专题27 人与社会：文化习俗与社会现象（综合训练）（湖南专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题27 人与社会：文化习俗与社会现象 （考试时间：45分钟 试卷满分：75分） 核心话题：节日传统、艺术形式、饮食文化、旅游地理、社会责任、当代热点 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 话题 饮食文化 体裁 应用文 难度 得分 /6 There are four important dishes during the Spring Festival in China. Are you familiar with them? Do you know the meaning of each dish? Celebrate the Spring Festival with a lucky New Year’s Eve dinner! Deep—fried fish in sweet and sour sauce The Chinese word for fish is “鱼” which sounds the same as “余”, showing plenty of food. So the dish means a surplus (剩余) of food. Chinese dumplings Chinese dumplings are also called jiaozi. The shape of jiaozi is also similar to the money used in ancient China. So it is believed that they will bring wealth. Eight—treasure porridge Eight kinds of ingredients (原料) in it stand for good luck and happiness. It also looks like a treasure bowl which can get luck together. Four—joy meatballs The four meatballs in this dish stand for four joys in life: the blessing (祝福), wealth, longevity (长寿) and happiness. The round shape is also a symbol of getting together for happiness in the new year. 1． When do we Chinese usually eat these dishes according to the text? A．At the Spring Festival. B．On New Year’s Day. C．At the Dragon Boat Festival. 2． Which of the following dishes will bring wealth? A．Deep—fried fish. B．Chinese dumplings. C．Eight—treasure porridge. 3． What can we learn from the text? A．We usually eat Chinese dumplings at the Mid—Autumn Festival. B．Deep—fried fish in sweet and sour sauce tastes bad. C．The Spring Festival dishes in China have special cultural meanings. B 话题 社会责任 体裁 记叙文 难度 得分 /8 PLANTING FOR THE PLANET When he was nine years old, Felix Finkbeiner gave a class presentation on climate change. The young German spoke about deforestation (滥伐森林) and its effect on the planet. At the end of his talk, he challenged the people of his country to help by planting one million trees. Nobody thought much would come of a nine-year-old’s school project. Before he was 20, however, Finkbeiner’s efforts had resulted in the planting of more than 14 billion trees around the world. Finkbeiner and his classmates began the project—named “Plant-for-the-Planet” by planting the first tree outside their school. Other schools followed the example, and news of the one-million challenge spread. As a result, he was asked to speak at the European Parliament (欧盟议会). Other invitations soon followed, and when he was 13, he spoke at a United Nations conference (会议). “We cannot trust that adults alone will save our future,” he said in the speech. “We have to take our future in our own hands.” Finkbeiner is now in his twenties, and Plant-for-the-Planet is an organization with around 70,000 members. It works to teach people about climate change and to encourage the planting of more trees. Germany’s one millionth tree was planted long ago. The goal now is one trillion—150 for every person on Earth. Finkbeiner continues to give talks on climate change to world leaders. “I don’t think we can give up on this generation (代) of adults,” he says, “and wait 20 or 30 years for our generation to come to power. We don’t have that time. All we can do is to push current (当前的) world leaders in the right direction.” 4． What is the reading mainly about? A．The problems deforestation can cause for our planet. B．How planting trees can help protect the environment. C．How Finkbeiner has made a big difference to the environment. 5． What had Finkbeiner’s efforts led to before he was 20? A．A presentation on climate change in his class. B．The planting of over 14 billion trees worldwide. C．The chance to speak at a United Nations conference. 6． What is true about Plant-for-the-Planet today? A．Its aim is to plant one trillion trees. B．It has around 7,000 members. C．It has already planted one billion trees. 7． What can we infer from Finkbeiner’s words in paragraph 4? A．We can wait 20 to 30 years for our generation to come to power. B．Young people today need to push those in power to make changes. C．Today’s world leaders are a good example for younger generations. C 话题 艺术形式 体裁 新闻报道 难度 得分 /8 A Chinese 2D-animated film (动画电影) called “Nobody” has become a big hit this summer. It was made by Shanghai Animation Film Studio and came out on August 2, 2025. By August 11, it had made 574 million yuan. This broke the record for Chinese-2D animated films—it went past the 573 million yuan of Big Fish & Begonia (《大鱼海棠》). It also got a score of 8.6 on Douban, and both children and grown-ups love it. The film tells a warm story. It is based on a short film from Chinese Tales. The story is about four little monsters: a pig, a toad (蟾蜍) ,a weasel (黄鼠狼), and a gorilla (大猩猩). They used to work for a mountain king, but they lost their jobs by chance. To live, they pretend (假装) to be Tang Monk and his group from Journey to the West (《西游记》) and start a trip to the west. On the way, they change—at first they only looked for food, but later they save villagers. There is a famous line in the film: “We may be nobodies in society, but we are pillars (支柱) at home.” This line makes people think about life. What makes this film special? Its beautiful Chinese ink painting style is very eye-catching and each picture uses 50 ink layers. Its English name “Nobody” tells us: even small and common people can be heroes. The film’s success has also made its related products (相关产品) popular. More than 300 products, from soft toys to school things like pens and notebooks, sell very fast. “Nobody” is not just a movie. It brings happiness to people and teaches us that everyone can be a hero. 8．Why can we say “Nobody” is popular with many people? A．It was made by a famous animation studio. B．It got a high score on Douban and is loved by kids and adults. C．It broke the record for Chinese 3D animated films. 9．What can we know about the four little monsters in the film? A．They always wanted to be Tang Monk and his group. B．They became better people during their trip to the west. C．They only cared about finding food during the whole trip. 10．Why did the writer mention the 50 ink layers used in each picture of the film? A．To show how difficult it is to make an animated film. B．To explain why the film’s ink painting style is beautiful and special. C．To tell readers the film used more ink than other films. 11．What can we know from the passage? A．“Nobody” came out on August 11, 2025. B．“Big Fish & Begonia” earned 574 million yuan at the box office. C．The film wants to tell us common people can be heroes. D 话题 社会现象 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /8 “Beep, beep,” goes the car horn (喇叭). You’ve got dressed, but you’ve not had time to eat breakfast. You run out of the front door swinging your school backpack, and jump into the waiting car. Inside, your friends say “hey” as one of their parents drives you to school. This is the daily car pooling (拼车) to school.    Car pools are a common way of transportation for many students in the US. You, along with many of your friends can fit in the car, and share the journey to school each day. Parents may take turns to drive you all to school. Here are some good points that may catch your eyes. What do you do in the car? If you have no time for breakfast, you can have it in the car. If you’re behind on your homework, this is your last chance to finish it before class. Some students simply add their sleep time before classes begin.   Besides walking or cycling to class, car pools are energy efficient (节能的), if you can’t take the school bus. Instead of four cars taking four students to school each day, they can all squeeze into one. Think of how much ▲ that you can save! More importantly, car pooling teaches students valuable life lessons not taught in class. It can teach students about the social responsibility of being on time. If you’re late, then all of your friends will be late, too. 12．Paragraph ① mainly talks about . A．who drives students to school. B．what car pooling is like C．where students get on the car 13．What can students do during car pooling? A．Finish the rest of homework. B．Swing the school backpacks. C．Get dressed and make breakfast. 14．Which is the best word to fill in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph④? A．Homework. B．Money. C．Time. 15．What’s the structure of this passage? A． B． C． 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项多余选项。 话题 饮食文化 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /10 There are not many nations that can say their national dish has become international. 16 Both are famous all over the world, and both have made the history of Italian food. People have been eating pizza, in one form or another, for centuries. They eat it everywhere — at home, in restaurants, or on street corners. 17 Long ago, pieces of flatbread (薄饼), topped with mushrooms and herbs (香料), were a simple and tasty meal. They were mostly for those who didn’t have enough money to buy plates, or who were on the go. In the 18th century, Naples, in southern Italy, had become one of the largest cities in Europe, and it was growing fast. Lots of city people were poor and they were always rushing around to look for work. 18 Pizzas were cut to meet the customers’ needs. They were inexpensive, used easy-to-find ingredients (原料), and could be made with plenty of flavor. It was in America that pizza found its second home. 19 Soon, pizza spread across the country with the rapid development of the city. It was increasingly considered as a fast, fun food. People might like New York-style thin pizza, or Chicago deep-dish thick pizza. Some want extra cheese on their pizzas while others only like vegetables. 20 For a lot of people in Western countries, when they cannot decide what to eat, they order pizzas. A．The word “pizza” came from the Latin word “pinsa” meaning flatbread. B．The secret is, almost everyone likes pizza. C．Italy has two such dishes, spaghetti and pizza. D．In 1905, the first pizza, Lombardi’s, was opened in New York City. E．They needed food that was cheap and easy to eat. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分35分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题15分，满分15分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项 话题 旅游地理 体裁 记叙文 难度 得分 /15 Last summer, both my best friend David and I had twenty days off. At first, we were not sure where to spend our holiday, but after a short 21 , we decided to have a 15-day journey to the North Pole (北极). I had always wanted to visit the North Pole because the sun stays in the sky all summer and never 22 . We first flew to Murmansk from a city in the east part of Germany. Murmansk is the nearest big city in Russia to the North Pole. When we got off the plane, it was raining hard. Luckily, the rain stopped and the clouds 23 half an hour later. The sun came out and started to 24 brightly. After we stayed in the city for two days, we boarded (登上) a ship to the North Pole. After 25 five days of sailing, our ship finally arrived at the North Pole. We felt very excited. There was ice everywhere, 26 it was summer. It was still quite cold and the temperature was 27 zero. The wind at the North Pole was very strong. “How nice it would be to use the strong wind at the North Pole to produce 28 !” I said to myself. Luckily, we saw several lovely polar bears. We 29 at the North Pole for several days and took lots of photos. We loved our North Pole trip! The ice, the bears, and the midnight sun were all so cool. We really enjoyed the 30 beauty of nature there. 21．A．conversation B．discussion C．vacation 22．A．goes down B．turns off C．falls away 23．A．appeared B．continued C．cleared 24．A．burn B．smile C．shine 25．A．really B．nearly C．finally 26．A．though B．because C．since 27．A．beside B．below C．above 28．A．electricity B．light C．waste 29．A．visited B．waited C．remained 30．A．interesting B．amazing C．relaxing 第二节（共10小趣；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 话题 节日传统 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /10 Have you ever heard of Dongzhi, the Winter Solstice? It is the day with 31 (long) night and the shortest day. It usually happens around December 22nd every year. Let’s learn 32 this day is special. After the Winter Solstice, the days get longer and the nights get shorter. This means the sun will shine more every day! In China, the year 33 (divide) into 24 solar terms (节气). These terms follow the Sun’s movement. They help with farming and festivals. The Winter Solstice is the first term to be set up, 34 it is very important in Chinese culture. 35 long time ago, the Winter Solstice was a big festival. People celebrated with food and fun. Even the emperor gave people a day off, and all 36 (market) closed. People believed it brought good luck. In northern China, people eat dumplings to stay warm. In southern China, families eat sweet rice balls called tangyuan. This makes the festival a time for reunion. The Winter Solstice starts “Counting the nines.” People count every nine days as a “nine” and there are nine such “nines” 37 total, lasting for eighty-one days. In ancient times, people 38 (deep) understood nature and climate (气候) change. They used “Counting the nines” 39 (predict) the arrival of spring. It was a way for   40 (they) to look forward to warmer weather and the wake-up of all things. 第三部分 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题或翻译画线部分。 话题 志愿服务 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /10 Xi’an, a city with a history of over 3,000 years, is home to many famous museums. With the growing interest in ancient culture and museums, a large number of tourists visit museums in Xi’an every year. Luo Wei has volunteered as a tour guide at the Small Wild Goose Pagoda (小雁塔), a famous place of interest in Xi’an Museum, for several years. Luo studied electronic information engineering at college and now works for a company. Although his education experience and job have nothing to do with cultural tourism, Luo has developed a deep love for Chinese history since a young age. This led him to join the team of volunteer tour guides in 2011. So far, Luo has given 350 to 400 tours and each of them lasts at least 2 hours. Luo is also very hard-working. To become a better tour guide, he always listens to study materials. When Luo volunteers at the museum, he always tries his best to offer different services to different people. For example, when there are many children in the tour group, he talks in a simple way. Luo believes that for the volunteer work, the most important thing is love and that one should truly enjoy the process. Only in this way can one help more people to experience the rich history and culture of Xi’an. “I am glad to share my knowledge and help more young people learn how to enjoy these cultural treasures.” 41．Where does Luo volunteer as a tour guide? 42．When did Luo become one of the volunteer tour guides? 43．To become a better tour guide, what does Luo do? 44．How does Luo work with children in his tour group? 45．What do you think of Luo? 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题27 人与社会：文化习俗与社会现象 （考试时间：45分钟 试卷满分：75分） 核心话题：节日传统、艺术形式、饮食文化、旅游地理、社会责任、当代热点 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 话题 饮食文化 体裁 应用文 难度 得分 /6 There are four important dishes during the Spring Festival in China. Are you familiar with them? Do you know the meaning of each dish? Celebrate the Spring Festival with a lucky New Year’s Eve dinner! Deep—fried fish in sweet and sour sauce The Chinese word for fish is “鱼” which sounds the same as “余”, showing plenty of food. So the dish means a surplus (剩余) of food. Chinese dumplings Chinese dumplings are also called jiaozi. The shape of jiaozi is also similar to the money used in ancient China. So it is believed that they will bring wealth. Eight—treasure porridge Eight kinds of ingredients (原料) in it stand for good luck and happiness. It also looks like a treasure bowl which can get luck together. Four—joy meatballs The four meatballs in this dish stand for four joys in life: the blessing (祝福), wealth, longevity (长寿) and happiness. The round shape is also a symbol of getting together for happiness in the new year. 1． When do we Chinese usually eat these dishes according to the text? A．At the Spring Festival. B．On New Year’s Day. C．At the Dragon Boat Festival. 2． Which of the following dishes will bring wealth? A．Deep—fried fish. B．Chinese dumplings. C．Eight—treasure porridge. 3． What can we learn from the text? A．We usually eat Chinese dumplings at the Mid—Autumn Festival. B．Deep—fried fish in sweet and sour sauce tastes bad. C．The Spring Festival dishes in China have special cultural meanings. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文介绍了中国春节期间的四道传统年夜饭：糖醋鱼、饺子、八宝粥和四喜丸子，并讲解了它们的文化寓意和象征意义。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Celebrate the Spring Festival with a lucky New Year’s Eve dinner!”可知，这些菜是春节吃的年夜饭。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The shape of jiaozi is also similar to the money used in ancient China. So it is believed that they will bring wealth.”可知，饺子象征财富。故选B。 3．推理判断题。文章介绍了四种春节的传统菜肴及其象征意义，说明中国的年夜饭菜肴都富有文化内涵。故选C。 B 话题 社会责任 体裁 记叙文 难度 得分 /8 PLANTING FOR THE PLANET When he was nine years old, Felix Finkbeiner gave a class presentation on climate change. The young German spoke about deforestation (滥伐森林) and its effect on the planet. At the end of his talk, he challenged the people of his country to help by planting one million trees. Nobody thought much would come of a nine-year-old’s school project. Before he was 20, however, Finkbeiner’s efforts had resulted in the planting of more than 14 billion trees around the world. Finkbeiner and his classmates began the project—named “Plant-for-the-Planet” by planting the first tree outside their school. Other schools followed the example, and news of the one-million challenge spread. As a result, he was asked to speak at the European Parliament (欧盟议会). Other invitations soon followed, and when he was 13, he spoke at a United Nations conference (会议). “We cannot trust that adults alone will save our future,” he said in the speech. “We have to take our future in our own hands.” Finkbeiner is now in his twenties, and Plant-for-the-Planet is an organization with around 70,000 members. It works to teach people about climate change and to encourage the planting of more trees. Germany’s one millionth tree was planted long ago. The goal now is one trillion—150 for every person on Earth. Finkbeiner continues to give talks on climate change to world leaders. “I don’t think we can give up on this generation (代) of adults,” he says, “and wait 20 or 30 years for our generation to come to power. We don’t have that time. All we can do is to push current (当前的) world leaders in the right direction.” 4． What is the reading mainly about? A．The problems deforestation can cause for our planet. B．How planting trees can help protect the environment. C．How Finkbeiner has made a big difference to the environment. 5． What had Finkbeiner’s efforts led to before he was 20? A．A presentation on climate change in his class. B．The planting of over 14 billion trees worldwide. C．The chance to speak at a United Nations conference. 6． What is true about Plant-for-the-Planet today? A．Its aim is to plant one trillion trees. B．It has around 7,000 members. C．It has already planted one billion trees. 7． What can we infer from Finkbeiner’s words in paragraph 4? A．We can wait 20 to 30 years for our generation to come to power. B．Young people today need to push those in power to make changes. C．Today’s world leaders are a good example for younger generations. 【答案】4．C 5．B 6．A 7．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了九岁德国男孩Finkbeiner发起“为地球植树”项目。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是Finkbeiner如何致力于改善环境，种植大量树木并取得重大影响，选项C“Finkbeiner是如何对环境产生重大影响的”符合主旨。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“Before he was 20, however, Finkbeiner’s efforts had resulted in the planting of more than 14 billion trees around the world.”可知，在他20岁之前，Finkbeiner的努力就已经促成了全球超过140亿棵树木的种植。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据“The goal now is one trillion...”可知，现在该组织的目标是一万亿棵树。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据“All we can do is to push current world leaders in the right direction.”可知，Finkbeiner认为我们要推动当今的世界领导人朝着正确的方向前进，也就是如今的年轻人需要推动掌权者做出改变。故选B。 C 话题 艺术形式 体裁 新闻报道 难度 得分 /8 A Chinese 2D-animated film (动画电影) called “Nobody” has become a big hit this summer. It was made by Shanghai Animation Film Studio and came out on August 2, 2025. By August 11, it had made 574 million yuan. This broke the record for Chinese-2D animated films—it went past the 573 million yuan of Big Fish & Begonia (《大鱼海棠》). It also got a score of 8.6 on Douban, and both children and grown-ups love it. The film tells a warm story. It is based on a short film from Chinese Tales. The story is about four little monsters: a pig, a toad (蟾蜍) ,a weasel (黄鼠狼), and a gorilla (大猩猩). They used to work for a mountain king, but they lost their jobs by chance. To live, they pretend (假装) to be Tang Monk and his group from Journey to the West (《西游记》) and start a trip to the west. On the way, they change—at first they only looked for food, but later they save villagers. There is a famous line in the film: “We may be nobodies in society, but we are pillars (支柱) at home.” This line makes people think about life. What makes this film special? Its beautiful Chinese ink painting style is very eye-catching and each picture uses 50 ink layers. Its English name “Nobody” tells us: even small and common people can be heroes. The film’s success has also made its related products (相关产品) popular. More than 300 products, from soft toys to school things like pens and notebooks, sell very fast. “Nobody” is not just a movie. It brings happiness to people and teaches us that everyone can be a hero. 8．Why can we say “Nobody” is popular with many people? A．It was made by a famous animation studio. B．It got a high score on Douban and is loved by kids and adults. C．It broke the record for Chinese 3D animated films. 9．What can we know about the four little monsters in the film? A．They always wanted to be Tang Monk and his group. B．They became better people during their trip to the west. C．They only cared about finding food during the whole trip. 10．Why did the writer mention the 50 ink layers used in each picture of the film? A．To show how difficult it is to make an animated film. B．To explain why the film’s ink painting style is beautiful and special. C．To tell readers the film used more ink than other films. 11．What can we know from the passage? A．“Nobody” came out on August 11, 2025. B．“Big Fish & Begonia” earned 574 million yuan at the box office. C．The film wants to tell us common people can be heroes. 【答案】8．B 9．B 10．B 11．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了暑期热门2D动画电影《浪浪山小妖怪》的相关信息。 8．细节理解题。根据“It also got a score of 8.6 on Douban, and both children and grown-ups love it.”可知，豆瓣评分8.6，孩子们和成年人都很喜欢它。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据“On the way, they change—at first they only looked for food, but later they save villagers.”可知，在路上，它们改变了，一开始它们寻找食物，但是后来它们拯救村民，因此是在旅途中它们成为了更好的人。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据“What makes this film special? Its beautiful Chinese ink painting style is very eye-catching and each picture uses 50 ink layers.”可知，这部电影的特别之处在于，影片极具美感的中国水墨画风格格外引人注目，每一幅画面都运用了50 层油墨叠加技术。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据“Its English name ‘Nobody’ tells us: even small and common people can be heroes.”可知，影片的英文片名《浪浪山小妖怪》还传递出这样的内涵：即便平凡普通的人，也能成为英雄。故选C。 D 话题 社会现象 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /8 “Beep, beep,” goes the car horn (喇叭). You’ve got dressed, but you’ve not had time to eat breakfast. You run out of the front door swinging your school backpack, and jump into the waiting car. Inside, your friends say “hey” as one of their parents drives you to school. This is the daily car pooling (拼车) to school.    Car pools are a common way of transportation for many students in the US. You, along with many of your friends can fit in the car, and share the journey to school each day. Parents may take turns to drive you all to school. Here are some good points that may catch your eyes. What do you do in the car? If you have no time for breakfast, you can have it in the car. If you’re behind on your homework, this is your last chance to finish it before class. Some students simply add their sleep time before classes begin.   Besides walking or cycling to class, car pools are energy efficient (节能的), if you can’t take the school bus. Instead of four cars taking four students to school each day, they can all squeeze into one. Think of how much ▲ that you can save! More importantly, car pooling teaches students valuable life lessons not taught in class. It can teach students about the social responsibility of being on time. If you’re late, then all of your friends will be late, too. 12．Paragraph ① mainly talks about . A．who drives students to school. B．what car pooling is like C．where students get on the car 13．What can students do during car pooling? A．Finish the rest of homework. B．Swing the school backpacks. C．Get dressed and make breakfast. 14．Which is the best word to fill in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph④? A．Homework. B．Money. C．Time. 15．What’s the structure of this passage? A． B． C． 【答案】12．B 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文介绍了美国的拼车现象，详细地描述了拼车的情形、学生们可以在车内做什么等。 12．段落大意题。根据“This is the daily car pooling (拼车) to school.”及首段内容可知，该段介绍了拼车是怎样的。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据“If you’re behind on your homework, this is your last chance to finish it before class.”可知，学生们可以在车上完成剩下的作业。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据“Instead of four cars taking four students to school each day, they can all squeeze into one.”他们可以挤成一辆车，而不是每天四辆车送四个学生上学。可知，此处说四辆车拼成一辆车，会更省钱。因此这里应该填入money。故选B。 15．篇章结构题。通读全文，梳理脉络，可知①、②段为并列段落，主要对拼车展开介绍；剩余的三段在前两段层次之下，对于拼车时建议学生做什么，不建议做什么、拼车的好处等做了介绍。因此正确的结构是：①、②并列；③、④、⑤并列。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项多余选项。 话题 饮食文化 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /10 There are not many nations that can say their national dish has become international. 16 Both are famous all over the world, and both have made the history of Italian food. People have been eating pizza, in one form or another, for centuries. They eat it everywhere — at home, in restaurants, or on street corners. 17 Long ago, pieces of flatbread (薄饼), topped with mushrooms and herbs (香料), were a simple and tasty meal. They were mostly for those who didn’t have enough money to buy plates, or who were on the go. In the 18th century, Naples, in southern Italy, had become one of the largest cities in Europe, and it was growing fast. Lots of city people were poor and they were always rushing around to look for work. 18 Pizzas were cut to meet the customers’ needs. They were inexpensive, used easy-to-find ingredients (原料), and could be made with plenty of flavor. It was in America that pizza found its second home. 19 Soon, pizza spread across the country with the rapid development of the city. It was increasingly considered as a fast, fun food. People might like New York-style thin pizza, or Chicago deep-dish thick pizza. Some want extra cheese on their pizzas while others only like vegetables. 20 For a lot of people in Western countries, when they cannot decide what to eat, they order pizzas. A．The word “pizza” came from the Latin word “pinsa” meaning flatbread. B．The secret is, almost everyone likes pizza. C．Italy has two such dishes, spaghetti and pizza. D．In 1905, the first pizza, Lombardi’s, was opened in New York City. E．They needed food that was cheap and easy to eat. 【答案】16．C 17．A 18．E 19．D 20．B 【导语】本文讲了意大利的食品披萨，详细地介绍了它的历史和发展情况。 16．根据“Both are famous all over the world, and both have made the history of Italian food.”这两种比萨都闻名于世界各地，都创造了意大利食品的历史。可知说的是意大利食物，选项C“意大利有两道这样的菜，意大利面条和披萨”符合语境。故选C。 17．根据“Long ago, pieces of flatbread, topped with mushrooms and herbs(香料), were a simple and tasty meal.”很久以前，铺上蘑菇和香料的大饼是简单而美味的一餐。可知说的是名字的来源，选项A“ ‘pizza’一词来自拉丁语‘pinsa’，意思是扁平面包。”符合语境。故选A。 18．根据“Lots of city people were poor and they were always rushing around to look for work.”很多城里人都很穷，他们总是四处奔波找工作。可知说的是穷人吃什么食物，选项E“他们需要便宜又容易吃的食物。”符合语境。故选E。 19．根据“It was in America that pizza found its second home.”披萨是在美国找到第二个家的。可知说的是披萨在美国的发展，选项D“1905年，第一家披萨店Lombardi’s在纽约市开业。”符合语境。故选D。 20． 根据“Some want extra cheese on their pizzas while others only like vegetables.”一些人希望比萨饼上多加奶酪，而另一些人只喜欢蔬菜。可知说的是人们都很喜欢披萨，选项B“秘诀是，几乎每个人都喜欢披萨。”符合语境。故选B。 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分35分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题15分，满分15分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项 话题 旅游地理 体裁 记叙文 难度 得分 /15 Last summer, both my best friend David and I had twenty days off. At first, we were not sure where to spend our holiday, but after a short 21 , we decided to have a 15-day journey to the North Pole (北极). I had always wanted to visit the North Pole because the sun stays in the sky all summer and never 22 . We first flew to Murmansk from a city in the east part of Germany. Murmansk is the nearest big city in Russia to the North Pole. When we got off the plane, it was raining hard. Luckily, the rain stopped and the clouds 23 half an hour later. The sun came out and started to 24 brightly. After we stayed in the city for two days, we boarded (登上) a ship to the North Pole. After 25 five days of sailing, our ship finally arrived at the North Pole. We felt very excited. There was ice everywhere, 26 it was summer. It was still quite cold and the temperature was 27 zero. The wind at the North Pole was very strong. “How nice it would be to use the strong wind at the North Pole to produce 28 !” I said to myself. Luckily, we saw several lovely polar bears. We 29 at the North Pole for several days and took lots of photos. We loved our North Pole trip! The ice, the bears, and the midnight sun were all so cool. We really enjoyed the 30 beauty of nature there. 21．A．conversation B．discussion C．vacation 22．A．goes down B．turns off C．falls away 23．A．appeared B．continued C．cleared 24．A．burn B．smile C．shine 25．A．really B．nearly C．finally 26．A．though B．because C．since 27．A．beside B．below C．above 28．A．electricity B．light C．waste 29．A．visited B．waited C．remained 30．A．interesting B．amazing C．relaxing 【答案】 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．C 25．B 26．A 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．B 【导语】本文主要讲述作者和朋友的北极之旅。 21．句意：起初，我们不确定去哪里度假，但经过短暂的讨论后，我们决定进行一次为期15天的北极之旅。 conversation交谈；discussion讨论；vacation假期。根据“At first, we were not sure where to spend our holiday, but after a short...”可知，此处指经过讨论后决定去哪里度假，应填“讨论”，故选B。 22．句意：我一直想参观北极，因为整个夏天太阳都挂在天上，从不落下。goes down落下；turns off关闭；falls away脱落。根据“the sun stays in the sky all summer”可知，此处指太阳不落下，应填“落下”，故选A。 23．句意：幸运的是，半小时后雨停了，云也散了。appeared出现；continued继续；cleared消散，散去。根据“the rain stopped and the clouds...half an hour later.”可知，此处指云散了，故选C。 24．句意：太阳出来了，开始明亮地照耀着。burn燃烧；smile微笑；shine照耀。根据“The sun came out and started to...brightly.”可知，此处指太阳出来照耀，故选C。 25．句意：经过近五天的航行，我们的船终于到达了北极。really真正地；nearly将近；finally最终。根据“After...five days of sailing, our ship finally arrived at the North Pole.”可知，此处指经过近五天的航行，故选B。 26．句意：到处都是冰，尽管现在是夏天。though尽管；because因为；since自从。根据“There was ice everywhere,...it was summer.”可知，此处指尽管是夏天，到处都是冰，故选A。 27．句意：天气仍然很冷，温度在零度以下。beside在……旁边；below在……下面；above在……上面。根据“It was still quite cold and the temperature was...zero.”可知，此处指温度在零度以下，故选B。 28．句意：用北极的强风发电该多好啊！electricity电；light光；waste浪费。根据“use the strong wind at the North Pole to produce...”可知，此处指用风发电，故选A。 29．句意：我们在北极待了几天，拍了很多照片。visited参观；waited等待；remained停留。根据“We...at the North Pole for several days and took lots of photos.”可知，此处指在北极停留了几天，故选C。 30．句意：我们真的很喜欢那里令人惊叹的自然美景。interesting有趣的；amazing令人惊叹的；relaxing令人放松的。根据“The ice, the bears, and the midnight sun were all so cool.”可知，此处指令人惊叹的自然美景，故选B。 第二节（共10小趣；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 话题 节日传统 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /10 Have you ever heard of Dongzhi, the Winter Solstice? It is the day with 31 (long) night and the shortest day. It usually happens around December 22nd every year. Let’s learn 32 this day is special. After the Winter Solstice, the days get longer and the nights get shorter. This means the sun will shine more every day! In China, the year 33 (divide) into 24 solar terms (节气). These terms follow the Sun’s movement. They help with farming and festivals. The Winter Solstice is the first term to be set up, 34 it is very important in Chinese culture. 35 long time ago, the Winter Solstice was a big festival. People celebrated with food and fun. Even the emperor gave people a day off, and all 36 (market) closed. People believed it brought good luck. In northern China, people eat dumplings to stay warm. In southern China, families eat sweet rice balls called tangyuan. This makes the festival a time for reunion. The Winter Solstice starts “Counting the nines.” People count every nine days as a “nine” and there are nine such “nines” 37 total, lasting for eighty-one days. In ancient times, people 38 (deep) understood nature and climate (气候) change. They used “Counting the nines” 39 (predict) the arrival of spring. It was a way for   40 (they) to look forward to warmer weather and the wake-up of all things. 【答案】 31．the longest 32．why 33．is divided 34．so 35．A 36．markets 37．in 38．deeply 39．to predict 40．them 【导语】本文作者介绍了冬至这一节气及其相关习俗和文化意义。 31．句意：它是一年中黑夜最长、白天最短的一天。根据“the shortest day”可知，此处用最高级形式longest，表示“最长的夜晚”，最高级前加定冠词the。故填the longest。 32．句意：让我们来了解一下为什么这一天很特别。根据“learn...this day is special”可知，此处表示了解为什么这一天很特别，用why引导宾语从句。故填why。 33．句意：在中国，一年被分为24个节气。主语“the year”与动词“divide”之间是被动关系，且句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用is。故填is divided。 34．句意：冬至是第一个被设立的节气，所以它在中国文化中非常重要。根据“The Winter Solstice is the first term to be set up,...it is very important in Chinese culture.”可知，前后句是因果关系，前因后果，用so连接。故填so。 35．句意：很久以前，冬至是一个大节日。a long time ago“很久以前”，固定短语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。 36． 句意：甚至皇帝给人们放一天假，所有的市场都关门。all后接可数名词复数形式markets“市场”。故填markets。 37． 句意：人们每九天数一个“九”，总共有九个这样的“九”，持续八十一天。in total“总共”，固定短语。故填in。 38．句意：在古代，人们深刻地了解自然和气候变化。修饰动词“understood”用副词形式deeply“深刻地”。故填deeply。 39．句意：他们用“数九”来预测春天的到来。predict“预测”，use...to do sth.“用……来做某事”，固定搭配。故填to predict。 40．句意：这是他们期待温暖天气和万物苏醒的一种方式。介词for后接人称代词宾格形式them“他们”。故填them。 第三部分 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题或翻译画线部分。 话题 志愿服务 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /10 Xi’an, a city with a history of over 3,000 years, is home to many famous museums. With the growing interest in ancient culture and museums, a large number of tourists visit museums in Xi’an every year. Luo Wei has volunteered as a tour guide at the Small Wild Goose Pagoda (小雁塔), a famous place of interest in Xi’an Museum, for several years. Luo studied electronic information engineering at college and now works for a company. Although his education experience and job have nothing to do with cultural tourism, Luo has developed a deep love for Chinese history since a young age. This led him to join the team of volunteer tour guides in 2011. So far, Luo has given 350 to 400 tours and each of them lasts at least 2 hours. Luo is also very hard-working. To become a better tour guide, he always listens to study materials. When Luo volunteers at the museum, he always tries his best to offer different services to different people. For example, when there are many children in the tour group, he talks in a simple way. Luo believes that for the volunteer work, the most important thing is love and that one should truly enjoy the process. Only in this way can one help more people to experience the rich history and culture of Xi’an. “I am glad to share my knowledge and help more young people learn how to enjoy these cultural treasures.” 41．Where does Luo volunteer as a tour guide? 42．When did Luo become one of the volunteer tour guides? 43．To become a better tour guide, what does Luo do? 44．How does Luo work with children in his tour group? 45．What do you think of Luo? 【答案】41．At the Small Wild Goose Pagoda. 42．In 2011. 43．He always listens to study materials. 44．He talks in a simple way. 45．Helpful./Kind. 【导语】本文主要讲述了在西安博物馆小雁塔做志愿导游的Luo Wei的相关情况，包括他做志愿导游的地点、时间、为成为更好导游所做的努力、与孩子相处的方式以及对他个人的评价。 41．根据“Luo Wei has volunteered as a tour guide at the Small Wild Goose Pagoda (小雁塔), a famous place of interest in Xi’an Museum, for several years.”可知，罗伟在小雁塔做志愿导游。故填At the Small Wild Goose Pagoda. 42．根据“This led him to join the team of volunteer tour guides in 2011.”可知，Luo Wei在2011年成为志愿导游之一。故填In 2011. 43．根据“To become a better tour guide, he always listens to study materials.”可知，为了成为更好的导游，Luo Wei总是听学习资料。故填He always listens to study materials. 44．根据“For example, when there are many children in the tour group, he talks in a simple way.”可知，当旅游团里有很多孩子时，Luo Wei用简单的方式和他们交流。故填He talks in a simple way. 45．这是一个开放性问题，答案因人而异。根据文章内容可知，Luo Wei做志愿导游，帮助很多人体验西安丰富的历史文化，所以他很乐于助人、善良等。故填Helpful./Kind. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $