Unit1 No Limits（单元测试·基础卷）英语沪教版2020必修第二册

2025-2026学年高一必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 1 ·基础卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a restaurant. B. In a library. C. In an office. D. In a classroom. 2. A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student. C. Boss and employee. D. Shop assistant and customer. 3. A. The sunsets he enjoyed at home. B. What he viewed at an art exhibition. C. What he saw during a trip. D. The beauty of the sky at night. 4. A. The man's project. B. The woman's research. C. Environmental science. D. Renewable energy solutions. 5. A. They are discussing how to keep fit. B. They are challenging a tough guy. C. They are deciding which path to choose. D. They are engaging in a hiking activity. 6. A. The new apartment. B. A shopping center. C. A leather factory. D. The central bank. 7. A. She's confident about her chances on the test. B. She's much worried about tomorrow's math test. C. She needs more time to prepare for the test. D. She will focus more on maths after the test. 8. A. To discuss the future plan. B. To reflect on their strategies. C. To estimate how much the sales can be boosted. D. To talk about the woman's ideas to increase sales. 9. A. She is able to suggest a few books for the man. B. She has written some books on ancient Greece. C. She is glad the man is interested in Greek history. D. She will mail the books to the man over the weekend. 10. A. The benefits of the software has been widely known. B. The update has not yet been financially supported. C. The man has not used the new software update. D. The man doubts if the update can increase efficiency. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. Now you have 30 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. 11. A. The economic benefits of desert resources. B. The history and culture of desert communities. C. The advancements in technology to exploit deserts. D. The damage to deserts and possible solutions. 12. A. Increased frequency of dust storms. B. Introduction of non-native animal species. C. Air pollution from power generation. D. Overuse of solar energy. 13. A. Management of desert resources and turning to technology. B. Relocation of communities and large-scale tree planting. C. Overseeing clean energy use and constructing mines. D. Increasing tourism and building more barriers. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. Now you have 30 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. 14. A. How a robot is used to help students with a mental illness. B. How students with a mental illness get assistance at home. C. How important interaction is for students with mental illnesses. D. How mental illnesses affect students in different ways. 15. A. With planning advice. B. By monitoring students' changing emotions. C. By taking part in activities with students. D. With academic skills. 16. A. Those once unsociable are interacting more with others. B. Students are more willing to design school activities. C. The results of the trial can be widely applied. D. Students have developed a greater interest in technology. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Now you have 40 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. 17. A. Length, timing and benefits of napping. B. Definition, workings and results of napping. C. Why we should take sleep cycles seriously. D. Why we should know the science behind napping. 18. A. No longer than 10 minutes. B. Between 10 to 20 minutes. C. Between 20 to 30 minutes. D. From 30 minutes to an hour. 19. A. We will find it harder to awaken. B. We will feel tired after waking up. C. We will enter a light stage of sleep. D. We will have many more dreams. 20. A. They will receive more responses from others. B. They needn't bother to seek information. C. They will not lose memory as they get older. D. They are better able to react to unexpected events. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Future living: what will the home of tomorrow look like? What will our homes be like in the future? Growing cities, shrinking living spaces, and climate change are major challenges 21 (face) urban planners and architects. We’re sharing three trends with you 22 will shape the home we live in tomorrow. Energy efficient and carbon neutral One of the greatest challenges for homes of the future is our increasing energy consumption, something that cannot be covered by fossil fuels going forward. 23 the impact of climate change becoming notable, it’s perfectly understandable that the buildings of the future could function as environmentally friendly power plants. Solar collectors and heat storage systems allow 24 are known as ‘plus-energy buildings’ to produce 100 percent renewable energy for emission-free operation. The trend to downsizing Living more efficiently not only means improving energy use and reducing one’s own carbon footprint, but also building to save space. Rooms 25 (design) to be multifunctional when there’s not a dedicated room available for every potential purpose. Modular and flexible furnishing systems that can be adapted to the individual floor space and room zones will replace 26 (fix) structures, ensuring that there’s room for everything even in a small space.   Trends for living and working under one roof Over the last few months, the office 27 (become) a feature in many people’s homes. For a number of years now, the home office has been evolving from a make-do desk into a comfortable long-term solution. This development means we need to ask 28 how we should construct our living spaces to allow us to concentrate and work productively.   29 you rent or own your own home in the future, what’s clear is that the home of tomorrow will be smarter, more flexible, and more sustainable. It will offer us space 30 (live), sleep and work both indoors and outdoors. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Today’s children are exhausted, and not just because one in three kids is not getting enough sleep. Sleep deprivation in kids (who require at least nine hours a night, depending on age) has been found to 31 decrease academic achievement, lower intelligence test scores, slow physical growth, and 32 to moodiness and irritability. While the argument for protecting our children’s sleep time is convincing, there is another kind of rest that is 33 and beneficial to our children’s academic, emotional, and creative lives: daydreaming. Not all mental downtime (停工休息期) is alike, of course. Downtime spent playing a videogame or watching a television show may have its 34 , but the kind of downtime I am talking about is different. I’m talking about the kind of mind-wandering that happens when the brain is free of interruption and allowed to get rid of the 35 of the day. Television, video games, and other electronic 36 prevent this kind of mental wandering because they interrupt the flow of thoughts and memories that 37 the foundation of positive, productive daydreaming. There is, however, another way of looking at mind wandering. For the individual, mind wandering offers the possibility of very real, personal reward, some immediate, some more 38 . These rewards include self-awareness, memory consolidation, future planning, simulating the 39 of another person, evaluating the implications of self and others’ emotional reactions, moral reasoning. In other words, daydreaming only seems lazy from the outside, but viewed from the inside or from the perspective of a psychologist, such as Kaufman, or a neuroscientist, such as Mary Helen, a complicated and extremely 40 neurological process is taking place. Viewed from the inside, our children are exploring the only space where they truly have autonomy: their own minds. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context People who live in cities are starting to get a lot more information to help plan their daily lives. Smarter City systems are telling residents about traffic jams, the time the next bus will arrive, the 41 for flooding, and other useful updates. This is happening because cities are 42 the streams of information from sensors to manage urban systems better. The number of 43 like these sensors will reach 50 billion by 2020. Cities are 44 systems of systems that have always generated vast amounts of information. Information flowing in from many small subsystems, such as local flood catch-basins, is integrated with other 45 to provide guidance on the overall operation of a city. This integrated data, from such systems of systems, is then given to city administrators in useful formats that can change 46 for the better. 47 , in many cities, the coming population growth will challenge even the most skilled city managers, and the old infrastructure of many such cities is not equipped with the ability to gather the data needed to 48 city operations. Despite the seeming 49 of data gathering infrastructure, another option exists considering the shift from desktop computing to mobile devices and tablets. Mobile technology has 50 dramatically in the past decade to the point where a lightweight smartphone may gather all kinds of data, such as its location, local temperature and background noise levels. Furthermore, in the near future, additional 51 are easily imagined, where sensors will be able to detect chemical pollution, local lighting conditions, vibration levels, and more. This will enable a new era where citizens are able to participate in city management, where the very data required to improve city operations is in part 52 provided by its citizens via smartphone apps. It also raises complex 53 issues that must be dealt with as we face this new era, but similarly provides opportunities for the citizens to play an active role in the improvement of their 54 , not only in the reporting of critical environmental and transportation data, but in taking an active role in solving the problems they have encountered. It will be a(n) 55 and informed effort, with information technology enabling social transformation, to address the growing challenges facing our cities in the coming decades. 41．A．reason B．potential C．hope D．occasion 42．A．upgrading B．enlarging C．altering D．employing 43．A．systems B．applications C．devices D．guides 44．A．identical B．complex C．reduced D．recycling 45．A．sources B．users C．overseers D．means 46．A．city living B．urban planning C．traffic flow D．basic facilities 47．A．Therefore B．Besides C．However D．Thus 48．A．guide B．apply C．advise D．order 49．A．specialty B．need C．decrease D．lack 50．A．decreased B．reformed C．advanced D．increased 51．A．talents B．capabilities C．qualities D．performances 52．A．accidentally B．surprisingly C．willingly D．determinedly 53．A．confidential B．efficiency C．biological D．social 54．A．community B．performance C．unity D．recreation 55．A．cost-effective B．unconscious C．demanding D．cooperative Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Last summer, I embarked on an adventure that I will never forget. My friends and I decided to go hiking in the remote mountains, which we had once explored for the collection of samples for our scientific research. Located far away from the hustle and bustle of the city, the mountains appeal to us hikers by the unique scenery. We packed our bags with essentials and set off early in the morning. The hike started off smoothly. The sun was shining, the birds were singing, and the air was crisp and clean. We followed the trail, chatting and laughing as we went along. However, little did we know that our peaceful hike was about to take a dramatic turn. As we climbed higher, the trail became more difficult to follow. The map we had seemed outdated, and the compass wasn’t cooperating. Suddenly, we realized we were lost. Panic began to set in, but we quickly reminded ourselves to stay calm and think of a solution. We decided to find a safe spot to rest and reassess our situation. After a short search, we found a small cave nearby, which provided some shelter from the sun. Inside the cave, we gathered our thoughts and discussed our options. One of my friends suggested we backtrack along the trail, but another thought we should keep going forward in hopes of finding a trail or a landmark we could recognize. In the end, we decided to take a gamble and continue forward. We marked our path with stones and branches to ensure we could backtrack if necessary. As we walked, we kept our eyes peeled for any signs of civilization or a familiar trail. Hours passed, and the sun began to set. Our spirits were low, and our energy was decreasing. Just when we thought all hope was lost, we spotted a faint light in the distance. With renewed determination, we hurried towards it. As we got closer, we realized it was a small mountain hut, occupied by a friendly old man. He welcomed us in, offered us food and water, and listened to our story. With his help, we were able to find our way back to the main trail the next morning. Looking back on that adventure, I realize how important it is to stay calm and think clearly in difficult situations. It was a challenging experience, but it also taught me valuable lessons about teamwork, perseverance, and the importance of preparation. 56．What was the purpose of the author’s trip? A．To visit a friend in the remote mountains. B．To relax himself by hiking in the remote mountains. C．To collect samples for a scientific study. D．To take photographs of the unique scenery. 57．Which of the following item is most likely to be the “essentials” mentioned by the author in paragraph 1? A．Makeups B．Laptops C．Compasses D．Headphones 58．What did the author and his friends do after finding a safe spot to rest? A．They waited for help to arrive. B．They slept for a few hours to regain energy. C．They discussed their options and made a plan. D．They decided to hike back down the mountain immediately. 59．What did the old man in the mountain hut do for the author and his friends? A．He guided them back to the main trail. B．He provided them with food and shelter C．He called for rescue services. D．He offered them medical assistance. (B) Moving can be terrifying — whether it’s to a new city or an entirely new country. The good news? Volunteering can be a great way to settle into a new community, meet people, and learn valuable skills. That’s why we’re spotlighting Kajal Patil, a volunteer who recently moved and found volunteer opportunities on VolunteerMatch to make an impact in her new community. Kajal moved to the United States from India in February 2017. Having previously volunteered for two years as an assistant yoga teacher in her home country, Kajal was enthusiastic about volunteering and began looking for volunteer opportunities that match her interests on VolunteerMatch. “I enjoy volunteering and it’s great to have such meaningful experiences in life,” says Kajal. Kajal was drawn to a volunteer opportunity with the Meridian International Center to review applications on behalf of the Young Leaders of the Americas Initiative (YLAI). Kajal had previous experience working with the markets candidates were applying from, and the position also afforded her the opportunity to work remotely. After connecting with the opportunity on VolunteerMatch and successfully completing the application process, Kajal got to work. Her role involved reviewing 44 in-depth applications from potential candidates across Latin America and the Caribbean for a four-week fellowship in the U. S. She was responsible for describing the business ideas presented by these candidates, assessing the social impact of their businesses, and determining the strength of candidates to carry out their plans. With almost 4, 000 applicants in 2017, Meridian International Center considers volunteers like Kajal to be integral members of the team. With help from volunteers, 250 candidates have now been selected to take part in the program and will travel to the U. S. this fall. Kajal says that this volunteer opportunity super-charged her existing skills, while helping her build new ones such as time management, business analysis, decision-making, planning, and presenting. She is now looking for her next volunteer opportunity and reflects positively on her experience with Meridian International Center, “A new country brings in a lot of new experiences and volunteering helped me to settle into a new environment,” adds Kajal. “By helping others, I felt needed in society. Not only did it boost my self-esteem, other people benefited too. Volunteering is a great opportunity to improve yourself, others, and the whole society”. Whether you recently moved to a new place or are looking to make an impact in your current community, find a volunteer opportunity to empower yourself — and others — on VolunteerMatch. 60．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of volunteering in a new community? A．Volunteering helps newcomers adapt to a new community. B．Volunteering offers opportunities to polish existing skills C．Volunteering enables people to acquire valuable professional skills. D．Volunteering allows people to make friends all over the world. 61．One of the reasons why Kajal chose to work with the Meridian International Center was that _________. A．she had experience working with candidates B．she was allowed to work wherever she wanted C．the working time of the job was quite flexible D．she was good at summarizing business ideas 62．What can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4? A．Kajal considered this volunteer role to be both challenging and rewarding. B．Volunteers like Kajal played an important part in the success of the program. C．Kajal felt that helping others was more important than self-improvement. D．The Meridian International Center relied entirely on volunteers to manage applications. (C) To be honest. I’ve been missing the online shopping experience in China since I moved to the US four years ago. So when I noticed Shein becoming mainstream in the US over the past few years, I though, Great! I finally have a Taohao replacement! So I went on my first Shein journey in August 2022. But somewhere along the way, I started questioning why I enjoy this particular kind of shopping, and also what it means for an e-commerce platform to offer endless deals. To be fair, there are Shein purchases that I’ve really enjoyed, like a $2 nylon watchband that feels better than my original Apple Watch band. I also think people should be able to choose quantity and price over quality, because the idea of demanding that people only buy premium products feels unrealistic. But as it turns out, I’ve finally started to see through the illusion (错觉) of Shein-like platforms. To get these occasional incredible deals, you are encouraged to shop much more than is necessary or even reasonable. This illusion has worked for a long time and for a lot of people, including me! But it’s become harder and harder to ignore the environmental consequences of my purchases, and the ways in which platforms trick people into buying more and more. And I don’t think I’m the only one experiencing that awakening. Broadly speaking, I think society is slowly but surely shifting toward recognizing the climate impact of mass-produced cheap goods. While these conversations have yet to happen as widely and furiously in China, companies like Taobao and Shein will inevitably have to answer the question of whether their business model is sustainable for everyone—or only for themselves. So where are they beading from here? There’s certainly a lot of soul-searching for the industry to do. And I’m doing some soul-searching of my own. 1．Why does the author mention a “$2 nylon watchband”? A．To compare it with her original band. B．To persuade readers to buy it. C．To show her satisfaction with Shein. D．To show its cheapness. 2．What does the underlined word “premium” mean in the third paragraph? A．High-quantity. B．Expensive. C．High-quality. D．Original. 3．What do the customers tend to do with the illusion of Shein-like platforms? A．They get incredible products on sale. B．They often buy much more than what they need. C．They ignore the environmental impacts. D．They are tricked into buying more and more reasonable products. 4．What is a consequence of endless deals in e-commerce platforms? A．Environmental harm. B．Price reduction. C．Energy shortage. D．Worldwide starvation. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Not All Waste Has to Go to Waste Most of the world’s 2.22 billion tons of annual trash ends up in landfills or open dumps. Veena Sahajwalla, a materials scientist and engineer at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, has created a solution to our massive trash problem: waste microfactories. There little trash processors — some as small as 500 square feet — house a series of machines that recycle waste and transform it into new materials with the new technology. 67 Sahajwalla launched the world’s first waste micro factory targeting electronic waste, or e-waste, in 2018 in Sydney. A second one began recycling plastics in 2019. Now, her lab group is working with university and industry partners to commercialize their patented microfactory technology. 68 The approach will also allow cities to recycle waste into new products on location, avoiding the long, often international, high-emission treks between recycling processors and manufacturing plants. With a microfactory, gone are the days of needing separate facilities to collect and store materials, extract elements and produce new products. 69 Her invention evolves this idea by taking materials from an old product and creating something different. “The kids don’t look like the parents,” she says. For example, the microfactory can break down old smartphones and computer monitors and extract silica (from the glass) and carbon (from the plastic casing), and then combine them together. This generates a common material with many industrial uses. 70 In 2019, just 17.4 percent of e-waste was recycled, so they ability to re-form offers a crucial new development in the challenge recycling complex electronic devices. “We can do so much more with materials,” says Sahajwalla. A．Traditional recycling has not worked for every recycling challenge, especially the recycling of e-waste. B．She says the small scale of the machines will make it easier for them to one day operate on renewable energy, unlike most large manufacturing plants. C．Sahajwalla refers to this process as “the fourth R”, adding “re-form” to the common phrase “reduce, rouse, recycle.” D．Electronics contains various poisonous chemicals and materials that are released into the environments if they are not dealt with properly. E．The new all-in-one approach could leave our current recycling processes in the dust. F．Traditionally, recycling plants break down materials for reuse in similar products — like melting down plastic to make more plastic things. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Brain Hunger Do you ever feel like no matter how much you eat, you are still not full? You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food. What are the underlying causes of brain hunger? Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. Some people have this gene variation that does not allow for a normal dopamine release in response to things that typically would bring joy and pleasure, including food. This means that those individuals won’t get the same “high” feeling they would normally experience when eating. Obesity is also linked to brain hunger. Brain scans of obese individuals show changes in dopamine signaling pathways which can lead to less recognition of the feeling of being full even after a meal. While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected. Studies show that certain areas of the brain responsible for sensing fullness do not change even with weight loss, which could lead to continued hunger and weight regain. So, what came first: genetics or obesity that cause this brain signaling change? It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full. Brain hunger can be an uncomfortable and frustrating condition, but it is possible to manage through a combination of treatments. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72. 对油画感兴趣的人们能够在网上得到美术馆的免费票。（available）(汉译英) 73. 这篇知名网红撰写的文章里，错误比比皆是，但该文因一个细节而深深印入我脑海。(by virtue of) (汉译英) 74. 为了避免长途驾驶带来的疲劳，我们三个人轮流开车。(turn n.)(汉译英) 75. 郊外露营让青少年感受到大自然的神奇。(enable) (汉译英) VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的高中生张华，在本期学校英语报的“TROUBLESHOOTER (排忧解难)”专栏读到James的来信(内容如下)。你通过该专栏给James写一封回信，提供建议，帮助他改变父母的看法，你的回信须包括： (1)你的建议； (2)你的理由。 TroubleshooterI’ve been feeling quite frustrated lately because my parents don’t support me in participating in volunteer activities. They believe that my time should be fully dedicated to studying and preparing for college entrance exams. How can I change their mind? —James ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高一必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 1 ·基础卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a restaurant. B. In a library. C. In an office. D. In a classroom. 2. A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student. C. Boss and employee. D. Shop assistant and customer. 3. A. The sunsets he enjoyed at home. B. What he viewed at an art exhibition. C. What he saw during a trip. D. The beauty of the sky at night. 4. A. The man's project. B. The woman's research. C. Environmental science. D. Renewable energy solutions. 5. A. They are discussing how to keep fit. B. They are challenging a tough guy. C. They are deciding which path to choose. D. They are engaging in a hiking activity. 6. A. The new apartment. B. A shopping center. C. A leather factory. D. The central bank. 7. A. She's confident about her chances on the test. B. She's much worried about tomorrow's math test. C. She needs more time to prepare for the test. D. She will focus more on maths after the test. 8. A. To discuss the future plan. B. To reflect on their strategies. C. To estimate how much the sales can be boosted. D. To talk about the woman's ideas to increase sales. 9. A. She is able to suggest a few books for the man. B. She has written some books on ancient Greece. C. She is glad the man is interested in Greek history. D. She will mail the books to the man over the weekend. 10. A. The benefits of the software has been widely known. B. The update has not yet been financially supported. C. The man has not used the new software update. D. The man doubts if the update can increase efficiency. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. Now you have 30 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. 11. A. The economic benefits of desert resources. B. The history and culture of desert communities. C. The advancements in technology to exploit deserts. D. The damage to deserts and possible solutions. 12. A. Increased frequency of dust storms. B. Introduction of non-native animal species. C. Air pollution from power generation. D. Overuse of solar energy. 13. A. Management of desert resources and turning to technology. B. Relocation of communities and large-scale tree planting. C. Overseeing clean energy use and constructing mines. D. Increasing tourism and building more barriers. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. Now you have 30 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. 14. A. How a robot is used to help students with a mental illness. B. How students with a mental illness get assistance at home. C. How important interaction is for students with mental illnesses. D. How mental illnesses affect students in different ways. 15. A. With planning advice. B. By monitoring students' changing emotions. C. By taking part in activities with students. D. With academic skills. 16. A. Those once unsociable are interacting more with others. B. Students are more willing to design school activities. C. The results of the trial can be widely applied. D. Students have developed a greater interest in technology. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Now you have 40 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. 17. A. Length, timing and benefits of napping. B. Definition, workings and results of napping. C. Why we should take sleep cycles seriously. D. Why we should know the science behind napping. 18. A. No longer than 10 minutes. B. Between 10 to 20 minutes. C. Between 20 to 30 minutes. D. From 30 minutes to an hour. 19. A. We will find it harder to awaken. B. We will feel tired after waking up. C. We will enter a light stage of sleep. D. We will have many more dreams. 20. A. They will receive more responses from others. B. They needn't bother to seek information. C. They will not lose memory as they get older. D. They are better able to react to unexpected events. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Future living: what will the home of tomorrow look like? What will our homes be like in the future? Growing cities, shrinking living spaces, and climate change are major challenges 21 (face) urban planners and architects. We’re sharing three trends with you 22 will shape the home we live in tomorrow. Energy efficient and carbon neutral One of the greatest challenges for homes of the future is our increasing energy consumption, something that cannot be covered by fossil fuels going forward. 23 the impact of climate change becoming notable, it’s perfectly understandable that the buildings of the future could function as environmentally friendly power plants. Solar collectors and heat storage systems allow 24 are known as ‘plus-energy buildings’ to produce 100 percent renewable energy for emission-free operation. The trend to downsizing Living more efficiently not only means improving energy use and reducing one’s own carbon footprint, but also building to save space. Rooms 25 (design) to be multifunctional when there’s not a dedicated room available for every potential purpose. Modular and flexible furnishing systems that can be adapted to the individual floor space and room zones will replace 26 (fix) structures, ensuring that there’s room for everything even in a small space.   Trends for living and working under one roof Over the last few months, the office 27 (become) a feature in many people’s homes. For a number of years now, the home office has been evolving from a make-do desk into a comfortable long-term solution. This development means we need to ask 28 how we should construct our living spaces to allow us to concentrate and work productively.   29 you rent or own your own home in the future, what’s clear is that the home of tomorrow will be smarter, more flexible, and more sustainable. It will offer us space 30 (live), sleep and work both indoors and outdoors. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Today’s children are exhausted, and not just because one in three kids is not getting enough sleep. Sleep deprivation in kids (who require at least nine hours a night, depending on age) has been found to 31 decrease academic achievement, lower intelligence test scores, slow physical growth, and 32 to moodiness and irritability. While the argument for protecting our children’s sleep time is convincing, there is another kind of rest that is 33 and beneficial to our children’s academic, emotional, and creative lives: daydreaming. Not all mental downtime (停工休息期) is alike, of course. Downtime spent playing a videogame or watching a television show may have its 34 , but the kind of downtime I am talking about is different. I’m talking about the kind of mind-wandering that happens when the brain is free of interruption and allowed to get rid of the 35 of the day. Television, video games, and other electronic 36 prevent this kind of mental wandering because they interrupt the flow of thoughts and memories that 37 the foundation of positive, productive daydreaming. There is, however, another way of looking at mind wandering. For the individual, mind wandering offers the possibility of very real, personal reward, some immediate, some more 38 . These rewards include self-awareness, memory consolidation, future planning, simulating the 39 of another person, evaluating the implications of self and others’ emotional reactions, moral reasoning. In other words, daydreaming only seems lazy from the outside, but viewed from the inside or from the perspective of a psychologist, such as Kaufman, or a neuroscientist, such as Mary Helen, a complicated and extremely 40 neurological process is taking place. Viewed from the inside, our children are exploring the only space where they truly have autonomy: their own minds. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context People who live in cities are starting to get a lot more information to help plan their daily lives. Smarter City systems are telling residents about traffic jams, the time the next bus will arrive, the 41 for flooding, and other useful updates. This is happening because cities are 42 the streams of information from sensors to manage urban systems better. The number of 43 like these sensors will reach 50 billion by 2020. Cities are 44 systems of systems that have always generated vast amounts of information. Information flowing in from many small subsystems, such as local flood catch-basins, is integrated with other 45 to provide guidance on the overall operation of a city. This integrated data, from such systems of systems, is then given to city administrators in useful formats that can change 46 for the better. 47 , in many cities, the coming population growth will challenge even the most skilled city managers, and the old infrastructure of many such cities is not equipped with the ability to gather the data needed to 48 city operations. Despite the seeming 49 of data gathering infrastructure, another option exists considering the shift from desktop computing to mobile devices and tablets. Mobile technology has 50 dramatically in the past decade to the point where a lightweight smartphone may gather all kinds of data, such as its location, local temperature and background noise levels. Furthermore, in the near future, additional 51 are easily imagined, where sensors will be able to detect chemical pollution, local lighting conditions, vibration levels, and more. This will enable a new era where citizens are able to participate in city management, where the very data required to improve city operations is in part 52 provided by its citizens via smartphone apps. It also raises complex 53 issues that must be dealt with as we face this new era, but similarly provides opportunities for the citizens to play an active role in the improvement of their 54 , not only in the reporting of critical environmental and transportation data, but in taking an active role in solving the problems they have encountered. It will be a(n) 55 and informed effort, with information technology enabling social transformation, to address the growing challenges facing our cities in the coming decades. 41．A．reason B．potential C．hope D．occasion 42．A．upgrading B．enlarging C．altering D．employing 43．A．systems B．applications C．devices D．guides 44．A．identical B．complex C．reduced D．recycling 45．A．sources B．users C．overseers D．means 46．A．city living B．urban planning C．traffic flow D．basic facilities 47．A．Therefore B．Besides C．However D．Thus 48．A．guide B．apply C．advise D．order 49．A．specialty B．need C．decrease D．lack 50．A．decreased B．reformed C．advanced D．increased 51．A．talents B．capabilities C．qualities D．performances 52．A．accidentally B．surprisingly C．willingly D．determinedly 53．A．confidential B．efficiency C．biological D．social 54．A．community B．performance C．unity D．recreation 55．A．cost-effective B．unconscious C．demanding D．cooperative Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Last summer, I embarked on an adventure that I will never forget. My friends and I decided to go hiking in the remote mountains, which we had once explored for the collection of samples for our scientific research. Located far away from the hustle and bustle of the city, the mountains appeal to us hikers by the unique scenery. We packed our bags with essentials and set off early in the morning. The hike started off smoothly. The sun was shining, the birds were singing, and the air was crisp and clean. We followed the trail, chatting and laughing as we went along. However, little did we know that our peaceful hike was about to take a dramatic turn. As we climbed higher, the trail became more difficult to follow. The map we had seemed outdated, and the compass wasn’t cooperating. Suddenly, we realized we were lost. Panic began to set in, but we quickly reminded ourselves to stay calm and think of a solution. We decided to find a safe spot to rest and reassess our situation. After a short search, we found a small cave nearby, which provided some shelter from the sun. Inside the cave, we gathered our thoughts and discussed our options. One of my friends suggested we backtrack along the trail, but another thought we should keep going forward in hopes of finding a trail or a landmark we could recognize. In the end, we decided to take a gamble and continue forward. We marked our path with stones and branches to ensure we could backtrack if necessary. As we walked, we kept our eyes peeled for any signs of civilization or a familiar trail. Hours passed, and the sun began to set. Our spirits were low, and our energy was decreasing. Just when we thought all hope was lost, we spotted a faint light in the distance. With renewed determination, we hurried towards it. As we got closer, we realized it was a small mountain hut, occupied by a friendly old man. He welcomed us in, offered us food and water, and listened to our story. With his help, we were able to find our way back to the main trail the next morning. Looking back on that adventure, I realize how important it is to stay calm and think clearly in difficult situations. It was a challenging experience, but it also taught me valuable lessons about teamwork, perseverance, and the importance of preparation. 56．What was the purpose of the author’s trip? A．To visit a friend in the remote mountains. B．To relax himself by hiking in the remote mountains. C．To collect samples for a scientific study. D．To take photographs of the unique scenery. 57．Which of the following item is most likely to be the “essentials” mentioned by the author in paragraph 1? A．Makeups B．Laptops C．Compasses D．Headphones 58．What did the author and his friends do after finding a safe spot to rest? A．They waited for help to arrive. B．They slept for a few hours to regain energy. C．They discussed their options and made a plan. D．They decided to hike back down the mountain immediately. 59．What did the old man in the mountain hut do for the author and his friends? A．He guided them back to the main trail. B．He provided them with food and shelter C．He called for rescue services. D．He offered them medical assistance. (B) Moving can be terrifying — whether it’s to a new city or an entirely new country. The good news? Volunteering can be a great way to settle into a new community, meet people, and learn valuable skills. That’s why we’re spotlighting Kajal Patil, a volunteer who recently moved and found volunteer opportunities on VolunteerMatch to make an impact in her new community. Kajal moved to the United States from India in February 2017. Having previously volunteered for two years as an assistant yoga teacher in her home country, Kajal was enthusiastic about volunteering and began looking for volunteer opportunities that match her interests on VolunteerMatch. “I enjoy volunteering and it’s great to have such meaningful experiences in life,” says Kajal. Kajal was drawn to a volunteer opportunity with the Meridian International Center to review applications on behalf of the Young Leaders of the Americas Initiative (YLAI). Kajal had previous experience working with the markets candidates were applying from, and the position also afforded her the opportunity to work remotely. After connecting with the opportunity on VolunteerMatch and successfully completing the application process, Kajal got to work. Her role involved reviewing 44 in-depth applications from potential candidates across Latin America and the Caribbean for a four-week fellowship in the U. S. She was responsible for describing the business ideas presented by these candidates, assessing the social impact of their businesses, and determining the strength of candidates to carry out their plans. With almost 4, 000 applicants in 2017, Meridian International Center considers volunteers like Kajal to be integral members of the team. With help from volunteers, 250 candidates have now been selected to take part in the program and will travel to the U. S. this fall. Kajal says that this volunteer opportunity super-charged her existing skills, while helping her build new ones such as time management, business analysis, decision-making, planning, and presenting. She is now looking for her next volunteer opportunity and reflects positively on her experience with Meridian International Center, “A new country brings in a lot of new experiences and volunteering helped me to settle into a new environment,” adds Kajal. “By helping others, I felt needed in society. Not only did it boost my self-esteem, other people benefited too. Volunteering is a great opportunity to improve yourself, others, and the whole society”. Whether you recently moved to a new place or are looking to make an impact in your current community, find a volunteer opportunity to empower yourself — and others — on VolunteerMatch. 60．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of volunteering in a new community? A．Volunteering helps newcomers adapt to a new community. B．Volunteering offers opportunities to polish existing skills C．Volunteering enables people to acquire valuable professional skills. D．Volunteering allows people to make friends all over the world. 61．One of the reasons why Kajal chose to work with the Meridian International Center was that _________. A．she had experience working with candidates B．she was allowed to work wherever she wanted C．the working time of the job was quite flexible D．she was good at summarizing business ideas 62．What can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4? A．Kajal considered this volunteer role to be both challenging and rewarding. B．Volunteers like Kajal played an important part in the success of the program. C．Kajal felt that helping others was more important than self-improvement. D．The Meridian International Center relied entirely on volunteers to manage applications. (C) To be honest. I’ve been missing the online shopping experience in China since I moved to the US four years ago. So when I noticed Shein becoming mainstream in the US over the past few years, I though, Great! I finally have a Taohao replacement! So I went on my first Shein journey in August 2022. But somewhere along the way, I started questioning why I enjoy this particular kind of shopping, and also what it means for an e-commerce platform to offer endless deals. To be fair, there are Shein purchases that I’ve really enjoyed, like a $2 nylon watchband that feels better than my original Apple Watch band. I also think people should be able to choose quantity and price over quality, because the idea of demanding that people only buy premium products feels unrealistic. But as it turns out, I’ve finally started to see through the illusion (错觉) of Shein-like platforms. To get these occasional incredible deals, you are encouraged to shop much more than is necessary or even reasonable. This illusion has worked for a long time and for a lot of people, including me! But it’s become harder and harder to ignore the environmental consequences of my purchases, and the ways in which platforms trick people into buying more and more. And I don’t think I’m the only one experiencing that awakening. Broadly speaking, I think society is slowly but surely shifting toward recognizing the climate impact of mass-produced cheap goods. While these conversations have yet to happen as widely and furiously in China, companies like Taobao and Shein will inevitably have to answer the question of whether their business model is sustainable for everyone—or only for themselves. So where are they beading from here? There’s certainly a lot of soul-searching for the industry to do. And I’m doing some soul-searching of my own. 1．Why does the author mention a “$2 nylon watchband”? A．To compare it with her original band. B．To persuade readers to buy it. C．To show her satisfaction with Shein. D．To show its cheapness. 2．What does the underlined word “premium” mean in the third paragraph? A．High-quantity. B．Expensive. C．High-quality. D．Original. 3．What do the customers tend to do with the illusion of Shein-like platforms? A．They get incredible products on sale. B．They often buy much more than what they need. C．They ignore the environmental impacts. D．They are tricked into buying more and more reasonable products. 4．What is a consequence of endless deals in e-commerce platforms? A．Environmental harm. B．Price reduction. C．Energy shortage. D．Worldwide starvation. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Not All Waste Has to Go to Waste Most of the world’s 2.22 billion tons of annual trash ends up in landfills or open dumps. Veena Sahajwalla, a materials scientist and engineer at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, has created a solution to our massive trash problem: waste microfactories. There little trash processors — some as small as 500 square feet — house a series of machines that recycle waste and transform it into new materials with the new technology. 67 Sahajwalla launched the world’s first waste micro factory targeting electronic waste, or e-waste, in 2018 in Sydney. A second one began recycling plastics in 2019. Now, her lab group is working with university and industry partners to commercialize their patented microfactory technology. 68 The approach will also allow cities to recycle waste into new products on location, avoiding the long, often international, high-emission treks between recycling processors and manufacturing plants. With a microfactory, gone are the days of needing separate facilities to collect and store materials, extract elements and produce new products. 69 Her invention evolves this idea by taking materials from an old product and creating something different. “The kids don’t look like the parents,” she says. For example, the microfactory can break down old smartphones and computer monitors and extract silica (from the glass) and carbon (from the plastic casing), and then combine them together. This generates a common material with many industrial uses. 70 In 2019, just 17.4 percent of e-waste was recycled, so they ability to re-form offers a crucial new development in the challenge recycling complex electronic devices. “We can do so much more with materials,” says Sahajwalla. A．Traditional recycling has not worked for every recycling challenge, especially the recycling of e-waste. B．She says the small scale of the machines will make it easier for them to one day operate on renewable energy, unlike most large manufacturing plants. C．Sahajwalla refers to this process as “the fourth R”, adding “re-form” to the common phrase “reduce, rouse, recycle.” D．Electronics contains various poisonous chemicals and materials that are released into the environments if they are not dealt with properly. E．The new all-in-one approach could leave our current recycling processes in the dust. F．Traditionally, recycling plants break down materials for reuse in similar products — like melting down plastic to make more plastic things. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Brain Hunger Do you ever feel like no matter how much you eat, you are still not full? You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food. What are the underlying causes of brain hunger? Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. Some people have this gene variation that does not allow for a normal dopamine release in response to things that typically would bring joy and pleasure, including food. This means that those individuals won’t get the same “high” feeling they would normally experience when eating. Obesity is also linked to brain hunger. Brain scans of obese individuals show changes in dopamine signaling pathways which can lead to less recognition of the feeling of being full even after a meal. While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected. Studies show that certain areas of the brain responsible for sensing fullness do not change even with weight loss, which could lead to continued hunger and weight regain. So, what came first: genetics or obesity that cause this brain signaling change? It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full. Brain hunger can be an uncomfortable and frustrating condition, but it is possible to manage through a combination of treatments. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72. 对油画感兴趣的人们能够在网上得到美术馆的免费票。（available）(汉译英) 73. 这篇知名网红撰写的文章里，错误比比皆是，但该文因一个细节而深深印入我脑海。(by virtue of) (汉译英) 74. 为了避免长途驾驶带来的疲劳，我们三个人轮流开车。(turn n.)(汉译英) 75. 郊外露营让青少年感受到大自然的神奇。(enable) (汉译英) VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的高中生张华，在本期学校英语报的“TROUBLESHOOTER (排忧解难)”专栏读到James的来信(内容如下)。你通过该专栏给James写一封回信，提供建议，帮助他改变父母的看法，你的回信须包括： (1)你的建议； (2)你的理由。 TroubleshooterI’ve been feeling quite frustrated lately because my parents don’t support me in participating in volunteer activities. They believe that my time should be fully dedicated to studying and preparing for college entrance exams. How can I change their mind? —James ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $One listening comprehension section a directions. In section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation and the question about IT, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice is the best answer to to the question you have heard. Now you have one hundred seconds to read all the choices on the screen. One, this is the . best meal i've had in a long time. Can you tell the chef IT was marvellous? Thank you. He must be honoured to know . you enjoyed IT question. Where does the conversation most probably take place? Two, your test results . look good and your recovery is on track. That's great to hear. Thanks for taking good care of me. Question, what's the most probable relationship between the two speakers? Three, hey, I really love . your art exhibit last weekend, especially the one with the sun set over the ocean. Thanks so much for coming. That peace was inspired by my trip to Sonia last year. I just couldn't help catching . the beauty question, what inspired the man to create the painting? For alex, i'm really impressed . with your science project on renewable energy. Thank you so much. Miss Johnson, i've always been fascinated by environmental science . and want to explore renewable energy solutions. Question, what are the speakers mainly talking about? Five, this path is tougher than I expected. How are you holding up? Yeah, it's definitely . chAllenging. But isn't IT a good chance to improve our fitness? And isn't IT even Better to hike with a wonderful partner? Question, what are the two speakers most probably doing? Six, since the apartment . has been clean, shall we go to the newly open shopping center? Great idea. I've been looking for a leather purse for . my bank cards in where are the speakers going? Seven, are you worried about the math test tomorrow? On the contrary, I have been expecting IT. I've been preparing for IT . the whole week. Question, what does the woman mean? Eight morning, miss wang. The new marketing . strategies worked. The sales have increased by twenty percent, and i've got ideas for our following steps. Great to hear. Let's meet next week to talk about your ideas. Question. why does the woman suggest meeting next week? Nine, do you have any book recommendations on ancient greek history? Certainly right this way, please? Our history section is just over there, and I have a few . titles in mind. Question, what does the woman imply? Ten. have you had a chance to look at the newest version of the software? Not yet, but i've heard IT will significantly improve efficiency. Question, what can be learned from the conversation? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each other. Passages and the conversation, the passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice would be the best answer to the question. You've heard . questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. Now you have thirty seconds to read all the choices on the screen. Humans have learned to exploit the resources of the desert for survival in profit. Some minerals, a large portion of the world's diamonds, gold and other metals, are commonly found in deserts. Deserts are a major source of oil and natural gas, too. The problem is that human activity is affecting modern deserts. The process of bringing water into the desert to grow plants is making soil too salty an incase in mining, in the construction of barriers to hold back water for power generation and water supply have also begun to impact the desert. Owing to the destruction of desert plants, dust storms are more likely, and desert animals therefore have less food to eat. The united nations environment program offers two ways out. First, we can begin to manage desert resources carefully. This means using the desert for things we need as well as not damaging IT further. Secondly, we can apply technological solutions. The united nations gives the example of using the latest computer technology to help forecast how climate change will affect deserts, and to prepare for these changes, we can also make Better use of two resources available in the desert, the wind and sun. These can be used to provide clean energy on a fairly small scale within existing desert cities. Now listen again, humans have . learned . to exploit the resources of the desert for survival in profit. Some minerals, a large portion of the world's diamonds, gold and other metals, are commonly found in deserts. Deserts are a major source of oil and natural gas too. The problem is that human activity is affecting modern deserts. The process of bringing water into the desert to grow plants is making soil too salty, an increase in mining, and the construction of barriers to hold back water for power generation and water supply have also begun to impact the desert. Owing to the destruction of desert plants, dust storms are more likely, and desert animals therefore have less food to eat. The united nation's environment program offers two ways out. First, we can begin to manage desert resources carefully. This means using the desert for things we need, as well as not damaging IT further. Secondly, we can apply technological solutions. The united nations gives the example of using the latest computer technology to help forecast how climate change will affect deserts. And to prepare for these changes, we can also make Better use of two resources available in the desert, the wind and sun. These can be used to provide clean energy on a fairly small scale within existing desert cities. Questions eleven, what is the passage mainly about. Twelve. what may be caused by human activities and deserts. Thirteen. what do the united nation's environment program agree with? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. Now you have thirty seconds to read all the choices on the screen. Autism is a mental disorder that makes someone unable to respond to others. It's a lifelong condition that affects the way people feel and here and how they see the world. A robot called pepper has been taking part in activities with students age twelve to at . the middle school. The robot was made by the bristol robotics lab at the university of the west of england. IT has been designed to take part in activities such as dancing and story telling . and to help students with relaxation techniques. These are aimed at helping students with their emotions and well being. When a student meets pepper, the robot asks how they are feeling and recommends an activity based on the response. The results of the trial will be released later this year. The robots costs around twenty thousand pounds each, and many experts think they could be a great investment for helping students with autism. Interestingly. since pepper arrived at the school, there has been a lot of dancing, and the children have also really enjoyed the robots jokes, said assistant had. teacher. Children who wouldn't Normally socially interact with others are . now making great changes. Now listen again, autism is a mental . disorder that makes someone unable to bond to others. It's a lifelong condition that affects the way people feel and here and how they see the world. A robot called pepper has been taking part in activities with students age twelve to nineteen . at a middle school. The robot was made by the bristol robotics lab at the university of the west of england. IT has been designed to take part in activities such as dancing and story telling . and to help students with relaxation techniques. These are aimed at helping students with their emotions and well being. When a student meets pepper, the robot ask how they are feeling and recommends an activity based on their response. The results of the trial will be released later this year. The robots cost around twenty thousand pounds each, and many experts think they could be a great investment for helping students with autism. Interestingly. since pepper arrived at the school, there has been a lot of dancing, and the children have also really enjoys the robots jokes, said assistant had. teacher. Children who wouldn't Normally socially interact with others are . now making great changes. Questions fourteen, what is the passage mainly about? Fifteen. according to the passage, how does pepper work? Sixteen. what has been proved at the school? Questions seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Now you have forty seconds to read all choices . on the screen. Do you . take nps? I do almost every day. Clever you. The science shows that napping is good for you. really? yes. But IT vary based on the length of your nap in the time at which you take IT. So what's the best links for naps? Ten minutes an hour? Well, the idea is to not for just maybe twenty to thirty minutes, and to do IT before five pm. So IT does not disturb your sleep at night. And you say there is science behind IT. Yes. the reason has to do with where you are in sleep cycles. Most of your sleep in twenty minutes will be light sleep, and IT makes IT easier to wake up. If you sleep longer, you will go into a deeper phase of sleep that can be more difficult to wake up from. And what about the benefits of maps? You improve your memory, your information processing . and your alertness, which means your ability to respond to something sudden. like a rushing car. that makes sense. So if you wake up feeling like, hey, I feel Better able to do my work . now you're having an effective rest. Now listen again. Do you take nps? I do almost everyday. Clever you. The science shows that napping is good for you. really? Yes. but IT vary based on the length of your nap and the time at which you take IT. So what's the best length for naps? Ten minutes an hour? Well. the idea is to not for just maybe twenty to thirty minutes, and to do IT before five pm. So IT does not disturb your sleep at night. And you say there is science behind IT. Yes. the reason has to do with where you are in sleep cycles. Most of your sleep in twenty minutes will be light sleep, and IT makes IT easier to wake up. If you sleep longer, you will go into a deeper phase of sleep that can be more difficult to wake up from. And what about the benefits of nps? You improve your memory, your information processing . and your alertness, which means your ability to respond to something sudden. like a rushing . car that makes sense. So if you wake up feeling like, hey, I feel Better able to do my work now . you're having an effective rest. Questions seventeen. what are the speakers mainly talking about? Eighteen. according to the woman, what is the recommended links of napping? Nineteen. what will happen if we take too long and APP? Twenty, how can . people benefit from a good nap? 2025-2026学年高一必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 1 ·基础卷（参考答案） I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） 1-5 AACAD 6-10 BAAAC 11-13 DAA 14-16 ACA 17-20 ACAD II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A 21．facing 22．that/which 23．With 24．what 25．will be designed 26．fixed 27．has become 28．ourselves 29．Whether 30．to live Section B 31．E 32．H 33．K 34．C 35．A 36．B 37．J 38．G 39．D 40．F III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A 41．B 42．D 43．C 44．B 45．A 46．A 47．C 48．A 49．D 50．C 51．B 52．C 53．D 54．A 55．D Section B 56.C 57．C 58．C 59．A 60．D 61．B 62．B 63．C 64．C 65．B 66．A Section C 67．E 68．B 69．F 70．C IV.Summary Writing (共10分） The passage summarizes the concept of “brain hunger”, caused by damaged dopamine signaling in the brain. It explores genetic (dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity-related factors, noting that weight loss alone is insufficient. It emphasizes the importance of  mindful eating and hunger cues to sense satiety with a comprehensive combination of treatments for management. V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) 72.Free tickets for the art gallery are available online to those who are interested in oil paintings. 73.The article written by a well-known Internet celebrity/ influencer was full of inaccuracies, but it stuck in my mind/ was deeply imprinted on my mind by virtue of one detail. 74.To avoid the tiredness/fatigue due to/ on long drives, the three of us took turns driving. 75.Camping in the countryside enables adolescents to feel the magic of nature. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Dear James, I understand the frustration you’re feeling about your parents not supporting your participation in volunteer activities. It’s a common challenge for many students to balance their academic responsibilities with extracurricular interests. My suggestion is to approach your parents with a well-thought-out plan. Explain to them how volunteering can actually complement your studies. For instance, through volunteer work, you can develop important life skills such as time management, problem-solving, and teamwork, which are all valuable both academically and in later life. Moreover, you could propose a compromise. Offer to dedicate specific times to volunteering, while ensuring that your study schedule remains a priority. Show them through your actions that you can manage both effectively. Remember to be respectful and understanding of their concerns. With patience and a clear plan, you might be able to change their perspective. Best regards, Zhang Hua Mingqi High School 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高一必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 1 ·基础卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a restaurant. B. In a library. C. In an office. D. In a classroom. 2. A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student. C. Boss and employee. D. Shop assistant and customer. 3. A. The sunsets he enjoyed at home. B. What he viewed at an art exhibition. C. What he saw during a trip. D. The beauty of the sky at night. 4. A. The man's project. B. The woman's research. C. Environmental science. D. Renewable energy solutions. 5. A. They are discussing how to keep fit. B. They are challenging a tough guy. C. They are deciding which path to choose. D. They are engaging in a hiking activity. 6. A. The new apartment. B. A shopping center. C. A leather factory. D. The central bank. 7. A. She's confident about her chances on the test. B. She's much worried about tomorrow's math test. C. She needs more time to prepare for the test. D. She will focus more on maths after the test. 8. A. To discuss the future plan. B. To reflect on their strategies. C. To estimate how much the sales can be boosted. D. To talk about the woman's ideas to increase sales. 9. A. She is able to suggest a few books for the man. B. She has written some books on ancient Greece. C. She is glad the man is interested in Greek history. D. She will mail the books to the man over the weekend. 10. A. The benefits of the software has been widely known. B. The update has not yet been financially supported. C. The man has not used the new software update. D. The man doubts if the update can increase efficiency. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. Now you have 30 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. 11. A. The economic benefits of desert resources. B. The history and culture of desert communities. C. The advancements in technology to exploit deserts. D. The damage to deserts and possible solutions. 12. A. Increased frequency of dust storms. B. Introduction of non-native animal species. C. Air pollution from power generation. D. Overuse of solar energy. 13. A. Management of desert resources and turning to technology. B. Relocation of communities and large-scale tree planting. C. Overseeing clean energy use and constructing mines. D. Increasing tourism and building more barriers. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. Now you have 30 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. 14. A. How a robot is used to help students with a mental illness. B. How students with a mental illness get assistance at home. C. How important interaction is for students with mental illnesses. D. How mental illnesses affect students in different ways. 15. A. With planning advice. B. By monitoring students' changing emotions. C. By taking part in activities with students. D. With academic skills. 16. A. Those once unsociable are interacting more with others. B. Students are more willing to design school activities. C. The results of the trial can be widely applied. D. Students have developed a greater interest in technology. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Now you have 40 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. 17. A. Length, timing and benefits of napping. B. Definition, workings and results of napping. C. Why we should take sleep cycles seriously. D. Why we should know the science behind napping. 18. A. No longer than 10 minutes. B. Between 10 to 20 minutes. C. Between 20 to 30 minutes. D. From 30 minutes to an hour. 19. A. We will find it harder to awaken. B. We will feel tired after waking up. C. We will enter a light stage of sleep. D. We will have many more dreams. 20. A. They will receive more responses from others. B. They needn't bother to seek information. C. They will not lose memory as they get older. D. They are better able to react to unexpected events. 【答案】 1-5 AACAD 6-10 BAAAC 11-13 DAA 14-16 ACA 17-20 ACAD 【听力原文】 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice is the best answer to the question you have heard. Now you have 100 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. 1. W: This is the best meal I've had in a long time. Can you tell the chef it was marvelous? M: Thank you! He must be honored to know you enjoyed it. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 2. M: Your test results look good, and your recovery is on track. W: That's great to hear. Thanks for taking good care of me. Q: What's the most probable relationship between the two speakers? 3. W: Hey, I really love your art exhibit last weekend, especially the one with the sunset over the ocean. M: Thanks so much for coming! That piece was inspired by my trip to Sanya last year. I just couldn't help catching the beauty. Q: What inspired the man to create the painting? 4. W: Alex, I'm really impressed with your science project on renewable energy. M: Thank you so much, Ms. Johnson. I've always been fascinated by environmental science and want to explore renewable energy solutions. Q: What are the speakers mainly talking about? 5. M: This path is tougher than I expected. How are you holding up? W: Yeah, it's definitely challenging, but isn't it a good chance to improve our fitness? And isn't it even better to hike with a wonderful partner? Q: What are the two speakers most probably doing? 6. M: Since the apartment has been cleaned, shall we go to the newly-opened shopping center? W: Great idea! I've been looking for a leather purse for my bank cards. Q: Where are the speakers going? 7. M: Are you worried about the math test tomorrow? W: On the contrary, I have been expecting it. I've been preparing for it the whole week. Q: What does the woman mean? 8. M: Morning, Ms. Wang! The new marketing strategies worked. The sales have increased by 20%. And I've got ideas for our following steps. W: Great to hear! Let's meet next week to talk about your ideas. Q: Why does the woman suggest meeting next week? 9. M: Do you have any book recommendations on ancient Greek history? W: Certainly, right this way please! Our history section is just over there, and I have a few titles in mind. Q: What does the woman imply? 10. W: Have you had a chance to look at the newest version of the software? M: Not yet, but I've heard it will significantly improve efficiency. Q: What can be learned from the conversation? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. Now you have 30 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. Humans have learned to exploit the resources of the desert for survival and profit.Some minerals, a large portion of the world's diamonds, gold and other metals are commonly found in deserts. Deserts are a major source of oil and natural gas, too. The problem is that human activity is affecting modern deserts. The process of bringing water into the desert to grow plants is making soil too salty. An increase in mining and the construction of barriers to hold back water for power generation and water supply have also begun to impact the desert. Owing to the destruction of desert plants, dust storms are more likely, and desert animals therefore have less food to eat. The United Nations Environment Programme offers two ways out. First, we can begin to manage desert resources carefully. This means using the desert for things we need as well as not damaging it further. Secondly, we can apply technological solutions. The United Nations gives the example of using the latest computer technology to help forecast how climate change will affect deserts and to prepare for these changes. We can also make better use of two resources available in the desert: the wind and sun. These can be used to provide clean energy on a fairly small scale within existing desert cities. (Now listen again.) Questions 11. What is the passage mainly about? 12. What may be caused by human activities in deserts? 13. What do the United Nations Environment Programme agree with? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. Now you have 30 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. Autism is a mental disorder that makes someone unable to respond to others. It's a lifelong condition that affects the way people feel and hear, and how they see the world. A robot called Pepper has been taking part in activities with students aged 12——19 at a middle school. The robot was made by the Bristol Robotics Lab at the University of the West of England. It has been designed to take part in activities such as dancing and storytelling, and to help students with relaxation techniques. These are aimed at helping students with their emotions and wellbeing. When a student meets Pepper, the robot asks how they are feeling and recommends an activity based on their response. The results of the trial will be released later this year. The robots cost around £20,000 each, and many experts think they could be a great investment for helping students with autism. “Interestingly, since Pepper arrived at the school, there has been a lot of dancing and the children have also really enjoyed the robot's jokes,” said the assistant headteacher. “Children who wouldn't normally socially interact with others are now making great changes.” (Now listen again.) Questions 14. What is the passage mainly about? 15. According to the passage, how does Pepper work? 16. What has been proved at the school? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Now you have 40 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. W: Do you take naps? M: I do, almost every day. W: Clever you! The science shows that napping is good for you. M: Really? W: Yes! But it varies based on the length of your nap and the time at which you take it. M: So what's the best length for naps? Ten minutes? An hour? W: Well, the idea is to nap for just maybe 20 to 30 minutes and to do it before 5p. m, so it does not disturb your sleep at night. M: And you say there is science behind it? W: Yes. The reason has to do with where you are in sleep cycles. Most of your sleep in 20minutes will be light sleep, and it makes it easier to wake up. If you sleep longer, you will go into a deeper phase of sleep that can be more difficult to wake up from. M: And what about the benefits of naps? W: You improve your memory, your information processing, and your alertness, which means your ability to respond to something sudden, like a rushing car. M: That makes sense. W: So if you wake up feeling like, “Hey, I feel better able to do my work now,” you're having an effective rest. (Now listen again.) Questions 17. What are the speakers mainly talking about? 18. According to the woman, what is the recommended length of napping? 19. What will happen if we take too long a nap? 20. How can people benefit from a good nap? II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Future living: what will the home of tomorrow look like? What will our homes be like in the future? Growing cities, shrinking living spaces, and climate change are major challenges 21 (face) urban planners and architects. We’re sharing three trends with you 22 will shape the home we live in tomorrow. Energy efficient and carbon neutral One of the greatest challenges for homes of the future is our increasing energy consumption, something that cannot be covered by fossil fuels going forward. 23 the impact of climate change becoming notable, it’s perfectly understandable that the buildings of the future could function as environmentally friendly power plants. Solar collectors and heat storage systems allow 24 are known as ‘plus-energy buildings’ to produce 100 percent renewable energy for emission-free operation. The trend to downsizing Living more efficiently not only means improving energy use and reducing one’s own carbon footprint, but also building to save space. Rooms 25 (design) to be multifunctional when there’s not a dedicated room available for every potential purpose. Modular and flexible furnishing systems that can be adapted to the individual floor space and room zones will replace 26 (fix) structures, ensuring that there’s room for everything even in a small space.   Trends for living and working under one roof Over the last few months, the office 27 (become) a feature in many people’s homes. For a number of years now, the home office has been evolving from a make-do desk into a comfortable long-term solution. This development means we need to ask 28 how we should construct our living spaces to allow us to concentrate and work productively.   29 you rent or own your own home in the future, what’s clear is that the home of tomorrow will be smarter, more flexible, and more sustainable. It will offer us space 30 (live), sleep and work both indoors and outdoors. 【答案】 21．facing 22．that/which 23．With 24．what 25．will be designed 26．fixed 27．has become 28．ourselves 29．Whether 30．to live 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了未来家居发展的三个主要趋势：能源高效和碳中和趋势、小型化趋势以及居住和工作一体化趋势。 21．考查非谓语动词。句意：城市发展、居住空间缩小和气候变化是城市规划者和建筑师面临的主要挑战。“(face) urban planners and architects”作后置定语，face(面临，面对)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语challenges之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填facing。 22．考查定语从句。句意：我们将与大家分享三个趋势，它们将塑造我们未来的家园。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词three trends，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that或which。 23．考查with复合结构。句意：随着气候变化的影响越来越明显，未来的建筑可以作为环保发电厂是完全可以理解的。“ the impact of climate change becoming notable”作原因状语，其中becoming是非谓语动词，该结构不是完整的句子，可用介词with构成with复合结构作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填With。 24．考查宾语从句。句意：太阳能集热器和蓄热系统允许所谓的“附加能源建筑”产生100%的可再生能源，实现零排放运行。“ are known as ‘plus-energy buildings’”是宾语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“被称为的‘附加能源建筑’的事物”，用连接代词what引导该从句并在句中作主语。故填what。 25．考查时态和语态。句意：当没有一个专门的房间可以用于每个潜在的用途时，房间将被设计成多功能的。分析句子可知，design(设计)是主句中谓语动词，与主语Rooms之间是被动关系，根据语境可知，文中描述的是将来的情况，应使用一般将来时态。综上，谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be designed。 26．考查形容词。句意：模块化和灵活的家具系统可以适应单独的楼层空间和房间区域，将取代固定的结构，确保即使在小空间中也有空间容纳所有东西。提示词作定语，用形容词fixed，意为“固定的”。故填fixed。 27．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几个月里，办公室已经成为许多人家里的一个特色。分析句子可知，become(成为)是句中谓语动词，与主语the office之间是主动关系，结合时间状语Over the last few months可知，描述从几个月前持续到现在的动作，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的主动语态，单数形式。故填has become。 28．考查反身代词。句意：这种发展意味着我们需要问自己，我们应该如何构建我们的生活空间，使我们能够集中精力，高效地工作。根据句意，句中表示“我们需要问自己”，主语和宾语是同一对象，用反身代词ourselves作宾语。故填ourselves。 29．考查状语从句。句意：无论你将来是租房还是买房，有一点是明确的，那就是未来的家将会更智能、更灵活、更可持续。“ you rent or own your own home in the future”是让步状语从句，结合句中or可知，用连词whether...or...引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……还是……”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Whether。 30．考查非谓语动词。句意：它将为我们提供室内外生活、睡眠和工作的空间。“ live, sleep and work”作后置定语，描述了space的用途，即“这个空间是为了居住、睡眠和工作而提供的”，用不定式可以表达一个具体的、尚未发生的动作，符合句中对未来场景的描述。故填to live。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Today’s children are exhausted, and not just because one in three kids is not getting enough sleep. Sleep deprivation in kids (who require at least nine hours a night, depending on age) has been found to 31 decrease academic achievement, lower intelligence test scores, slow physical growth, and 32 to moodiness and irritability. While the argument for protecting our children’s sleep time is convincing, there is another kind of rest that is 33 and beneficial to our children’s academic, emotional, and creative lives: daydreaming. Not all mental downtime (停工休息期) is alike, of course. Downtime spent playing a videogame or watching a television show may have its 34 , but the kind of downtime I am talking about is different. I’m talking about the kind of mind-wandering that happens when the brain is free of interruption and allowed to get rid of the 35 of the day. Television, video games, and other electronic 36 prevent this kind of mental wandering because they interrupt the flow of thoughts and memories that 37 the foundation of positive, productive daydreaming. There is, however, another way of looking at mind wandering. For the individual, mind wandering offers the possibility of very real, personal reward, some immediate, some more 38 . These rewards include self-awareness, memory consolidation, future planning, simulating the 39 of another person, evaluating the implications of self and others’ emotional reactions, moral reasoning. In other words, daydreaming only seems lazy from the outside, but viewed from the inside or from the perspective of a psychologist, such as Kaufman, or a neuroscientist, such as Mary Helen, a complicated and extremely 40 neurological process is taking place. Viewed from the inside, our children are exploring the only space where they truly have autonomy: their own minds. 【答案】 31．E 32．H 33．K 34．C 35．A 36．B 37．J 38．G 39．D 40．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。如今的孩子疲惫不堪，这不仅仅是因为三分之一的孩子睡眠不足。睡眠不足会显著降低学习成绩，降低智力测试分数，减缓身体发育，并导致喜怒无常和易怒。虽然保护孩子睡眠时间的理由很有说服力，但还有一种休息方式：白日梦，被低估了，它对孩子的学习、情感和创造生活都有好处。 31．考查副词。句意：儿童（根据年龄不同每晚至少需要9个小时的睡眠）睡眠不足会显著降低学习成绩，降低智力测试分数，减缓身体发育，并导致喜怒无常和易怒。修饰动词decrease，结合句意表示“显著”应用significantly。故选E。 32．考查动词。句意：儿童（根据年龄不同每晚至少需要9个小时的睡眠）睡眠不足会显著降低学习成绩，降低智力测试分数，减缓身体发育，并导致喜怒无常和易怒。结合句意表示“导致”可知，短语为contribute to，且与上文decrease构成并列结构，应填原形。故选H。 33．考查动词。句意：虽然保护孩子睡眠时间的理由很有说服力，但还有一种休息方式：白日梦，被低估了，它对孩子的学习、情感和创造生活都有好处：白日梦。结合句意表示“低估”，应用动词underestimate，结合上文is可知，此处为一般现在时的被动语态。故选K。 34．考查名词。句意：休息时间花在玩电子游戏或看电视节目可能有它的魅力，但我所说的那种休息时间是不同的。作宾语，结合句意表示“魅力”，应填复数名词charms。故选C。 35．考查名词。句意：我说的是当大脑不受干扰，可以摆脱一天的烦恼时，就会发生的那种走神。作宾语，结合句意表示“烦恼”可知，应填复数名词worries。故选A。 36．考查名词。句意：电视、电子游戏和其他电子干扰物阻止了这种精神漫游，因为它们中断了加强积极、富有成效的白日梦基础的思想和记忆的流动。作主语，表示“干扰物”，应用名词distraction，由other修饰，应用复数形式。故选B。 37．考查动词。句意：电视、电子游戏和其他电子干扰物阻止了这种精神漫游，因为它们中断了加强积极、富有成效的白日梦基础的思想和记忆的流动。结合语境表示“加强”，应用动词strengthen，定语从句谓语与先行词memories保持一致，谓语用原形。故选J。 38．考查形容词。句意：对个人而言，走神提供了非常真实的个人回报的可能性，有些是即时的，有些则是遥远的。结合句意表示“遥远的”，应填形容词distant。故选G。 39．考查名词。句意：这些奖励包括自我意识、记忆巩固、未来规划、模仿他人的视角、评估自我和他人情绪反应的影响、道德推理。作宾语，结合句意表示“视角”，应用名词perspective。故选D。 40．考查形容词。句意：换句话说，做白日梦只是从外表上看显得懒惰，但从内部或从心理学家（如考夫曼）或神经学家（如玛丽·海伦）的角度来看，一个复杂而又极其多产的神经过程正在发生。结合句意表示“多产的”可知应填形容词productive，作定语。故选F。 III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context People who live in cities are starting to get a lot more information to help plan their daily lives. Smarter City systems are telling residents about traffic jams, the time the next bus will arrive, the 41 for flooding, and other useful updates. This is happening because cities are 42 the streams of information from sensors to manage urban systems better. The number of 43 like these sensors will reach 50 billion by 2020. Cities are 44 systems of systems that have always generated vast amounts of information. Information flowing in from many small subsystems, such as local flood catch-basins, is integrated with other 45 to provide guidance on the overall operation of a city. This integrated data, from such systems of systems, is then given to city administrators in useful formats that can change 46 for the better. 47 , in many cities, the coming population growth will challenge even the most skilled city managers, and the old infrastructure of many such cities is not equipped with the ability to gather the data needed to 48 city operations. Despite the seeming 49 of data gathering infrastructure, another option exists considering the shift from desktop computing to mobile devices and tablets. Mobile technology has 50 dramatically in the past decade to the point where a lightweight smartphone may gather all kinds of data, such as its location, local temperature and background noise levels. Furthermore, in the near future, additional 51 are easily imagined, where sensors will be able to detect chemical pollution, local lighting conditions, vibration levels, and more. This will enable a new era where citizens are able to participate in city management, where the very data required to improve city operations is in part 52 provided by its citizens via smartphone apps. It also raises complex 53 issues that must be dealt with as we face this new era, but similarly provides opportunities for the citizens to play an active role in the improvement of their 54 , not only in the reporting of critical environmental and transportation data, but in taking an active role in solving the problems they have encountered. It will be a(n) 55 and informed effort, with information technology enabling social transformation, to address the growing challenges facing our cities in the coming decades. 41．A．reason B．potential C．hope D．occasion 42．A．upgrading B．enlarging C．altering D．employing 43．A．systems B．applications C．devices D．guides 44．A．identical B．complex C．reduced D．recycling 45．A．sources B．users C．overseers D．means 46．A．city living B．urban planning C．traffic flow D．basic facilities 47．A．Therefore B．Besides C．However D．Thus 48．A．guide B．apply C．advise D．order 49．A．specialty B．need C．decrease D．lack 50．A．decreased B．reformed C．advanced D．increased 51．A．talents B．capabilities C．qualities D．performances 52．A．accidentally B．surprisingly C．willingly D．determinedly 53．A．confidential B．efficiency C．biological D．social 54．A．community B．performance C．unity D．recreation 55．A．cost-effective B．unconscious C．demanding D．cooperative 【答案】 41．B 42．D 43．C 44．B 45．A 46．A 47．C 48．A 49．D 50．C 51．B 52．C 53．D 54．A 55．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是智能城市如何通过整合传感器数据改善居民生活，涵盖交通、防洪等多方面服务，并探讨了市民参与城市数据收集的潜力与挑战。 41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“智慧城市”系统会告诉居民交通拥堵情况、下一辆公交车到达的时间、洪水的可能性以及其他有用的更新。A. reason原因；B. potential可能性；C. hope希望；D. occasion场合。根据第一句“People who live in cities are starting to get a lot more information to help plan their daily lives.”和空格前的“Smarter City systems are telling residents about traffic jams, the time the next bus will arrive”可知，“智慧城市”系统给居民提供一些预告信息，帮助规划他们的日常生活。所以，此处应该指的是发生洪水的可能性。故选B项。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是因为城市正在利用来自传感器的信息流来更好地管理城市系统。A. upgrading升级；B. enlarging扩大；C. altering改变；D. employing利用。根据下文的“the streams of information from sensors to manage urban systems better”可知，此处指的是利用来自传感器的信息流来管理城市系统。故选D项。 43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到2020年，像这样的传感器的数量将达到500亿。A. systems系统；B. applications应用；C. devices设备；D. guides指南。根据下文的“these sensors”可知，此处指的是设备的数量。故选C项。 44．考查形容词/名词词义辨析。句意：城市是系统中的复杂系统，总是产生大量的信息。A. identical完全相同的；B. complex复杂的；C. reduced减少的；D. recycling回收。根据常识和下文的“that have always generated vast amounts of information”和“Information flowing in from many small subsystems”可知，城市系统是复杂的。故选B项。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从许多小子系统（如当地的洪水流域）流入的信息与其他来源相结合，为城市的整体运行提供指导。A. sources来源；B. users用户；C. overseers监督人；D. means方法；手段。根据上文的“Information flowing in from many small subsystems, such as local flood catch-basins”和空格前的other可知，此处指的是其它信息来源。故选A项。 46．考查名词短语辨析。句意：这些来自这些系统中的系统的综合数据，然后以有用的形式提供给城市管理者，从而使城市生活变得更好。A. city living城市生活；B. urban planning城市规划；C. traffic flow交通流量；D. basic facilities基本设施。根据空格前的“city administrator”和“in useful formats”，城市管理者以有用的形式利用这些数据肯定会让城市生活变的更好。故选A项。 47．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在许多城市，即将到来的人口增长将挑战即使是最熟练的城市管理者，而许多这类城市的旧基础设施不具备收集指导城市运营所需数据的能力。A. Therefore因此；B. Besides而且；另外；C. However但是；然而；D. Thus因此。下文的内容与上一段的最后一句是转折关系，所以用however。故选C项。 48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在许多城市，即将到来的人口增长将挑战即使是最熟练的城市管理者，而许多这类城市的旧基础设施不具备收集指导城市运营所需数据的能力。A. guide指导；B. apply申请；C. advise建议；D. order命令。根据上一段的“Information flowing in from many small subsystems, such as local flood catch-basins, is integrated with other　　　to provide guidance on the overall operation of a city.”可知，收集的信息是为城市的运行提供指导的。故选A项。 49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管似乎缺乏数据收集基础设施，考虑到从桌面计算机到移动设备和平板电脑的转变，另一个选择是存在的。A. specialty特产；B. need需要；C. decrease减少；D. lack缺乏。根据上文的“the old infrastructure of many such cities is not equipped with the ability to gather the data”可知，很多城市缺乏数据收集基础设施。故选D项。 50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：移动技术在过去十年里取得了巨大的进步，一个轻量级的智能手机可以收集各种数据，比如位置、当地温度和背景噪音水平。A. decreased减少；B. reformed改革；C. advanced发展；进步；D. increased增加。根据下文的“where a lightweight smartphone may gather all kinds of data, such as its location, local temperature and background noise levels.”可知，一个轻量级的智能手机能有这些功能肯定是因为技术的进步。故选C项。 51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，在不久的将来，很容易想象更多的功能，传感器将能够检测化学污染、局部照明条件、振动水平等。A. talents人才；B. capabilities功能；C. qualities品质；D. performances表演。根据上文的“a lightweight smartphone may gather all kinds of data, such as its location, local temperature and background noise levels”和下文的“sensors will be able to detect chemical pollution, local lighting conditions, vibration levels, and more”可知，此处说的是将来智能手机的功能。故选B项。 52．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这将开启一个市民能够参与城市管理的新时代，在这个时代，改善城市运行所需的数据部分是由市民通过智能手机应用程序自愿提供的。A. accidentally意外地；B. surprisingly惊人地，出人意料地；C. willingly自愿地；D. determinedly决然地。根据下文的“by its citizens via smartphone apps”可知，市民通过手机提供的数据肯定是市民自愿提供的。故选C项。 53．考查形容词/名词词义辨析。句意：在我们面对这个新时代时，它也提出了必须处理的复杂社会问题，但同样为公民提供了在改善他们的社区中发挥积极作用的机会，不仅在报告关键的环境和交通数据，而且在解决他们遇到的问题中发挥积极作用。A. confidential机密的；B. efficiency效率；C. biological生物的；D. social社会的。根据下文的“not only in the reporting of critical environmental and transportation data, but in taking an active role in solving the problems they have encountered”可知，此处说的是社会问题。故选D项。 54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们面对这个新时代时，它也提出了必须处理的复杂社会问题，但同样为公民提供了在改善他们的社区中发挥积极作用的机会，不仅在报告关键的环境和交通数据，而且在解决他们遇到的问题中发挥积极作用。A. community社区；B. performance表现；C. unity统一；D. recreation娱乐。根据上一段的“This will enable a new era where citizens are able to participate in city management”可知，此处指的是让市民参与城市管理，在改善他们的社区中发挥作用。故选A项。 55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这将是一个合作和知情的努力，通过信息技术促进社会转型，以应对我们的城市在未来几十年面临的日益增长的挑战。A. cost-effective划算的；成本效益好的；B. unconscious昏迷的，不省人事的；C. demanding要求高的；苛刻的D. cooperative合作的。根据上文“This will enable a new era where citizens are able to participate in city management, where the very data required to improve city operations is in part 　12　 provided by its citizens via smartphone apps.”可知，让市民参与城市管理并通过手机提供数据，这肯定是需要多方协作的。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Last summer, I embarked on an adventure that I will never forget. My friends and I decided to go hiking in the remote mountains, which we had once explored for the collection of samples for our scientific research. Located far away from the hustle and bustle of the city, the mountains appeal to us hikers by the unique scenery. We packed our bags with essentials and set off early in the morning. The hike started off smoothly. The sun was shining, the birds were singing, and the air was crisp and clean. We followed the trail, chatting and laughing as we went along. However, little did we know that our peaceful hike was about to take a dramatic turn. As we climbed higher, the trail became more difficult to follow. The map we had seemed outdated, and the compass wasn’t cooperating. Suddenly, we realized we were lost. Panic began to set in, but we quickly reminded ourselves to stay calm and think of a solution. We decided to find a safe spot to rest and reassess our situation. After a short search, we found a small cave nearby, which provided some shelter from the sun. Inside the cave, we gathered our thoughts and discussed our options. One of my friends suggested we backtrack along the trail, but another thought we should keep going forward in hopes of finding a trail or a landmark we could recognize. In the end, we decided to take a gamble and continue forward. We marked our path with stones and branches to ensure we could backtrack if necessary. As we walked, we kept our eyes peeled for any signs of civilization or a familiar trail. Hours passed, and the sun began to set. Our spirits were low, and our energy was decreasing. Just when we thought all hope was lost, we spotted a faint light in the distance. With renewed determination, we hurried towards it. As we got closer, we realized it was a small mountain hut, occupied by a friendly old man. He welcomed us in, offered us food and water, and listened to our story. With his help, we were able to find our way back to the main trail the next morning. Looking back on that adventure, I realize how important it is to stay calm and think clearly in difficult situations. It was a challenging experience, but it also taught me valuable lessons about teamwork, perseverance, and the importance of preparation. 56．What was the purpose of the author’s trip? A．To visit a friend in the remote mountains. B．To relax himself by hiking in the remote mountains. C．To collect samples for a scientific study. D．To take photographs of the unique scenery. 57．Which of the following item is most likely to be the “essentials” mentioned by the author in paragraph 1? A．Makeups B．Laptops C．Compasses D．Headphones 58．What did the author and his friends do after finding a safe spot to rest? A．They waited for help to arrive. B．They slept for a few hours to regain energy. C．They discussed their options and made a plan. D．They decided to hike back down the mountain immediately. 59．What did the old man in the mountain hut do for the author and his friends? A．He guided them back to the main trail. B．He provided them with food and shelter C．He called for rescue services. D．He offered them medical assistance. 【答案】56．C 57．C 58．C 59．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了去年夏天在山里的一次冒险经历。 56．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“My friends and I decided to go hiking in the remote mountains, which we had once explored for the collection of samples for our scientific research. (我和我的朋友决定去深山远足，我们曾经探索过那里，为我们的科学研究收集样本。)”可知，作者旅行的目的是为科学研究收集样本。故选C项。 57．推理判断题。根据上文的“My friends and I decided to go hiking in the remote mountains”和“We packed our bags with”以及第三段的句子“The map we had seemed outdated, and the compass wasn’t cooperating. (我们的地图似乎过时了，指南针也不配合。)”可知，作者和朋友去山里远足，包里装的必需品一定是指南针。故选C项。 58．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“We decided to find a safe spot to rest and reassess our situation. After a short search, we found a small cave nearby, which provided some shelter from the sun. Inside the cave, we gathered our thoughts and discussed our options. (我们决定找一个安全的地方休息一下，重新评估一下我们的处境。经过短暂的搜寻，我们在附近找到了一个小洞穴，可以遮阳。在洞穴里，我们收集了我们的想法，讨论了我们的选择。)”和第五段的句子“In the end, we decided to take a gamble and continue forward. (最后，我们决定赌一把，继续前进。)”可知，作者和他的朋友们在找到一个安全的地方休息后，他们讨论了他们的选择，并制定了一个计划。故选C项。 59．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“With his help, we were able to find our way back to the main trail the next morning. (在他的帮助下，第二天早上我们找到了回到主干道的路。)”可知，老人指引他们回到了主干道的路。故选A项。 (B) Moving can be terrifying — whether it’s to a new city or an entirely new country. The good news? Volunteering can be a great way to settle into a new community, meet people, and learn valuable skills. That’s why we’re spotlighting Kajal Patil, a volunteer who recently moved and found volunteer opportunities on VolunteerMatch to make an impact in her new community. Kajal moved to the United States from India in February 2017. Having previously volunteered for two years as an assistant yoga teacher in her home country, Kajal was enthusiastic about volunteering and began looking for volunteer opportunities that match her interests on VolunteerMatch. “I enjoy volunteering and it’s great to have such meaningful experiences in life,” says Kajal. Kajal was drawn to a volunteer opportunity with the Meridian International Center to review applications on behalf of the Young Leaders of the Americas Initiative (YLAI). Kajal had previous experience working with the markets candidates were applying from, and the position also afforded her the opportunity to work remotely. After connecting with the opportunity on VolunteerMatch and successfully completing the application process, Kajal got to work. Her role involved reviewing 44 in-depth applications from potential candidates across Latin America and the Caribbean for a four-week fellowship in the U. S. She was responsible for describing the business ideas presented by these candidates, assessing the social impact of their businesses, and determining the strength of candidates to carry out their plans. With almost 4, 000 applicants in 2017, Meridian International Center considers volunteers like Kajal to be integral members of the team. With help from volunteers, 250 candidates have now been selected to take part in the program and will travel to the U. S. this fall. Kajal says that this volunteer opportunity super-charged her existing skills, while helping her build new ones such as time management, business analysis, decision-making, planning, and presenting. She is now looking for her next volunteer opportunity and reflects positively on her experience with Meridian International Center, “A new country brings in a lot of new experiences and volunteering helped me to settle into a new environment,” adds Kajal. “By helping others, I felt needed in society. Not only did it boost my self-esteem, other people benefited too. Volunteering is a great opportunity to improve yourself, others, and the whole society”. Whether you recently moved to a new place or are looking to make an impact in your current community, find a volunteer opportunity to empower yourself — and others — on VolunteerMatch. 60．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of volunteering in a new community? A．Volunteering helps newcomers adapt to a new community. B．Volunteering offers opportunities to polish existing skills C．Volunteering enables people to acquire valuable professional skills. D．Volunteering allows people to make friends all over the world. 61．One of the reasons why Kajal chose to work with the Meridian International Center was that _________. A．she had experience working with candidates B．she was allowed to work wherever she wanted C．the working time of the job was quite flexible D．she was good at summarizing business ideas 62．What can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4? A．Kajal considered this volunteer role to be both challenging and rewarding. B．Volunteers like Kajal played an important part in the success of the program. C．Kajal felt that helping others was more important than self-improvement. D．The Meridian International Center relied entirely on volunteers to manage applications. 【答案】60．D 61．B 62．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了卡哈尔·帕蒂尔的经历来说明志愿服务的好处以及个人在志愿服务中的成长和收获。 60．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Volunteering can be a great way to settle into a new community, meet people, and learn valuable skills. That's why we're spotlighting Kajal Patil, a volunteer who recently moved and found volunteer opportunities on Volunteer Match to make an impact in her new community.(志愿服务是融入新社区、结识新朋友、学习宝贵技能的好方法。这就是我们关注卡哈尔·帕蒂尔的原因，她是一名志愿者，最近搬了家，并在VolunteerMatch上找到了志愿者机会，为她的新社区带来影响。)”以及第五段中“Kajal says that this volunteer opportunity super-charged her existing skills, while helping her build new ones such as time management, business analysis, decision-making, planning, and presenting.( 卡哈尔说，这个志愿者的机会增强了她现有的技能，同时帮助她建立了新的技能，比如时间管理、商业分析、决策、计划和演讲。)”可知，根据文章，志愿服务可以让人们结交世界各地的朋友这一项内容不是在新社区做志愿者的好处。故选D项。 61．细节理解题。根据第三段“Kajal was drawn to a volunteer opportunity with the Meridian International Center to review applications on behalf of the Young Leaders of the Americas Initiative (YLAI) . Kajal had previous experience working with the markets candidates were applying from, and the position also afforded her the opportunity to work remotely.( 卡哈尔被吸引到子午线国际中心的一个志愿者机会，代表美洲青年领袖倡议（YLAI）审核申请。卡哈尔之前有过与候选人申请的市场打交道的经验，而且这个职位也为她提供了远程工作的机会。)”可知，卡哈尔选择与子午线国际中心合作的原因之一她被允许在任何她想去的地方工作。故选B项。 62．推理判断题。根据第三、四段的内容，尤其是第四段中“With almost 4, 000 applicants in 2017, Meridian International Center considers volunteers like Kajal to be integral members of the team. With help from volunteers, 250 candidates have now been selected to take part in the program and will travel to the U. S. this fall.( 2017年，子午线国际中心有近4000名申请者，他们认为像卡哈尔这样的志愿者是团队不可或缺的一员。在志愿者的帮助下，250名候选人现已被选中参加该项目，并将于今年秋天前往美国。)”可推知，像卡哈尔这样的志愿者在项目的成功中发挥了重要作用。故选B项。 (C) To be honest. I’ve been missing the online shopping experience in China since I moved to the US four years ago. So when I noticed Shein becoming mainstream in the US over the past few years, I though, Great! I finally have a Taohao replacement! So I went on my first Shein journey in August 2022. But somewhere along the way, I started questioning why I enjoy this particular kind of shopping, and also what it means for an e-commerce platform to offer endless deals. To be fair, there are Shein purchases that I’ve really enjoyed, like a $2 nylon watchband that feels better than my original Apple Watch band. I also think people should be able to choose quantity and price over quality, because the idea of demanding that people only buy premium products feels unrealistic. But as it turns out, I’ve finally started to see through the illusion (错觉) of Shein-like platforms. To get these occasional incredible deals, you are encouraged to shop much more than is necessary or even reasonable. This illusion has worked for a long time and for a lot of people, including me! But it’s become harder and harder to ignore the environmental consequences of my purchases, and the ways in which platforms trick people into buying more and more. And I don’t think I’m the only one experiencing that awakening. Broadly speaking, I think society is slowly but surely shifting toward recognizing the climate impact of mass-produced cheap goods. While these conversations have yet to happen as widely and furiously in China, companies like Taobao and Shein will inevitably have to answer the question of whether their business model is sustainable for everyone—or only for themselves. So where are they beading from here? There’s certainly a lot of soul-searching for the industry to do. And I’m doing some soul-searching of my own. 1．Why does the author mention a “$2 nylon watchband”? A．To compare it with her original band. B．To persuade readers to buy it. C．To show her satisfaction with Shein. D．To show its cheapness. 2．What does the underlined word “premium” mean in the third paragraph? A．High-quantity. B．Expensive. C．High-quality. D．Original. 3．What do the customers tend to do with the illusion of Shein-like platforms? A．They get incredible products on sale. B．They often buy much more than what they need. C．They ignore the environmental impacts. D．They are tricked into buying more and more reasonable products. 4．What is a consequence of endless deals in e-commerce platforms? A．Environmental harm. B．Price reduction. C．Energy shortage. D．Worldwide starvation. 【答案】63．C 64．C 65．B 66．A 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过反思自己在电子商务平台购物的经历，明白了这样的购物方式会让人们无休止的购买廉价商品，而这种行为会给环境和气候带来影响。作者呼吁商家和消费者都审视自己的行为。 63．推理判断题。根据第三段的“To be fair, there are Shein purchases that I’ve really enjoyed, like a $2 nylon watchband that feels better than my original Apple Watch band. (说句公道话，我确实很喜欢Shein的一些产品，比如一条2美元的尼龙表带，感觉比我原来的Apple Watch表带要好)”并结合上文提到作者喜欢网购体验，在回国4年后终于可以在Shein进行网购推知，提到“2美元一条的尼龙表带”是为了表达作者对于在Shein网购的满足感。故选C。 64．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“I also think people should be able to choose quantity and price over quality(我还认为人们应该能够选择数量和价格而不是质量)”可知，作者认为除了质量，人们还应该能在数量和价格上进行选择。由此推知，作者认为要求人们只购买高品质的商品是不现实的。因此premium意为“高品质的”。故选C。 65．推理判断题。根据第四段的“But as it turns out, I’ve finally started to see through the illusion (错觉) of Shein-like platforms. To get these occasional incredible deals, you are encouraged to shop much more than is necessary or even reasonable. (但事实证明，我终于开始看穿了shein式平台的假象。为了得到这些偶尔令人难以置信的交易，你被鼓励购买远远超过必要甚至合理的东西)”推知，当消费者在诸如Shein这样的平台购物时容易买多于自己实际需要的商品。故选B。 66．细节理解题。根据第四段的“But it’s become harder and harder to ignore the environmental consequences of my purchases, and the ways in which platforms trick people into buying more and more.(但我越来越难以忽视我的购物对环境造成的影响，以及平台诱使人们买得越来越多的方式)”和最后一段的“Broadly speaking, I think society is slowly but surely shifting toward recognizing the climate impact of mass-produced cheap goods. (总的来说，我认为社会正在缓慢但肯定地转向认识到大规模生产的廉价商品对气候的影响)”可知，电子商务平台无休止的交易会给环境和气候带来影响。故选A。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Not All Waste Has to Go to Waste Most of the world’s 2.22 billion tons of annual trash ends up in landfills or open dumps. Veena Sahajwalla, a materials scientist and engineer at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, has created a solution to our massive trash problem: waste microfactories. There little trash processors — some as small as 500 square feet — house a series of machines that recycle waste and transform it into new materials with the new technology. 67 Sahajwalla launched the world’s first waste micro factory targeting electronic waste, or e-waste, in 2018 in Sydney. A second one began recycling plastics in 2019. Now, her lab group is working with university and industry partners to commercialize their patented microfactory technology. 68 The approach will also allow cities to recycle waste into new products on location, avoiding the long, often international, high-emission treks between recycling processors and manufacturing plants. With a microfactory, gone are the days of needing separate facilities to collect and store materials, extract elements and produce new products. 69 Her invention evolves this idea by taking materials from an old product and creating something different. “The kids don’t look like the parents,” she says. For example, the microfactory can break down old smartphones and computer monitors and extract silica (from the glass) and carbon (from the plastic casing), and then combine them together. This generates a common material with many industrial uses. 70 In 2019, just 17.4 percent of e-waste was recycled, so they ability to re-form offers a crucial new development in the challenge recycling complex electronic devices. “We can do so much more with materials,” says Sahajwalla. A．Traditional recycling has not worked for every recycling challenge, especially the recycling of e-waste. B．She says the small scale of the machines will make it easier for them to one day operate on renewable energy, unlike most large manufacturing plants. C．Sahajwalla refers to this process as “the fourth R”, adding “re-form” to the common phrase “reduce, rouse, recycle.” D．Electronics contains various poisonous chemicals and materials that are released into the environments if they are not dealt with properly. E．The new all-in-one approach could leave our current recycling processes in the dust. F．Traditionally, recycling plants break down materials for reuse in similar products — like melting down plastic to make more plastic things. 【答案】67．E 68．B 69．F 70．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Veena Sahajwalla发明的废物微工厂，可解决大量垃圾问题，还阐述了其优势、工作原理及在电子废物回收方面的重要意义等。 67．根据上文“Veena Sahajwalla, a materials scientist and engineer at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, has created a solution to our massive trash problem: waste microfactories. There little trash processors — some as small as 500 square feet — house a series of machines that recycle waste and transform it into new materials with the new technology.(澳大利亚悉尼新南威尔士大学的材料科学家兼工程师Veena Sahajwalla为我们庞大的垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：废物微工厂。这些小型垃圾处理器（有些小至500平方英尺）装有一系列机器，这些机器利用新技术回收废物并将其转化为新材料)”可知，此处是在介绍废物微工厂这种一体化的回收流程，可推理出下文说的是这种一体化流程比传统方式的优势之处，与E项“The new all-in-one approach could leave our current recycling processes in the dust.(这种新的一体化方法可能会让我们现有的回收流程相形见绌)”表达的意思一致，故选E项。 68．根据上文“Sahajwalla launched the world’s first waste micro factory targeting electronic waste, or e-waste, in 2018 in Sydney. A second one began recycling plastics in 2019. Now, her lab group is working with university and industry partners to commercialize their patented microfactory technology.(Sahajwalla于2018年在悉尼启动了世界上第一个针对电子废物（即电子垃圾）的废物微工厂。第二个工厂于2019年开始回收塑料。现在，她的实验室小组正在与大学和行业合作伙伴合作，将其专利微工厂技术商业化)”以及下文“The approach will also allow cities to recycle waste into new products on location, avoiding the long, often international, high-emission treks between recycling processors and manufacturing plants.(这种方法还将使城市能够在当地将废物回收制成新产品，避免了回收加工商和制造工厂之间漫长的、通常是跨国的、高排放的长途跋涉)”可知，本段提到Sahajwalla的微工厂，且空后also证明了这个微工厂的另一个好处，因此，空处应提到微工厂的好处，B项“She says the small scale of the machines will make it easier for them to one day operate on renewable energy, unlike most large manufacturing plants.(她说，这些机器的小型化将使它们未来更容易使用可再生能源，这与大多数大型制造工厂不同)”说明微工厂的的好处之一，承上启下，符合语境，故选B项。 69．根据下文“Her invention evolves this idea by taking materials from an old product and creating something different. (她的发明通过从旧产品中提取材料并创造出不同的东西来发展这一理念)”可知，这里是在说明传统的回收方式与Sahajwalla的发明的不同之处，可推理出空处说的是传统的回收工厂的回收方法的特点，F项“Traditionally, recycling plants break down materials for reuse in similar products — like melting down plastic to make more plastic things.(传统上，回收工厂将材料分解以便在类似产品中重复使用——比如熔化塑料来制造更多塑料制品)”说明传统的回收方法，与下文形成对比，符合语境，故选F项。 70．根据上文“For example, the microfactory can break down old smartphones and computer monitors and extract silica (from the glass) and carbon (from the plastic casing), and then combine them together. This generates a common material with many industrial uses.(例如，微工厂可以分解旧智能手机和电脑显示器，从玻璃中提取二氧化硅，从塑料外壳中提取碳，然后将它们组合在一起。这产生了一种有许多工业用途的常见材料)”可知，这里在举例说明微工厂的回收过程，它的特点是重新生成了一种有许多工业用途的常见材料，C项“Sahajwalla refers to this process as “the fourth R”, adding “re-form” to the common phrase “reduce, rouse, recycle.”(Sahajwalla将这一过程称为“第四个R”，在常见的“减少、唤醒、回收”短语中加入了“重新形成”)”是对前面的例子的总结归纳，符合语境，故选C项。 IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Brain Hunger Do you ever feel like no matter how much you eat, you are still not full? You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food. What are the underlying causes of brain hunger? Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. Some people have this gene variation that does not allow for a normal dopamine release in response to things that typically would bring joy and pleasure, including food. This means that those individuals won’t get the same “high” feeling they would normally experience when eating. Obesity is also linked to brain hunger. Brain scans of obese individuals show changes in dopamine signaling pathways which can lead to less recognition of the feeling of being full even after a meal. While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected. Studies show that certain areas of the brain responsible for sensing fullness do not change even with weight loss, which could lead to continued hunger and weight regain. So, what came first: genetics or obesity that cause this brain signaling change? It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full. Brain hunger can be an uncomfortable and frustrating condition, but it is possible to manage through a combination of treatments. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The passage summarizes the concept of “brain hunger”, caused by damaged dopamine signaling in the brain. It explores genetic (dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity-related factors, noting that weight loss alone is insufficient. It emphasizes the importance of  mindful eating and hunger cues to sense satiety with a comprehensive combination of treatments for management. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述“脑饥饿”现象，即因大脑多巴胺信号受损导致身体难以感知饱腹感。其成因可能涉及遗传（多巴胺受体D4基因变异）与肥胖，但二者何为首要因素尚不清楚。减肥对改善脑饥饿效果有限，需综合治疗并注重饮食意识。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food. ②Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. ③While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected. ④It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The main focus of this article is the phenomenon of “brain hunger”, which occurs when the dopamine signaling in the brain is damaged, making it difficult for the body to perceive a sense of fullness. Its causes may involve genetics (mutations in the dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity, but it is unclear which of the two is the primary factor. Weight loss has limited effectiveness in improving brain hunger, and comprehensive treatment along with a focus on dietary awareness is required. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The passage summarizes the concept of “brain hunger”, caused by damaged dopamine signaling in the brain.运用过去分词作状语的结构，表达高级。 [高分句型2]：It explores genetic (dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity-related factors, noting that weight loss alone is insufficient. 运用现在分词作状语以及that引导宾语从句的结构，表达高级。 [高分句型3]：It emphasizes the importance of mindful eating and a combination of treatments for management.运用了名词的并列结构以及介词短语作状语的结构，表达高级。 V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72. 对油画感兴趣的人们能够在网上得到美术馆的免费票。（available）(汉译英) 【答案】Free tickets for the art gallery are available online to those who are interested in oil paintings. 【详解】考查时态、名词和定语从句。根据句意可知本句为一般现在时态，“美术馆的免费票”译为free tickets for the art gallery，tickets为主语，且为复数，系动词应使用are，“能够在网上得”译为available online，“对油画感兴趣的人们”使用定语从句，翻译为those who are interested in oil paintings，故翻译为Free tickets for the art gallery are available online to those who are interested in oil paintings. 73. 这篇知名网红撰写的文章里，错误比比皆是，但该文因一个细节而深深印入我脑海。(by virtue of) (汉译英) 【答案】The article written by a well-known Internet celebrity/ influencer was full of inaccuracies, but it stuck in my mind/ was deeply imprinted on my mind by virtue of one detail. 【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。陈述过去事实，为一般过去时。“这篇知名网红撰写的文章”为句子的主语，翻译为the article written by a well-known Internet celebrity/ influencer , written by a well-known Internet celebrity/ influencer为过去分词作后置定语。“错误比比皆是”为be full of inaccuracies。“但该文因一细节而深深印入我脑海”为but连接的并列句，“由于”为 by virtue of 。作状语。翻译为“but it stuck in my mind/ was deeply imprinted on my mind by virtue of one detail.”。故翻译为：The article written by a well-known Internet celebrity/ influencer was full of inaccuracies, but it stuck in my mind/ was deeply imprinted on my mind by virtue of one detail. 74. 为了避免长途驾驶带来的疲劳，我们三个人轮流开车。(turn n.)(汉译英) 【答案】To avoid the tiredness/fatigue due to/ on long drives, the three of us took turns driving. 【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。陈述过去的动作，为一般过去时。“为了避免长途驾驶带来的疲劳”处理成成动词不定式作目的状语。翻译为：To avoid the tiredness/fatigue due to/ on long drives。“我们三个人”为the three of us ；“轮流做某事”为take turns doing sth。“开车”为drive。故翻译为：To avoid the tiredness/fatigue due to/ on long drives, the three of us took turns driving. 75. 郊外露营让青少年感受到大自然的神奇。(enable) (汉译英) 【答案】Camping in the countryside enables adolescents to feel the magic of nature. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。根据所给中文句子，“郊外露营”为本句主语，可用动名词作主语，译为“camping in the countryside”，“让青少年感受到大自然的神奇”，根据题干要求，需用动词enable，此处用固定搭配：enable sb. to do sth.意为“使某人能够做某事”，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为动名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数，“青少年”作宾语，用名词adolescents，译为“enables adolescents to feel the magic of nature”。故译为：Camping in the countryside enables adolescents to feel the magic of nature. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的高中生张华，在本期学校英语报的“TROUBLESHOOTER (排忧解难)”专栏读到James的来信(内容如下)。你通过该专栏给James写一封回信，提供建议，帮助他改变父母的看法，你的回信须包括： (1)你的建议； (2)你的理由。 TroubleshooterI’ve been feeling quite frustrated lately because my parents don’t support me in participating in volunteer activities. They believe that my time should be fully dedicated to studying and preparing for college entrance exams. How can I change their mind? —James ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear James, I understand the frustration you’re feeling about your parents not supporting your participation in volunteer activities. It’s a common challenge for many students to balance their academic responsibilities with extracurricular interests. My suggestion is to approach your parents with a well-thought-out plan. Explain to them how volunteering can actually complement your studies. For instance, through volunteer work, you can develop important life skills such as time management, problem-solving, and teamwork, which are all valuable both academically and in later life. Moreover, you could propose a compromise. Offer to dedicate specific times to volunteering, while ensuring that your study schedule remains a priority. Show them through your actions that you can manage both effectively. Remember to be respectful and understanding of their concerns. With patience and a clear plan, you might be able to change their perspective. Best regards, Zhang Hua Mingqi High School 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于在本期学校英语报的“TROUBLESHOOTER (排忧解难)”专栏读到James的来信情况，通过该专栏给James写一封回信，提供建议，帮助他改变父母的看法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 建议：suggestion →advice 此外：Moreover → What’s more 提出：propose→ put forward 观点：perspective→ viewpoint 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：With patience and a clear plan, you might be able to change their perspective. 拓展句：If you are patient and have a clear plan, you might be able to change their perspective. 【点睛】【高分句型1】For instance, through volunteer work, you can develop important life skills such as time management, problem-solving, and teamwork, which are all valuable both academically and in later life.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】It’s a common challenge for many students to balance their academic responsibilities with extracurricular interests.（运用了It作形式主语，动词不定式to do作真正主语的固定句型。） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $