I’d like to visit my grandparents. 我想去看望我的爷爷奶奶。
5、shall用于第一人称 (I, we), 可以表示“将”和表示建议 “……好吗?”
•表 “将来”:We shall visit our hometown next month. 我们下个月要回故乡。
•表 “建议 / 征求意见”(常用句型:Shall we...?):
例: Shall we go for a walk after dinner? 晚饭后我们去散步好吗?
6.had better 意为“最好......”,多用于第二人称。否定形式为“had better not”
例:You’d better take an umbrella. 你最好带一把伞。
He’d better not miss the train. 他最好别错过火车。
7. used to 表示 “过去常常做某事”(现在已不这样),强调过去与现在的对比,中考常考否定式和句型转换。
• 肯定形式:used to + 动词原形
例:I used to walk to school. 我过去常常步行上学。(现在可能不步行了)
例:They used to play basketball on weekends. 他们过去常在周末打篮球。
• 否定形式(两种均可,中考均为考点):
① didn’t use to + 动词原形(更口语化,中考高频)
例:She didn’t use to eat spicy food. 她过去不喜欢吃辣的食物。
② usedn’t to + 动词原形(书面化,需掌握)
例:He usedn’t to watch TV late. 他过去不熬夜看电视。
【易错提醒】
1.由may或might引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may/can;否定回答用can't/mustn't。
例如:—May/Might I sit here?我可以坐在这儿吗?
—Yes,you may/can./No,you can't/mustn't.是的,你可以。/不,你不能。
2.以must开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must/have to/has to;否定回答用needn't/don't have to/doesn't have to.
例如:—Must I finish the paper today?—今天我必须完成论文吗?
—Yes,you must./No,you needn’t/don’t have to.—是的,你必须。/不,你不必。
3. 以need开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't。
—Need I go to the company at once?我需要立刻去公司吗?
—Yes,you must./No,you needn't.是的,你必须。/不,你不必。
4.could引导一般疑问句用于表示“请求许可”,回答时要用can,不能用could。
例如:—Could I use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗?
—Yes,you can./No, you can't.是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。
1.(2025·广州)All I’d learned about sharks rushed into my head. I knew I 11 slowly back away, but my curiosity (好奇心) got the best of me.
A.would B.could C.might D.should
2.(2024·广州)Penguins find enough food for their babies. So the government is taking action to stop people fishing for a whole season every year.” Dad explained.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
3.(2024·广东)She thinks it is a smart choice to give Peter pocket money. “This habit help Peter manage money well,” she says.
A.need B.must C.can
4.(2025·天津)You ________ tell Jim the good news because I’ve told him already.
A.need B.needn’t C.can D.can’t
5.(2025·甘肃白银)________ you turn down the TV, please? I’m trying to work.
A.Could B.Must C.Might D.Should
6. (2025·西藏)You ________ wear a helmet (头盔) when you ride an E-bike.
A.have to B.has to C.can’t D.shouldn’t
7.(2025·江苏南通)—Lily, how is Daniel’s plan for our class trip going on?
—I’m not sure. It ________ be completed. I saw him working on it this morning.
A.may not B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.mustn’t
8.(2025·吉林长春)The water bottle ________ be Mr. Liu’s. The name on the bottle isn’t his.
A.must B.may C.mustn’t D.can’t
4.实义动词
实义动词按句法功能分为及物动词和不及物动词,具体用法如下:
(1) 及物动词:及物动词后需跟名词、代词等作宾语,句意才完整。
例:My brother finished his homework an hour ago.我弟弟一小时前完成了作业。
(2) 不及物动词:不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语,常先接介词,再跟宾语。
①单独作谓语,其后不接宾语。
例:The sun rose early this morning. 今天早上太阳升得很早。
②不及物动词+介词+宾语
例: Many students listen to English podcasts every morning.很多学生每天早上听英语播客。
(3) 兼作及物 / 不及物的动词:部分动词可根据语境,既作及物动词(接宾语),也作不及物动词(不接宾语)。
例:(及物)She reads a storybook before bed.她睡前读一本故事书。
(不及物)She reads quietly in the corner.她在角落里安静地阅读。
按动作持续性分为延续性动词和非延续性动词,具体用法如下:
(1) 非延续动词
非延续性动词也叫短暂性动词、瞬间动词,指动作发生后立即结束,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,常见非延续性动词:
die
死亡
begin
开始
buy
买
come
来
arrive
到达
borrow
借
hit
击中
marry
结婚
cause
导致;引起
start
开始
leave
离开
open
打开
close
关闭
break
(使)破;裂
lose
丢失
stop
停止
jump
跳
go
去
例:The concert began at 7 o’clock.音乐会 7 点开始了。
(2) 延续性动词
延续性动词也叫持续性动词,指动作 / 状态可以持续一段时间,能与表示一段时间的状语连用,常见延续性动词:wait(等待)、keep(保持)、know(知道)、stay(待)、teach(教)、study(学习)、live(居住)、sing(唱歌)、dance(跳舞)、read(读)、work(工作)等。
例: We have studied in this school for three years.我们已经在这所学校学习三年了。
【易错提醒】
1.不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语,如果要跟宾语,必须在不及物动词后加上相应的介词或副词。
He arrived at the airport yesterday.他昨天到达了机场。(arrived是不及物动词)
She listened to the music quietly.她安静地听音乐。(listened是不及物动词)
2. 非延续性动词不能直接接 “一段时间” 状语,若要表达 “动作持续了多久”,需将终止性动词替换为对应的延续性动词,否则句子逻辑错误:
(×)He has left for 2 days.(leave 是非延续性动词,不能接 for 2 days)
(√)He has been away for 2 days.(将leave替换为be away)
一、完形填空
1.(2025·广州)The story was about a little girl and the dog she saved. I was the one to a perfect Charlie. It was harder than I thought. The first dog barked during the songs. The second dog ran wild and broke things. I had to find a new Charlie fast.
A.find B.train C.keep D.buy
2.(2024·广州)The next day, when my classmates were talking with the old people, I really felt nervous to ______any of them. I sat there on my own holding the card I made the night before.
A.accept B.join C.invite D.guide
3.(2025·广东)This library was by Mr. Xu, a businessman, in 2010. The idea took shape when Xu recommended books online to students...
A.locked B.started C.hidden D.guarded
4.(2024·深圳)William wanted to life there but he had no idea how to realize it. One day, he read a book on how to turn wind into electricity with a windmill.
A.protect B.improve C.create D.understand
5.(2024·广州)“What does your card look like?” The old lady asked. I ① my card patiently. Her fingers touched every inch of it. She couldn’t enjoy more…
Too soon, it was time to return. But I didn’t want to ② .
二、单项选择
1.(2025·江苏徐州)—Zhu Yangzhu was ________ with the China Youth May Fourth Medal in 2023.
—Congratulations! He is the pride of Peixian, Xuzhou.
A.presented B.provided C.prepared D.promised
2.(2025·安徽·二模)In science class, we ________ the burning candle with a glass cup to see the changes.
A.filled B.compared C.covered D.mixed
3.(2025·湖北武汉)—Why do you often wear white clothes in summer?
—Clothes of this color ________ the heat, so I don’t feel that hot.
A.spread B.reflect C.increase D.bring
4.(2025·天津)When David sees these postcards, he will ________ his wonderful travel experiences.
A.remember B.borrow C.hate D.trust
5.(2025·江苏无锡)The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years.
A.has started B.has been in C.has stopped D.has been out of
三、动词短语
1. 动词短语分类
短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的词组,其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词,有些则相当于不及物动词。
(1)动词+介词:
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,其后必须有宾语,宾语(不管是代词还是名词)只能放在介词后,不能放在动词和介词之间。例如:
①She depends on her family for support. 她依赖家人的支持。
②I hear from my mother every month. 我每月都接到母亲的信。
常见的“动词+介词”短语:
look at看
arrive at/in到达
laugh at嘲笑
care about 关心
worry about担心
deal with处理
care for照顾
look after照顾
wait for等候
play with玩;和……一起玩
account for 解释原因
approve of 赞成
believe in相信
hear from收到……的来信
come across 偶然遇见
depend on 依赖于
dream of梦想
knock at/on敲(门、窗等)
think of 想起
search for 搜寻
(2)动词+副词:
①及物动词+副词:
相当于及物动词,可以用于被动语态,也可有宾语。如果宾语是名词,既可以放在副词之前,也可以放在副词之后;如果宾语是代词宾格,只能放在动词和副词中间。
例:Please pick up the trash on the floor. / Please pick the trash up on the floor.请把地上的垃圾捡起来。
Please pick it up. 请把它捡起来。
常见的“动词+副词”短语:
bring in引进;引来
let in让…进来
put off推迟
hand out分发
find out查明;弄清
give up放弃;辞去
dress up打扮;装饰
hand in递交;上交
bring back拿回
bring up抚养
bring out阐明
point out 指出
add up合计
call back回电;收回
carry on继续;参与
knock over打翻;撞倒
look up 查阅
pick up 捡起
take off 脱下
turn on/ off 打开/ 关闭
②不及物动词+副词:
不及物动词加副词,相当于一个不及物动词,这种结构不能用于被动语态,也不能加宾语。
常见的“不及物动词+副词”短语:
break down出故障
come over顺便来访
die away逐渐消失
die out灭绝;消失
break in打断
hurry up赶快
show up到场
pull up停车
warm up暖和起来
break out爆发
get up起床
sit down 坐下
give in让步
show off炫耀
grow up长大
take off起飞
例句:The war broke out in 1868. 1868年战争爆发。
The dinosaur died out suddenly. 恐龙突然灭绝了。
(3)动词+副词+介词:
还有一部分短语动词由三个词构成,即“动词+副词+介词”,介词后跟宾语。例如:
catch up with
赶上
keep away from
远离
end up with
以……告终
come up with
提出;想出(主意等)
get along with
与……相处融洽
keep up with
跟上;不落后
go on with
继续做
get away from
摆脱
run out of用完
put up with忍受
stand up for 支持
look forward to期待;盼望
make up for
弥补
live up to
不辜负
look down upon
看不起
get out of
逃避;摆脱;从…… 出来
put up with忍受;容忍
look up to尊敬
face up to勇敢地面对
come up to达到;等于
例句:He ran fast to catch up with his classmates.他快跑追上了同学。
You should keep away from dangerous animals.你要远离危险动物。
(4)动词+名词:
这类动词短语中常见的动词有make、take等,短语意义主要取决于后面的名词。如:
①.动词+冠词+名词:
make a decision 做决定 make a mistake 犯错误give a test进行测试,have a rest休息,have a picnic野餐,have a try试一试,keep a record保持纪录,leave a message留言,make a face做鬼脸,make a living谋生,
make a speech进行演讲,pay a bill付账,take a risk冒险...
②.动词+名词:
catch fire着火,keep watch守望/值班,make repairs维修,play sports做运动,
take action采取行动,take measures采取措施,take place发生/举行,make progress 取得进步...
例句:
You should make a decision as soon as possible. 你应尽快做出决定。
China's first National Ice Sports Games took place in Harbin. 中国首届全国冰上运动会在哈尔滨举行。
(5)动词+名词+介词:
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,需要接宾语, 大多可以用于被动语态。
常见的“动词+名词+介词”短语:
make friends with与……交友
make use of利用
make fun of 取笑
pay attention to
注意
have difficulty in
在……方面有困难
have interest in
对……感兴趣...
take advantage of
利用
make room for
给……腾地方
make contributions to
对……做贡献
take care of照顾
take part in参加
take pride in以……为骄傲
例如:
主动句:We should take good care of the old people.我们应该好好照顾老人。
被动句:The old people should be taken good care of.
(6)动词+反身代词+介词:
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,其后可接宾语,如果不用反身代词,需用被动语态。
常见的“动词+反身代词+介词”:
dress oneself in(给自己)穿(衣服)
devote yourself to致力于;专心于
lose oneself in埋头于;专心于
help oneself to 随便吃...
adapt oneself to 使自己适应于
treat oneself to 给自己买...
例如:Children, please help yourselves to some chicken. 孩子们,请随便吃些鸡肉。
2、动词短语辨析
不同动词+同一介词/副词
for短语
ask for 请求;care for 关心;leave for 动身去;cheer for 为……加油
pay for 为……付钱;prepare for 为……准备;search for 搜寻;send for 派人去请
stand for 代表;wait for 等待;thanks for 因……感谢
up短语
wake up;醒来add up 加起来;bring up 提出/养育;cheer up 使振奋;clean up 清理;use up 用完;call up 打电话;dress up 装扮;eat up 吃光;end up 最终成为;fix up 修理;stay up 熬夜;tidy up 整理;grow up 长大;hurry up 赶快; cut up 切碎; show up 出现
out短语
blow out 吹灭;break out 爆发;point out 指出;bring out 使显现;carry out 执行;find out 查明;put out 扑灭; hold out/ hand out 拿出,递出; die out 灭绝;pass out 昏迷
down短语
break down 出故障;calm down 平静;slow down 放慢;die down 变弱;let...down使...失望
turn down 调低;拒绝;fall down 跌倒;knock down 撞倒;lie down 躺下;
pull down 拆毁;look down 轻视;sit down 坐下;shut down 关闭;write down 写下
away短语
blow away 吹走;get away 离开;pass away 去世;fly away 飞走;run away 逃跑;
throw away 扔掉, give away 泄露, 赠送
about短语
argue about 争论;bring about 引起;care about 关心;hear about 听说
hang about 闲逛;talk about 谈论;think about 考虑;worry about 担心
at短语
aim at 瞄准;laugh at 嘲笑;arrive at 到达(小地);knock at 敲
point at 指向;smile at 冲……笑;shout at 大喊;stare at 凝视
off短语
run off 流失;drop off 入睡;fall off 跌落;leave off 停止;shut off 关闭;pay off 偿清;ring off 挂断;send off 邮寄;set off 动身;show off 炫耀;give off 发出(光热)
on短语
agree on 达成共识;call on 号召/拜访;depend on 依靠;feed on 以……为食
focus on 集中;hold on 坚持;keep on 继续;pass on 传递; try on 试穿;work on 从事
with短语
agree with 同意;begin with 以……开始;compare with 与……比;connect with 相连
catch up with 追上;fall in love with 爱上;deal with 处理;play with 和……玩
share with 分享;talk with 和……交谈
in短语
break in 闯入;bring in 引入;check in 登记;fill in 填写
result in 导致;hand in 上交;take in 吸收;believe in 信任
from短语
hear from 接到来电;收到…… 的来信;learn from 向…… 学习;prevent from 妨碍;阻止;制止;separate from 分离;隔开;be far away from 在远处;远离……
同一动词+不同介词/副词
break短语
break away 摆脱,脱离
break down 出故障,中止;分解、抛锚、破坏,粉碎;瓦解;衰弱,损坏;(健康等)垮掉,崩溃
break in 打断,插话,闯入,强行进入,使顺服
break into … 闯入……,破门而入,突然开始,把(sth.)分成
break (sth) off (使某物)折断,中断某事物,突然停止,打断,断绝
break out (战争、火灾)突然发生,爆发,准备使用;起锚
break up vt. 分解,分裂,拆散,碎开,开垦,vi.结束
come短语
come on 加油;come out 出版;come over 来访;come along 进展;come up with 提出;come back 回来;come up 出现;come down 落下;come in 进来;come across 偶遇;come true 实现
give短语
give up放弃; give in屈服;让步;give away捐赠;泄露give out散发;分发
give back归还;恢复
go短语
go on继续;go away走开;离开;消失; go ahead 进行;前进 go along继续前进;沿着……走;go by(时间)流逝; go over复习;仔细检查;go off 爆炸;(警报等)响起 ; go down下降;go up上升;增长 go out 熄灭;出去(娱乐); go through通过; go back返回
get 短语
get back 返回;回来 get off 动身;从…… 下来;下车 get on 上车;进展
get out of 离开;从…… 出来 get over 克服;战胜 get up 起床;站起 get along/on with 与…… 和睦相处;关系良好 get used to 习惯于 get down 下降 get away (from) 逃离
cut短语
cut down 砍倒;cut up 切碎;cut in 插嘴;cut into 打断;cut out 删去;cut off 切断
keep短语
keep on 继续;keep out 不让进;keep away from 远离;keep off 使不接近
keep up with 跟上;keep in touch with 保持联系
look短语
look at 看;look after 照顾;look into 调查;look out 当心;look up 查阅;look for 寻找;look around 环顾;look over 检查;look through 浏览;look back 回顾;look up to 尊敬;look forward to 盼望;look like 看起来像;look out for 留心; look down upon 看不起
think短语
think about 思考,考虑(是否去做) think of 想到,想起,认为,对……有看法/想法
think of ...as...把...看作 think over 仔细考虑 think through… 思考……直到得出结论,想通
turn短语
turn back 折回,往回走
turn … away 赶走……,辞退……,把……打发走,转脸不睬,使转变方向
turn down 关小/调低(音量/热度),拒绝,折叠,翻下,驳回,拒绝考虑
turn over 把……翻过来,翻动,犁翻(土地),细想
turn in 交进,上缴,归还
turn on 打开(灯,气,水,电器等),反对;依靠,依赖,取决于
turn off 关掉(灯,气,水,电器等),解雇,避开(问题)
turn into 变成 ; turn…into… 把……变成……,转变成,走进
turn up 把音量开大,卷起,翻起,发生,出现,到达
turn to 向...求助
put短语
put away 将某物收拾起来,存钱,储存,存起来
put down 扑灭,平息,镇压,记下,记下;削减;降落
put forward 提出,建议,推荐,拨快,提倡
put in 驶入,进入
put off 延期,拖延,消除;推脱,脱下
put on (戏)上演,放(唱片),穿戴,增加,拨快(钟表),推荐
put out 扑灭,熄灭,使……停止燃烧,伸出,出版,生产,拿出,制造,刺杀
put through 完成,(电话用语)拨通,使穿过
put up 挂起,张贴,举起,抬起,搭起,建立,提名,推荐;陈列
pass短语
pass away 去世,(时间)过去
pass by 通过,从旁边经过,(时间)过去
pass into 变成,化为
pass down 传下来,流传,使世代相传 ,一代一代传下去
make短语
make into 制成,作成(后面跟产品,制成品)
be made in 在……生产/制造
be made of 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(物理变化)(能看出)
made from 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(化学变化)(看不出)
be made up of = consist of 由……组成,由……构成]
make out 理解,看清楚
make up 化妆,打扮,和解,配制,编造,虚构,构成,组成
set 短语
set up 建立;设立;安装;搭建
set out 出发;启程;开始;着手
set off 出发;启程;引爆;触发
set down 写下;记录;放下
set in (天气、情况)开始;来临
set aside 留出(时间、金钱、空间);搁置;暂不考虑
set back 推迟;延误;使受挫;阻碍
set free 释放;解放set about 开始;着手(做某事)
take短语
take up 占用;开始从事;take down 写下;记下;take away 带走;拿走;take over 接收;接管take out 拿出;除去;扣除;take care of 照顾;照料;take place 举行;发生;take pride in 以…… 为傲take part in 参加;参与take after (外貌、性格等)与(父母等)相像;take the place of 代替;取代;take off 起飞;脱下;(事业)腾飞;take on 承担;呈现;雇佣;take in 吸收;理解;欺骗;收留;take back 收回;退回;回忆起
一、单项选择
1.(2025·江苏镇江)I want to be a doctor like my parents. They really ________ their patients.
A.hear about B.talk about C.care about D.dream about
2.(2025·西藏)China’s high-speed trains are fast and can ________ most of the cities.
A.get up B.get to C.get off D.get out
3.(2025·江苏常州)To have more classrooms, we’re ________ a new teaching building.
A.putting up B.putting out C.putting in D.putting down
4.(2025·四川广元)—I am busy preparing for tests these days, and I have to ________ the chance to go to the concert.
—What a pity! But we can go together next time.
A.set up B.give up C.cheer up D.fix up
5.(2025·湖北武汉)—I love geography and my partner is good at math.
—No wonder you two ________ the best school map design.
A.worked out B.looked for C.heard of D.put away
二、完形填空
1.(2025·广州)I acting on stage, but I had a big birthmark on my face, so I chose to work behind the stage.
A.gave up B.kept on C.heard about D.dreamed of
2.(2025·广东)Xu recommended books online to students, but found it hard for them to get the books from their school libraries. So, Xu bought and nearly 1,000 books in the following year.
A.dug up B.picked up C.gave away D.threw away
3.(2024·深圳)First he had to ① all the materials. He dug through the rubbish with his cousin in the villages nearby and ② his goal until he got what he wanted.
①.A.buy B.invent C.collect D.borrow
②.A.stuck to B.went over C.looked into D.learn about
4.(2024·广东) But when things don’t go smoothly as she plans, she feels no disappointment. She says mistakes may a new idea.
A.mix with B.turn down C.lead to D.break down
5.(2025·深圳·二模)Love brings us joy. The more we 370 , the more we have.
A.ask for B.take in C.give away D.bring in
6.(2025·广州·二模)On the fourth day, he hid behind a big tree to the truth. He waited patiently to see what would happen.
A.pick out B.take out C.set out D.find out
7.(2025·深圳·一模) I held my notebook tightly—it had notes on building strong bases. I nodded and ① , “I’ll ② ___his old ways with my school ideas.”
①.A.made a mess B.made sure C.made it D.made a decision
②.A.mix B.deal C.agree D.share
8.(2025·广东·三模)Millie thought for a while after she heard Dad’s words. Then she her father’s gloves and wore them herself.
A.threw away B.cleaned up C.looked after D.took off
二、完成句子
1.(2025·广州)上周,我去敬老院和老人们分享一些实用技能。
Last week, I visited an old people’s home to some useful skills the old.
2.(2024·广州)他们认识到面对困难时不放弃很重要。
They realized that it was important not to when facing difficulties.
3.(2025·广州·模拟)老师和同学们都将行动起来寻找帮助他们的方法。
Teachers and students will to good ways to help them.
四、易混动词辨析(20组)
组别
动词
含义、用法与区别
例句
1.寻找/
发明
/发现
look for
强调“找”的动作、过程;侧重过程,不涉及结果
I am looking for my lost key. 我在找我丢失的钥匙。
find
强调“找”的结果;侧重结果,常与must/finally等连用
I lost my school ID card. I must find it. 我把学生证弄丢了,我必须找到它。
invent
发明;创造(以往没有的事物);创造全新事物
Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。
create
创造;创作(文艺作品、抽象事物);侧重创作性,后接painting/song/story等
She created a beautiful painting for the competition. 她为比赛创作了一幅漂亮的画。
discover
发现(自然界本就存在但未被认知的事物);发现已有事物,而非创造
Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲大陆。
2.
躺/说谎/放置
lie
躺;位于(vi.);不规则变化:lay-lain-lying;无宾语
The book is lying on the desk. 那本书正放在桌子上。
lie
说谎(vi.);规则变化:lied-lied-lying;可接宾语从句
He lied to his parents about his grades. 他向父母隐瞒了自己的成绩。
lay
下蛋;放置(vt.);不规则变化:laid-laid-laying;后接宾语
She lays eggs every morning. 她每天早上都下蛋。
Lay your bag here. 把你的包放在这儿。
3. 穿着
wear
穿;戴(强调状态);持续性状态,宾语为衣物/鞋帽/首饰等
She wears a red dress today.
她今天穿了一条红色连衣裙。
dress
给……穿衣服(强调动作);穿着(状态);动作宾语是人(dress sb.);状态用be dressed in
My mom is dressing my little sister.
妈妈正在给妹妹穿衣服。
She is dressed in blue. 她穿着蓝色的衣服。
put on
穿上;戴上(强调动作);瞬间动作,宾语为名词时可放中间或后面,代词必须放中间
Put on your coat—it's cold. 穿上外套,天凉了。
Put it on quickly. 快点穿上它。
4. 花费
spend
花费(时间/金钱);主语是人;搭配:spend...on sth. / spend...(in) doing sth.
He spends 2 hours on homework every day. 他每天花2小时做作业。
She spends money buying books. 她花钱买书。
cost
花费(金钱);值;主语是物/活动;搭配:sth. costs (sb.) + 金钱
The book costs 50 yuan. 这本书50元。/
The trip cost him a lot of money. 这次旅行花了他很多钱。
take
花费(时间);常用it作形式主语;搭配:It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.
It takes me 30 minutes to go to school.
我上学要花30分钟。
pay
支付;付款;主语是人;
搭配:pay (sb.) for sth. / pay money for sth.
I paid 100 yuan for the ticket. 我花100元买了这张票。/ She paid the waiter for the meal. 她给服务员付了餐费。
5. 建议
advise
建议;劝告;
搭配:advise sb. to do sth.
The teacher advised us to study hard. 老师建议我们努力学习。
suggest
建议;提议;
搭配:suggest sb. doing sth. / suggest + that从句
He suggested going to the park. 他建议去公园。/ She suggested that we leave early. 她建议我们早点出发。
6. 实现
achieve
实现;达成;主语是人;宾语为goal/dream/ambition等
She achieved her dream of becoming a doctor. 她实现了当医生的梦想。
come true
实现;成为现实;主语是dream/plan等抽象名词;无被动语态
His dream of traveling around the world came true. 他环游世界的梦想实现了。
7. 参加
attend
出席;参加(会议/婚礼/课程等);侧重“到场”,不强调参与度
He attended the meeting yesterday. 他昨天出席了会议。/ She attends English classes every weekend. 她每个周末上英语课。
join
加入(党派/团体/组织);成为组织一员;搭配:join the army/club/party或join sb.
He joined the school football club last year. 他去年加入了学校足球俱乐部。
Come and join us!来加入我们吧。
take part in
参加(群众性活动/比赛等);强调积极参与;宾语为activity/competition/sports meeting等。
She took part in the national speech competition.她参加了全国演讲比赛。
join in
侧重参与小型、非正式的即时活动,如游戏、讨论、合唱等,
They joined in the heated discussion about the film.他们加入了关于这部电影的热烈讨论。
8. 接收/接受
receive
收到;接待;客观上“收到”,不涉及主观态度
I received a letter from my friend yesterday. 我昨天收到了朋友的一封信。
accept
接受;主观上“愿意接受”
She accepted his invitation to the party. 她接受了他参加派对的邀请。
9. 提供
provide
提供;供给;搭配:provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb.
The school provides students with textbooks. 学校为学生提供课本。/ They provide food for the homeless. 他们为无家可归者提供食物。
offer
提供;主动提出;搭配:offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. / offer to do sth.
He offered me a cup of tea. 他给我倒了一杯茶。/ She offered to help me with my homework. 她主动提出帮我辅导作业。
10.
忘记/遗留
leave
遗留;落下;后接具体地点(把某物落在某地)
I left my umbrella on the bus. 我把雨伞落在公交车上了。
forget
忘记;无具体地点;搭配:forget to do sth. / forget doing sth.
I forgot to bring my notebook. 我忘了带笔记本。/ He forgot meeting her before. 他忘了以前见过她。
11. 赢得/打败
win
赢得;获胜;宾语为game/race/prize/competition等“事物”
She won the singing competition. 她赢得了歌唱比赛。
beat
打败;战胜;宾语为sb./team/class等“人或集体”
Our team beat Class 2 in the basketball game. 我们队在篮球赛中打败了二班。
12. 分隔
separate
分离;分开(原本连在一起的事物);搭配:separate...from...
The river separates the city from the village. 这条河把城市和村庄分隔开了。
divide
划分;分割(把整体分成部分);搭配:divide...into...
The teacher divided the class into four groups. 老师把班级分成了四个小组。
13. 借
borrow
借入(非延续性);主语“借入”;搭配:borrow sth. from sb.
Could I borrow your pen? 我能借你的笔用一下吗?
lend
借出(非延续性);主语“借出”;搭配:lend sth. to sb.
Could you lend me some money? 你能借我一些钱吗?
keep
保存;借(延续性);与for+时间段连用
I have kept this book for two weeks. 这本书我借了两周了。
14. 看
see
看见;看到(强调结果);无意识或有意识的“看见”
I saw him in the street yesterday. 我昨天在街上看到他了。
look
看;瞧(强调动作);不及物动词,后接at+宾语
Please look at the blackboard carefully. 请仔细看黑板。
watch
观看;注视(动态场景);宾语为TV/match/race等
They are watching a movie now. 他们现在正在看电影。
read
读;看(书/报/屏幕等);侧重“阅读”动作
He reads the newspaper every morning. 他每天早上读报纸。
15.
拿/带
bring
带来;拿来(靠近说话人);方向:从别处到说话处
Can you bring your homework here tomorrow? 你明天能把作业带到这儿来吗?
take
拿走;带走(远离说话人);方向:从说话处到别处
Please take this trash out. 请把这袋垃圾拿出去。
carry
提;搬;扛(无明确方向,强调用力);宾语为重物/行李等
She is carrying a heavy box. 她正提着一个重箱子。
fetch
去取;去拿(往返动作);先去再回,强调“往返”
Could you fetch a glass of water for me? 你能帮我去倒一杯水吗?
16. 说
speak
说(语言);讲话;及物动词接语言名词;不及物动词表“说话”动作
She can speak English and French. 她会说英语和法语。/ He is speaking to the teacher. 他正在和老师说话。
say
说;讲(强调内容);后接直接引语或间接引语
What did you say just now? 你刚才说了什么?
talk
谈话;聊天;搭配:talk to/with sb. / talk about sth.
They are talking about their trip. 他们正在谈论他们的旅行。
tell
告诉;讲述;搭配:tell sb. sth. / tell sth. to sb. / tell stories/jokes
She told me an interesting story. 她给我讲了一个有趣的故事。
17. 听
listen to
听(强调动作);不及物动词,必须接to+宾语
You must listen to your teacher in class. 上课你必须认真听老师讲课。
hear
听见;听到(强调结果);无意识或有意识的“听到”
I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听到有人在敲门。
18.
希望/期望
hope
希望;盼望;搭配:hope to do sth. / hope + 从句(无hope sb. to do sth.)
I hope to visit Beijing next year. 我希望明年能去北京旅游。/ She hopes that she can pass the exam. 她希望自己能通过考试。
wish
希望;祝愿(多表示难以实现的愿望或祝福);搭配1:wish to do sth.;搭配2:wish sb. sth.(祝福);搭配3:wish + 虚拟语气从句
I wish to have a new bike. 我希望有一辆新自行车。/ Wish you a happy birthday. 祝你生日快乐。/ I wish I could fly. 我希望自己能飞。
expect
期待;预料(强调有依据的期望);搭配:expect to do sth. / expect sb. to do sth. / expect + 从句
She expects to get a good grade. 她期待能取得好成绩。/ I expect my dad to come back soon. 我期待爸爸早点回来。
19. 到达
arrive
到达;抵达;不及物动词,后接大地点用in,小地点用at
We arrived in Shanghai yesterday. 我们昨天到达了上海。/ She arrived at the station at 7 o'clock. 她7点到达了车站。
reach
到达;抵达(及物动词,直接接宾语);无需介词,可接地点名词或副词(如here/there)
They reached the top of the mountain at noon. 他们中午到达了山顶。/ When will you reach Beijing? 你什么时候到北京?
get to
到达;抵达(口语化,后接地点名词);后接here/there/home时省略to
I get to school at 8 a.m. every day. 我每天早上8点到校。/ When did you get there? 你什么时候到那儿的?
20. 发生/出现
happen
发生;碰巧(无被动语态,主语为物或it);搭配1:happen to do sth.(碰巧做某事);搭配2:What happened to sb./sth.?
A car accident happened on the road.
路上发生了一起车祸。
I happened to meet my old friend yesterday. 我昨天碰巧遇到了老朋友。
take place
发生;举行(无被动语态,主语为计划中的事件);多指有组织、有计划的事件发生
The school sports meeting will take place next Friday. 学校运动会下周五举行。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
occur
发生;出现(正式用语,可与happen互换);搭配:It occurs to sb. that...(某人想到……)
An idea occurred to me. 我想到了一个主意。
The accident occurred at midnight. 事故发生在午夜。
1.(2025·西藏)It often ________ me 50 minutes to finish this kind of paper cutting.
A.takes B.costs C.pays D.spends
2.—Hurry up and we can ________ before lunchtime.
—OK, let’s try to ________ the hall early to cheer for the players.
A.arrive; arrive B.reach; reach C.get; arrive at D.arrive; reach
3. —Has he returned the book to the library?
—No. He has ______ it for one week.
A.borrowed B.lent C.kept D.bought
4.— Who ______ the telephone many years ago?— Alexander Graham Bell.
A. found B. invented C. discovered D. created
5. Our teacher ______ us not to swim in the river alone because it’s dangerous.
A. advised B. suggested C. hoped D. expected
6. The story about the 24 Solar Terms ________ us a lot about traditional Chinese culture.
A.tells B.says C.speaks D.talks
一、单项选择
1.The whole story________ interesting. All the children like it.
A.sounds B.feels C.turns D.gets
2.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)The freshly baked bread smelt so _______ that all the customers wanted to have a taste.
A.badly B.awful C.nicely D.good
3.(2025·上海·模拟预测)Lisa always feels ________ when she has finished all her work.
A.pleasure B.please C.pleasantly D.pleased
4.(2025·江苏镇江)It is a rule that passengers ________ smoke in the high-speed railway.
A.wouldn’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.couldn’t
5.(2025·江苏宿迁)It’s true that robots ______ do a lot of things, such as telling stories, doing kung fu and so on.
A.may B.must C.can D.might
6.(2025·上海宝山·二模)We ________ any drink. You’d better buy some fruit and vegetables at the supermarket.
A.needn’t B.don’t need to C.don’t need D.not need
7.(2025·湖北武汉)—Mr. Brown, I’ve________ ideas. I can’t go on with my writing.
—Relax for a while. Inspiration may come to you later.
A.looked back at B.run out of C.taken pride in D.come up with
8.(2025·吉林长春)We often hear “Mind your step.” when we ________ a high-speed train.
A.put off B.turn off C.get off D.cut off
9.(2025·天津)The Whites like taking exercise, so they ________ every morning.
A.make a list B.lay the table C.make a mistake D.go for a walk
10.(2025·甘肃金昌)Don’t worry about me. I can _________ myself.
A.look at B.look for C.look out D.look after
11.(2025·甘肃平凉·一模)Don’t eat too much, or you’ll ________ weight.
A.put away B.put on C.put off D.put up
12.(2025·江苏扬州)Stress comes and goes. Sometimes you just need to ________.
A.sit down B.fall down C.calm down D.come down
13.(2025·安徽)—Thanks a lot for yesterday. I had a good time visiting the ancient town.
—It was my great pleasure to ________ with you.
A.hang out B.turn around C.look up D.eat in
14.(2025·江苏连云港)Our class went on a camping trip last Sunday. We ________ our tent near a lake.
A.put up B.made up C.took up D.woke up
15.(2025·四川遂宁)—Helen, ________ the lights when you leave the room.
—OK, Mr. Smith. I got it.
A.turn on B.turn off C.turn up D.turn down
16.(2025·江苏徐州)Come on, Alice. Don’t be so hard on yourself. Everyone makes mistakes. We have to ________ ourselves sometimes and keep a sense of humour!
A.believe in B.look after C.depend on D.laugh at
17.(2025·江苏宿迁)In yesterday’s maths lesson, our group ______ the problem after a discussion.
A.cut out B.worked out C.put out D.handed out
18.(2025·江西)Mozart ______ many pieces of beautiful music. That’s why he is so famous.
A.enjoyed B.created C.bought D.heard
19.(2025·甘肃白银)A low-fat diet can ________ the risk of heart disease.
A.help B.reduce C.encourage D.support
20.(2025·安徽)Paper-cutting is not easy to learn. It ________ much practice, patience and imagination.
A.explains B.supports C.provides D.requires
21.(2025·江苏连云港·)New types of energy from the sun, wind and water ________ little pollution and will never run out.
A.burn B.recycle C.separate D.produce
22. I ______ my English book in the library, so I have to borrow one from my classmate.
A. forgot B. left C. lost D. missed
23.(2025·湖北武汉·二模)—The China Pavilion ________ the visitors at Expo Osaka 2025 in Japan.
—Wow! Its design truly shows Chinese culture and wisdom.
A.praised B.disappointed C.impressed D.admired
24.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)—Aunt Mary never ________ things to be done today until tomorrow.
—Yeah! She is very good at planning and can always manage her time perfectly.
A.gives up B.checks out C.puts off D.hands in
25.(2025·安徽黄山·一模)Whenever I ________ the West Lake, I always stop to enjoy its beauty.
A.start with B.pass by C.set up D.clear out
二、完形填空
(2025·广东·三模)请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。
Zhang Yugun is head of Heihumiao Primary School in Henan Province. After graduation in 2001, Zhang chose to work in the 1 countryside. Over the past 23 years, he has 2 many teachers come and go because of the poor conditions in the village. However, he has stayed on and made every effort to help the children 3 their problems.
One winter, travelling on the mountain road was much more 4 than usual. The school was about to start, but those students’ 5 were still in a town outside the village. Then Zhang and another teacher left early in the morning with a shoulder pole (扁担). They carried back kilos of books. When they 6 the school, they were both covered in mud (泥), but the books were protected well. In 2006, a new 7 was built in the village, so Zhang started to carry the books with a motorbike. Although four motorbikes broke down, he never 8 .
To provide better 9 for the students whose parents had left the village to work in the city, Zhang asked his wife to give up her job to help cook and clean for the students. Thanks to the teachers like Zhang, the students in Heihumiao Primary School are 10 to learn at school and hope for a brighter future.
1.A.dirty B.poor C.beautiful D.clean
2.A.made B.helped C.seen D.heard
3.A.solve B.create C.explain D.recognize
4.A.expensive B.interesting C.enjoyable D.difficult
5.A.clothes B.pens C.books D.schoolbags
6.A.got to B.set up C.broke into D.pointed at
7.A.school B.road C.park D.museum
8.A.changed B.appeared C.stopped D.left
9.A.care B.environment C.food D.books
10.A.interested B.able C.happy D.surprised
三、短文填空
A (语法填空)
(2025·深圳·二模)阅读下面短文,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Zhao Xiaoyong, known as China’s Van Gogh, is a painter from Dafen Village in Shenzhen. This village is known as “ 1 world’s art factory.” Zhao came there to learn to paint 20 years ago as a migrant-worker (外来务工人员). At first, he 2 (copy) famous works painted by Vincent Van Gogh, such as Starry Night and Sunflowers.
In 2016, Zhao traveled to Amsterdam to visit the Van Gogh Museum. He felt 3 (deep) moved when he saw the original (原作) paintings. “I realized how much effort Van Gogh put into his art,” he said. Since then, Zhao 4 (create) many art works of his own. He paints scenes from his real life such as migrant-workers and busy 5 (street) in Shenzhen.
Zhao’s art now expresses his own ideas 6 the help of Van Gogh’s style. He says,“Van Gogh painted his life, and now I paint 7 (I).” He still makes copies to make money, but he hopes 8 (hold) an exhibition of his original works.
9 practice is important, Zhao believes that true art comes from the heart. He hopes that one day, people will not only see him as a copier but also as a 10 (success) artist. “I want to show the world the beauty of my life and my city,” he says.
B(选词填空)
阅读下面短文,在所给的每个空格填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词,并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答案位置上。
remain that and take role harm million cause but little remind up
Every year on April 22, people around the world come together to celebrate Earth Day. The first Earth Day 1 place in 1970 in the United States. It was such a huge success that now 2 of people join in Earth Day to learn and do things 3 help with environmental protection. If everyone did something small to help the Earth, it would make a big difference!
The theme for Earth Day in 2024 is “Planet vs. Plastics”, which tells us that beautiful Earth is fighting against the harm 4 by too much plastic. An increasing amount of plastic, from water bottles to bags at the grocery store, is being used but ends 5 in places it shouldn’t, like oceans and forests. It can be 6 to animals and plants. So this Earth Day, we are encouraged to think of ways to use even 7 plastic. Schools might have contests or art projects about Earth Day, 8 some towns even host clean-up days. Earth Day 9 each of us to be a part of this big, beautiful world, and we all have to play a 10 in keeping it healthy and clean — not just on Earth Day, but every day!
四、 完成句子
1. 现在,我们的生活越来越依赖手机。
Our lives smart phones more and more nowadays.
2.政府建立了自然公园。
The government nature parks.
3. 研究结果显示,人们不健康的生活方式导致了许多现代疾病。
The research shows that people’s unhealthy lifestyles modern diseases.
4.以前,李华在学习长的诗歌时有困难。
In the past, Li Hua long poems.
5.多亏了在线课程,Amy能够和她的老师、同学随时随地联系。
Thanks to online courses, Amy could her teachers and classmates at any time and anywhere.
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