必修二Unit 1词汇精讲-高中英语2025沪教版

必修2Unit1词汇精讲 Unit 1 theme 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):主题；题目；话题 The theme of the conference is'Environment and Development'.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):(乐曲的)主题，主旋律 The theme of this symphony is very beautiful..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：thematic;有关某一主题的；例句：The exhibition has a thematic arrangement..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：topic:名词，主题；话题；例句：Ne discussed various topics at the meeting..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义 词：subject:名词，主题；科目；例句：The subject of his speech is very interesting..(来源：柯林斯词典) [固定搭配 ■短语1：theme park:主题公园：适用于描述游乐场所的场景，语法上park是名词；例句：We went to a theme park last weekend.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：on the theme of::关于…的主题；适用于描述文章、演讲等内容的场景，语 法上of后接主题内容；例句：The poem is on the theme of love..(来源：柯林斯词典)：短语3：theme song:主题曲；适 用于影视、节目等场景，语法上song是名词；例句：The theme song ofthis movie is very popular.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的单复数形式；原题：There are many different (theme)in this book.(答案：themes) (来源：教材) blame 词义与词性 ■()(v.):指责；责怪；把…归咎于 They blamed the failure on George.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):(事故、错误等的)责任 The blame for the accident lies with the driver.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：blamable(应受责备的)；例句：The decision was blamable.(来源：韦氏词典)名词：blamer(责备者)；例句： The blamer always finds faults.(来源：自建例句，参考权威词典用法)过去式和过去分词：blamed;现在分词：blaming 同近义词 ■近义词：accuse:动词，指责；指控；例句：They accused him of theft..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：condemn: 动词，遣责；指责；例句：Most people condemn such violence.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：blame sb.for sth.:因某事责备某人；适用于表达对某人过错的指责场景，语法上for后接被责备的事情；例 句：Don't blame me for the delay..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：be to blame(for sth.):(对坏事)负有责任；该 受责备；适用于确定责任归属场景，语法上to blame无被动形式；例句：The driver is to blame for the accident.(来 源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：take the blame(for sth.):承担（某事的）责任；适用于主动承担过错责任的场景；例 句：He took the blame for his friend..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察固定搭配blame sb.for sth.:原题：They_一bame)me for the mistake.(答案：blamed)考法2： 考察名词用法：原题：The _(blame)for the problem should be put on the manager.(答案：blame) (来源：教材) factor 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):因素；要素 Cost was a major factor in our decision.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):[数]因数；因子 2and3 are factors of6.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：factorial;;表示与阶乘有关例句：The factorial function is used in many mathematical calculations.(来源：韦 氏词典)动词：factorize;意为将…分解成因子例句：You need to factorize this polynomial.(来源：朗文当代英语词 典) 同近义词 ■近义词：element(n.):要素；成分；例句：Honesty is an important element in any relationship.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)近义词：ingredient(n.):因素；要素；例句：Hard work is a key ingredient of success.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：factor in:把…考虑在内；适用于做决策、计划等场景，语法上in后接考虑的对象；例句：Ne need to factor in the time it will take to travel..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：factor out:分解出；适用于数学场景，语法上out 后接分解出的因子；例句：You can factor out the common term.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)短语3：a contributing factor:促成因素；适用于分析事情原因的场景；例句：Stress is often a contributing factor to illness.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式：原题：（某地模拟题）May (factor)contribute to global warming.(答案：factors) 考法2：考察固定搭配factor in:原题：（某地高考真题）Ne should. (factor)in the cost of transportation when making the budget..(答案：factor) (来源：教材) frighten 词义与词性 ■()(V.):使惊吓；使惊恐 The loud noise frightened the baby..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：frightened(感到害怕的)；例句：The frightened child clung to his mother..(来源：柯林斯词典)；形容词： frightening(令人害怕的)；例句：The storm was really frightening.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；名词：fright(惊吓；恐 怖)；例句：The sudden noise gave me a fright.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：scare:动词，使惊恐；例句：The thunder scared the little girl..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：terrify:动 词，使恐惧；例句：The horror movie terrified her.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：frighten sb.into doing sth.:吓唬某人做某事；适用于通过恐惧促使某人行动的场景，语法上into后接动名词； 例句：The robber frightened her into giving him the money..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：frighten away/off:吓跑； 适用于描述驱赶动物或人的场景，语法上后接被吓跑的对象；例句：The dog barked to frighten away the strangers,. (来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：be frightened of:害怕；适用于表达某人对某物或某事的恐惧，语法上f后接害 怕的对象；例句：She is frightened of snakes..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式：原题：The loud thunder. ((frighten))the cows..(答案frightened):考法 2:考察其形容词形式rightened的用法；原题：The_ (frighten)look on his face showed that he was really scared. 案frightened) (来源：教材) chemical 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):与化学有关的；化学的 The chemical industry produces a wide range of products.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):化学制品；化学品 The farm uses a lot of chemicals to grow crops.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：chemistry;例句：'m studying chemistry at university..（来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：chemist;例句：The chemist prepared a new medicine.(来源：柯林斯词典)形容词：chemically:例句：This substance can be chemically decomposed.(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：chemic:形容词，化学的；例句：The chemic reaction is very complex.(来源：韦氏词典)近义词：phar maceutical:形容词，制药的；名词，药品；例句：The pharmaceutical industry is constantly developing new drugs. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：chemical reaction:化学反应；适用于化学学科描述变化场景，语法上是名词短语；例句：A chemical reaction occurs when two substances are mixⅸed.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：chemical compound:化合物；适用于化学 学科描述物质组成场景，语法上是名词短语；例句：Nater is a common chemical compound.(来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：chemical element::化学元素；适用于化学学科描述元素分类场景，语法上是名词短语；例句：Carbon is an important chemical element.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：chemical waste:化学废物；适用于环保、工业生产等描述 废物处理场景，语法上是名词短语；例句：The factory must properly dispose ofits chemical waste.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词词义：原题：（某地模拟题）The process in this experiment is very important.(答案：chemical))考 法2：考察名词单复数：原题：（某地高考真题）May」 (chemical)are used in the factory.(答案：chemicals) (来源：教材) pressure 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):压力；挤压；压强 The pressure of the water turns the wheel.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):心理压力；紧张 He works wel∥under pressure.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：press;:例句：Press this button to start the engine..(来源：柯林斯词典)形容词：pressured;例句：She felt pressured to accept the job offer.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：stress:名词，压力；例句：Stress can have a negative impact on your health.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义 词：tension:名词，紧张；例句：The tension between the two countries is increasing..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：put pressure on sb.:对某人施加压力；适用于表达要求某人做某事的场景，语法上on后接被施压的对象： 例句：Parents should not put too much pressure on their children..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：under pressure: 在压力之下；适用于描述某人处于压力环境的场景；例句：He performed well under pressure..(来源：柯林斯词典)： 短语3：atmospheric pressure:大气压；适用于物理学科描述气压的场景；例句：Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：blood pressure:血压；适用于医学健康领域；例句：You should have your blood pressure checked regularly.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词用法；原题：The _(pressure)of modern life is getting to be too much for me..(答案：pressure)考法 2:考察固定搭配under pressure;原题：He can always make the right decision (答案：under pressure) (来源：教材) solution 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):解决办法；处理手段 We need to find a solution to this problem.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):溶液 Dissolve the powder in warm water to make a solution.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■动词：sole;例句：We should try our best to solve the difficult problems.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：answer(n.):答案；解决办法；例句：I think I've found the answer to this question.(来源：牛津高阶词典) -近义词：resolution(n.):解决；解答；例句：The resolution of the conflict took many years.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：the solution to.:的解决办法；适用于描述问题解决途径的场景，语法上to后接问题；例句：Is there a solution to this math problemi?(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：find a solution:找到解决办法；适用于寻求解决问题 方法的场景；例句：Ne must find a solution as soon as possible.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其固定搭配the solution to;原题：We haven't found the solution__the traffic problem yet..(答案： to) (来源：教材) statistic 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):统计数字；统计资料 Official statistics show real wages declining by24%.(来源：柯斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):统计学 Statistics is a branch of mathematics.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：statistical;例句：Statistical analysis is a useful tool..(来源：柯林斯词典)副词：statistically;例句：The results are not statistically significant..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：figure(n.):数字；近义词：data(n.):数据；近义词：numeral(n.):数字； 固定搭配 ■短语1：statistic data:统计数据；适用于描述与统计相关的数据场景，语法上data是不可数名词；例句：The statistic data provides valuable information..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：according to statistics:根据统计数据； 适用于引用统计结果的场景，语法上后接具体统计内容；例句：According to statistics,more people are using public transportation..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数变化；原题：The latest (statistic)show that unemployment is rising.（答案：statistics)考法 2:考察形容词形式；原题：Ne need to do some (statistic)research.(答案：statistical) (来源：教材) impress 词义与词性 ■()(V.):给…留下深刻的印象；使钦佩 His words impressed me deeply..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(v.):使铭记；给…留下深刻的感觉 My father impressed on me the value of hard work.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：impressive(给人深刻印象的；令人钦佩的)；例句：The show was really impressive.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)形容词：impressionable(易受影响的)；例句：Children at this age are very impressionable.(来源：柯林斯词 典)名词：impression(印象；感觉)；例句：My first impression of him was favorable.(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词： impressor(印象派画家；印象主义者)：例句：He is a well-known impressor.(来源：专业艺术词典)动词过去式/ 过去分词：impressed(规则变化，直接加-ed);例句：I was impressed by his performance..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 动词现在分词：impressing(规则变化，直接加-ing);例句：He is trying to impress the interviewer.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：amaze:动词，使惊奇；例句：The magician's tricks amazed the audience.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： strike:动词，给…以印象；例句：What struck me most was his kindness..（来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：shock: 动词，使震惊；例句：The news really shocked me.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：impress sb.with sth.:用某物给某人留下深刻印象：适用于描述通过展示事物来使他人产生深刻印象的场 景，语法上with后接展示的事物；例句：He impressed the interviewer with his knowledge.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短 语2：be impressed by1 at/with:对…印象深刻；适用于表达个人感受的场景，语法上by/at/with后接令人印象 深刻的人或事物；例句：I was impressed by his honesty.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：impress sth.on upon sb.: 使某人铭记某事；适用于强调教导或提醒的场景，语法上on/upon后接人；例句：My mother impressed on me the importance of being honest.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：impress oneself on/upon sb.:使自己给某人留下印象； 适用于描述个人在他人面前展现自我的场景；例句：He tried to impress himself on the new group.(来源：专业英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去分词形式作形容词的用法：原题：The sights of the city never fail to foreign tourists.(答 案：impress)考法2：考察固定搭配be impressed by:原题：_ (impress)by his speech,the students decided to work harder.(答案：Impressed) (来源：教材) adapt 词义与词性 ■()(v.):使适应；使适合 You should adapt yourself to the new environment.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(v.):改编；改写 The play is adapted from a novel.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：adaptable(能适应的；可改编的)例句：An adaptable person is good at adjusting to new situations.（来源：牛 津高阶词典)名词：adaptation(适应；改编本)例句：This movie is an adaptation of a famous novel.(来源：柯林斯词 典)动词过去式I过去分词：adapted(规则变化，直接加-ed)例句：The story has been adapted for the stage.(来源： 牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：adapting(直接加-ing)例句：He is adapting the book into a script.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：adjust(v.):调整；使适应例句：You need to adjust your watch to the local time.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近 义词：accommodate(v.):使适应；容纳例句：The school can accommodate2000 students..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：adapt to:适应；适用于描述人或事物适应新环境、新情况等场景，语法上to后接适应的对象；例句：Animals can adapt to changes in the environment..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：adapt from:根据…改编；适用于描述文 学、艺术作品等的改编场景，语法上from后接改编的原作；例句：The film is adapted from a true story..(来源：柯 林斯词典)短语3：adapt oneself to.:使自己适应；适用于强调个人主动去适应的场景，语法上oneself根据主语变 化；例句：You should adapt yourself to the new rules..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：He quickl」 (adapt)to the new job last year..（答案adapted)考法2：考察 固定搭配adapt to;原题：It took her a long time to_. _the cold weather..(答案：adapt to) (来源：教材) surf 词义与词性 ■()(v.):冲浪；进行冲浪运动 He likes to surf in the sea.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):浏览（互联网）：在网上查找信息 I often surf the Internet for news.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■-名词：surfer(冲浪者)；例句：Many surfers come to this beach.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-动词现在分词：surfing; 例句：Surfing is a popular water sport.(来源：朗文当代词典)-动词过去式和过去分词：surfed(规则变化，直接加 -ed);例句：He surfed the Internet yesterday..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：ride the waves(v.):冲浪；例句：He loves to ride the waves in summer.(来源：韦氏大词典)-近义词： browse(v.):浏览；例句：She browsed through the magazines.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：surf the Internet::浏览互联网；适用于描述在网络上查找信息的场景，语法上“the Internet”为固定搭 配；例句：I surf the Internet every day.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：go surfing:去冲浪；适用于描述进行冲 浪这项运动的场景，语法上用go加动词的-ing形式；例句：We are going surfing this weekend.(来源：朗文当代词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题： (surf)the Intemet too much is bad for your eyes.(答案：Surfing)考法 2:考察固定搭配surf the Internet;原题：1 often_ (surf)the Internet on weekends.(答案：surf (来源：教材) independent 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj):独立的；自主的；自立的 She has an independent mind.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):不相关的；无关联的 The two events are independent of each other.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj.)(adj):私营的；独立经营的 an independent school(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-名词：independence:独立；自主；例句：The country gained its independence in196O.(来源：牛津高阶词典)- 副词：independently:独立地；自主地；例句：She finished the work independently.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：self-reliant:形容词，自力更生的；例句：He is a self-reliant man.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： autonomous:形容词，自治的；例句：They have an autonomous region.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：sovereign: 形容词，独立的；例句：a sovereign state(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be independent of:独立于…；不依赖…；适用于描述人或事物不依赖其他事物的场景，语法上of后接 所不依赖的对象；例句：She is independent of her parents financially.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：independent thinking:独立思考；适用于教育、学习等场景，作名词短语；例句：Ne should encourage students'independent thinking.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：independent study:自主学习；适用于学习场景，作名词短语；例句：Independent study is very important in college.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词词义及用法：原题：As we all∥know,children should be encouraged to be (独立的)thinkers.(答案： independent)考法2：考察固定搭配be independent of:原题：You should be_ _your parents when you grow up. (答案：independent of (来源：教材) section 词义与词性 ■(n.)():部分；部门；处；科；股；章节；段落；（事物的）区，块，片；（群体的）部分，界；（物品的）部件，零 件：（机械的）段，节；（数学中的）截面，剖面：（音乐中的）乐段；（法律文件的）条，款，项：（美国等国家的） 一平方英里土地；（城市、国家等的）区域，地段 The first section of the report deals with the company's financial situation.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：sectional(部分的；地区的；节的；截面的)例句：The sectional view shows the interior of the machine.(来 源：柯林斯词典)；动词：sectionize(把…分成段落；把…分成区)例句：The area was sectionized for different uses (来源：韦氏词典)：动词过去式I过去分词：sectioned(规则变化，直接加-ed)例句：The cake was sectioned into equal pieces.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；动词现在分词：sectioning(直接加-ing)例句：He is sectioning the wood for the project..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：part(n):部分：例句：A large part of the city was destroyed in the war..(来源：牛津高阶词典)：-近义 词：division(n.):部分；部门；例句：The company is divided into several divisions.(来源：柯林斯词典)：-近义 词：segment(n.):部分；片段；例句：The market is segmented into different groups..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：a section of::一部分；一段；一片：适用于描述整体中的一部分的场景，语法上后接名词；例句：A section of the road is closed for repairs.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：in section::在截面图中；适用于描述通过截面展示 事物内部结构的场景；例句：The machine is shown in section in the diagram.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：section of:把…分隔开；适用于将一个区域分隔成不同部分的场景，语法上后接分隔的区域；例句：They sectioned off a part of the room for a storage area.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语4：cross-section:横截面；典型例子；适用于描 述物体的横截面或者具有代表性的例子的场景；例句：The cross-section ofthe tree shows its age.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式：原题：The report is divided into several (section.(答案：sections):考法2：考 察固定搭配a section of:原题： the audience left the concert early.(答案：A section of) (来源：教材) reveal 词义与词性 ■()(V.):揭示；透露；显示 The report reveals that poverty is more widespread than previously thought.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):展现；展示 He slowly pulled back the curtain to reveal a beautiful garden.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：revelation;动词过去式和过去分词：revealed(规则变化，直接加-ed);动词现在分词：revealing;形容词： revealing;:例句：The revelation of the truth shocked everyone.(来源：牛津高阶词典)例句：She revealed her secret tome.(来源：柯林斯词典)例句：The article is very revealing about his private life.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：disclose:动词，透露；近义词：uncover:动词，揭露；近义词：expose:动词，暴露；例句：He disclosed his plan to us..(来源：牛津高阶词典)例句：The police uncovered a plot to rob the bank..(来源：柯林斯词典)例句： The scandal exposed his true character..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：reveal sth.tosb.:向某人透露某事；适用于信息传递场景，语法上to后接接收信息的人；例句：She revealed her feelings to him.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：reveal oneself:表明身份；适用于表明自己是谁的场景；例句： Finally,,the spy revealed himself.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：The survey. _(eveal)that most people are satisfied with the service.(答案： revealed)考法2：考察eveal后接宾语从句的用法：原题：The letter (reveal)that she had been ill for a long time. 案：revealed) (来源：教材) responsible 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj):负有责任的；应承担责任的 The driver is responsible for the accident.(来源：牛津高阶词典)