Unit 6 Survival（话题阅读精练）英语外研版2019选择性必修第二册

Unit 6 Survival 话题阅读精练 主题词汇积累 一、宇宙探索与星际移民 Mars exploration（火星探索） unmanned spacecraft（无人飞船） Martian surface（火星表面） solar radiation（太阳辐射） manned missions（载人任务） renewable energy（可再生能源） biosphere experiment（生物圈实验） oxygen supply（氧气供应） closed ecosystem（封闭生态系统） planetary settlement（行星定居） 二、城市野生动物与生态适应 urban migration（城市迁徙） natural habitats（自然栖息地） urban adaptation（城市适应） wildlife corridors（野生动物走廊） predator-prey relationship（捕食者-被捕食者关系） behavioral plasticity（行为可塑性） artificial lighting（人工照明） window collisions（窗户撞击） food waste（食物浪费） human-wildlife conflict（人兽冲突） 三、环境保护与可持续发展 climate change mitigation（气候变化缓解） ecological footprint（生态足迹） habitat fragmentation（栖息地碎片化） biodiversity conservation（生物多样性保护） sustainable development（可持续发展） carbon emissions（碳排放） environmental degradation（环境退化） ecosystem services（生态系统服务） green infrastructure（绿色基础设施） wildlife protection laws（野生动物保护法） 四、科技与生态研究 space probes（太空探测器） environmental monitoring（环境监测） satellite imagery（卫星图像） population estimation（种群数量估算） migration patterns（迁徙模式） species tracking（物种追踪） ecological modeling（生态建模） genetic adaptation（基因适应） behavioral ecology（行为生态学） conservation technology（保护技术） 时文拓展阅读 Breakthrough Technique Could Reveal Alien Communications Between Planets Astronomers have developed a new technique to search for radio signals from planets beyond our solar system, particularly those aligned with both each other and Earth. These signals would be similar to those used for communication with rovers on Mars. Penn State astronomers, in collaboration with scientists at the SETI Institute, spent 28 hours using the Allen Telescope Array (ATA) to scan the TRAPPIST-1 star system for signs of alien technology. This effort represents the longest focused search for radio signals from TRAPPIST-1 to date. Although no evidence of extraterrestrial technology was found, the project introduced a new method for future searches. The research has been accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal. Enhancing Detection Technology for Extraterrestrial Signals “This research shows that we are getting closer to technology and methods that could detect radio signals similar to the ones we send into space,” said Nick Tusay, a graduate student research fellow at Penn State and first author of the paper. “Most searches assume a powerful signal, like a beacon intended to reach distant planets, because our receivers have a sensitivity limit to a minimum transmitter power beyond anything we unintentionally send out. But, with better equipment, like the upcoming Square Kilometer Array, we might soon be able to detect signals from an alien civilization communicating with its spacecraft.” The project focused on a phenomenon called planet-planet occultations (PPOs). PPOs happen when one planet moves in front of another from Earth’s perspective. If intelligent life exists in that star system, radio signals sent between planets could leak and be detected from Earth. Advancements in Signal Analysis at ATA Using the upgraded ATA — a series of radio antennae dedicated to the search for extraterrestrial technology located at the Hat Creek Observatory in the Cascade Mountains about 300 miles north of San Francisco — the team scanned a wide range of frequencies, looking for narrowband signals, which are considered possible signs of alien technology. The team filtered millions of potential signals, narrowing down to about 11,000 candidates for detailed analysis. The team detected 2,264 of these signals during predicted PPO windows. However, none of the signals were of non-human origin. The ATA’s new capabilities, which include advanced software to filter signals, helped the team separate possible alien signals from Earth-based ones. The researchers said they believe that refining these methods and focusing on events like PPOs could help increase the chances of detecting alien signals in the future. SETI Research and Student Involvement “This project included work by undergraduate students in the 2023 SETI Institute Research Experience for Undergraduates program,” said Sofia Sheikh, a SETI researcher at the SETI Institute who earned her doctoral degree at Penn State. “The students looked for signals from human-made orbiters around Mars to check if the system could detect signals correctly. It was an exciting way to involve students in cutting-edge SETI research.” The TRAPPIST-1 system is a small, cool star about 41 light years from Earth. It has seven rocky planets, some of which are in the habitable zone, where conditions might allow liquid water to exist — an essential ingredient for life as we know it. This makes TRAPPIST-1 a prime target searching for life beyond Earth. Future Directions in Astronomical Research “The TRAPPIST-1 system is relatively close to Earth, and we have detailed information about the orbit of its planets, making it an excellent natural laboratory to test these techniques,” Tusay said. “The methods and algorithms that we developed for this project can eventually be applied to other star systems and increase our chances of finding regular communications among planets beyond our solar system, if they exist.” The team did not find any alien signals this time, but they will continue improving their search techniques and exploring other star systems. Future searches with bigger and more powerful telescopes could help scientists detect even fainter signals and expand our understanding of the universe, the team said. 【译文欣赏】 突破性技术可能揭示行星之间的外星通信 天文学家已经开发出一种新技术，可以搜索来自太阳系以外行星的无线电信号，特别是那些相互对齐和与地球对齐的行星。这些信号将类似于用于与火星探测车通信的信号。宾夕法尼亚州立大学的天文学家与SETI研究所的科学家合作，花了28个小时使用艾伦望远镜阵列扫描TRAPPIST-1恒星系统，寻找外星技术的迹象。这是迄今为止对TRAPPIST-1无线电信号进行的最长时间的集中搜索。 尽管没有发现外星技术的证据，但该项目为未来的搜索引入了一种新方法。这项研究已被《天文学杂志》发表。 增强外星信号检测技术 宾夕法尼亚州立大学研究生研究员、该论文的第一作者尼克·图赛说：“这项研究表明，我们正越来越接近能够检测到类似于我们发送到太空的无线电信号的技术和方法。”“大多数搜索都假设有一个强大的信号，比如一个旨在到达遥远行星的信标，因为我们的接收器对我们无意中发出的任何信号的最小发射器功率都有灵敏度限制。但是，有了更好的设备，比如即将推出的平方公里阵列，我们可能很快就能检测到来自外星文明与其航天器通信的信号。” 该项目专注于一种称为行星掩星的现象。从地球的角度来看，当一颗行星在另一颗行星前方移动时，这种现象就会发生。如果该恒星系统中存在智能生命，行星之间发送的无线电信号可能会泄漏并被地球探测到。 ATA信号分析的进步 该团队使用升级后的ATA——系列专门用于搜索外星技术的无线电天线，位于旧金山以北约300英里的喀斯喀特山脉的哈特克里克天文台——扫描了广泛的频率，寻找窄带信号，这些信号被认为是外星技术的可能迹象。该团队过滤了数百万个潜在信号，筛选出约11000个候选信号进行详细分析。该团队在预测的PPO窗口期间检测到了2264个这些信号。然而，这些信号都不是非人类来源的。 ATA的新功能，包括过滤信号的高级软件，帮助该团队将可能的外星信号与地球信号分开。研究人员表示，他们相信，改进这些方法并专注于PPO等事件可能有助于增加未来检测到外星信号的机会。 SETI研究与学生参与 SETI研究所的SETI研究员Sofia Sheikh在宾夕法尼亚州立大学获得了博士学位，她说：“这个项目包括2023年SETI研究院本科生研究经验项目中本科生的工作。”“学生们寻找来自火星周围人造轨道器的信号，以检查该系统是否能够正确检测信号。这是让学生参与尖端SETI研究的一种令人兴奋的方式。” TRAPPIST-1系统是一颗距离地球约41光年的小型冷恒星。它有七颗岩石行星，其中一些位于宜居带，那里的条件可能允许液态水存在，液态水是我们所知生命的重要组成部分。这使得TRAPPIST-1成为寻找地球以外生命的主要目标。 天文学研究的未来方向 Tusay说：“TRAPPIST-1系统离地球相对较近，我们有关于其行星轨道的详细信息，使其成为测试这些技术的优秀自然实验室。”“我们为这个项目开发的方法和算法最终可以应用于其他恒星系统，并增加我们在太阳系以外的行星之间找到定期通信的机会，如果它们存在的话。” 该团队这次没有发现任何外星信号，但他们将继续改进搜索技术并探索其他恒星系统。该团队表示，未来使用更大、更强大的望远镜进行搜索，可以帮助科学家探测到更微弱的信号，并扩大我们对宇宙的理解。 【词汇积累】 1. astronomers [əˈstrɒnəməz] n. 天文学家 6. habitable [ˈhæbɪtəbl] adj. 宜居的 2. radio signals [ˈreɪdiəʊ ˈsɪɡnəlz] n. 无线电信号 7. algorithms [ˈælɡərɪðəmz] n. 算法 3. extraterrestrial [ˌekstrətəˈrestriəl] adj. 地球外的 8. telescopes [ˈtelɪskəʊps] n. 望远镜 4. occultations [ˌɒkəlˈteɪʃənz] n. 掩星现象 9. orbiters [ˈɔːrbɪtərz] n. 轨道飞行器 5. narrowband [ˈnærəʊbænd] adj. 窄带的 10. sensitivity [ˌsensəˈtɪvəti] n. 灵敏度 【知识拓展】 世界遗产的分类 1. SETI计划（Search for Exttaterrestrial Intelligence）：致力于通过无线电波探测外星文明信号的科学项目，主要使用射电望远镜（如艾伦望远镜阵列）扫描宇宙中的异常信号。 2. TRAPPIST-1星系：一颗距离地球41光年的超冷红矮星，拥有7颗类地行星，其中3颗位于宜居带，是寻找外星生命的重点观测目标。 3. 行星掩星（Planet-Planet Occultations, PPOs）：指从地球视角观测时，一颗行星遮挡另一颗行星的现象，可能泄露外星文明的行星际通信信号。 4. 平方公里阵列（Square Kilometer Array, SKA）：即将建成的全球最大射电望远镜阵列，可探测更微弱的宇宙信号，提升SETI搜索能力。 【词汇延伸】 radio signal detection 无线电信号探测 extraterrestrial life 外星生命 habitable zone 宜居带 signal filtering 信号过滤 space communication 太空通信 astronomical observation 天文观测 interplanetary signals 行星际信号 alien civilization 外星文明 telescope array 望远镜阵列 deep space exploration 深空探索 高考真题链接 (2024·北京卷·阅读理解C篇) The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation —— a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation?” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation?” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 28. What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A. Make an assumption. B. Illustrate an argument. C. Give a suggestion. D. Justify a comparison. 29. What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Accepted by. B. Determined by. C. Awakened by. D. Discovered by. 30. As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________. A. appreciative. B. doubtful. C. unconcerned. D. disapproving. 31. It is implied in this passage that we should _________. A. compare the current models with the previous ones. B. continue exploring the classical models in history. C. stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation. D. turn simulations of the universe into realities up. 背景知识 模拟假说的历史渊源 柏拉图洞穴寓言（Plato's Cave Allegory） 早在公元前4世纪，柏拉图在《理想国》中提出的洞穴理论已蕴含现实虚拟性的思考。囚徒将墙上的影子当作真实，暗示人类可能无法认知终极现实。 笛卡尔的恶魔假说（Descartes' Evil Demon） 17世纪哲学家笛卡尔怀疑：是否存在一个全能的恶魔在系统性地欺骗我们的感知。这一思想实验被视为现代模拟假说的哲学先驱。 诺齐克的体验机（Nozick's Experience Machine） 20世纪哲学家罗伯特·诺齐克提出：如果存在能提供完美虚拟体验的机器，人们是否愿意接入。该思想实验直接探讨虚拟与现实的价值选择。 1. "While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions." 抓标志：从属连词While（引导让步状语从句）；同位语从句that objective reality exists（解释notion内容）；主句谓语动词said后接宾语从句 判类型：让步状语从句：While he held the notion...；主句：he said...；宾语从句嵌套：our mind plays...perceptions 试翻译：尽管康德持有客观现实存在的观点，但他认为我们的意识在构建和塑造感知过程中起着必要作用。 2. "If empirical experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories." 抓标志：条件状语从句If...reality；原因状语从句since...histories；定语从句that are contingent... 判类型：主句：reasoning won't reveal reality；双重条件结构：If..., ...since...；嵌套定语修饰concepts and words 试翻译：如果实证经验无法揭示现实，那么推理同样无法揭示现实，因为推理依赖于那些受我们社会、文化和心理历史制约的概念与语言。 3. "Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation." 抓标志：原因状语Now that...；举例结构such as... 判类型：原因状语从句：Now that...age；主句：we have...simulation；同位举例说明new concepts 试翻译：既然我们身处信息时代，我们就拥有了计算机、信息处理、虚拟现实和模拟等新概念。 4. "It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the 'computer simulation' metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise." 抓标志：形式主语It...that结构；比较结构comparable to...；动名词短语developing...作主语 判类型：主句框架：It can be imagined that...；比较状语：comparable to...models；that从句主语：developing...model 试翻译：可以想象，与构建以往科学模型的过程相似，开发基于"计算机模拟"这一隐喻的新模型也将是极具价值的实践。 1. simulation hypothesis 模拟假说（指认为现实世界可能是高级文明创造的计算机模拟的理论假说） 2. things-in-themselves 物自体（康德哲学概念，指独立于人类认知之外的客观实在） 3. perceptual experience 感知经验（指通过感官系统获得的对世界的认知体验） 4. cognitive functions 认知功能（指大脑处理信息的各种心智能力，如记忆、注意等） 5. black box 黑箱（比喻人类认知过程中无法完全理解的神经处理机制） 6. conceptual metaphors 概念隐喻（指用熟悉概念来理解抽象事物的认知工具） 7. standard model 标准模型（描述基本粒子及其相互作用的物理学理论框架） 8. information processing 信息处理（计算机科学概念，现被借用来理解认知过程） 9. virtual reality 虚拟现实（通过计算机技术模拟的三维环境体验） 10. scientific models 科学模型（科学家用来解释和预测自然现象的理论框架） 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 议论文 409 文章通过理性论证和感性表达，探讨人类存在的意义及其与宇宙的关系 Passage2 阅读理解 新闻报道 282 文章报道了TripAdvisor宣布禁止销售涉及圈养鲸豚类景点的门票，旨在推动动物保护并倡导海滨保护区模式，但遭到SeaWorld等机构的反对，认为其忽视了教育价值和公众需求 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 303 文章围绕人工智能(AI)对环境的影响展开讨论 Passage4 七选五 说明文 264 文章主要讲的是艺术创作对人类进化的意义，特别是Girija Kaimal教授的理论，她认为艺术创作帮助人们应对未来可能出现的问题 Passage5 七选五 议论文 244 探讨了人工智能（AI）的影响，指出AI并非威胁传统技能，而是变革性工具，并从学生学习、专业人士工作等方面论证其辅助作用，强调负责任使用AI的重要性 Passage6 语法填空 说明文 247 文章介绍了天井建筑的再度流行及其降温原理 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 247 作者讲述了自己在丹尼森大学的经历 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·湖南长沙·期末）Nietzsche(尼采) was wrong: When you gaze long enough into the abyss(深渊), the abyss does not gaze back into you. Instead, the cosmic(宇宙的) void(空白) remains silent and frightening in its vastness. When looking at the vast emptiness of the universe, there is a temptation(诱惑) to look at our tiny world with nihilism(虚无主义). To feel that our great achievements amount to nothing. That our history fails to leave a mark. That our concerns and anxieties are pointless. I'm a cosmologist, the kind of scientist who studies the origin, history and evolution of the universe. I have spent years working to understand what cosmic voids teach us. And in the course of my studies, I have learned to reject that temptation. It's true that Earth is neither large nor long-lived, but that is only one way of measuring significance. Compared with the cosmic voids, there is something special happening on our planet. Earth is still the only known place in the entire universe where conscious beings raise their curious eyes to the sky and wonder. Earth is the only known place where humans can exist. It is the only known place where laughter, love, anger and joy exist. The only known place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful complexities that make us human aren't meaningless. The experiences in our lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse of most of the universe. The same lessons that cosmic voids teach us are found in the voids we encounter in our own lives. The presence of voids guarantees the opposite; they create contrast; they are full of potential. The pain we feel from loss is the last reminder of the gift of a life deeply loved. The silence before a performance is full of electric expectation. Our choice to ignore stressful news is necessary to allow us to focus on what truly matters. Artists have long understood the power of the void. The 12th-century poet Saigyo noted that the pauses between raindrops were as important as the drops themselves. The famed architect Rem celebrated the usefulness of negative spaces, declaring, “Where there is nothing, everything is possible.” The universe won't do anything for us except give us the freedom to exist. It is our job to fill the universe with meaning and purpose. 1. What does the author suggest about the “temptation” in paragraph 2? A. It reflects humanity's fear of cosmic emptiness. B. It strengthens people's scientific curiosity about the void. C. It leads people to understate Earth's unique qualities. D. It comes from the universe's coldness to human existence. 2. Why does the author reject the temptation? A. He is a cosmologist who believes science. B. Earth remains the only known home for human experiences. C. Human experiences differ from those in voids. D. Earth's small size and short life makes it unique. 3. What is the main purpose of paragraph 5? A. To explain why voids exist in universe and life. B. To suggest people should remove empty spaces in life. C. To analyze how emptiness in life offers significance. D. To prove filling empty spaces creates greater purpose. 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Cosmic Voids: A Scientist's Technical Analysis B. Filling the Emptiness: Finding Meaning in the Vast Universe C. Nietzsche Revisited: When Philosophy Meets Astronomy D. The Silent Universe: Why Our Existence Means Nothing Passage 2 （24-25高二下·常州·阶段测试）TripAdvisor, one of the world’s most popular travel sites, has recently announced that it will stop selling tickets to attractions that contribute to the captivity (囚禁) of whales and dolphins. The ban is an addition of the company’s 2016 policy that prohibits ticket sales to attractions where travelers come into physical contact with captive wild animals. “Whales and dolphins do not grow well in limited captive environments,” Dermot Halpin, a TripAdvisor spokesperson, said in an interview. “We believe the current generation of whales and dolphins in captivity should be the last, and we look forward to seeing this position adopted more widely throughout the travel industry.” The ban applies to all attractions and aquariums (水族馆) that have whales and dolphins for public display. “Our aim is not only to prevent future generations of whales and dolphins from being raised in captivity, but also to encourage the industry to move toward other models, like seaside reserves, that will better provide for the needs of the current captive population,” Halpin said. Not everyone supported the decision. SeaWorld, a top attraction in Florida, said the move ignores the needs and preferences of the general public. “TripAdvisor’s new position ignores the educational value of zoos and aquariums. TripAdvisor should give its customers good information and trust them to make well-informed decisions,” said a SeaWorld spokesman. “SeaWorld always takes good care of all animals, including whales and dolphins. We will continue to advance education and animal protection efforts.” TripAdvisor — which serves an average of about 490 million travelers a month, according to its website — said the new policy will go into full effect by the end of the year. 1．Why does the TripAdvisor make the new announcement? A．To attract more visitors. B．To increase ticket prices. C．To better protect wild animals. D．To compete with other companies. 2．What do the underlined words “this position” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Ignoring the educational value of attractions. B．Calling on tourists to care for animals in attractions. C．Preventing travelers having physical contact with animals. D．Stopping selling tickets to attractions with captive animals. 3．What does TripAdvisor suggest the travel industry do? A．Take better care of all animals B．Continue animal protection efforts. C．Create natural reserves by the seaside. D．Build more zoos and aquariums. 4．What is SeaWorld’s attitude toward TripAdvisor’s decision? A．Supportive. B．Positive. C．Objective. D．Dissatisfied. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·浙江杭州·月考）In the age of AI, worries about its impact on the environment are snowballing. For example, asking ChatGPT a question uses ten times more energy than an old-fashioned search. The development of Al has also caused a big increase in greenhouse-gas emissions. Google’s emissions went up nearly 50% from 2019 to 2023. However, these concerns might be overstated. In fact, Al may be less energy-hungry than many people assume. The International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts that the electricity used by data centres could become three times as much within five years. But at present, the 1.5% of global electricity consumption related to data centres mainly comes from things like streaming, social media and online shopping. Moreover, some of AI’s electricity use will help with greening the economy. AI is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical grids (电网), cut fuel use in shipping and spot invisible leaks of greenhouse gas Policymakers and industry leaders face the task of maximizing AI’s advantages while minimizing its climate effects. The best way would be for governments to set a proper price for carbon and let the market operate. But because a global carbon price remains a distant dream, focusing on other three measures are more down-to-earth. The first is more openness. Starting in August 2026, the EU will require some AI developers to report how much energy they use in detail. That approach should be copied elsewhere. A second is to rethink how data centers operate. The IEA notes that being able to shift workloads between different data centers at different times could reduce stress and help balance energy grids. Third, technology companies must keep their promises about protecting the environment instead of depending on buying renewable-energy credits. Doubling down on such approaches would help transform AI from climate suspect to climate hero. 1. What is the main concern about AI? A. Its inability to reduce emissions. B. Its impact on social development. C. Its shock on old-fashioned search. D. Its high-level energy consumption. 2. What can be inferred from the second paragraph? A. AI’s environmental-friendly potential remains tested. B. AI has a minor role in the current electricity consumption. C. AI is currently the most effective way to reduce emissions D. The process of AI detecting gas leaking is easy to achieve. 3. Which solution is more realistic to minimize AI’s climate effects? A. Fixing a proper price for carbon. B. Allowing the market to operate. C. Reconsidering data center operations. D. Purchasing renewable-energy credits. 4. Which of the following is the best title for text? A. AI and Climate: A Battle of Balancing B. Climate: A Victim or a Beneficiary of AI? C.AI’s next target: Environmental Protection D. AI: A Threat or a Contributor to the Climate? Passage 4 （24-25高二下·河南南阳·大联考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 “Art is able to inspire our creativity. ____1____,” says Girija Kaimal, a professor at Drexel University. “But now we discover it might serve an evolutionary (进化的) purpose.” Kaimal has a theory that art-making helps us address the problems that might arise in the future. Her theory is based on an idea developed in the last few years. ____2____. “It uses information to make predictions about what we might do next — and more importantly, what we need to do next to survive,” says Kaimal. ____3____. We need to decide what kind of drawing tools to use, what color to choose, and how to translate what we’re seeing onto the paper. “So what our brain is doing every day, consciously and unconsciously, is trying to imagine what is going to come and preparing to face it,” she says. Kaimal has seen this play out at her clinical practice as an art therapist with a student, Ivy, who was severely depressed. “She had a sense of hopelessness. She was despairing,” Kaimal recalls. Ivy took out a piece of paper, colored the whole sheet with a thick black marker, and didn’t say anything. “She looked at that black sheet of paper for some time,” says Kaimal. “Then she said, ‘Wow. That looks really depressing.’” ____4____. Ivy looked around and grabbed some pink clay. And she started making flowers. “Through that session,” says Kaimal, “the student was able to imagine possibilities and see a future beyond the present moment in which she was depressed. This act of imagination is actually an act of survival. ____5____.” A. Making art can be challenging B. Our brain is a predictive machine C. Then something amazing happened D. Ultimately, interpret what the images mean E. That’s why we’ve been making art since long ago F. While making art, we’re making a series of decisions G. It is preparing us to imagine possibilities and hopefully survive Passage 5 （24-25高二下·河南·联考）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In today’s rapidly advancing technological landscape, the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has caused widespread debate and concern. ____1____ However, a closer look reveals a more delicate perspective. Just as previous technological advancements have coexisted with human capabilities, AI is not a threat to fundamental skills but rather a transformative tool. ____2____ Just as calculators did not end math skills and typing did not eliminate (消除) handwriting, AI does not signal the end of reading and writing or of education in general. Elementary school teacher Shannon Morris says AI tools like ChatGPT answer questions, and provide personalized content for students based on their interests. ____3____ Moreover, AI simplifies teachers’ tasks like grading and creating vocabulary lists. Similarly, AI enhances efficiency for professionals. ____4____ AI can handle tasks like scheduling meetings, sorting emails, prioritizing daily tasks, and managing social media content. This frees up time for more meaningful and rewarding work. The technology can also help with brainstorming, understanding difficult concepts, finding errors in code, and learning languages via conversation, making complex tasks more manageable. As Carri Spector of the Stanford Graduate School of Education puts it, “I think AI knowledge is similar to driver’s education: We’ve got a powerful tool that can be a great benefit, but it can also be dangerous. We want students to learn how to use it responsibly.” In reality, understanding and practicing the responsible application of AI isn’t merely an option; it’s an essential requirement. ____5____ A. They also help with studying and research. B. When it comes to students, AI aids learning. C. AI is a powerful tool only when used responsibly. D. AI is not the final target, but a brand-new starting point. E. Instead of replacing human employees, it takes over time-consuming tasks. F. There’s a risk of something very dangerous happening in the next five years. G. Many fear AI will make traditional skills old-fashioned and affect many parts of life. Passage 6 （24-25高二上·河南漯河·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 How ancient “skywells” are keeping Chinese homes cool Although skywell buildings have existed in China for hundreds of years, in recent times they ___1___ (forget)by people who prefer modern facilities usually. Over the past two decades, however, due to a ___2___ (revive) of traditional Chinese architecture, skywell buildings have been making a comeback. Ancient “green wisdom” such as skywells continue to inspire today’s climate adaptive design and innovations in passive cooling, according to Wang Zhengfeng, ___3___ honored researcher in environmental humanities at the Institute for Area Studies at Leiden University. Passive cooling is a method that combines design and technology to cool a building ___4___ the use of power. When asked about why skywells have caught more attention of modern Chinese people, Wang says that the courtyard is also designed ___5___ (serve) as a gathering place for families or communities, ___6___ comes with ritual (仪式的) meanings. Skywells were designed ___7___ (specific) to cool buildings in an era well before air-conditioning existed. When wind blows above a skywell house, it can enter the indoor space through the opening. Because outdoor air is often much ___8___ (cool), the incoming breeze travels down the walls to the lower stories and create airflows by replacing warmer indoor air, ___9___ rises and leaves through the opening. In Huizhou, a skywell is small but tall, and the rooms around it can block out sunlight on hot days, ___10___ (enable) the bottom of the skywell to stay cool, he adds. Passage 7 （24-25高二下·黑龙江·月考）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I began college at Denison University, where I would discover the surprising power of small habits for the first time. Before college, I didn’t ___1___ a balance between study and games. When I started college and ___2___ a place on the school baseball team, I decided to get my life in order first. I ___3___ good sleep habits and made a point of keeping my room neat and tidy. These improvements were ___4___, but they gave me a sense of order. I started to feel confident. And this growing ___5___ in myself spread into the classroom as I improved my study habits and got straight A’s during my first year. A habit is a routine or behavior that is ___6___ regularly. As each semester passed, I formed consistent habits that ___7___ led to unimaginable results. For example, I made it a habit to ___8___ weights, and later, my ___9___ went from 170 to 200 pounds. By my junior year, I was ____10____ captain of the school baseball team. But it was not until my senior season that my sleep habits, study habits, and strength-training habits really began to ____11____. I was named to the ESPN All-America Team. By graduation, I was ____12____ the university’s highest academic honor, the President’s Medal. ____13____, there was nothing legendary about my athletic career. I never ended up playing professionally. However, looking back on those years, I believe I ____14____ my potential. The only way I made ____15____ was to start small. 1. A. share B. strike C. spread D. remove 2. A. earned B. found C. listed D. offered 3. A. quit B. broke C. developed D. increased 4. A. minor B. critical C. intense D. profound 5. A. interest B. belief C. indecision D. doubt 6. A. launched B. generated C. identified D. performed 7. A. ultimately B. suddenly C. objectively D. specially 8. A. hold B. settle C. lift D. accumulate 9. A. height B. strength C. capacity D. weight 10. A. voted B. applied C. judged D. praised 11. A. turn out B. settle down C. pay off D. come true 12. A. awarded B. submitted C. subscribed D. defended 13. A. Fortunately B. Probably C. Usually D. Frankly 14. A. observed B. tracked C. absorbed D. fulfilled 15. A. progress B. peace C. trouble D. sense 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Survival 话题阅读精练 主题词汇积累 一、宇宙探索与星际移民 Mars exploration（火星探索） unmanned spacecraft（无人飞船） Martian surface（火星表面） solar radiation（太阳辐射） manned missions（载人任务） renewable energy（可再生能源） biosphere experiment（生物圈实验） oxygen supply（氧气供应） closed ecosystem（封闭生态系统） planetary settlement（行星定居） 二、城市野生动物与生态适应 urban migration（城市迁徙） natural habitats（自然栖息地） urban adaptation（城市适应） wildlife corridors（野生动物走廊） predator-prey relationship（捕食者-被捕食者关系） behavioral plasticity（行为可塑性） artificial lighting（人工照明） window collisions（窗户撞击） food waste（食物浪费） human-wildlife conflict（人兽冲突） 三、环境保护与可持续发展 climate change mitigation（气候变化缓解） ecological footprint（生态足迹） habitat fragmentation（栖息地碎片化） biodiversity conservation（生物多样性保护） sustainable development（可持续发展） carbon emissions（碳排放） environmental degradation（环境退化） ecosystem services（生态系统服务） green infrastructure（绿色基础设施） wildlife protection laws（野生动物保护法） 四、科技与生态研究 space probes（太空探测器） environmental monitoring（环境监测） satellite imagery（卫星图像） population estimation（种群数量估算） migration patterns（迁徙模式） species tracking（物种追踪） ecological modeling（生态建模） genetic adaptation（基因适应） behavioral ecology（行为生态学） conservation technology（保护技术） 时文拓展阅读 Breakthrough Technique Could Reveal Alien Communications Between Planets Astronomers have developed a new technique to search for radio signals from planets beyond our solar system, particularly those aligned with both each other and Earth. These signals would be similar to those used for communication with rovers on Mars. Penn State astronomers, in collaboration with scientists at the SETI Institute, spent 28 hours using the Allen Telescope Array (ATA) to scan the TRAPPIST-1 star system for signs of alien technology. This effort represents the longest focused search for radio signals from TRAPPIST-1 to date. Although no evidence of extraterrestrial technology was found, the project introduced a new method for future searches. The research has been accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal. Enhancing Detection Technology for Extraterrestrial Signals “This research shows that we are getting closer to technology and methods that could detect radio signals similar to the ones we send into space,” said Nick Tusay, a graduate student research fellow at Penn State and first author of the paper. “Most searches assume a powerful signal, like a beacon intended to reach distant planets, because our receivers have a sensitivity limit to a minimum transmitter power beyond anything we unintentionally send out. But, with better equipment, like the upcoming Square Kilometer Array, we might soon be able to detect signals from an alien civilization communicating with its spacecraft.” The project focused on a phenomenon called planet-planet occultations (PPOs). PPOs happen when one planet moves in front of another from Earth’s perspective. If intelligent life exists in that star system, radio signals sent between planets could leak and be detected from Earth. Advancements in Signal Analysis at ATA Using the upgraded ATA — a series of radio antennae dedicated to the search for extraterrestrial technology located at the Hat Creek Observatory in the Cascade Mountains about 300 miles north of San Francisco — the team scanned a wide range of frequencies, looking for narrowband signals, which are considered possible signs of alien technology. The team filtered millions of potential signals, narrowing down to about 11,000 candidates for detailed analysis. The team detected 2,264 of these signals during predicted PPO windows. However, none of the signals were of non-human origin. The ATA’s new capabilities, which include advanced software to filter signals, helped the team separate possible alien signals from Earth-based ones. The researchers said they believe that refining these methods and focusing on events like PPOs could help increase the chances of detecting alien signals in the future. SETI Research and Student Involvement “This project included work by undergraduate students in the 2023 SETI Institute Research Experience for Undergraduates program,” said Sofia Sheikh, a SETI researcher at the SETI Institute who earned her doctoral degree at Penn State. “The students looked for signals from human-made orbiters around Mars to check if the system could detect signals correctly. It was an exciting way to involve students in cutting-edge SETI research.” The TRAPPIST-1 system is a small, cool star about 41 light years from Earth. It has seven rocky planets, some of which are in the habitable zone, where conditions might allow liquid water to exist — an essential ingredient for life as we know it. This makes TRAPPIST-1 a prime target searching for life beyond Earth. Future Directions in Astronomical Research “The TRAPPIST-1 system is relatively close to Earth, and we have detailed information about the orbit of its planets, making it an excellent natural laboratory to test these techniques,” Tusay said. “The methods and algorithms that we developed for this project can eventually be applied to other star systems and increase our chances of finding regular communications among planets beyond our solar system, if they exist.” The team did not find any alien signals this time, but they will continue improving their search techniques and exploring other star systems. Future searches with bigger and more powerful telescopes could help scientists detect even fainter signals and expand our understanding of the universe, the team said. 【译文欣赏】 突破性技术可能揭示行星之间的外星通信 天文学家已经开发出一种新技术，可以搜索来自太阳系以外行星的无线电信号，特别是那些相互对齐和与地球对齐的行星。这些信号将类似于用于与火星探测车通信的信号。宾夕法尼亚州立大学的天文学家与SETI研究所的科学家合作，花了28个小时使用艾伦望远镜阵列扫描TRAPPIST-1恒星系统，寻找外星技术的迹象。这是迄今为止对TRAPPIST-1无线电信号进行的最长时间的集中搜索。 尽管没有发现外星技术的证据，但该项目为未来的搜索引入了一种新方法。这项研究已被《天文学杂志》发表。 增强外星信号检测技术 宾夕法尼亚州立大学研究生研究员、该论文的第一作者尼克·图赛说：“这项研究表明，我们正越来越接近能够检测到类似于我们发送到太空的无线电信号的技术和方法。”“大多数搜索都假设有一个强大的信号，比如一个旨在到达遥远行星的信标，因为我们的接收器对我们无意中发出的任何信号的最小发射器功率都有灵敏度限制。但是，有了更好的设备，比如即将推出的平方公里阵列，我们可能很快就能检测到来自外星文明与其航天器通信的信号。” 该项目专注于一种称为行星掩星的现象。从地球的角度来看，当一颗行星在另一颗行星前方移动时，这种现象就会发生。如果该恒星系统中存在智能生命，行星之间发送的无线电信号可能会泄漏并被地球探测到。 ATA信号分析的进步 该团队使用升级后的ATA——系列专门用于搜索外星技术的无线电天线，位于旧金山以北约300英里的喀斯喀特山脉的哈特克里克天文台——扫描了广泛的频率，寻找窄带信号，这些信号被认为是外星技术的可能迹象。该团队过滤了数百万个潜在信号，筛选出约11000个候选信号进行详细分析。该团队在预测的PPO窗口期间检测到了2264个这些信号。然而，这些信号都不是非人类来源的。 ATA的新功能，包括过滤信号的高级软件，帮助该团队将可能的外星信号与地球信号分开。研究人员表示，他们相信，改进这些方法并专注于PPO等事件可能有助于增加未来检测到外星信号的机会。 SETI研究与学生参与 SETI研究所的SETI研究员Sofia Sheikh在宾夕法尼亚州立大学获得了博士学位，她说：“这个项目包括2023年SETI研究院本科生研究经验项目中本科生的工作。”“学生们寻找来自火星周围人造轨道器的信号，以检查该系统是否能够正确检测信号。这是让学生参与尖端SETI研究的一种令人兴奋的方式。” TRAPPIST-1系统是一颗距离地球约41光年的小型冷恒星。它有七颗岩石行星，其中一些位于宜居带，那里的条件可能允许液态水存在，液态水是我们所知生命的重要组成部分。这使得TRAPPIST-1成为寻找地球以外生命的主要目标。 天文学研究的未来方向 Tusay说：“TRAPPIST-1系统离地球相对较近，我们有关于其行星轨道的详细信息，使其成为测试这些技术的优秀自然实验室。”“我们为这个项目开发的方法和算法最终可以应用于其他恒星系统，并增加我们在太阳系以外的行星之间找到定期通信的机会，如果它们存在的话。” 该团队这次没有发现任何外星信号，但他们将继续改进搜索技术并探索其他恒星系统。该团队表示，未来使用更大、更强大的望远镜进行搜索，可以帮助科学家探测到更微弱的信号，并扩大我们对宇宙的理解。 【词汇积累】 1. astronomers [əˈstrɒnəməz] n. 天文学家 6. habitable [ˈhæbɪtəbl] adj. 宜居的 2. radio signals [ˈreɪdiəʊ ˈsɪɡnəlz] n. 无线电信号 7. algorithms [ˈælɡərɪðəmz] n. 算法 3. extraterrestrial [ˌekstrətəˈrestriəl] adj. 地球外的 8. telescopes [ˈtelɪskəʊps] n. 望远镜 4. occultations [ˌɒkəlˈteɪʃənz] n. 掩星现象 9. orbiters [ˈɔːrbɪtərz] n. 轨道飞行器 5. narrowband [ˈnærəʊbænd] adj. 窄带的 10. sensitivity [ˌsensəˈtɪvəti] n. 灵敏度 【知识拓展】 世界遗产的分类 1. SETI计划（Search for Exttaterrestrial Intelligence）：致力于通过无线电波探测外星文明信号的科学项目，主要使用射电望远镜（如艾伦望远镜阵列）扫描宇宙中的异常信号。 2. TRAPPIST-1星系：一颗距离地球41光年的超冷红矮星，拥有7颗类地行星，其中3颗位于宜居带，是寻找外星生命的重点观测目标。 3. 行星掩星（Planet-Planet Occultations, PPOs）：指从地球视角观测时，一颗行星遮挡另一颗行星的现象，可能泄露外星文明的行星际通信信号。 4. 平方公里阵列（Square Kilometer Array, SKA）：即将建成的全球最大射电望远镜阵列，可探测更微弱的宇宙信号，提升SETI搜索能力。 【词汇延伸】 radio signal detection 无线电信号探测 extraterrestrial life 外星生命 habitable zone 宜居带 signal filtering 信号过滤 space communication 太空通信 astronomical observation 天文观测 interplanetary signals 行星际信号 alien civilization 外星文明 telescope array 望远镜阵列 deep space exploration 深空探索 高考真题链接 (2024·北京卷·阅读理解C篇) The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation —— a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation?” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation?” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 28. What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A. Make an assumption. B. Illustrate an argument. C. Give a suggestion. D. Justify a comparison. 29. What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Accepted by. B. Determined by. C. Awakened by. D. Discovered by. 30. As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________. A. appreciative. B. doubtful. C. unconcerned. D. disapproving. 31. It is implied in this passage that we should _________. A. compare the current models with the previous ones. B. continue exploring the classical models in history. C. stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation. D. turn simulations of the universe into realities up. 【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation —— a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.(搜索“模拟假说”这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C项。 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。故选B项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. (18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用)”以及第三段“So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A项。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. (争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C项。 背景知识 模拟假说的历史渊源 柏拉图洞穴寓言（Plato's Cave Allegory） 早在公元前4世纪，柏拉图在《理想国》中提出的洞穴理论已蕴含现实虚拟性的思考。囚徒将墙上的影子当作真实，暗示人类可能无法认知终极现实。 笛卡尔的恶魔假说（Descartes' Evil Demon） 17世纪哲学家笛卡尔怀疑：是否存在一个全能的恶魔在系统性地欺骗我们的感知。这一思想实验被视为现代模拟假说的哲学先驱。 诺齐克的体验机（Nozick's Experience Machine） 20世纪哲学家罗伯特·诺齐克提出：如果存在能提供完美虚拟体验的机器，人们是否愿意接入。该思想实验直接探讨虚拟与现实的价值选择。 1. "While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions." 抓标志：从属连词While（引导让步状语从句）；同位语从句that objective reality exists（解释notion内容）；主句谓语动词said后接宾语从句 判类型：让步状语从句：While he held the notion...；主句：he said...；宾语从句嵌套：our mind plays...perceptions 试翻译：尽管康德持有客观现实存在的观点，但他认为我们的意识在构建和塑造感知过程中起着必要作用。 2. "If empirical experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories." 抓标志：条件状语从句If...reality；原因状语从句since...histories；定语从句that are contingent... 判类型：主句：reasoning won't reveal reality；双重条件结构：If..., ...since...；嵌套定语修饰concepts and words 试翻译：如果实证经验无法揭示现实，那么推理同样无法揭示现实，因为推理依赖于那些受我们社会、文化和心理历史制约的概念与语言。 3. "Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation." 抓标志：原因状语Now that...；举例结构such as... 判类型：原因状语从句：Now that...age；主句：we have...simulation；同位举例说明new concepts 试翻译：既然我们身处信息时代，我们就拥有了计算机、信息处理、虚拟现实和模拟等新概念。 4. "It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the 'computer simulation' metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise." 抓标志：形式主语It...that结构；比较结构comparable to...；动名词短语developing...作主语 判类型：主句框架：It can be imagined that...；比较状语：comparable to...models；that从句主语：developing...model 试翻译：可以想象，与构建以往科学模型的过程相似，开发基于"计算机模拟"这一隐喻的新模型也将是极具价值的实践。 1. simulation hypothesis 模拟假说（指认为现实世界可能是高级文明创造的计算机模拟的理论假说） 2. things-in-themselves 物自体（康德哲学概念，指独立于人类认知之外的客观实在） 3. perceptual experience 感知经验（指通过感官系统获得的对世界的认知体验） 4. cognitive functions 认知功能（指大脑处理信息的各种心智能力，如记忆、注意等） 5. black box 黑箱（比喻人类认知过程中无法完全理解的神经处理机制） 6. conceptual metaphors 概念隐喻（指用熟悉概念来理解抽象事物的认知工具） 7. standard model 标准模型（描述基本粒子及其相互作用的物理学理论框架） 8. information processing 信息处理（计算机科学概念，现被借用来理解认知过程） 9. virtual reality 虚拟现实（通过计算机技术模拟的三维环境体验） 10. scientific models 科学模型（科学家用来解释和预测自然现象的理论框架） 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 议论文 409 文章通过理性论证和感性表达，探讨人类存在的意义及其与宇宙的关系 Passage2 阅读理解 新闻报道 282 文章报道了TripAdvisor宣布禁止销售涉及圈养鲸豚类景点的门票，旨在推动动物保护并倡导海滨保护区模式，但遭到SeaWorld等机构的反对，认为其忽视了教育价值和公众需求 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 303 文章围绕人工智能(AI)对环境的影响展开讨论 Passage4 七选五 说明文 264 文章主要讲的是艺术创作对人类进化的意义，特别是Girija Kaimal教授的理论，她认为艺术创作帮助人们应对未来可能出现的问题 Passage5 七选五 议论文 244 探讨了人工智能（AI）的影响，指出AI并非威胁传统技能，而是变革性工具，并从学生学习、专业人士工作等方面论证其辅助作用，强调负责任使用AI的重要性 Passage6 语法填空 说明文 247 文章介绍了天井建筑的再度流行及其降温原理 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 247 作者讲述了自己在丹尼森大学的经历 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·湖南长沙·期末）Nietzsche(尼采) was wrong: When you gaze long enough into the abyss(深渊), the abyss does not gaze back into you. Instead, the cosmic(宇宙的) void(空白) remains silent and frightening in its vastness. When looking at the vast emptiness of the universe, there is a temptation(诱惑) to look at our tiny world with nihilism(虚无主义). To feel that our great achievements amount to nothing. That our history fails to leave a mark. That our concerns and anxieties are pointless. I'm a cosmologist, the kind of scientist who studies the origin, history and evolution of the universe. I have spent years working to understand what cosmic voids teach us. And in the course of my studies, I have learned to reject that temptation. It's true that Earth is neither large nor long-lived, but that is only one way of measuring significance. Compared with the cosmic voids, there is something special happening on our planet. Earth is still the only known place in the entire universe where conscious beings raise their curious eyes to the sky and wonder. Earth is the only known place where humans can exist. It is the only known place where laughter, love, anger and joy exist. The only known place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful complexities that make us human aren't meaningless. The experiences in our lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse of most of the universe. The same lessons that cosmic voids teach us are found in the voids we encounter in our own lives. The presence of voids guarantees the opposite; they create contrast; they are full of potential. The pain we feel from loss is the last reminder of the gift of a life deeply loved. The silence before a performance is full of electric expectation. Our choice to ignore stressful news is necessary to allow us to focus on what truly matters. Artists have long understood the power of the void. The 12th-century poet Saigyo noted that the pauses between raindrops were as important as the drops themselves. The famed architect Rem celebrated the usefulness of negative spaces, declaring, “Where there is nothing, everything is possible.” The universe won't do anything for us except give us the freedom to exist. It is our job to fill the universe with meaning and purpose. 1. What does the author suggest about the “temptation” in paragraph 2? A. It reflects humanity's fear of cosmic emptiness. B. It strengthens people's scientific curiosity about the void. C. It leads people to understate Earth's unique qualities. D. It comes from the universe's coldness to human existence. 2. Why does the author reject the temptation? A. He is a cosmologist who believes science. B. Earth remains the only known home for human experiences. C. Human experiences differ from those in voids. D. Earth's small size and short life makes it unique. 3. What is the main purpose of paragraph 5? A. To explain why voids exist in universe and life. B. To suggest people should remove empty spaces in life. C. To analyze how emptiness in life offers significance. D. To prove filling empty spaces creates greater purpose. 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Cosmic Voids: A Scientist's Technical Analysis B. Filling the Emptiness: Finding Meaning in the Vast Universe C. Nietzsche Revisited: When Philosophy Meets Astronomy D. The Silent Universe: Why Our Existence Means Nothing 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过理性论证和感性表达，探讨人类存在的意义及其与宇宙的关系。 1. C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“there is a temptation(诱惑) to look at our tiny world with nihilism(虚无主义)”和第四段中的“Earth is still the only known place... where laughter, love, anger and joy exist.”可知,面对宇宙虚无时产生的诱惑会使人忽视地球作为人类情感和艺术唯一载体的独特性。故选C项。 2. B 细节理解题。根据第四段中用排比句式强调地球是宇宙中已知的唯一存在“有意识的生物(conscious beings)”、人类情感(laughter，love等)和艺术(dance，music等)的地方可知，地球是已知的人类唯一能有各种体验的地方，所以作者拒绝这种诱惑。故选 B项。 3. C 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The presence of voids guarantees the opposite; they create contrast; they arefull of potential.”以及下文通过生活中的空白(表演前的沉默等)论证虚空可以通过对比创造意义可知，C项正确。 4. B 主旨大意题。作者反对宇宙的虚无使人陷入无意义论，强调人类情感、艺术和存在的独特性，倡导在宏大宇宙中主动创造意义。故选 B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·常州·阶段测试）TripAdvisor, one of the world’s most popular travel sites, has recently announced that it will stop selling tickets to attractions that contribute to the captivity (囚禁) of whales and dolphins. The ban is an addition of the company’s 2016 policy that prohibits ticket sales to attractions where travelers come into physical contact with captive wild animals. “Whales and dolphins do not grow well in limited captive environments,” Dermot Halpin, a TripAdvisor spokesperson, said in an interview. “We believe the current generation of whales and dolphins in captivity should be the last, and we look forward to seeing this position adopted more widely throughout the travel industry.” The ban applies to all attractions and aquariums (水族馆) that have whales and dolphins for public display. “Our aim is not only to prevent future generations of whales and dolphins from being raised in captivity, but also to encourage the industry to move toward other models, like seaside reserves, that will better provide for the needs of the current captive population,” Halpin said. Not everyone supported the decision. SeaWorld, a top attraction in Florida, said the move ignores the needs and preferences of the general public. “TripAdvisor’s new position ignores the educational value of zoos and aquariums. TripAdvisor should give its customers good information and trust them to make well-informed decisions,” said a SeaWorld spokesman. “SeaWorld always takes good care of all animals, including whales and dolphins. We will continue to advance education and animal protection efforts.” TripAdvisor — which serves an average of about 490 million travelers a month, according to its website — said the new policy will go into full effect by the end of the year. 1．Why does the TripAdvisor make the new announcement? A．To attract more visitors. B．To increase ticket prices. C．To better protect wild animals. D．To compete with other companies. 2．What do the underlined words “this position” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Ignoring the educational value of attractions. B．Calling on tourists to care for animals in attractions. C．Preventing travelers having physical contact with animals. D．Stopping selling tickets to attractions with captive animals. 3．What does TripAdvisor suggest the travel industry do? A．Take better care of all animals B．Continue animal protection efforts. C．Create natural reserves by the seaside. D．Build more zoos and aquariums. 4．What is SeaWorld’s attitude toward TripAdvisor’s decision? A．Supportive. B．Positive. C．Objective. D．Dissatisfied. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了TripAdvisor宣布禁止销售涉及圈养鲸豚类景点的门票，旨在推动动物保护并倡导海滨保护区模式，但遭到SeaWorld等机构的反对，认为其忽视了教育价值和公众需求。 32．推理判断题。根据第一段中“TripAdvisor, one of the world’s most popular travel sites, has recently announced that it will stop selling tickets to attractions that contribute to the captivity (囚禁) of whales and dolphins. (全球知名旅游平台TripAdvisor近日宣布，将停止销售涉及圈养鲸类与海豚的景点门票)”和第二段中“Whales and dolphins do not grow well in limited captive environments (鲸鱼和海豚在有限的圈养环境中无法健康成长)”可知，TripAdvisor认为圈养环境不利于鲸鱼和海豚的健康生长。由此推知，TripAdvisor的此举是为了更好地保护野生动物。故选C项。 33．词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“We believe the current generation of whales and dolphins in captivity should be the last (我们坚信，当前这一代被圈养的鲸豚类动物应该成为最后一代)”和下文“adopted more widely throughout the travel industry (在整个旅游行业被广泛采用)”可知，TripAdvisor反对圈养鲸豚类动物，并希望其立场能在行业内推行，因此画线部分指代前文所述的具体政策，即“停止销售涉及圈养鲸豚类景点门票”。故选D项。 34．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Our aim is not only to prevent future generations of whales and dolphins from being raised in captivity, but also to encourage the industry to move toward other models, like seaside reserves, that will better provide for the needs of the current captive population (我们的目标不仅是防止未来鲸豚类动物被人工圈养，更要推动行业转型，发展海滨保护区等新模式，为现存圈养动物提供更适宜的生存环境)”可知，TripAdvisor建议旅游业在海边建立自然保护区。故选C项。 35．推理判断题。根据第四段中“SeaWorld, a top attraction in Florida, said the move ignores the needs and preferences of the general public. “TripAdvisor’s new position ignores the educational value of zoos and aquariums. TripAdvisor should give its customers good information and trust them to make well-informed decisions,” said a SeaWorld spokesman. (佛罗里达州顶级景点SeaWorld表示，这一举措忽视了公众的需求和偏好。SeaWorld发言人表示：“TripAdvisor的新立场忽视了动物园和水族馆的教育价值。TripAdvisor应该为客户提供充分的信息，并相信他们能做出明智的决定。”)”可知，SeaWorld批评TripAdvisor的这一举措忽视公众需求和该类场所的教育价值，这表明它对TripAdvisor政策是不满的。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·浙江杭州·月考）In the age of AI, worries about its impact on the environment are snowballing. For example, asking ChatGPT a question uses ten times more energy than an old-fashioned search. The development of Al has also caused a big increase in greenhouse-gas emissions. Google’s emissions went up nearly 50% from 2019 to 2023. However, these concerns might be overstated. In fact, Al may be less energy-hungry than many people assume. The International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts that the electricity used by data centres could become three times as much within five years. But at present, the 1.5% of global electricity consumption related to data centres mainly comes from things like streaming, social media and online shopping. Moreover, some of AI’s electricity use will help with greening the economy. AI is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical grids (电网), cut fuel use in shipping and spot invisible leaks of greenhouse gas Policymakers and industry leaders face the task of maximizing AI’s advantages while minimizing its climate effects. The best way would be for governments to set a proper price for carbon and let the market operate. But because a global carbon price remains a distant dream, focusing on other three measures are more down-to-earth. The first is more openness. Starting in August 2026, the EU will require some AI developers to report how much energy they use in detail. That approach should be copied elsewhere. A second is to rethink how data centers operate. The IEA notes that being able to shift workloads between different data centers at different times could reduce stress and help balance energy grids. Third, technology companies must keep their promises about protecting the environment instead of depending on buying renewable-energy credits. Doubling down on such approaches would help transform AI from climate suspect to climate hero. 1. What is the main concern about AI? A. Its inability to reduce emissions. B. Its impact on social development. C. Its shock on old-fashioned search. D. Its high-level energy consumption. 2. What can be inferred from the second paragraph? A. AI’s environmental-friendly potential remains tested. B. AI has a minor role in the current electricity consumption. C. AI is currently the most effective way to reduce emissions D. The process of AI detecting gas leaking is easy to achieve. 3. Which solution is more realistic to minimize AI’s climate effects? A. Fixing a proper price for carbon. B. Allowing the market to operate. C. Reconsidering data center operations. D. Purchasing renewable-energy credits. 4. Which of the following is the best title for text? A. AI and Climate: A Battle of Balancing B. Climate: A Victim or a Beneficiary of AI? C.AI’s next target: Environmental Protection D. AI: A Threat or a Contributor to the Climate? 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 【语篇导读】文章围绕人工智能(AI)对环境的影响展开讨论。指出人们对 AI高能耗、增加温室气体排放存在担忧, 但这种担忧可能被夸大, AI或许不像人们想的那么耗能, 且还有助于环保。同时,本文提出政策制定者和行业领导者需平衡 AI优势与气候影响,并给出具体解决措施。 1.D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For example, asking ChatGPT a question uses ten times more energy than an old-fashioned search. The development of Al has also caused a big increase in greenhouse-gas emissions.”可知,人们主要担心 AI的高能耗问题,比如问 ChatGPT问题比传统搜索耗能多, 其发展还使温室气体排放大幅增加, 所以D选项“其高水平的能源消耗”正确。A选项“其无法减少排放”,重点是 A带来的高能耗以及电此导致的排放增加问题,而非单纯无法减少排放:B选项“其对社会发展的影响”,文中主要围绕对环境的影响,并非社会发展:C选项“其对传统搜索的冲击”,文中只是举例能耗对比时提及,并非主要担忧点。 2.B。推理判断题。第二段提到“The International Energy Agency(IEA)predicts that the electricity used by data centres could become three times as much within five years. But at present, the 1.5% of global electricitc consumption related to data centres mainly comes from things like streaming and social media.”,意思是国际能源署预测未来五年数据中心用电可能变为三倍,但目前数据中心占全球电力消耗的1.5%主要来自流媒体和社交媒体等,言外之意是目前 AI在数据中心电力消耗方面作用较小,所以B选项“AI在当前电力消耗中作用较小”正确。A选项“AI的环保潜力仍有待检验”,文中提到 AI可助力环保,说明其有一定的潜力且并非有待检验;C选项“AI是目前最有效的减少排放的方式”,文中只是说, AI能助力环保,但未提及“最有效”:D选项“AI检测气体泄漏的过程很容易实现”未提及。 3.C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The best way would be for governments to set a proper price for carbon and let the market operate. But because a global carbon price remains a distant dream, focusing on other three measures are more down-to-earth.”以及第四段内容可知,设定合适的碳价是最好的方法,但这还很遥远,而重新思考数据中心的运营方式(A second is to rethink how data centers operate.)是更切实可行的措施之一。A选项“设定合适的碳价”,虽然是最好的方式但难以实现;B选项“让市场运行”,这是与设定碳价相关的,也难以实现:D选项“购买可再生能源信用”,文中提到科技公司不能依赖购买可再生能源信用,而要信守保护环境的承诺,所以不是好的措施。所以正确答案是℃,重新思考数据中心的运营方式是更现实的措施。 4.D。主旨大意题。文章开头指出人们担忧人工智能对环境的影响,如高能耗和增加温室气体排放等,接着又提到人工智能在一些方面有助于经济绿化和环保,如改善电网效率等,最后提出了一些使人工智能减少对气候的负面影响并发挥其优势的措施。A选项“人工智能与气候:一场平衡之战”,没有突出人工智能对气候的影响是威胁还是贡献这一核心问题:B选项“气候:人工智能的受害者还是受益者?”,重点强调的是气候,而文竟重点是人工智能对气候的影响;C选项“人工智能的下一个目标:环境保护”,文章不仅仅是说人工智能的目标是环保,还讨论了它对气候的影响以及相关措施;D选项“人工智能:对气候的威胁还是贡献?”,准确地概括了文章关于人工智能对气候影响的讨论,既提到了人们的担忧(威胁),又提到了它的环保潜力(贡献)。故选 D。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·河南南阳·大联考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 “Art is able to inspire our creativity. ____1____,” says Girija Kaimal, a professor at Drexel University. “But now we discover it might serve an evolutionary (进化的) purpose.” Kaimal has a theory that art-making helps us address the problems that might arise in the future. Her theory is based on an idea developed in the last few years. ____2____. “It uses information to make predictions about what we might do next — and more importantly, what we need to do next to survive,” says Kaimal. ____3____. We need to decide what kind of drawing tools to use, what color to choose, and how to translate what we’re seeing onto the paper. “So what our brain is doing every day, consciously and unconsciously, is trying to imagine what is going to come and preparing to face it,” she says. Kaimal has seen this play out at her clinical practice as an art therapist with a student, Ivy, who was severely depressed. “She had a sense of hopelessness. She was despairing,” Kaimal recalls. Ivy took out a piece of paper, colored the whole sheet with a thick black marker, and didn’t say anything. “She looked at that black sheet of paper for some time,” says Kaimal. “Then she said, ‘Wow. That looks really depressing.’” ____4____. Ivy looked around and grabbed some pink clay. And she started making flowers. “Through that session,” says Kaimal, “the student was able to imagine possibilities and see a future beyond the present moment in which she was depressed. This act of imagination is actually an act of survival. ____5____.” A. Making art can be challenging B. Our brain is a predictive machine C. Then something amazing happened D. Ultimately, interpret what the images mean E. That’s why we’ve been making art since long ago F. While making art, we’re making a series of decisions G. It is preparing us to imagine possibilities and hopefully survive 【答案】1. E 2. B 3. F 4. C 5. G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是艺术创作对人类进化的意义，特别是Girija Kaimal教授的理论，她认为艺术创作帮助人们应对未来可能出现的问题。 1. 空前“Art is able to inspire our creativity. (艺术能够激发我们的创造力)”提到艺术激发创造力，后面“But now we discover it might serve an evolutionary (进化的) purpose.(但现在我们发现它可能具有进化的目的)”用But转折，说现在发现艺术可能有进化的目的，所以空处应与之前人们对艺术的用法相关，选项E“这就是为什么我们很久以前就开始创作艺术了”符合题意。故选E。 2. 根据后文“It uses information to make predictions about what we might do next — and more importantly, what we need to do next to survive(它利用信息来预测我们下一步可能会做什么，更重要的是，我们接下来需要做什么才能生存)”可知，后文提到了“预测”作用，B项“我们的大脑是一台预测机器”符合题意，下文的It指代Our brain。故选B。 3. 根据后文“We need to decide what kind of drawing tools to use, what color to choose, and how to translate what we’re seeing onto the paper.(我们需要决定使用什么样的绘图工具，选择什么颜色，以及如何将我们看到的内容翻译到纸上)”可知，后文讲述了我们在创造艺术时需要做的具体决定，所以空处与“决定”有关，F项“在创作艺术的同时，我们也在做一系列的决定”符合题意。故选F。 4. 前文“Ivy took out a piece of paper, colored the whole sheet with a thick black marker, and didn’t say anything. “She looked at that black sheet of paper for some time,” says Kaimal. “Then she said, ‘Wow. That looks really depressing.’”(Ivy拿出一张纸，用一支粗的黑色马克笔把整张纸都涂了色，什么也没说。Kaimal说：“她盯着那张黑纸看了一会儿。然后她说，‘哇。这看起来真的很令人沮丧。’”)”讲述了Ivy用黑色马克笔作画，觉得画让人很沮丧，后文“Ivy looked around and grabbed some pink clay. And she started making flowers.(Ivy环顾四周，抓起一些粉红色的粘土。然后她开始做花)”讲述了Ivy用粉色黏土开始做花，前后之间发生了神奇的积极变化，所以C项“然后发生了令人惊奇的事情”符合题意。故选C。 5. 前文“This act of imagination is actually an act of survival.(这种想象行为实际上是一种生存行为)”讲述了这种想象行为是一种生存行为，空处应进一步说明如何用想象来生存，G项“它让我们准备想象各种可能性并希望生存下去”符合题意，It指代上文的This act of imagination。故选G。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·河南·联考）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In today’s rapidly advancing technological landscape, the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has caused widespread debate and concern. ____1____ However, a closer look reveals a more delicate perspective. Just as previous technological advancements have coexisted with human capabilities, AI is not a threat to fundamental skills but rather a transformative tool. ____2____ Just as calculators did not end math skills and typing did not eliminate (消除) handwriting, AI does not signal the end of reading and writing or of education in general. Elementary school teacher Shannon Morris says AI tools like ChatGPT answer questions, and provide personalized content for students based on their interests. ____3____ Moreover, AI simplifies teachers’ tasks like grading and creating vocabulary lists. Similarly, AI enhances efficiency for professionals. ____4____ AI can handle tasks like scheduling meetings, sorting emails, prioritizing daily tasks, and managing social media content. This frees up time for more meaningful and rewarding work. The technology can also help with brainstorming, understanding difficult concepts, finding errors in code, and learning languages via conversation, making complex tasks more manageable. As Carri Spector of the Stanford Graduate School of Education puts it, “I think AI knowledge is similar to driver’s education: We’ve got a powerful tool that can be a great benefit, but it can also be dangerous. We want students to learn how to use it responsibly.” In reality, understanding and practicing the responsible application of AI isn’t merely an option; it’s an essential requirement. ____5____ A. They also help with studying and research. B. When it comes to students, AI aids learning. C. AI is a powerful tool only when used responsibly. D. AI is not the final target, but a brand-new starting point. E. Instead of replacing human employees, it takes over time-consuming tasks. F. There’s a risk of something very dangerous happening in the next five years. G. Many fear AI will make traditional skills old-fashioned and affect many parts of life. 【答案】1. G 2. B 3. A 4. E 5. C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文探讨了人工智能（AI）的影响，指出AI并非威胁传统技能，而是变革性工具，并从学生学习、专业人士工作等方面论证其辅助作用，强调负责任使用AI的重要性。 1. 上文“In today’s rapidly advancing technological landscape, the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has caused widespread debate and concern. (在当今科技飞速发展的大背景下，人工智能（AI）的出现引发了广泛的争论与担忧)”说明人们对AI存在争论和担忧，空处承接上文，具体说明担忧的内容，G选项“许多人担心人工智能会使传统技能过时，并影响生活的许多方面”符合语境，体现了人们对AI负面影响的担忧，引出下文的转折论述。故选G。 2. 下文“Just as calculators did not end math skills and typing did not eliminate (消除) handwriting, AI does not signal the end of reading and writing or of education in general. Elementary school teacher Shannon Morris says AI tools like ChatGPT answer questions, and provide personalized content for students based on their interests. (就像计算器没有终结数学技能、打字没有消除手写一样，人工智能也并不意味着阅读、写作或整体教育的终结。小学教师香农・莫里斯表示，像ChatGPT这样的人工智能工具能够回答问题，并根据学生的兴趣为他们提供个性化内容)”以具体例子说明AI对学生学习的帮助，B项“说到学生，人工智能辅助学习”适合作本段主旨句，引出下文对学生群体中AI应用的阐述。故选B。 3. 上文“Elementary school teacher Shannon Morris says AI tools like ChatGPT answer questions, and provide personalized content for students based on their interests. (小学教师香农・莫里斯表示，像ChatGPT这样的人工智能工具能够回答问题，并根据学生的兴趣为他们提供个性化内容)”列举了AI在学习中的具体作用，空处承接上文，进一步补充AI对学生的其他帮助，A项“它们也有助于学习和研究”中的They指代上文的“AI tools”，“studying and research”是对上文功能的延伸，符合语境。故选A。 4. 上文“AI enhances efficiency for professionals. (人工智能为专业人士提高效率)”总述AI对专业人士的积极作用，下文“AI can handle tasks like scheduling meetings, sorting emails, prioritizing daily tasks, and managing social media content. (人工智能可以处理诸如安排会议、分类邮件、确定日常任务优先级以及管理社交媒体内容等任务)”具体说明AI接管的耗时任务，E项“它不是取代人类员工，而是接管耗时的任务”承上启下，既呼应“提高效率”，又引出下文具体任务举例，逻辑连贯。故选E。 5. 上文“In reality, understanding and practicing the responsible application of AI isn’t merely an option; it’s an essential requirement. (事实上，理解并实践负责任地应用人工智能不仅是一种选择，更是一项基本要求)”强调负责任使用AI的必要性，空处总结上文，强化这一核心观点，C项“人工智能只有在负责任地使用时才是强大的工具”与上文“responsible application”形成呼应，重申责任使用的重要性，适合作段落总结。故选C。 Passage 6 （24-25高二上·河南漯河·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 How ancient “skywells” are keeping Chinese homes cool Although skywell buildings have existed in China for hundreds of years, in recent times they ___1___ (forget)by people who prefer modern facilities usually. Over the past two decades, however, due to a ___2___ (revive) of traditional Chinese architecture, skywell buildings have been making a comeback. Ancient “green wisdom” such as skywells continue to inspire today’s climate adaptive design and innovations in passive cooling, according to Wang Zhengfeng, ___3___ honored researcher in environmental humanities at the Institute for Area Studies at Leiden University. Passive cooling is a method that combines design and technology to cool a building ___4___ the use of power. When asked about why skywells have caught more attention of modern Chinese people, Wang says that the courtyard is also designed ___5___ (serve) as a gathering place for families or communities, ___6___ comes with ritual (仪式的) meanings. Skywells were designed ___7___ (specific) to cool buildings in an era well before air-conditioning existed. When wind blows above a skywell house, it can enter the indoor space through the opening. Because outdoor air is often much ___8___ (cool), the incoming breeze travels down the walls to the lower stories and create airflows by replacing warmer indoor air, ___9___ rises and leaves through the opening. In Huizhou, a skywell is small but tall, and the rooms around it can block out sunlight on hot days, ___10___ (enable) the bottom of the skywell to stay cool, he adds. 【答案】1. have been forgotten 2. revival 3. an 4. without 5. to serve 6. and 7. specifically 8. cooler 9. which 10. enabling 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了天井建筑的再度流行及其降温原理。 1.考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：尽管天井建筑在中国已经存在了数百年，但最近它们已经被通常喜欢现代设施的人遗忘了。根时间状语in recent times可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时；主语they指代skywell buildings，为复数主语，且与动词forget之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词需用have。故填have been forgotten。 2. 考查名词。句意：然而，在过去的二十年里，由于中国传统建筑的复兴，天井建筑正在卷土重来。根据空前due to a可知，此处需要填名词，revive的名词形式为revival，意为“复兴”。故填revival。 3. 考查冠词。句意：莱顿大学地区研究所环境人文学科的杰出研究员王正峰表示，像天井这样古老的“绿色智慧”，继续启发着当今适应气候的设计和被动制冷方面的创新。researcher为可数名词，此处表示泛指，honored发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an。故填an。 4. 考查介词。句意：被动制冷是一种结合设计和技术，在不使用电力的情况下为建筑物降温的方法。根据句意和空后名词短语the use of power可知，此处表示“不使用电力”，介词without意为“没有，不”符合题意。故填without。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当被问及为什么天井吸引了现代中国人的更多关注时，王说，庭院也是作为家庭或社区的聚会场所而设计的，具有仪式意义。that引导的宾语从句中is designed为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作目的状语，需填动词不定式形式。故填to serve。 6. 考查连词。句意：当被问及为什么天井吸引了现代中国人的更多关注时，王说，庭院也是作为家庭或社区的聚会场所而设计的，具有仪式意义。is designed和comes with这两个部分共同描述主语the courtyard的情况，用于阐述庭院的功能和特点，即庭院既被设计用作家庭或社区的聚会场所，同时又带有仪式意义，故需用连词and连接这两个谓语动词短语，表明这两个动作是并列的。故填and。 7. 考查副词。句意：在空调出现之前的时代，天井是专门为给建筑物降温而设计的。空处修饰动词were designed，需用副词形式。故填specifically。 8. 考查形容词。句意：因为室外空气通常要凉爽得多，进来的微风沿着墙壁向下流动到较低的楼层，并通过置换较热的室内空气来产生气流，热空气上升并通过开口流出。根据空前系动词is和much可知，空处应用形容词比较级cooler，意为“更凉爽的”，表示与室内空气的比较。故填cooler。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：因为室外空气通常要凉爽得多，进来的微风沿着墙壁向下流动到较低的楼层，并通过置换较热的室内空气来产生气流，热空气上升并通过开口流出。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是warmer indoor air，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故填which。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他补充说，在徽州，天井小而高，周围的房间在炎热的日子里可以挡住阳光，使天井底部保持凉爽。and之后的并列句中已有谓语动词can block out，空处为非谓语动词，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，所以用现在分词形式。故填enabling。 Passage 7 （24-25高二下·黑龙江·月考）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I began college at Denison University, where I would discover the surprising power of small habits for the first time. Before college, I didn’t ___1___ a balance between study and games. When I started college and ___2___ a place on the school baseball team, I decided to get my life in order first. I ___3___ good sleep habits and made a point of keeping my room neat and tidy. These improvements were ___4___, but they gave me a sense of order. I started to feel confident. And this growing ___5___ in myself spread into the classroom as I improved my study habits and got straight A’s during my first year. A habit is a routine or behavior that is ___6___ regularly. As each semester passed, I formed consistent habits that ___7___ led to unimaginable results. For example, I made it a habit to ___8___ weights, and later, my ___9___ went from 170 to 200 pounds. By my junior year, I was ____10____ captain of the school baseball team. But it was not until my senior season that my sleep habits, study habits, and strength-training habits really began to ____11____. I was named to the ESPN All-America Team. By graduation, I was ____12____ the university’s highest academic honor, the President’s Medal. ____13____, there was nothing legendary about my athletic career. I never ended up playing professionally. However, looking back on those years, I believe I ____14____ my potential. The only way I made ____15____ was to start small. 1. A. share B. strike C. spread D. remove 2. A. earned B. found C. listed D. offered 3. A. quit B. broke C. developed D. increased 4. A. minor B. critical C. intense D. profound 5. A. interest B. belief C. indecision D. doubt 6. A. launched B. generated C. identified D. performed 7. A. ultimately B. suddenly C. objectively D. specially 8. A. hold B. settle C. lift D. accumulate 9. A. height B. strength C. capacity D. weight 10. A. voted B. applied C. judged D. praised 11. A. turn out B. settle down C. pay off D. come true 12. A. awarded B. submitted C. subscribed D. defended 13. A. Fortunately B. Probably C. Usually D. Frankly 14. A. observed B. tracked C. absorbed D. fulfilled 15. A. progress B. peace C. trouble D. sense 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. D 15. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己在丹尼森大学的经历。上大学前作者无法平衡学习和娱乐，进入大学后，作者从养成良好的睡眠、整理房间等小习惯开始，逐步培养出各种习惯，这些习惯最终带来了意想不到的好结果，如成为校棒球队队长、获得学术荣誉等，作者借此强调从小事做起、养成小习惯的重要性。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：上大学前，我无法在学习和游戏之间取得平衡。A. share分享；B. strike达成，取得；C. spread传播；D. remove移除。根据下文“a balance between study and games.”可知，无法在学习和游戏之间取得平衡。strike a balance 为固定短语，意为 “取得平衡”，符合语境。故选B。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：上大学后，我在学校棒球队赢得了一席之地，我决定首先让自己的生活井然有序。A. earned赢得，获得；B. found发现；C. listed列出；D. offered提供。根据上文“When I started college”以及下文“a place on the school baseball team”可知，这里指通过自身努力在棒球队获得位置，earn 符合语境。故选A。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我养成了良好的睡眠习惯，并注重保持房间整洁。A. quit 停止；B. broke打破；C. developed养成，发展；D. increased增加。根据下文“good sleep habits”以及“I formed consistent habits”可知，大学作者发生了很大的变化，养成了良好的睡眠习惯。故选C。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些改进虽小，但给了我一种秩序感。A. minor较小的，轻微的；B. critical关键的；C. intense强烈的；D. profound深刻的。从后文“but” 转折可知，这些改进相对较小，minor 符合语境。故选A。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我改进学习习惯并在第一年取得全 A 的成绩，这种日益增长的自信蔓延到了课堂上。A. interest兴趣；B. belief信念，信心；C. indecision犹豫不决；D. doubt怀疑。根据上文“I started to feel confident.”可知，前文提到感到自信，这里指自信蔓延。故选B。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：习惯是一种经常执行的例行公事或行为。A. launched发起；B. generated产生；C. identified识别；D. performed执行，实施。根据上文“A habit is a routine or behavior”可知，习惯是经常执行的行为。故选D。 7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着每个学期的过去，我养成了始终如一的习惯，这些习惯最终带来了难以想象的结果。A. ultimately最终；B. suddenly突然；C. objectively客观地；D. specially特别地。根据下文“led to unimaginable results.”可知，这里强调习惯经过时间积累最终产生结果，ultimately 符合语境。故选A。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，我养成了举重的习惯，后来，我的体重从 170 磅增加到了 200 磅。A. hold持有，握住；B. settle解决，定居；C. lift举起；D. accumulate积累。根据下文“weights”可知，lift weights 表示 “举重”，是固定搭配。故选C。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，我养成了举重的习惯，后来，我的体重从 170 磅增加到了 200 磅。A. height身高；B. strength力量；C. capacity能力，容量；D. weight体重。根据下文“170 to 200 pounds” 可知，说的是体重。故选 D。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到大三时，我被选为学校棒球队队长。A. voted 投票选举；B. applied 申请；C. judged判断；D. praised表扬。根据下文“captain of the school baseball team”可知，被选为学校棒球队队长。故选A。 11. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但直到我大四赛季，我的睡眠习惯、学习习惯和力量训练习惯才真正开始有回报。A. turn out结果是；B. settle down定居，安定下来；C. pay off取得成功，有回报；D. come true实现（梦想等）。根据下文“I was named to the ESPN All-America Team.”可知，这里指之前养成的习惯开始带来好的结果，有回报，pay off 符合语境。故选C。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕业时，我被授予大学的最高学术荣誉 —— 校长奖章。A. awarded授予；B. submitted提交；C. subscribed订阅；D. defended辩护。根据上文“I was named”以及下文“the university’s highest academic honor”可知，被授予大学的最高学术荣誉。故选A。 13. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：坦率地说，我的运动生涯并没有什么传奇之处。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Probably可能地；C. Usually通常；D. Frankly坦率地。这里作者坦率地评价自己的运动生涯，frankly 符合语境。故选D。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，回顾那些年，我相信我发挥了自己的潜力。A. observed观察；B. tracked追踪；C. absorbed吸收；D. fulfilled履行，实现，发挥。根据下文“my potential.”可知，作者发挥了自己的潜力。故选D。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我取得进步的唯一途径就是从小事做起。A. progress进步；B. peace和平；C. trouble麻烦；D. sense感觉。根据上文“I formed consistent habits”以及“I was named to the ESPN All-America Team. By graduation, I was...the university’s highest academic honor, the President’s Medal.”可知，作者通过养成小习惯取得了各方面的进步。故选A。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 11 / 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $