Unit 4提升训练2025-2026学年沪教五四制版八年级英语上册

Unit 4提升训练 复习巩固 I.短语默写 1.从远方运输货物 2.用木头取暖 3.通过陆路或海路旅行 4.在工厂和矿井里长时间工作 5.在拥挤的城市中生活 6.很少接受教育 7.发生了夸张的变化 8.制作古籍的数字化副本 9.让古代文物重现生机 10.尽管条件艰苦 11.长途旅行 12.写信代替发电子邮件 13.乡村生活方式 14.生活在污染严重的河流附近 15.在汽车尾箱集市上卖旧物 II.句子默写 1.过去，交通非常缓慢且困难。 2.人们很少乘飞机旅行，而是通过陆路或海路进行长途旅行。 3.在19世纪，贫困家庭的孩子常常成为工厂和矿井里的童工。 4.尽管这块怀表很旧，但它仍然走得很准。 5.现代科技通过数字化副本让古籍重获新生。 Ⅲ.词性转换默写 请根据提示完成填写下面表格 原 词 词性/中文 英 文 词性/中文 英 文 1. develop (v.) (n. ) 发展 (a.)发达的 (a.)不发达的 2. industry (n.) (a.)工业的 (v、)工业化 (n.)产业;行业 3. progress (n. ) (v. ) 进步 (a. )进步的 4.communicate (v.) (n. ) 交流 (a.)可交流的 (a. )交流的 5. transport (v.) (n. ) 交通 (a.)运输的 6. educate (v. ) (n.) 教育 (n.)教育学家 (a. )教育的 7. technology (n. ) (a. )技术的 (v.)技术化 8. convenient (a.) (n.) 方便 (a.)不方便的 (n.)不方便 9. improve (v.) (n. ) 改善 (a.)改进的 10. record (v.) (n. ) 录音 (a.)记录的 11. work (v.) (n. ) 工人 (a.)工作的 12. use (v.) (n.) 用处 (a. )使用的 名师点拨 让步状语从句用于表示即使某种情况存在，也不会影响主句的结果。它通常由 although，though, even though, while, whereas 等引导。 1. although / though / even though:尽管;虽然 这三个词都可以引导让步状语从句，though 语气最弱，even though 语气最强，表示“尽管……”，从句表达的内容是事实，而主句与其相对立。 例如: Although the town was small, it developed rapidly in recent years. 尽管这个小镇很小，它近年来发展迅速。 Even though life was harder in the past, people still found ways to enjoy themselves. 即使过去的生活更艰难，人们仍然找到了享受生活的方法。 2. while/ whereas:然而，但是 while 和 whereas 表示对比或相反的情况。 whereas 语气更正式，多用于书面语。例如： While old buildings were made of wood, modern skyscrapers are built with steel and glass. 虽然旧建筑是木质的，但现代大楼由钢和玻璃建成。 Some people prefer to live in the countryside, whereas others enjoy the convenience of city life. 有些人喜欢住在乡村，而另一些人则喜欢城市生活的便利。 3. no matter what = whatever 无论什么; no matter who = whoever 无论谁; no matter how =however 无论怎样 这些词引导的让步状语从句表示不管什么情况发生，主句的结果都不会改变。 例如: No matter how difficult the journey was, they never gave up. 无论旅程多么艰难，他们从未放弃。 Whatever happens in the future, technology will continue to improve our life. 无论未来发生什么，科技都会继续改善我们的生活。 Whoever you are, you should respect cultural traditions. 无论你是谁，都应该尊重文化传统。 IV. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案) ( ) 1. he was tired, he kept working late into the night. A. Although B. Because C. If D. Since ( ) 2. she studied very hard, she still failed the exam. A. Because B. Even though C. Unless D. Until ( ) 3. they had little money, they decided to travel around the world. A. As B. Since C. Though D. Because ( ) 4. He acted as if nothing had happened, he was very upset inside. A. unless B. even though C. Since D. so ( ) 5. he had been warned about the storm, he still went out sailing. A. While B. Because C. After D. Though ( )6. The weather was freezing, but she went for a walk the cold wind. A. because of B. despite C. since D. due to ( )7. you try your best, you may not succeed. A. No matter how B. Because C. Unless D. While ( )8. He decided to continue his project, the lack of funding. A. however B. whereas C. despite D. since ( )9. hard he tried, he couldn't fix the broken machine. A. Although B. No matter how C. Unless D. Because ( )10. She kept singing I asked her to be quiet. A. even though B. because C. if D. after V. Rewrite the following sentences as required (按要求改写句子) 1. In the past, people used to write letters by hand, but now people send emails.(改为简单句)In the past, people used to write letters by hand, send emails. 2. The invention of the Internet has changed the way we communicate.(改为一般疑问句) the invention of the Internet the way we communicate? 3. past the in difficult was Life but now easier much is it (连词成句) 4. future the in cars Flying become reality a will (连词成句) 5. Although modern technology has made life easier, some people still miss the past.(保持句意基本不变) Modern technology has made life easier, some people miss the past. 专项提高 I. Complete the following sentences (用适当的单词完成下列句子) 1. Modern t has made it possible to create digital copies of ancient books. 2. Children from wealthy families received education and were e to learn music and foreign languages. 3. Although living conditions in cities were u , many people still moved there for work. 4. The air in the 19th- century cities was often f and polluted. II. Fill in the blanks with proper forms of the words given (用所给词的适当形式填空) Life in the 19th century was very different from today. At that time, people relied on 1. (basic) tools and methods to complete their daily tasks. For example, they used horses for transportation and wrote letters by hand to 2. (communication) with others. The 3. (grow) of cities during the 19th century brought both opportunities and challenges. While more jobs were available, living conditions were often 4. (comfort), with many families sharing small spaces and lacking access to clean water. Children from wealthy families had the chance to receive a good 5. (educate),but those from poor families often had to work long hours in factories or mines. This6. (differ) in opportunities created a significant gap between social classes. Today, technology has transformed many aspects of life. For example, modern7. (transport) systems, such as high-speed trains and airplanes, have made travel faster and more efficient. However, the increased use of technology has also led to concerns about8. (private) and security. Looking to the future, experts believe that 9. (create) solutions, such as renewable energy and smart cities, will help address some of the challenges we face today. However, these advancements also require careful consideration of their 10. (environment)impact. III. Read the following passages and finish the exercises (阅读短文，完成练习) A In the early 20th century, the world's transportation system relied heavily on steam-powered trains and horse-drawn carriages. These modes of transportation were slow and required significant amounts of coal or hay to operate. However, the invention of the internal combustion engine in the late 19th century revolutionized the way people travelled. By the mid-20th century, cars and airplanes had become the primary means of transportation, making travel faster and more efficient. Today, the transportation industry is undergoing another major transformation. The rise of electric vehicles(EVs) and the development of high-speed trains are changing how we move from place to place. Electric cars, powered by batteries instead of gasoline, are becoming increasingly popular due to their environmental benefits. Similarly, high-speed trains, such as those in Japan and Europe, can travel at speeds of over 300 kilometres per hour, making them a competitive alternative to air travel for short to medium distances. Despite these advancements, challenges remain. The production of electric vehicles requires rare materials, such as lithium and cobalt, which can have negative environmental impacts. Additionally, the infrastructure needed to support widespread EV adoption, such as charging stations, is still lacking in many parts of the world. Looking to the future, experts predict that autonomous vehicles (self-driving cars) will become a reality within the next decade. These vehicles could further transform the transportation industry by reducing traffic accidents and improving efficiency. However, concerns about safety and job displacement in the trucking and taxi industries remain. The evolution of transportation over the past century has been remarkable. From steam-powered trains to electric and autonomous vehicles, the way we travel has changed dramatically. As technology continues to advance, it is clear that the transportation systems of the future will be very different from those of the past. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案) ( )1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The invention of the internal combustion engine revolutionized transportation. B. Electric vehicles are becoming more popular due to their environmental benefits. C. Transportation has evolved significantly over time, from horse carriages to electric vehicles. D. Autonomous vehicles will completely replace traditional cars in the future. ( )2. What was the impact of the internal combustion engine on transportation? A. It made transportation slower and less efficient. B. It allowed people to travel faster and more efficiently. C. It replaced steam-powered trains entirely. D. It had no significant impact on transportation. ( )3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge for electric vehicles? A. The need for charging stations. B. The use of rare materials like lithium and cobalt. C. The high cost of production. D. The environmental impact of production. ( )4. What is the closest antonym (反义词) for the underlined word “competitive” in the second paragraph? A. Inefficient. B. Expensive. C. Popular. D. Convenient. ( )5. Which of the following would be most important to include in a summary of the article? A. The invention of the internal combustion engine made travel faster. B. Electric vehicles are becoming more popular but face challenges. C. Autonomous vehicles will completely replace traditional cars. D. High-speed trains are the fastest mode of transportation. B Fill in the blanks with proper words. The first letters are given (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空限填一词，首字母已给) Technology has transformed the way we live, work and communicate. In the past, people relied on 1. t methods of communication, such as handwritten letters and landline phones. Today, we use smartphones and social media to stay connected, making communication faster and more efficient. One of the most significant changes is in the way we shop. In the past, people had to visit physical stores to buy goods. Now, with the rise of e-commerce, we can shop online and have products 2. d to our doors in just a few days. This has made shopping more convenient but has also led to the decline of many local businesses. Education has also been greatly impacted by technology. In the past, students relied on textbooks and classroom lectures. Today, they have access to online courses and educational apps, making learning more flexible and interactive. However, some worry that this shift may reduce face-to-face3. 1 between teachers and students. Despite these advancements, there are challenges. The increased use of technology has led to concerns about privacy and 4. s . Additionally, the rapid pace of technological change can make it difficult for people to keep up, creating a digital 5. d between generations. Looking to the future, experts predict that technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality VR will continue to shape our life. While these innovations offer many benefits, they also raise important questions about ethics and the responsible use of technology. As we move forward, it is crucial to find a balance between embracing new technologies and preserving the6. h connections that make us human. 1. t 2. d 3. i 4. s 5. d 6. h 拓展阅读 Vertical Farming: The Future of Agriculture? Vertical farming is a method of growing crops in stacked layers, often in controlled environments like skyscrapers or warehouses. This approach allows farmers to grow food in urban areas,1. . By using less land and water, vertical farming can help address some of the challenges of traditional agriculture, such as soil degradation and water scarcity. One of the main advantages of vertical farming is its ability to produce food year-round,2. . This is especially important in regions with harsh climates where traditional farming is difficult. Additionally, vertical farms can reduce the need for pesticides, 3. . However, vertical farming also faces challenges. The initial cost of setting up a vertical farm is high, 4. . Energy consumption is another concern, as vertical farms rely heavily on artificial lighting and climate control systems. Despite these challenges, many believe that vertical farming could play a key role in the future of agriculture, 5. . As technology continues to improve, the costs of vertical farming may decrease, making it more accessible to farmers around the world. Fill in the blanks with the proper sentences (用适当的句子填空) A. making the food safer to eat B. especially in densely populated cities C. which can be a barrier for many farmers D. regardless of the season E. where space is limited 复习巩固 I. 1. transport goods from faraway places 2. use wood to keep warm 3. travel by land or sea 4. work long hours in factories and mines 5. live in crowded cities 6. rarely receive education 7. changed dramatically 8. make digital copies of ancient books 9. bring ancient objects to life 10. despite harsh conditions 11. long journeys 12. write letters instead of sending emails 13. rural lifestyle 14. live near a heavily polluted river 15. sell old items at a car boot sale Ⅱ. 1. Transport used to be very slow and difficult in the past. 2. People rarely travel by air, but make long journeys by land or sea. 3. In the 19th century, children from poor families often became child workers in factories and mines. 4. Although the pocket watch is very old, it still works well. 5. Modern technology has brought ancient books back to life through digital copies. Ⅲ. 原 词 词性/中文 英 文 词性/中文 英 文 1. develop (v.) (n. ) 发展 development (a. )发达的 developed (a.)不发达的 undeveloped 2. industry (n.) (a.)工业的 industrial (v. )工业化 industrialize (n.)产业;行业 industry 3. progress (n.) (v.) 进步 progress (a.)进步的 progressive 4.communicate (v. ) (n.)交流 communication (a.)可交流的 communicable (a. )交流的 communicative 5. transport (v.) (n. ) 交通 transportation (a.)运输的 transportive 6. educate (v. ) (n.) 教育 education (n.)教育学家 educator (a. )教育的 educational 7. technology (n.) (a. )技术的 technological (v.)技术化 technologize 8. convenient (a. ) (n.)方便 convenience (a.)不方便的 inconvenient (n. )不方便 inconvenience 9. improve (v.) (n. ) 改善 improvement (a.)改进的 improved 10. record (v. ) (n. ) 录音 recording (a.)记录的 recorded 11. work (v.) (n.)工人 worker (a.)工作的 working 12. use (v.) (n.) 用处 usage (a.)使用的 usable IV. 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. A 【重点详解】 1. although 表示“虽然；尽管”，符合句意“尽管他累了，他仍然工作到深夜”。 2. even though 语气比 although 更加强调“尽管如此”,表示她学习很努力,但仍然考试失败。 3. though = although,表示“虽然他们没多少钱,但他们仍然决定去环游世界”。 4. even though 说明他虽然内心很难过，但仍装作若无其事。 5. though可用于表达“尽管”，说明他已经收到暴风警告，但仍然出海。 6. despite 后接名词或动名词，表示“尽管风很寒冷，她仍然去散步”。 7. no matter how 结构表示“无论你多努力,你可能仍然不会成功”。 8. despite = in spite of,后接名词,表示“尽管资金不足,他仍然决定继续项目”。 9. no matter how 表示“无论他多努力”，强调尽管他努力修理，但仍然失败了。 10. even though 强调“尽管我让她安静,她仍然继续唱歌”。 V. 1. but now 2. Has, changed 3. Life was difficult in the past, but now it is much easier. 4. Flying cars will become a reality in the future. 5. but still 专项提高 I. 1. technology 2. encouraged 3. unpleasant 4. foggy II. 1.basic 2.communicate 3.growth 4.uncomfortable 5.education 6.difference7. transportation 8. privacy 9. creative 10. environmental Ⅲ. A. 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B B. 1. traditional 2. delivered 3. interaction 4. security 5. divide 6. human 拓展阅读 1. E 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $