Unit 6 Survival（知识清单）英语外研版2019选择性必修第二册

Unit 6 Survival 一、词汇清单 单词 1. _________________n. 罪，罪行 2. _________________adj. 海滨的 3. _________________n. 郊区，城郊 4. _________________adj. 贪婪的，贪心的 5. _________________n. 小偷，贼 6. _________________v. 犯（错误或罪行） 7. _________________adj. 城镇的，城市的 8. _________________ n. 掠食动物，捕食性动物 9. _________________ n. 容器 10. _________________ n. 垃圾 11. _________________ v. 估计，估算 12. _________________ adj. 迁徙的 13. _________________ v. 欣赏；赏识 14. _________________ adj. 至关重要的，关键性的 15. _________________ v. 限制，控制 16. _________________ n. 徒步旅行者，远足者 17. _________________ n. 成套工具 18. _________________ adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的 19. _________________ n. 黏土 20. _________________ n. 洞穴 21. _________________ n. 燃料 22. _________________ n. （精力、油、电等的）消耗量 23. _________________ v. 补充，增补，增加 24. _________________ v. 消除，根除 25. _________________ n. 烈火，大火 26. _________________ adj. 恶劣的，极端的 27. _________________ v. （作出）反应 28. _________________ adj. 每月一次的 29. _________________ adj. 高级的；先进的 30. _________________ v. 擦，拭，揩 31. _________________ adj. 核武器的 32. _________________ adj. 极其可怕的，骇人听闻的 33. _________________ adj. （生长环境）恶劣的 34. _________________ adj. 无人驾驶（操纵）的 35. _________________ n. 航天器，宇宙飞船 36. _________________ v. 环绕……运行 37. _________________ adj. 极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的 38. _________________ n. 机构；（尤指政府内的）局，部，处 39. _________________ v. 组成 40. _________________ v. 推断，推定 41. _________________ v. 使暴露（于险境） 42. _________________ n. 宇航员，太空人 43. _________________ n. 沙土，尘土 44. _________________ n. （航天器的）密封舱，太空舱 45. _________________ n. 暴露 46. _________________ n. 树干 短语 1．_________________适应；与……一致 2．_________________ 提供；供使用 3．_________________ 确实，确定无疑 4．_________________ 应付(某种情况) 5．_________________ 使……处于控制之下 6．_________________ 摆脱，除去 7．_________________ 彻底摧毁，消灭 8．_________________ 由……组成，由……构成 9．_________________ 在此期间，与此同时 10．_________________ 分开 11．_________________ 面临 12．_________________ 暴露于…… 熟词生义 1.spot 常见义：n. 地点；斑点 生义：v. _________________ 2.run 常见义：v. 跑步 生义：v. _________________ 3.powerless 常见义：adj. 无权力的 生义：adj. _________________ 4.push 常见义：v. 推 生义：v. _________________ 5.crash 常见义：v. 撞击（车祸） 生义：v. _________________ 6.impact 常见义：n. 影响 生义：n. _________________ 7.hostile 常见义：adj. 敌意的 生义：adj. _________________ 8.settler 常见义：n. 殖民者 生义：n. _________________ 9.closed 常见义：adj. 关闭的 生义：adj. _________________ 句型 1. with复合结构 Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn't hesitate. 贪婪的小偷看到汽车车窗开着，毫不犹豫地行动了。 2. that引导同位语从句 There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins... 有证据表明，城市里的浣熊比它们的野生近亲更聪明…… 3. “only＋状语(从句)”置于句首引起的部分倒装 Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats. 只有这样，我们才能和谐地共享我们的城市栖息地。 语法 no matter,-ever 二、知识点精讲 知识点1 estimate v．估计，估算　n．(对数量、成本等)估计；估价 【教材原句】　Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone. 近期研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而亡。(教材P63) 【拓展】 estimate sth at 估算 be estimated to be/have/cost 估计是/有/花费 estimate that 估计…… It is estimated that... 据估计…… 【写作佳句】It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. 据估计，到2050年全球电力需求可能会增长一倍以上。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①They estimate the cost of the trip _________________ $3,000. ②The tree is estimated _________________ (be) at least 700 years old. ③People estimate _________________ 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. 句式升级 ④____________________________________________________________________ [用主语从句升级句(3)] 知识点2 appreciate v．欣赏，赏识；感激，感谢 【教材原句】　However they adapt to our ways of urban living，it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居是非常重要的。(教材P63) 【拓展】 (1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.­ing 重视/感激…… I would appreciate it if... 假如……，我将不胜感激。 appreciate＋that/wh­从句理解/意识到…… (2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 convey/express one's appreciation 表达感激 【写作佳句】We’d appreciate it if you could slow down a bit and schedule some time to address common pronunciation issues. 我们非常希望您能适当放慢语速，并安排一些时间来解决常见的发音问题。 [名师提醒]　 appreciate后不接不定式；其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语；且其后不直接跟从句，需先接it，再接从句，类似用法的动词还有：like，enjoy，hate，love，take，have等。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①I would appreciate _________________ if you could come and guide us. ②Here I sincerely express my _________________ (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase. ③I really appreciate _________________ (work) with someone who fully appreciates the significance of hard work. [写作翻译] ④(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)当Bernard接过装满爆米花的篮子时，感激的泪水涌上了他的眼睛。 _______________________________________________________________ _____________________ 知识点3 react v．(作出)反应；起(化学)反应；回应 【教材原句】　How do people and organisations react to these crises? 面对这些危机，个人和组织会如何应对？ (教材P67) 【拓展】 (1)react with... 与……起反应 react to 对……作出反应 react against 反对；反抗；反叛 (2)reaction n. 反应事 【写作佳句】Thirdly, stay at site for half an hour after getting the injection, for fear that there’s severe reaction. 三、接种后需在现场留观30分钟，以防发生严重不良反应。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①Which of the metals in the table reacts the most _________________ oxygen and water? ②They were not sure how the Americans would react _________________ the new type of music. ③People who are hard on themselves have a huge negative _________________ (react) every time they make a mistake. ④Children tend to react _________________ their parents by going against their wishes. [链接写作] 补全句子 ⑤Parents are sometimes __________________________________ they offer too much praise to their children. 父母有时对每一个孩子的反应都很敏感，所以他们会给孩子们过多的赞扬。 知识点4 get rid of摆脱，除去，甩掉；扔掉，丢弃；改掉 【教材原句】　Plus, it also includes a free poster illustrating new plans to get rid of the Ebola virus once and for all. 此外，该套装还附赠一张免费海报，详细图解了彻底消灭埃博拉病毒的最新方案。(教材P67) 【拓展】 rid...of... 使……免除……；使……摆脱…… rid oneself of... 使某人自己摆脱…… be rid of... 摆脱…… 【写作佳句】What’s more, in order to help you get rid of addictive games easily, it’s an effective way to take more exercise, such as running, playing basketball and so on. 此外，想要轻松戒除游戏成瘾，加强体育锻炼不失为一个有效方法，比如跑步、打篮球等都是不错的选择。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid _________________ it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. ②Why couldn't he ever rid _________________ (he) of those thoughts, those worries? 补全句子 ③Second, go outdoors and play team games with your friends, which is an effective way ______________________. 其次，和朋友一起去户外做一些团队游戏，是一个使你摆脱愤怒的有效方法。 知识点5 consist v．由……组成 【教材原句】　 It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together. 它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以生活在一起。(教材P56) 【拓展】 (1)consist mainly/largely of... 主要由……组成 (2)consist in＝lie in 在于；取决于 (3)consist of＝be made up of＝be composed of 由……组成 (4)consistent adj. 一致的 be consistent with... 和……一致/与……相符 【写作佳句】As you can see, consisting of four Chinese characters, the graphic stays as a whole. 如图所示，该图形由四个汉字构成，但仍保持完整的整体性。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①The International Olympic Committee consists _________________ members from many countries. ②At present, the results are consistent _________________ earlier research. [链接写作]一句多译 (2019·全国Ⅲ卷)这个音乐节由两部分组成，将使我们更加了解中国民间音乐。 ③The music festival, __________________________________, will enable us to know more about Chinese folk music.(定语从句) ④The music festival, __________________________________, will enable us to know more about Chinese folk music.(分词作定语) 知识点6 expose v．使暴露(于险境)；揭露，使曝光；使接触，使体验 【教材原句】　For example, from the sentence “While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation”, we can infer that the Moon is less exposed to dangerous radiation than Mars. 例如，从"抵达月球仅需数日，而前往火星却需耗时数月，且需穿越危险的太阳辐射"这句话中，我们可以推断出月球所接触的有害辐射少于火星。 (教材P70) 【拓展】 (1)expose...to... 使……接触……；使……暴露于…… expose oneself to... 使自己面临……；使自己暴露于…… expose sth to sb 向某人揭发某事 (2)(be) exposed to... 暴露于/接触…… (3)exposure n. 暴露；受冻 【写作佳句】First of all, we should take regular breaks from our study and go outside to give our eyes a chance to be exposed to sunlight. 首先，我们应当定时中断学习，到户外活动，让眼睛有机会接触阳光。 【经典练】单句语法填空/补全句子 ①The research shows that the more birds _________________ to light, the more active they are at night.But too much _________________ may lead to them dying.(expose) ②We want to expose the kids _________________ as much art and culture as possible. ③__________________________________ (接触广告) constantly can help to change our opinions over time. [链接写作]句式升级 ④If children are exposed to the outside world, they will be better equipped for the future. →____________________________________________________________________ (状语从句的省略) 三、句式清单 句式1 that引导同位语从句 【教材原句】　There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild. 有证据显示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聪明，因为它们时常要想办法解决难题，比如怎么打开垃圾桶以及其他它们在野外不会见到的容器。(教材P62) 句式分析：　该句为复合句，主句采用“There be”存在句型及that引导同位语从句（evidence that...）解释证据内容。 【拓展】 (1)that引导的同位语从句，常作news, fact, hope, idea, suggestion, promise, truth等名词的同位语。 (2)that引导同位语从句和定语从句时的区别在于：引导定语从句时，that为关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语，有意义；而引导同位语从句时，that在从句中只起引导词的作用，不作成分，没有意义。 【经典练】补全句子 ①The idea _________________ computers can recognise human voices surprises many people. ②He made a promise to his son _________________ he would buy a bike for him. ③She has expressed her hope _________________ the foreign students will spread the good will and sincerity of the Chinese people to other parts of the world. 补全句子 ④The fact has worried many scientists ___________________________________________________. 这些年来地球逐渐变暖的事实，使科学家们非常担心。 四、语法清单 “疑问词＋­ever”引导的状语从句 【感知·语法规律】 1．Whatever difficulty we meet with, we must finish the task on time, since the opportunity is so valuable. 2．Mother suggests that I should collect the old clothes and give them to whoever needs them. 3．No matter when you pick something up, you should turn it to the owner at once. 4．There is no person in the world who can do whatever to please him. 【精讲·语法知识】 “疑问词＋­ever”，其含义为“不管……都……”，引导让步状语从句，可以分为两类。 1．疑问代词＋­ever You can turn to the people’s police for help, whatever kind of trouble you are in. 无论遇到什么困难，你都可以求助于人民警察。 Whichever country you travel to, you should obey the law of the land. 不论你到哪个国家去旅行，你都应该遵守这个国家的法律。 Don’t lose heart whatever difficulties you meet. 不管遇到什么困难都不要灰心。 [名师提醒]　 疑问代词＋­ever，如whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。 2．疑问副词＋­ever Wherever you go, keep in touch with me, please. 无论你去哪里，请与我保持联络。 Whenever you come, you will be warmly welcomed. 无论什么时候来，你都会受到热烈欢迎。 [名师提醒]　 “疑问副词＋­ever”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。 “no matter＋疑问词”引导的状语从句 no matter可以与when, how, what, who等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句。它们也可被替换为whenever, however, whatever, whoever等。 No matter who(＝Whoever) asks her for advice, she is always ready to help. 无论谁向她征求建议，她总会帮忙。 No matter what (＝Whatever) happens，I'll stand by you. 不管发生什么事，我都会支持你。 No matter what(＝Whatever) you say, I won't believe you. 无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。 [名师提醒]　 引导让步状语从句时，“no matter＋疑问词”和“疑问词＋­ever”可以互换。但引导名词性从句时，只能用“疑问词＋­ever”。 【经典练】　补全句子 ①无论你读什么书，都要与你的学业有关。 ____________________________________, they should have something to do with your school work. ②虽然我很喜欢这份工作，但工资并不高。 ____________________________________, the salary is not high. ③无论发生什么，他都不会在意。 ____________________________________, he would not mind. ④无论天气多冷，他都坚持去游泳。 ____________________________________, he always goes swimming. 用“疑问词＋­ever”填空 ①__________ far away we are, we feel close to each other. ②__________ you finish your story, you will feel a sense of success. ③I'll give the ticket to __________ wants it. ④__________ problem you have, turn to me. 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元的写作话题是“Writing a survival story”，是描写有关生存故事，属于故事类记叙文。 该类作文以叙述事件为主，要通过完整的故事情节和生动形象的语言，使读者在享受故事情节的同时有所感悟。写作时要注意把记叙文的六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果交代清楚。文章的末尾可以发表自己的感悟、感想。具体写作步骤归纳如下： 【积累·写作素材】 1. 常用短语 1．at the end of the street 在街的尽头 6．look back on the past 回首往事 2．at the foot of the mountain 在山脚下 7．to one’s surprise 令人惊讶的是 3．set off for a place 动身去一个地方 8．remind me of the event 让我想起那件事 4．an unforgettable experience 一次难忘的经历 9．be deeply impressed/moved/touched by …被……深深打动/感动 5．at that moment 在那时，当时 10．learn a lot from… 从……中学到很多东西 2. 常用语句 (1) I did have an unforgettable experience when I was a child. 当我还是孩子的时候，确实有一次难忘的经历。 (2) The story reminded me of my own experience in an earthquake. 这个故事让我想起了自己在一次地震中的经历。 (3) When I came to myself, I found I was lying in bed in hospital.当我苏醒的时候，我发现我躺在医院的床上。(4) When I just went to the middle of the street, a car suddenly appeared and came directly toward me.当我到了路中间的时候，一辆小汽车突然出现，直接冲我开过来。 (5) We learned something that couldn’t be learned in class from the experience.我们从这次经历中学到了课堂上学不到的东西。 【示例·分步写作】 假设你是李华，校报正在进行以“An Unforgettable Day in My Summer Vacation”为题的英语征文活动，请根据以下信息给校报写一篇文章。 1．假期是在乡下的姑姑家度过的； 2．有一天，在村外的河边钓鱼，听到有人呼救，毫不犹豫地下河救人，小男孩得救； 3．你对此事的认识。 注意：1. 词数80 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 This summer I spent a three-week vacation at my aunt's house. That’s all. Thank you. 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 记叙文（生存故事） 时态 根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时。 框架 第一部分：介绍故事背景 第二部分：介绍故事经过 第三部分：感悟 第二步：要点翻译 1. 我的独居姨妈住在山村里那时。(live) My aunt _________________ alone in a mountain village then. 2. 一条小河蜿蜒流过村庄。(wind) A small river _________________ its way through the village. 3. 一天清晨，我去河边垂钓，看见两名妇人正在浣衣。(fish) One morning I _________________ in the river, and two women were washing clothes there. 4. 我寻得一处绝佳钓点，抛下鱼线后便焦灼等待着鱼儿咬钩。(cast out) I found a most favorable point. _________________ my line, I waited anxiously for a bite. 5. 突然传来呼救声："救命啊！"我循声望去，只见一个男童正在河中挣扎。(look in the direction of) Suddenly there came a cry: “Help! Help!” I _________________ the call and saw a boy falling into the river. 6. 我扔下钓竿箭步冲去，纵身跃入湍流，奋力游向落水者，最终与孩子母亲合力将他背往村卫生所。(dash over; carry sb. on one’s back) Throwing the fishing pole, I _________________like an arrow, _________________the river and _________________ very quickly towards the boy. Then together with his mother I _________________ the boy _________________ to a nearby hospital. 7. 孩子得救了，那位母亲千恩万谢。(save) That boy _________________. The mother gave me a thousand thanks. 8. 这是意义非凡又难忘的一天！ It was a meaningful and unforgettable day. 第三步：词句升级 1. 用with复合结构合并句子1和2 My aunt lived alone in a mountain village, __________________________________________________. 2. 用定语从句改写句3 _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 把句子5升级为感叹句 _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 第四步：连句成篇 This summer I spent a three-week vacation at my aunt's house. My aunt lived alone in a mountain village then, with a small river winding its way through the village. One morning I went fishing in the river, where two women were washing clothes. I found a most favorable point. Casting out my line, I waited anxiously for a bite. Suddenly there came a cry: “Help! Help!” I looked in the direction of the call and saw a boy falling into the river. Throwing the fishing pole, I dashed over like an arrow, jumped into the river and swam very quickly towards the boy. Then together with his mother I carried the boy on my back to a nearby hospital. That boy was saved. The mother gave me a thousand thanks. What a meaningful and unforgettable day it was! 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Survival 一、词汇清单 单词 1. crime n. 罪，罪行 2. seaside adj. 海滨的 3. suburb n. 郊区，城郊 4. greedy adj. 贪婪的，贪心的 5. thief n. 小偷，贼 6. commit v. 犯（错误或罪行） 7. urban adj. 城镇的，城市的 8. predator n. 掠食动物，捕食性动物 9. container n. 容器 10. garbage n. 垃圾 11. estimate v. 估计，估算 12. migratory adj. 迁徙的 13. appreciate v. 欣赏；赏识 14. crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的 15. restrict v. 限制，控制 16. hiker n. 徒步旅行者，远足者 17. kit n. 成套工具 18. optimistic adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的 19. clay n. 黏土 20. cave n. 洞穴 21. fuel n. 燃料 22. consumption n. （精力、油、电等的）消耗量 23. supplement v. 补充，增补，增加 24. eliminate v. 消除，根除 25. blaze n. 烈火，大火 26. fierce adj. 恶劣的，极端的 27. react v. （作出）反应 28. monthly adj. 每月一次的 29. advanced adj. 高级的；先进的 30. wipe v. 擦，拭，揩 31. nuclear adj. 核武器的 32. terrifying adj. 极其可怕的，骇人听闻的 33. hostile adj. （生长环境）恶劣的 34. unmanned adj. 无人驾驶（操纵）的 35. spacecraft n. 航天器，宇宙飞船 36. orbit v. 环绕……运行 37. stunning adj. 极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的 38. agency n. 机构；（尤指政府内的）局，部，处 39. consist v. 组成 40. infer v. 推断，推定 41. expose v. 使暴露（于险境） 42. astronaut n. 宇航员，太空人 43. dust n. 沙土，尘土 44. capsule n. （航天器的）密封舱，太空舱 45. exposure n. 暴露 46. trunk n. 树干 短语 1．fit in with 适应；与……一致 2．on offer 提供；供使用 3．for sure 确实，确定无疑 4．cope with 应付(某种情况) 5．bring...under control 使……处于控制之下 6．get rid of 摆脱，除去 7．wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭 8．consist of 由……组成，由……构成 9．in the meantime 在此期间，与此同时 10．split up 分开 11．(be) faced with 面临 12．be exposed to 暴露于…… 熟词生义 1.spot 常见义：n. 地点；斑点 生义：v. 发现，注意到 2.run 常见义：v. 跑步 生义：v. 迅速移动/逃离 3.powerless 常见义：adj. 无权力的 生义：adj. 无能为力的 4.push 常见义：v. 推 生义：v. 逼迫，迫使 5.crash 常见义：v. 撞击（车祸） 生义：v. 猛撞 6.impact 常见义：n. 影响 生义：n. 撞击 7.hostile 常见义：adj. 敌意的 生义：adj. 恶劣的（环境） 8.settler 常见义：n. 殖民者 生义：n. 首批移民 9.closed 常见义：adj. 关闭的 生义：adj. 封闭自循环的 句型 1. with复合结构 Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn't hesitate. 贪婪的小偷看到汽车车窗开着，毫不犹豫地行动了。 2. that引导同位语从句 There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins... 有证据表明，城市里的浣熊比它们的野生近亲更聪明…… 3. “only＋状语(从句)”置于句首引起的部分倒装 Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats. 只有这样，我们才能和谐地共享我们的城市栖息地。 语法 no matter,-ever 二、知识点精讲 知识点1 estimate v．估计，估算　n．(对数量、成本等)估计；估价 【教材原句】　Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone. 近期研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而亡。(教材P63) 【拓展】 estimate sth at 估算 be estimated to be/have/cost 估计是/有/花费 estimate that 估计…… It is estimated that... 据估计…… 【写作佳句】It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. 据估计，到2050年全球电力需求可能会增长一倍以上。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①They estimate the cost of the trip at $3,000. ②The tree is estimated to be(be) at least 700 years old. ③People estimate that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. 句式升级 ④It is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk.[用主语从句升级句(3)] 知识点2 appreciate v．欣赏，赏识；感激，感谢 【教材原句】　However they adapt to our ways of urban living，it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居是非常重要的。(教材P63) 【拓展】 (1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.­ing 重视/感激…… I would appreciate it if... 假如……，我将不胜感激。 appreciate＋that/wh­从句理解/意识到…… (2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 convey/express one's appreciation 表达感激 【写作佳句】We’d appreciate it if you could slow down a bit and schedule some time to address common pronunciation issues. 我们非常希望您能适当放慢语速，并安排一些时间来解决常见的发音问题。 [名师提醒]　 appreciate后不接不定式；其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语；且其后不直接跟从句，需先接it，再接从句，类似用法的动词还有：like，enjoy，hate，love，take，have等。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①I would appreciate it if you could come and guide us. ②Here I sincerely express my appreciation(appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase. ③I really appreciate working(work) with someone who fully appreciates the significance of hard work. [写作翻译] ④(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)当Bernard接过装满爆米花的篮子时，感激的泪水涌上了他的眼睛。 Tears of appreciation welled up in his eyes as Bernard accepted the basket filled with popcorn. 知识点3 react v．(作出)反应；起(化学)反应；回应 【教材原句】　How do people and organisations react to these crises? 面对这些危机，个人和组织会如何应对？ (教材P67) 【拓展】 (1)react with... 与……起反应 react to 对……作出反应 react against 反对；反抗；反叛 (2)reaction n. 反应事 【写作佳句】Thirdly, stay at site for half an hour after getting the injection, for fear that there’s severe reaction. 三、接种后需在现场留观30分钟，以防发生严重不良反应。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①Which of the metals in the table reacts the most with oxygen and water? ②They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. ③People who are hard on themselves have a huge negative reaction(react) every time they make a mistake. ④Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes. [链接写作] 补全句子 ⑤Parents are sometimes so sensitive to each child's reactions that they offer too much praise to their children. 父母有时对每一个孩子的反应都很敏感，所以他们会给孩子们过多的赞扬。 知识点4 get rid of摆脱，除去，甩掉；扔掉，丢弃；改掉 【教材原句】　Plus, it also includes a free poster illustrating new plans to get rid of the Ebola virus once and for all. 此外，该套装还附赠一张免费海报，详细图解了彻底消灭埃博拉病毒的最新方案。(教材P67) 【拓展】 rid...of... 使……免除……；使……摆脱…… rid oneself of... 使某人自己摆脱…… be rid of... 摆脱…… 【写作佳句】What’s more, in order to help you get rid of addictive games easily, it’s an effective way to take more exercise, such as running, playing basketball and so on. 此外，想要轻松戒除游戏成瘾，加强体育锻炼不失为一个有效方法，比如跑步、打篮球等都是不错的选择。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. ②Why couldn't he ever rid himself (he) of those thoughts, those worries? 补全句子 ③Second, go outdoors and play team games with your friends, which is an effective way to get rid of your anger. 其次，和朋友一起去户外做一些团队游戏，是一个使你摆脱愤怒的有效方法。 知识点5 consist v．由……组成 【教材原句】　 It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together. 它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以生活在一起。(教材P56) 【拓展】 (1)consist mainly/largely of... 主要由……组成 (2)consist in＝lie in 在于；取决于 (3)consist of＝be made up of＝be composed of 由……组成 (4)consistent adj. 一致的 be consistent with... 和……一致/与……相符 【写作佳句】As you can see, consisting of four Chinese characters, the graphic stays as a whole. 如图所示，该图形由四个汉字构成，但仍保持完整的整体性。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①The International Olympic Committee consists of members from many countries. ②At present, the results are consistent with earlier research. [链接写作]一句多译 (2019·全国Ⅲ卷)这个音乐节由两部分组成，将使我们更加了解中国民间音乐。 ③The music festival, which consists of/is made up of/is composed of two parts, will enable us to know more about Chinese folk music.(定语从句) ④The music festival, consisting of/made up of/composed of two parts, will enable us to know more about Chinese folk music.(分词作定语) 知识点6 expose v．使暴露(于险境)；揭露，使曝光；使接触，使体验 【教材原句】　For example, from the sentence “While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation”, we can infer that the Moon is less exposed to dangerous radiation than Mars. 例如，从"抵达月球仅需数日，而前往火星却需耗时数月，且需穿越危险的太阳辐射"这句话中，我们可以推断出月球所接触的有害辐射少于火星。 (教材P70) 【拓展】 (1)expose...to... 使……接触……；使……暴露于…… expose oneself to... 使自己面临……；使自己暴露于…… expose sth to sb 向某人揭发某事 (2)(be) exposed to... 暴露于/接触…… (3)exposure n. 暴露；受冻 【写作佳句】First of all, we should take regular breaks from our study and go outside to give our eyes a chance to be exposed to sunlight. 首先，我们应当定时中断学习，到户外活动，让眼睛有机会接触阳光。 【经典练】单句语法填空/补全句子 ①The research shows that the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.But too much exposure may lead to them dying.(expose) ②We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible. ③Being exposed to/Exposing ourselves to advertisements(接触广告) constantly can help to change our opinions over time. [链接写作]句式升级 ④If children are exposed to the outside world, they will be better equipped for the future. →If exposed to the outside world, children will be better equipped for the future.(状语从句的省略) 三、句式清单 句式1 that引导同位语从句 【教材原句】　There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild. 有证据显示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聪明，因为它们时常要想办法解决难题，比如怎么打开垃圾桶以及其他它们在野外不会见到的容器。(教材P62) 句式分析：　该句为复合句，主句采用“There be”存在句型及that引导同位语从句（evidence that...）解释证据内容。 【拓展】 (1)that引导的同位语从句，常作news, fact, hope, idea, suggestion, promise, truth等名词的同位语。 (2)that引导同位语从句和定语从句时的区别在于：引导定语从句时，that为关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语，有意义；而引导同位语从句时，that在从句中只起引导词的作用，不作成分，没有意义。 【经典练】补全句子 ①The idea that computers can recognise human voices surprises many people. ②He made a promise to his son that he would buy a bike for him. ③She has expressed her hope that the foreign students will spread the good will and sincerity of the Chinese people to other parts of the world. 补全句子 ④The fact has worried many scientists that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. 这些年来地球逐渐变暖的事实，使科学家们非常担心。 四、语法清单 “疑问词＋­ever”引导的状语从句 【感知·语法规律】 1．Whatever difficulty we meet with, we must finish the task on time, since the opportunity is so valuable. 2．Mother suggests that I should collect the old clothes and give them to whoever needs them. 3．No matter when you pick something up, you should turn it to the owner at once. 4．There is no person in the world who can do whatever to please him. 【精讲·语法知识】 “疑问词＋­ever”，其含义为“不管……都……”，引导让步状语从句，可以分为两类。 1．疑问代词＋­ever You can turn to the people’s police for help, whatever kind of trouble you are in. 无论遇到什么困难，你都可以求助于人民警察。 Whichever country you travel to, you should obey the law of the land. 不论你到哪个国家去旅行，你都应该遵守这个国家的法律。 Don’t lose heart whatever difficulties you meet. 不管遇到什么困难都不要灰心。 [名师提醒]　 疑问代词＋­ever，如whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。 2．疑问副词＋­ever Wherever you go, keep in touch with me, please. 无论你去哪里，请与我保持联络。 Whenever you come, you will be warmly welcomed. 无论什么时候来，你都会受到热烈欢迎。 [名师提醒]　 “疑问副词＋­ever”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。 “no matter＋疑问词”引导的状语从句 no matter可以与when, how, what, who等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句。它们也可被替换为whenever, however, whatever, whoever等。 No matter who(＝Whoever) asks her for advice, she is always ready to help. 无论谁向她征求建议，她总会帮忙。 No matter what (＝Whatever) happens，I'll stand by you. 不管发生什么事，我都会支持你。 No matter what(＝Whatever) you say, I won't believe you. 无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。 [名师提醒]　 引导让步状语从句时，“no matter＋疑问词”和“疑问词＋­ever”可以互换。但引导名词性从句时，只能用“疑问词＋­ever”。 【经典练】　补全句子 ①无论你读什么书，都要与你的学业有关。 ____________________________________, they should have something to do with your school work. ②虽然我很喜欢这份工作，但工资并不高。 ____________________________________, the salary is not high. ③无论发生什么，他都不会在意。 ____________________________________, he would not mind. ④无论天气多冷，他都坚持去游泳。 ____________________________________, he always goes swimming. Answers:①Whatever/No matter what books you read　 ②While/Though/Although I'm fond of the job ③Whatever happened　④No matter how cold it is 用“疑问词＋­ever”填空 ①__________ far away we are, we feel close to each other. ②__________ you finish your story, you will feel a sense of success. ③I'll give the ticket to __________ wants it. ④__________ problem you have, turn to me. Answers:①However　②Whenever　③whoever ④Whatever 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元的写作话题是“Writing a survival story”，是描写有关生存故事，属于故事类记叙文。 该类作文以叙述事件为主，要通过完整的故事情节和生动形象的语言，使读者在享受故事情节的同时有所感悟。写作时要注意把记叙文的六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果交代清楚。文章的末尾可以发表自己的感悟、感想。具体写作步骤归纳如下： 【积累·写作素材】 1. 常用短语 1．at the end of the street 在街的尽头 6．look back on the past 回首往事 2．at the foot of the mountain 在山脚下 7．to one’s surprise 令人惊讶的是 3．set off for a place 动身去一个地方 8．remind me of the event 让我想起那件事 4．an unforgettable experience 一次难忘的经历 9．be deeply impressed/moved/touched by …被……深深打动/感动 5．at that moment 在那时，当时 10．learn a lot from… 从……中学到很多东西 2. 常用语句 (1) I did have an unforgettable experience when I was a child. 当我还是孩子的时候，确实有一次难忘的经历。 (2) The story reminded me of my own experience in an earthquake. 这个故事让我想起了自己在一次地震中的经历。 (3) When I came to myself, I found I was lying in bed in hospital.当我苏醒的时候，我发现我躺在医院的床上。(4) When I just went to the middle of the street, a car suddenly appeared and came directly toward me.当我到了路中间的时候，一辆小汽车突然出现，直接冲我开过来。 (5) We learned something that couldn’t be learned in class from the experience.我们从这次经历中学到了课堂上学不到的东西。 【示例·分步写作】 假设你是李华，校报正在进行以“An Unforgettable Day in My Summer Vacation”为题的英语征文活动，请根据以下信息给校报写一篇文章。 1．假期是在乡下的姑姑家度过的； 2．有一天，在村外的河边钓鱼，听到有人呼救，毫不犹豫地下河救人，小男孩得救； 3．你对此事的认识。 注意：1. 词数80 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 This summer I spent a three-week vacation at my aunt's house. That’s all. Thank you. 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 记叙文（生存故事） 时态 根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时。 框架 第一部分：介绍故事背景 第二部分：介绍故事经过 第三部分：感悟 第二步：要点翻译 1. 我的独居姨妈住在山村里那时。(live) My aunt lived alone in a mountain village then. 2. 一条小河蜿蜒流过村庄。(wind) A small river winds its way through the village. 3. 一天清晨，我去河边垂钓，看见两名妇人正在浣衣。(fish) One morning I went fishing in the river, and two women were washing clothes there. 4. 我寻得一处绝佳钓点，抛下鱼线后便焦灼等待着鱼儿咬钩。(cast out) I found a most favorable point. Casting out my line, I waited anxiously for a bite. 5. 突然传来呼救声："救命啊！"我循声望去，只见一个男童正在河中挣扎。(look in the direction of) Suddenly there came a cry: “Help! Help!” I looked in the direction of the call and saw a boy falling into the river. 6. 我扔下钓竿箭步冲去，纵身跃入湍流，奋力游向落水者，最终与孩子母亲合力将他背往村卫生所。(dash over; carry sb. on one’s back) Throwing the fishing pole, I dashed over like an arrow, jumped into the river and swam very quickly towards the boy. Then together with his mother I carried the boy on my back to a nearby hospital. 7. 孩子得救了，那位母亲千恩万谢。(save) That boy was saved. The mother gave me a thousand thanks. 8. 这是意义非凡又难忘的一天！ It was a meaningful and unforgettable day. 第三步：词句升级 1. 用with复合结构合并句子1和2 My aunt lived alone in a mountain village, with a small river winding its way through the village. 2. 用定语从句改写句3 One morning I went fishing in the river, where two women were washing clothes. 3. 把句子5升级为感叹句 What a meaningful and unforgettable day it was! How meaningful and unforgettable the day was! 第四步：连句成篇 This summer I spent a three-week vacation at my aunt's house. My aunt lived alone in a mountain village then, with a small river winding its way through the village. One morning I went fishing in the river, where two women were washing clothes. I found a most favorable point. Casting out my line, I waited anxiously for a bite. Suddenly there came a cry: “Help! Help!” I looked in the direction of the call and saw a boy falling into the river. Throwing the fishing pole, I dashed over like an arrow, jumped into the river and swam very quickly towards the boy. Then together with his mother I carried the boy on my back to a nearby hospital. That boy was saved. The mother gave me a thousand thanks. What a meaningful and unforgettable day it was! 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $