Unit 4 Achievements（单元测试·提升卷）英语沪教版2020必修第二册

2025-2026学年高一必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 4 ·提升卷（参考答案） I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） 1-5 CADAA 6-10 AADAB 11-13 DCA 14-16 ACB 17-20 ADCA II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A 21．calculating 22．when 23．more likely 24．at 25．to get 26．why 27．may/can/could/might 28．once 29．have been trying 30．their Section B 31．B 32．J 33．H 34．A 35．C 36．E 37．G 38．D 39．K 40．F III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A 41．D 42．C 43．C 44．D 45．A 46．B 47．B 48．D 49．A 50．C 51．A 52．B 53．B 54．C 55．A Section B 56．B 57．A 58．D 59．A 60．B 61．B 62．D 63．D 64．A 65．B 66．A Section C 67．B 68．C 69．F 70．D IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Putting on a pair of socks at bedtime helps you sleep better. Wearing socks promotes vasodilation, lowering the body’s core temperature faster, so that you will fall asleep faster. Warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) 72.We’d better set aside a certain amount of money every month in case emergency occurs. 73.Next month, the company will launch a new model targeting young people in their twenties. 74.The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, with a letter of thanks enclosed. The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, enclosing a letter of thanks. 75.Summer Huizhou study tour is a rare opportunity to experience intangible cultural heritage, where students can fully appreciate the so-called artisan spirit. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Dear parents,       I know you oppose my idea of adopting a puppy, and I understand your concerns. You think that having a dog will distract me from my study, and you’re afraid that I’ll spend too much time on it instead of focusing on schoolwork.       But I love animals deeply. A dog can bring so much joy and comfort to my life. When I feel stressed during my study, playing with it can be a great relaxation. Also, having a dog will teach me how to be responsible.       If you allow me to have a dog, I will make a strict schedule. I’ll ensure that I finish all my study tasks first and then take care of the dog. I’ll make sure that having a dog will not have a negative impact on my study. I hope you can understand me. Yours, Li Ming 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高一必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 4 ·提升卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a Japanese restaurant. B. On a farm. C. In a tea shop. D. At a make-up store. 2. A. A traffic jam. B. A major accident. C. The interstate highway. D. The morning exercises. 3. A. A painter. B. A farmer. C. An architect. D. An astronaut. 4. A. Work on a report. B. Meet the woman in her office. C. Pick up his son from school. D. Prepare dinner for the woman. 5. A. Cooperative learning. B. Plan making. C. Being attentive in class. D. Taking classmates' advice. 6. A. What the book described still applies to modern society. B. She was thinking about reading the book again. C. This month's book recommended by her. D. The American Dream wasn't thoroughly explored in the book. 7. A. He thinks he selected a nice scarf. B. He wants to know what color the jacket is. C. He wants to know which scarf the woman chose. D. He thinks any color would go well with the jacket. 8. A. Make a plan for the moving. B. Finish the homework for the man. C. Turn on the light for the man. D. Help with the moving process. 9. A. The notes may be in the woman's bag. B. He needs the notes for his biology class. C. The woman can borrow his notes. D. He remembers seeing the notes. 10. A. Laurie wants to play music with other people. B. Laurie taught herself to play the guitar. C. Laurie has a summer job playing guitar. D. Laurie has little musical talent. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. An incident that stopped her being on a diet. B. An incident that reminded her of her worth. C. An incident that almost killed her life. D. An incident that got her to lose weight. 12. A. Remain seated. B. Push the car. C. Leave the car. D. Call someone for help. 13. A. Thankful. B. Embarrassed. C. Offended. D. Worthless. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Humans. B. Roads. C. Bridges. D. Buildings. 15. A. There will be 900 gigatonnes(十亿吨) of trees and 4 gigatonnes of animals. B. Artificial stuff will outweigh natural stuff for the first time. C. Man-made objects will weigh three times more than natural ones. D. The total mass of living things will double that of 140 years ago. 16. A. It reminds us of the gradual decrease of natural resources. B. It highlights our responsibility for environmental sustainability. C. It shows how development results in environmental damage. D. It overturns a theory of human management of the environment. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Their reflections on the use of symbolism in literature. B. Their interest in exploring literature in different ways. C. Their personal understanding of “The Old Man and the Sea”. D. Their divided opinions on writing techniques used in literature. 18. A. The imagery. B. Seasons. C. Colors. D. The river. 19. A. Their use of vivid descriptions for realism. B. Their preference for using complex vocabulary. C. Their skill in adding depth with specific details. D. Their ability to write long stories. 20. A. Enlightening. B. Challenging. C. Irrelevant. D. Straightforward. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How good are you at maths? Some people love the challenge of algebra or enjoy working out number puzzles such as Sudoko. Maths is all around us, from working out how to split the bill after a meal, to 21 (calculate) your household bills. But many fear the moment 22 they have to deal with numbers and figures and feel a real sense of worry and confusion. It can seem  daunting, but  this ‘maths anxiety’ is perfectly normal, and you’re definitely not alone. And anyway, our worries and fears don’t necessarily reflect our ability. The problem really starts in childhood, at school. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their anxiety to the pupils, and girls may be 23 (likely) to be affected. The Programme for International Student Assessment found around 31%of 15 and 16-year-olds across 34 countries said they got very nervous doing maths problems, 33% said they got  tense doing maths homework, and nearly 60% said maths classes would be difficult. Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University’s Questrom School of Business, told the BBC she believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models “is critical, especially 24 a young age”. She thinks the key is 25 (get) people, especially women, who love teaching maths to younger children. Writing for BBC Future, David Robson says “It’s not clear 26 maths arouses so much fear compared to geography. But the fact that there’s a right or wrong answer — there’s no room for bluffing — 27   make you more worried about underperforming.” And 28 we assume we’re not a ‘maths person’, we avoid solving things that we probably could do. Psychologists 29 (try) to work out why mental arithmetic can bring us out in a sweat. That seed of fear may come from many sources, but some suggest that expressing your fears can loosen 30 control on you, and encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat. Ideally, we need to think positively about maths and give it a second chance. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．claimed    B．evacuate    C． fabrics    D．regular    E. significantly    F. sink G. rainstorms    H. similar    I. initially    J. swallowing    K. thought “It was a wave of water,” says Oulimata Sambe. She points out the still-sodden(湿透的) armchairs, muddy wardrobe and the water stain a metre and a half up the wall in her small house in Ngor, a fishing village within Dakar, the capital of Senegal. “I had two grandkids on my bed, I had to 31 them out of the window,” she adds. Not faraway, underpasses on Dakar’s scenic corniche(滨海路) became car- 32 lakes. Just weeks earlier another downpour had turned quiet streets in Dakar into raging rivers and collapsed a section of motorway. 33 events regularly occur across the region. Recent flooding and landslides also killed eight people in Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone. In June flooding killed 12 people in Abidjan, the commercial capital of Ivory Coast. Floods in Lagos, Nigeria’s commercial capital, 34 another seven lives. Even when they are not deadly, city floods ruin lives and livelihoods. Storm water recently flooded the biggest textile(纺织业) market in Kano, a city in northern Nigeria, destroying hundreds of thousands of dollars’ worth of 35 . Unusually heavy rains have become 36 more common over the past 30 years, leaving huge numbers of people at risk. In places this is partly because of deforestation. A recent study by Christopher Taylor of the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, a research institute, and his coauthors found that afternoon 37 in deforested parts of coastal west Africa happen twice as often compared with 30 years ago. Their frequency went up by only about a third in places that kept their forests. Yet 38 flooding of cities in west Africa is not only caused by heavier rain. Unplanned urbanization is also to blame. As cities have grown, builders have thrown up concrete walls with little 39 about providing drainage, making it harder for water to find a clear path to the sea. As ever larger areas have been paved over, there has been less exposed soil into which water can gently 40 away. And as cites get more packed with new arrivals, their few functioning drains get overwhelmed or clogged. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context At a time when scientists know more than they ever have before about the inner lives of animals and when concerns about animal rights become large, many experts think that zoos need a major change if they’ re going to last. To some leaders in the field, the Philadelphia Zoo is the best model out there, but on the other side of the country, a 41 vision of the future is playing out. At Seattle’s Woodland Park Zoo, the elephant exhibit, where countless children watched elephants play, now sits 42 . The zoo, long 43 as a world leader in innovative design, built a $3 million state-of-the-art facility for the species in the 1980s. But in recent years, animal-rights advocates had criticized the exhibit as inhumane for being too small and not 44 the elephants’ natural living area. Under pressure from activists following the death of an elephant in 2014, and thanks to new guidelines from the nation’s main zoo organization, Woodland Park officials decided to 45 one of its most popular exhibits and place the elephants elsewhere. Nearly two centuries after the first modern zoo opened in London’s Regent’s Park, the very concept of a place where families can visit and observe animals is being 46 like never before. Across the U. S. and around the world, zoos are finding that balancing the demands of entertainment, education and conservation is increasingly 47 . Ethical (伦理的) concerns have been coupled with 48 fears — both for people and for animals — following an incident in May when officials at the Cincinnati Zoo shot and killed a 17-year-old gorilla named Harambe to protect a child who’d fallen into the exhibit. More 49 , there’s a greater sensitivity to the environmental implications of zoos. Ask a dozen zoo directors why these places should exist today and you’ll get a different answer every time. Education, conservation and science all 50 . But the 51 answer is cultivating sympathy for animals. Study after study has shown that many animal species are far smarter and more 52 than previously understood, giving new insights into how they may suffer from anxiety and depression when they are removed from 53 . That has forced a difficult existential question: If we acknowledge that creatures suffer when they’re trapped. should they be kept in zoos? Not even those who have 54 the cause for more humane exhibits have an answer. “Even the best zoos today are based on captivity and coercion (囚禁与胁迫).” says Jon Coe, the legendary zoo designer, “To me, that’s the 55 fault.” 41．A．shared B．traditional C．clear D．different 42．A．modern B．crowded C．empty D．up-dated 43．A．predicted B．criticized C．recognized D．recalled 44．A．famous for B．dependent on C．certain about D．reflective of 45．A．close B．sustain C．open D．advertise 46．A．established B．questioned C．promoted D．accepted 47．A．possible B．difficult C．unnatural D．beneficial 48．A．culture B．economy C．environment D．safety 49．A．broadly B．strangely C．luckily D．amazingly 50．A．take in B．get off C．come up D．set out 51．A．most common B．most complex C．rarest D．quickest 52．A．grateful B．feeling C．disappointing D．annoying 53．A．research B．nature C．existence D．shelter 54．A．opposed B．located C．advanced D．twisted 55．A．fundamental B．manageable C．minimum D．maximum Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) As a kid growing up in a suburb of London, I loved to go looking for the perfect park bench. Some Sunday mornings, my dad could be persuaded to drive to new parks. We’d have a kick-around with a soccer ball, share a bag of Dotritos and check out all the benches in the area, reading the words on them. The good park bench leaves me in a state, somewhere between nostalgia (怀旧) and eager antic ration (一份滑稽). Where once I was excited by the words carved on wood, I now find, as a 10-year-old, that I’m more appreciative of each bench’s quiet stoicism (坦然谈定), the way they are willing to wait out their tum in every weather, remaining available to all-comers. Like a good book or piece of music, a park bench allows for a sense of solitude and community at the same time, which is crucial to life in a great city. Part of my recession with park benches is as spaces where history settles. By planting seeds of curiosity, and making space for reflection, park benches become doors to the past. Maybe that’s the greatest power of the park bench: its rapacity (贪婪) encourages the art of observation. A good bench catches us in our quietest, most vulnerable moments, when we may be open to imagining new nanauves and revisiting old ones. Our masks are taken off, hung from the bench’s wrought iron. On other nearby benches,babies are being burped (打嗝). Glances exchanged. Sandwiches eaten. Newspapers read it. Lately, I’ve found me sitting on a lot of cramped metal benches of the kind that don’t invite you to stay long, or uneasy ones that leave you cold. That’s because public seating is becoming an endangered species. Our cities are becoming more like Disneyland, which has been quietly removing public seating and replacing it with more restaurant seating. If you want a moment’s rest in 2Ist-century America, you have to open your wallet. One recent Sunday, I wandered through Central Park. To be in Central Park in what is hopefully the pandemic’s twilight is to be reminded of the beauty of living in a city that still makes space for park benches in the modem cityscape. 56．How did the writer lead in the topic? A．By describing the scene of the park. B．By introducing his childhood experience. C．By revealing his passion for London. D．By showing his father’s affection for him. 57．What can we learn about the writer after he grew up? A．He liked the feel park benches brought to him. B．He enjoyed the peace in the park very much. C．He was still crazy about the words on the bench. D．He was suffering great frustration in his 40s. 58．What does the underlined word “solitude” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Achievements. B．Loss. C．Happiness. D．Privacy. 59．Why is public seating becoming an endangered species? A．It is commercialized. B．It is usually made of metal. C．It is quite out of date. D．It is uncomfortable to sit there. (B) Below is a screenshot of book review on a bestseller My Life on Craigslist. Krysi Joseph 4.0 out of 5 stars Odd, fun and cute story. Great read This was a cute, lighthearted book that explores the life of a Craigslist addict, and how Craiglist, a large free classifieds (分类广告) website, got her through her life so far. The story was well thought out and pretty realistic when it comes to life struggles. It gets a little unbelievable towards the end, and I don’t like it when authors conform to the ‘the world is perfect’ viewpoint most books have, but, that my pessimist breaking through. The book needs some serious editing. She’s repeated the same exact line 3-4 times a couple of and ... (click for more) Kindle Customer 3.0 out of 5 stars Would Have Given it 4 stars, but ... The book went along well. Funny and totally in the here and now. I would have given it more if SPOILER ALERT (剧透警告): It didn’t end with her in a love relationship with the guy she had been spying on that fit her. Seriously, it went ... (click for more) Lovetoread 4.0 out of 5 stars Beach or vacation read — it’s worth it! I was intrigued by the description, so I gave it a shot. I’m glad I did. I was never like the main character, Emily, so it’s interesting to read about her aimless life. She lives on Craigslist - finding roommates, finding work, finding social ... (click for more) Annabellall 5.0 out of 5 stars Lifting my spirits type unforgettable and funny book I read and instantly loved this book, because it is witty and entertaining but at the same time has philosophical and psychological background with an honest look at the real life in a big city. It perfectly shows how a single young woman, while living there and surviving ... (click for more) 60．Who likes the book My Life on Craigslist most? A．Krysi Joseph. B．Annabellall. C．Kindle Customer. D．Lovetoread. 61．Which of the following do both Kindle Customer and Krysi Joseph agree on? A．The book deserves a good rating. B．The ending of the book is disappointing. C．The book is popular with Craigslist addicts. D．The book would have been perfect without editing errors. 62．What is the purpose of the text ? A．To advertise a bestseller. B．To recommend a website. C．To share a woman’s story. D．To present reviews of a book. (C) As countless unmade beds and unfinished homework assignments prove, kids need rules. Yet how parents make demands can powerfully influence a child’s social skills, psychologists at the University of Virginia recently found after the conclusion on a study investigating the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Initially 184 13-year-olds filled out multiple surveys, including one to assess how often their parents employed psychologically controlling strategies, such as threatening to withdraw affection. The kids rated, for example how typical it would be for Dad to suggest that “if I really cared for him, I would not do things that caused him to worry” or for Mom to become “less friendly when I did not see things her way.” The researchers followed up with the subjects at ages 18 and 21, asking the young adults to bring along a close friend. These pairs were asked to answer questions that were purposefully written to cause a difference of opinion. “We wanted to see whether they could handle a disagreement in a healthy way,” says study leader Barbara Oudekerk, now at the U.S. Department of Justice’s Bureau of Statistics. In the October issue of Child Development, Oudekerk and her colleagues report that the 13-year-olds who had highly controlling parents floundered in friendly disagreements at age 18. They had difficulty stating their opinions in a confident, reasoned manner in comparison to the kids without controlling parents. And when they did speak up, they often failed to express themselves in warm and productive ways. The researchers suspect that controlling parents affect their child’s ability to learn how to argue his or her own viewpoint in other relationships. Although parents do need to set boundaries， dominating strategies imply that any disagreement will damage the bond itself. Separate findings suggest that parents who explain the reasons behind their rules and turn disagreements into conversations leave youngsters better prepared for future disagreements. The consequences of tense or dominating relationships appear to worsen with time. This study also found that social difficulties at 18 predicted even poorer communication abilities at age 21. Psychologist Shmuel Shulman of Bar-llan University in Israel, who did not participate in the work, thinks these conclusions convincingly reveal how relationship patterns “carry forward” into new friendships. 63．What did the researchers from the University of Virginia do in their research? A．They asked kids about how they got along with their parents. B．They surveyed some parents about what rules kids needed. C．They inquired into what the kids’ friends thought of them. D．They traced their subjects for nearly eight years. 64．The phrase “floundered in” (in paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to ___. A．struggled with B．dealt with C．looked over D．took over 65．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Shmuel Shulman thinks more evidence is needed for the new research. B．Controlling parents’ influence on their kids gets stronger as time goes by. C．21-year-olds are more eager to be free of parents’ control than 18-year-olds. D．Kids can handle disagreement better if their parents get along well with each other. 66．What is the passage mainly about? A．Pushy parents could harm their kids’ social skills. B．Kids should learn what friendly disagreements are. C．Parents; affection matters in terms of kids; personality. D．Few parents explain the reasons why they set boundaries. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. A．Some therapists utilize techniques that act against the physical symptoms of fear. B．Survival may hot hang in the balance, but social, professional or financial success can seem to be in grave danger. C．All these symptoms eat away at the very resources needed to rise to the occasion: steady hands, clear memory and a cool head. D．The individual begins by imagining failure, works himself or herself into a state and then criticizes his or her own abilities. E．At Harvard, Powell found that facing anxiety can be a hard task, but many times the fear arises from completely controllable preconditions. F．Because performance anxiety arises when other people are present, many psychologists believe that the condition is a sub-category of social anxiety. Fear is good; in emergencies, it enables us to fight or flee. But often we get scared at the wrong time - when we step onto the field for a big soccer game or up to the microphone at a large town meeting. Professional athletes and actors say some nervousness help them concentrate better. But, when performance anxiety is too powerful, it undermines our efforts; a violinist cannot find the correct notes, a manager in a meeting forgets all the talking points. 67 . The human anxiety reaction begins almost automatically and includes clear physiological symptoms; a racing heart, sweating, stomach pains. Some people have trouble breathing or feel faint. Thus alarmed, victims may withdraw into themselves or shock others around them with aggressive outbursts. If the need to perform is a regular requirement, they may suffer from nightmares or fall into depression. 68 Studies reveal that anxiety-plagued executives and less able to apply logical intelligence on standard tests than calmer colleagues 69 Yet psychologist Douglas H. Powell of Harvard Medical School is convinced that severe stage fright is a phenomenon unto itself, given that it appears in only certain well-defined situations. Sociophobes (社恐的人) , in contrast, suffer merely when others are present. Whereas people with social phobias fear the negative feelings of others, those swith performance anxiety are their own harshest critics. They are perfectionists and would rather cancel an appearance — or avoid it —than not meet their own standards and, by extension, not be able to demonstrate how good they are. This destructive style of thinking often arises from a lack of self-esteem. 70 Previous bad experiences can be a trigger —an embarrassing experience in a school play or a single failed test can sometimes arouse such strong feelings of shame in youngsters that as adults they will avoid any remotely similar undertaking. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Socks Help You Sleep Better If you’re one of those people who has trouble falling asleep, listen up. You might fall asleep 15 minutes earlier and wake up far less during the night if you put on a pair of socks at bedtime. To understand why you first need to grasp the relationship between core body temperature and sleep. During daylight hours, the human body hums along at an average temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius). But at night, your core body temperature dips as much as 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.2 degrees Celsius) over the course of six or seven hours of sleep. This gradual decrease in core body temperature, as it turns out, is a key part of the complicated neurobiological (神经生物学) dance of falling asleep and staying asleep. And the faster you can lower the core body temperature, the faster you will fall asleep. Researchers have show that warming the feet before going to sleep using a warm feet bath or by wearing socks promotes vasodilation (血管扩张), which in turn lowers the body’s core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold, bare feet. Scientists suppose that socked feet have a neurological effect as well. Inside the brain’s “thermostat (恒湿器)” is a type of neuron called a warm-sensitive neuron (WSN) that increases its firing rate when there’s a temperature difference between the body’s core temperature and extremities like the feet. Research has shown that WSN firing rates go way up on the beginning or slow wave or deep sleep and gradually decrease prior to waking up. So WSNs may play a role in generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. And if that is the case, warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power. In a small study, researchers found that wearing a pair of special sleeping socks not only sped up the beginning of sleep, but increased overall sleep time by an average of 30 minutes and cut nighttime waking periods in half. If you are worried about becoming too warm while wearing socks in bed, look for ones made of natural breathable fibers. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72．我们最好每个月留出一定数额的钱, 以防紧急情况发生。(in case) ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】We’d better set aside a certain amount of money every month in case emergency occurs. 73．下个月公司将推出新型号的产品，该产品以20多岁的年轻人为目标。(launch) ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Next month, the company will launch a new model targeting young people in their twenties. 74．再次见面时，他送给我一本新出版的书，里面附有一封感谢信。(enclose) ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, with a letter of thanks enclosed. 75．暑期的徽州研学是一次体验非物质文化遗产千载难逢的机会，学生们可以从中充分领略到所谓的工匠精神。(where) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是高中生李明，你非常喜欢小动物，很想领养一只小狗。可你的父母认为养狗会影响你的学习，坚决不同意，为此你们已经争执过几次。你很想说服你的父母，又不想再次冲突，于是给他们写了一封信。你在信中提到了： 父母的顾虑有哪些? 你坚持的理由是什么? 如果能如愿，你会怎么做? (信中不要提及真实姓名及个人信息) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $One listening comprehension section a directions. In section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation and the question about IT, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice is the best answer to the question you have heard. Now you have one hundred seconds to read all the choices on the screen. One, I love Green tea. Can you recommend something a little different from the usual? Certainly, have you tried? The meta is a japanese Green tea mix with roasted Brown rice. IT has a unique flavor you might enjoy. Question, where does the conversation most probably take place? too. Hey. did you get caught . in the massive traffic jam on the interstate this morning? Yeah. IT took me almost an hour. Just move a few miles. Heard IT was due to a major accident. Question. what are the . speakers mainly talking about? Three, we . ventured orbit . around the uncharted planet, the surfaces, unlike anything we've seen before. copy that prepared to send the surface analysis data. Question, who is most probably the man? For would . you please come . to my office at five o'clock before dinner? Can I meet you tomorrow? My son will be home from school at five thirty. and I must finish this . report before . then question. what is the man going to do first? Five, your improvement in the last exam was impressive. What study method did you find most effective? I started forming study groups with classmates, and they made a huge difference. Thank you for the advice question. According to the men, what helped them make improvements in the exam? Six. what did you think . of this month's book the great god's be? I loved IT fitch's exploration of the american dream really make me think about its relevance today. Question. what does . the woman mean? Seven, thanks a lot. This scarf will be perfect with my blue . jacket made a good choice. Did IN what does the . man mean? Eight. moving is no easy job. but many hands make light work. Let's get this done together. Thank you very much for your kindness. With your assistance, i'm sure this can be finished in no time. Question, what does the woman offer to do? Nine, you haven't seen my biology notes, have you? I'm almost positive. I ve left them on my desk and now I can't find them. Hum. I don't think I have. Did you try checking your bag? question? What does the man mean? Ten, I knew worry played the piano, but I didn't know he played the guitar. Neither the die IT seemed SHE just picked IT up on her own over the summer. Question, what does the woman mean? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passengers and one long, longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passengers and the conversation. The passengers in the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice would be the best answer to the question. You have heard questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. Now you have thirty seconds to read all the choices on the screen. I don't mind a meeting that losing weight was real struggle. I didn't feel good either physically or mentally. In fact, there were times when I felt so sick that I didn't go to work. I battle to lose weight for fifteen years, but in the end he took a really embarrassing incident to make me do something about IT. About three years ago, my husband, sister in long and I were driving up a steep hill. IT had been snowing, and the engine just wouldn't pull that. My husband ask me if i'd mind getting out of the car I did, and the car gets flew up the hill. We solve the problem, but i've never felt so embarrassed in all my life. I sometimes look back and ask myself why I didn't even get angry with my husband. Why did I have to get out? But at the time, I didn't even question IT. That was a classic example of how I felt about myself worthless. I decided that I was never going to suffer that kind of pain again. So the very next morning I went on a diet. I'd played with ways of losing weight before, but has never been on a real diet before. Then IT was hard work, and I almost gave up several times, but IT worked. The more weight I lost, the Better I felt. Three years later, i'm forty kilos lighter and a changed person. Now listen again. I don't mind a meeting that losing weight was real struggle. I didn't feel good either physically or mentally. In fact, there were times when I felt so sick that I didn't go to work. I battled to lose weight for fifteen years, but in the end, he took a really embarrassing incident to make me do something about IT. About three years ago, my husband, sister in long and I were driving up a steep hill. IT had been snowing, and the engine just wouldn't pull that. My husband asked me if i'd mind getting out of the car I did, and the car gets flew up the hill. We solve the problem, but i've never felt so embarrassed in all my life. I sometimes look back and ask myself why I didn't even get angry with my husband. Why did I have to get out? But at the time I didn't even question IT. That was a classic example of how I felt about myself worthless. I decided that I was never going to suffer that kind of pain again. So the very next morning I went on a diet. I'd played with ways of losing weight before, but had never been on a real diet before. Then IT was hard work, and I almost gave up several times, but IT worked. The more weight I lost, the Better I felt. Three years later, i'm forty kilos lighter and a changed person. Questions. what is the speaker mainly talking about? Twelve. what did the speaker's . husband ask her to do when their car didn't work well? Thirteen. how does the speaker . feel about the incident when he looks back? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. Now you have thirty seconds to read all the choices on the screen. Ron milo and his colleagues at wiseman instituted science in israel have estimated the mass of all artificial and living things on the planet. They say that twenty twenty may have been the year in which you many these creations outweigh s natural stuff. The team says that in nineteen hundred, the massive human made objects was only three percent of the total mass of all living things refer to as bio mass. Now the mass of artificial objects is, on course, three times that of living bio mass. By twenty forty, most of the human made mass is an infrastructure such as buildings, bridges and roads, while trees and shrubs make up ninety percent of living. Bio eh. For example, the team estimates there are one thousand, one hundred gig tons of buildings and a gig tons of plastic on the planet, compared with nine hundred giger tons of trees and four digger tons of animals, including humans. The researchers say the total mass of living things on earth has remained roughly the same since nineteen hundred. While the mass of human made objects has doubled about every twenty years. They don't know exactly when artificial mass overtook or will overtake bio mass, but there is probably between twenty fourteen and twenty twenty six. This study serves to strongly underlined the need for wise and informed human management of the environment, says germany was at imperial . college london. Now listen . again. Ron milo and his colleagues at wiseman instituted science in israel have estimated the mass of all artificial and living things on the planet. They say that twenty twenty may have been the year in which humanity creations outweigh natural stuff. The team says that in nineteen hundred, the mass of human made objects was only three percent of the total mass of all living things refer to as bio mass. Now the mass of artificial objects is, on course, three times that of living bio mass. By twenty forty, most of the human made mass is an infrastructure such as buildings, bridges and roads, while trees and shrubbes make up ninety percent of living. Bio eh. For example, the team estimates there are one thousand, one hundred gig tones of buildings and eight gig tons of plastic on the planet, compared with nine hundred gigatons of trees and four giga tons of animals, including humans. The researchers say the total mass of living things on earth has remained roughly the same since nineteen hundred, while the mass of human made objects has doubled about every twenty years. They don't know exactly when artificial mass overtook or will overtake bio mass, but see, IT is probably between twenty fourteen and twenty twenty six. This study serves to strongly underlined the need for wise and informed human management of the environment, says Jimmy woods at imperial college london. Questions . fourteen. which of the file must be included when biomass is estimated? Fifteen. according to the research . team's prediction, what is likely to happen on the earth by twenty . forty sixteen. according to germany. was what is the significance of ron milo and his team study. Question seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Now you have forty seconds to read all the choices on the screen. Hey, what did you think about today's literature? Class discussion on symbolism? I found IT really interesting. I've never thought about how deeply symbols can influence our understanding of a story. Yeah, like the example of the river in the old man and the sea. I never realized IT represented the boundary between life and death exactly. And how about the use of season to symbolize stages of life? That was a revelation to me. Me too. He makes me look at literature in a whole new light. Did you have a favorite part of the discussion? I think discussing the symbolism behind colors was my favorite, like how red can signify both love and danger. That was a highlight for me as well. It's amazing how authors use such details to add layers of meaning to their work. Definitely, IT makes me eager to read more and uncover symbols on my own. What's our next reading assignment? We're moving on to imagery next. It's going to be fascinating to see how IT is used to tell stories. I can't wait. Today's class really opened my eyes to the beauty of literature. Now listen . again. Hey, what did you think about today's literature? Class discussion on symbolism? I found IT really interesting. I've never thought about how deeply symbols can influence our understanding of a story. Yeah, like the example of the river in the old man and the sea, I never realized IT represented the boundary between life and death. exactly. And how about the use of season to symbolize stages of life? That was a revelation to me. Me too. He makes me look at literature in a whole new light. Did you have a favorite part of the discussion? I think discussing the symbolism behind colors was my favorite, like how red can signify both love and danger. That was a highlight for me as well. It's amazing how authors use such details to add layers of meaning to their work. Definitely, IT makes me eager to read more and uncover symbols on my own. What's our next reading assignment? We're moving on to imagine next. It's going to be fascinating to see how IT is used to tell stories. I can't wait. Today's class really opened my eyes to the . beauty of literature. Questions . seventeen. what are the speakers mainly talking about? Eighteen. which of the following . represents the boundary between life and death in the old men and the sea? Nineteen. what do the speakers . appreciate about authors based on the conversation? Twenty. what do the speakers . think of today's literature class? 2025-2026学年高一必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 4 ·提升卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a Japanese restaurant. B. On a farm. C. In a tea shop. D. At a make-up store. 2. A. A traffic jam. B. A major accident. C. The interstate highway. D. The morning exercises. 3. A. A painter. B. A farmer. C. An architect. D. An astronaut. 4. A. Work on a report. B. Meet the woman in her office. C. Pick up his son from school. D. Prepare dinner for the woman. 5. A. Cooperative learning. B. Plan making. C. Being attentive in class. D. Taking classmates' advice. 6. A. What the book described still applies to modern society. B. She was thinking about reading the book again. C. This month's book recommended by her. D. The American Dream wasn't thoroughly explored in the book. 7. A. He thinks he selected a nice scarf. B. He wants to know what color the jacket is. C. He wants to know which scarf the woman chose. D. He thinks any color would go well with the jacket. 8. A. Make a plan for the moving. B. Finish the homework for the man. C. Turn on the light for the man. D. Help with the moving process. 9. A. The notes may be in the woman's bag. B. He needs the notes for his biology class. C. The woman can borrow his notes. D. He remembers seeing the notes. 10. A. Laurie wants to play music with other people. B. Laurie taught herself to play the guitar. C. Laurie has a summer job playing guitar. D. Laurie has little musical talent. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. An incident that stopped her being on a diet. B. An incident that reminded her of her worth. C. An incident that almost killed her life. D. An incident that got her to lose weight. 12. A. Remain seated. B. Push the car. C. Leave the car. D. Call someone for help. 13. A. Thankful. B. Embarrassed. C. Offended. D. Worthless. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Humans. B. Roads. C. Bridges. D. Buildings. 15. A. There will be 900 gigatonnes(十亿吨) of trees and 4 gigatonnes of animals. B. Artificial stuff will outweigh natural stuff for the first time. C. Man-made objects will weigh three times more than natural ones. D. The total mass of living things will double that of 140 years ago. 16. A. It reminds us of the gradual decrease of natural resources. B. It highlights our responsibility for environmental sustainability. C. It shows how development results in environmental damage. D. It overturns a theory of human management of the environment. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Their reflections on the use of symbolism in literature. B. Their interest in exploring literature in different ways. C. Their personal understanding of “The Old Man and the Sea”. D. Their divided opinions on writing techniques used in literature. 18. A. The imagery. B. Seasons. C. Colors. D. The river. 19. A. Their use of vivid descriptions for realism. B. Their preference for using complex vocabulary. C. Their skill in adding depth with specific details. D. Their ability to write long stories. 20. A. Enlightening. B. Challenging. C. Irrelevant. D. Straightforward. 【答案】 1-5 CADAA 6-10 AADAB 11-13 DCA 14-16 ACB 17-20 ADCA 【听力原文】 Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice is the best answer to the question you have heard. Now you have 100 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. 1. M: I love green teas. Can you recommend something a little different from the usual? W: Certainly, have you tried Genmaicha? It's a Japanese green tea mixed with roasted brown rice. It has a unique flavor you might enjoy. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 2. W: Hey, did you get caught in that massive traffic jam on the interstate this morning? M: Yeah! It took me almost an hour just to move a few miles. Heard it was due to a major accident. Q: What are the speakers mainly talking about? 3. M: We've entered orbit around the uncharted planet. The surface is unlike anything we've seen before. W: Copy that. Prepare to send the surface analysis data. Q: Who is most probably the man? 4. W: Would you please come to my office at 5 o’ clock before dinner? M: Can I meet you tomorrow? My son will be home from school at 5:30. And I must finish this report before then. Q: What is the man going to do first? 5. W: Your improvement in the last exam was impressive. What study method did you find most effective? M: I started forming study groups with classmates, and it made a huge difference. Thank you for the advice. Q: According to the man, what helped him make improvements in the exam? 6. M: What did you think of this month's book, The Great Gatsby? W: I loved it! Fitzgerald's exploration of the American Dream really made me think about its relevance today. Q: What does the woman mean? 7. W: Thanks a lot. This scarf will be perfect with my blue jacket. M: Made a good choice, did I? Q: What does the man mean? 8. W: Moving is no easy job, but many hands make light work. Let's get this done together. M: Thank you very much for your kindness. With your assistance, I'm sure this can be finished in no time. Q: What does the woman offer to do? 9. W: You haven't seen my biology notes, have you? I'm almost positive I left them on my desk, and now I can't find them. M: Hum, I don't think I have. Did you try checking your bag? Q: What does the man mean? 10. M: I knew Laurie played the piano, but I didn't know she played the guitar. W: Neither did I. It seemed she just picked it up on her own over this summer. Q: What does the woman mean? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. Now you have 30 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. I don't mind admitting that losing weight was a real struggle. I didn't feel good, either physically or mentally. In fact, there were times when I felt so sick that I didn't go to work. I battled to lose weight for 15 years, but in the end it took a really embarrassing incident to make me do something about it. About three years ago, my husband, sister-in-law, and I were driving up a steep hill;it had been snowing, and the engine just wouldn't pull. Then my husband asked me if I'd mind getting out of the car;I did, and the car just flew up the hill. We solved the problem,but I've never felt so embarrassed in all my life. I sometimes look back and ask myself why I didn't even get angry with my husband. Why did I have to get out? But at the time I didn't even question it. That was a classic example of how I felt about myself— worthless. I decided that I was never going to suffer that kind of pain again. So the very next morning I went on a diet. I'd played with ways of losing weight before, but had never been on a real diet before then. It was hard work, and I almost gave up several times, but it worked. The more weight I lost, the better I felt. Three years later, I'm 40 kilos lighter and a changed person. (Now listen again.) Questions 11. What is the speaker mainly talking about? 12. What did the speaker's husband ask her to do when their car didn't work well? 13. How does the speaker feel about the incident when she looks back? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. Now you have 30 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. Ron Milo and his colleagues at Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel have estimated the mass of all artificial and living things on the planet. They say that 2020 may have been the year in which humanity's creations outweigh natural stuff. The team says that in 1900, the mass of human-made objects was only 3 per cent of the total mass of all living things, referred to as biomass. Now, the mass of artificial objects is on course to three times that of living biomass by 2040. Most of the human-made mass is in infrastructure, such as buildings, bridges and roads, while trees and shrubs make up 90 per cent of living biomass. For example, the team estimates there are 1100 gigatonnes of buildings and 8 gigatonnes of plastic on the planet, compared with 900 gigatonnes of trees and 4 gigatonnes of animals, including humans. The researchers say the total mass of living things on Earth has remained roughly the same since 1900, while the mass of human-made objects has doubled about every 20 years.They don't know exactly when artificial mass overtook or will overtake biomass, but say it is probably between 2014 and 2026. “This study serves to strongly underline the need for wise and informed human management of the environment,” says Jeremy Woods at Imperial College London. (Now listen again.) Questions 14.Which of the following must be included when biomass is estimated? 15. According to the research team's prediction, what is likely to happen on the Earth by 2040? 16. According to Jeremy Woods, what is the significance of Ron Milo and his team's study? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Now you have 40 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. W: Hey, what did you think about today's literature class discussion on symbolism? M: I found it really interesting. I've never thought about how deeply symbols can influence our understanding of a story. W: Yeah, like the example of the river in“The Old Man and the Sea”. I never realized it represented the boundary between life and death. M: Exactly! And how about the use of seasons to symbolize stages of life? That was a revelation to me. W: Me too. It makes me look at literature in a whole new light. Did you have a favorite part of the discussion? M: I think discussing the symbolism behind colors was my favorite. Like how red can signify both love and danger. W: That was a highlight for me as well. It's amazing how authors use such details to add layers of meaning to their work. M: Definitely. It makes me eager to read more and uncover symbols on my own. What's our next reading assignment? W: We're moving on to imagery next. It's going to be fascinating to see how it is used to tell stories. M: I can't wait. Today's class really opened my eyes to the beauty of literature. (Now listen again.) Questions 17. What are the speakers mainly talking about? 18. Which of the following represents the boundary between life and death in“The Old Man and the Sea”? 19. What do the speakers appreciate about authors based on their conversation? 20. What do the speakers think of today's literature class? II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How good are you at maths? Some people love the challenge of algebra or enjoy working out number puzzles such as Sudoko. Maths is all around us, from working out how to split the bill after a meal, to 21 (calculate) your household bills. But many fear the moment 22 they have to deal with numbers and figures and feel a real sense of worry and confusion. It can seem  daunting, but  this ‘maths anxiety’ is perfectly normal, and you’re definitely not alone. And anyway, our worries and fears don’t necessarily reflect our ability. The problem really starts in childhood, at school. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their anxiety to the pupils, and girls may be 23 (likely) to be affected. The Programme for International Student Assessment found around 31%of 15 and 16-year-olds across 34 countries said they got very nervous doing maths problems, 33% said they got  tense doing maths homework, and nearly 60% said maths classes would be difficult. Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University’s Questrom School of Business, told the BBC she believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models “is critical, especially 24 a young age”. She thinks the key is 25 (get) people, especially women, who love teaching maths to younger children. Writing for BBC Future, David Robson says “It’s not clear 26 maths arouses so much fear compared to geography. But the fact that there’s a right or wrong answer — there’s no room for bluffing — 27   make you more worried about underperforming.” And 28 we assume we’re not a ‘maths person’, we avoid solving things that we probably could do. Psychologists 29 (try) to work out why mental arithmetic can bring us out in a sweat. That seed of fear may come from many sources, but some suggest that expressing your fears can loosen 30 control on you, and encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat. Ideally, we need to think positively about maths and give it a second chance. 【答案】 21．calculating 22．when 23．more likely 24．at 25．to get 26．why 27．may/can/could/might 28．once 29．have been trying 30．their 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章提到“数学焦虑”完全是正常现象并且指出了对数学产生恐惧的原因和解决办法。 21．考查非谓语动词。句意：数学无处不在，从计算餐后如何分摊账单，到计算你的家庭账单。根据空格前的介词to可知，空格处应该用动名词calculating作宾语。故填calculating。 22．考查定语从句。句意：但许多人害怕当他们不得不与数字和数字打交道时，感到真正的担忧和困惑。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词the moment进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作时间状语，应该用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 23．考查形容词比较级。句意：研究发现，在教授这门学科时感到紧张的数学老师会将他们的焦虑传递给学生，而女孩更可能容易受到影响。根据句中的girls可知，此处暗含着“女孩子和男孩子比较”，应该表示“更可能”，所以应该用比较级more likely。故填more likely。 24．考查介词。句意：波士顿大学凯斯特罗姆商学院的Shulamit Kahn告诉BBC，她认为给予学生，尤其是女孩，良好的榜样“是至关重要的，尤其是在年幼的时候”。根据空格后的名词age可知，此处应该用介词at与其搭配，at a young age“在年轻时”是固定搭配。故填at。 25．考查非谓语动词。句意：她认为关键在于吸引那些喜欢教小孩数学的人，尤其是女性。根据空格前的名词key可知，空格处应用不定式形式to get作表语。故填to get。 26．考查连接副词。句意：目前还不清楚为什么数学比地理更令人恐惧。句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是空格后的从句，所以空格处应该用连接词引导主语从句，且意义为“为什么”，所以用连接副词why。故填why。 27．考查情态动词。句意：但事实是，有正确或错误的答案——没有诈唬的余地——可能会让你更担心表现不佳。根据句意和空格后的动词原形make可知，空格处应该用情态动词且意义为“可能”，所以用can/may/could/might(could和might只表示这种可能性更小)。故填can/may/could/might。 28．考查连词。句意：一旦我们假设我们不是一个“数学人”，我们就会避免解决那些我们可能会做的事情。根据句意和空格后的句子可知，空格处应该用连词引导条件状语从句，且意义为“一旦”，所以用连词once。故填once。 29．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：心理学家一直在试图弄清楚为什么心算能让我们大汗淋漓。此处表示“一直……”应该用现在完成进行时，主语是复数形式，助动词用have。故填have been trying。 30．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：恐惧的种子可能有很多来源，但有些人认为，表达你的恐惧可以放松他们对你的控制，鼓励孩子们把数学考试视为挑战，而不是威胁。空格处作定语，修饰空格后的名词control，且代指上文的fears，所以应该用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．claimed    B．evacuate    C． fabrics    D．regular    E. significantly    F. sink G. rainstorms    H. similar    I. initially    J. swallowing    K. thought “It was a wave of water,” says Oulimata Sambe. She points out the still-sodden(湿透的) armchairs, muddy wardrobe and the water stain a metre and a half up the wall in her small house in Ngor, a fishing village within Dakar, the capital of Senegal. “I had two grandkids on my bed, I had to 31 them out of the window,” she adds. Not faraway, underpasses on Dakar’s scenic corniche(滨海路) became car- 32 lakes. Just weeks earlier another downpour had turned quiet streets in Dakar into raging rivers and collapsed a section of motorway. 33 events regularly occur across the region. Recent flooding and landslides also killed eight people in Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone. In June flooding killed 12 people in Abidjan, the commercial capital of Ivory Coast. Floods in Lagos, Nigeria’s commercial capital, 34 another seven lives. Even when they are not deadly, city floods ruin lives and livelihoods. Storm water recently flooded the biggest textile(纺织业) market in Kano, a city in northern Nigeria, destroying hundreds of thousands of dollars’ worth of 35 . Unusually heavy rains have become 36 more common over the past 30 years, leaving huge numbers of people at risk. In places this is partly because of deforestation. A recent study by Christopher Taylor of the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, a research institute, and his coauthors found that afternoon 37 in deforested parts of coastal west Africa happen twice as often compared with 30 years ago. Their frequency went up by only about a third in places that kept their forests. Yet 38 flooding of cities in west Africa is not only caused by heavier rain. Unplanned urbanization is also to blame. As cities have grown, builders have thrown up concrete walls with little 39 about providing drainage, making it harder for water to find a clear path to the sea. As ever larger areas have been paved over, there has been less exposed soil into which water can gently 40 away. And as cites get more packed with new arrivals, their few functioning drains get overwhelmed or clogged. 【答案】 31．B 32．J 33．H 34．A 35．C 36．E 37．G 38．D 39．K 40．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在过去的30年里，不寻常的暴雨变得越来越常见，使大量的人处于危险之中，以及造成这个结果的原因。 31．考查动词。句意：我的床上有两个孙子，我不得不把他们从窗户里疏散出去。分析句子可知，空前为had to，此处应为动词原形，构成had to do“不得不做某事”，evacuate“疏散”为动词，符合句意。故选B项。 32．考查现在分词。句意：在不远的地方，达喀尔风景秀丽的滨海大道上的地下通道变成了吞噬汽车的湖泊。分析句子可知，空后为名词lakes，此处应和空前car构成复合形容词修饰lakes，结合句意可知，应为现在分词作与car，构成car- swallowing“吞噬汽车的”复合形容词，符合句意。故选J项。 33．考查形容词。句意：类似的事件在整个地区经常发生。分析句子可知，空后events为名词，此处应为形容词形式作定语修饰该名词，Similar“类似的，相似的”为形容词，符合句意。故选H项。 34．考查动词。句意：尼日利亚商业之都拉各斯的洪水又夺走了7条生命。分析句子可知，此处为动词的填入，作句子的谓语成分，claimed“使丧生，致命”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。 35．考查名词。句意：最近，暴雨淹没了尼日利亚北部城市卡诺最大的纺织品市场，摧毁了价值数十万美元的纺织品。分析句子可知，此处为金钱+worth of sth“价值多少钱的东西”，所以此处为名词形式，fabrics“ 纺织品”为名词，符合句意。故选C项。 36．考查副词。句意：在过去的30年里，不寻常的暴雨变得越来越常见，使大量的人处于危险之中。分析句子可知，空后more common为形容词，此处应为副词作状语修饰该形容词，significantly“显著地”为副词，符合句意。故选E项。 37．考查名词。句意：英国生态与水文研究中心的Christopher Taylor和他的合作者最近的一项研究发现，在西非沿海森林被砍伐的地区，下午的暴风雨发生的频率是30年前的两倍。分析句子可知，空前为that afternoon指代某物，空后为in deforested parts of coastal west Africa介词短语，此处应为名词形式，rainstorms“暴风雨”为名词，符合句意。故选G项。 38．考查形容词。句意：然而，西非城市的经常性洪水不仅仅是由暴雨引起的。分析句子可知，空后为名词短语flooding of cities，此处应为形容词形式修饰该名词短语，regular“经常性的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。 39．考查名词。句意：随着城市的发展，建筑商在修建混凝土墙时几乎没有考虑到排水问题，这使得水更难找到一条畅通的入海通道。分析句子可知，空前little为形容词，此处应为名词形式，thought“想法”为名词，符合句意。故选K项。 40．考查动词短语。句意：随着越来越多的地区被铺砌，可供水慢慢渗入的裸露土壤也越来越少。分析句子可知，此处为动词形式作句子的谓语成分，和空后的away构成动词短语，sink away“逐渐消失或降低”为动词短语，符合句意。故选F项。 III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context At a time when scientists know more than they ever have before about the inner lives of animals and when concerns about animal rights become large, many experts think that zoos need a major change if they’ re going to last. To some leaders in the field, the Philadelphia Zoo is the best model out there, but on the other side of the country, a 41 vision of the future is playing out. At Seattle’s Woodland Park Zoo, the elephant exhibit, where countless children watched elephants play, now sits 42 . The zoo, long 43 as a world leader in innovative design, built a $3 million state-of-the-art facility for the species in the 1980s. But in recent years, animal-rights advocates had criticized the exhibit as inhumane for being too small and not 44 the elephants’ natural living area. Under pressure from activists following the death of an elephant in 2014, and thanks to new guidelines from the nation’s main zoo organization, Woodland Park officials decided to 45 one of its most popular exhibits and place the elephants elsewhere. Nearly two centuries after the first modern zoo opened in London’s Regent’s Park, the very concept of a place where families can visit and observe animals is being 46 like never before. Across the U. S. and around the world, zoos are finding that balancing the demands of entertainment, education and conservation is increasingly 47 . Ethical (伦理的) concerns have been coupled with 48 fears — both for people and for animals — following an incident in May when officials at the Cincinnati Zoo shot and killed a 17-year-old gorilla named Harambe to protect a child who’d fallen into the exhibit. More 49 , there’s a greater sensitivity to the environmental implications of zoos. Ask a dozen zoo directors why these places should exist today and you’ll get a different answer every time. Education, conservation and science all 50 . But the 51 answer is cultivating sympathy for animals. Study after study has shown that many animal species are far smarter and more 52 than previously understood, giving new insights into how they may suffer from anxiety and depression when they are removed from 53 . That has forced a difficult existential question: If we acknowledge that creatures suffer when they’re trapped. should they be kept in zoos? Not even those who have 54 the cause for more humane exhibits have an answer. “Even the best zoos today are based on captivity and coercion (囚禁与胁迫).” says Jon Coe, the legendary zoo designer, “To me, that’s the 55 fault.” 41．A．shared B．traditional C．clear D．different 42．A．modern B．crowded C．empty D．up-dated 43．A．predicted B．criticized C．recognized D．recalled 44．A．famous for B．dependent on C．certain about D．reflective of 45．A．close B．sustain C．open D．advertise 46．A．established B．questioned C．promoted D．accepted 47．A．possible B．difficult C．unnatural D．beneficial 48．A．culture B．economy C．environment D．safety 49．A．broadly B．strangely C．luckily D．amazingly 50．A．take in B．get off C．come up D．set out 51．A．most common B．most complex C．rarest D．quickest 52．A．grateful B．feeling C．disappointing D．annoying 53．A．research B．nature C．existence D．shelter 54．A．opposed B．located C．advanced D．twisted 55．A．fundamental B．manageable C．minimum D．maximum 【答案】 41．D 42．C 43．C 44．D 45．A 46．B 47．B 48．D 49．A 50．C 51．A 52．B 53．B 54．C 55．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文探讨了在面临来自伦理和环境方面的挑战以及动物权利意识提升的情况下，现代动物园需要重大变革。 41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于该领域的一些领导者来说，费城动物园是最好的典范，但在美国的另一边，一种不同的未来愿景正在上演。A. shared分享的，共有的；B. traditional传统的；C. clear清楚的；D. different不同的。根据上文“but on the other side of the country”以及下文“The zoo, long ______ as a world leader in innovative design, built a $3 million state-of-the-art facility for the species in the 1980s. But in recent years, animal-rights advocates had criticized the exhibit as inhumane for being too small and not _____ the elephants’ natural living area.”可知，对动物园的要求与愿景与以往不同。故选D。 42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在西雅图的伍德兰公园动物园（Woodland Park Zoo），曾经有无数孩子观看大象玩耍的大象展区现在是空的。A. modern现代的；B. crowded拥挤的；C. empty空的；D. up-dated更新的。根据空前“where countless children watched elephants play, now sits”以及下文“place the elephants elsewhere”可知，曾经有无数孩子观看大象玩耍的大象展区现在是空的。故选C。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，该动物园一直被认为是世界上创新设计的领导者，在20世纪80年代为该物种建造了一个价值300万美元的最先进的设施。A. predicted预测；B. criticized批评；C. recognized认识，承认，认可；D. recalled回想起。根据下文“as a world leader in innovative design, built a $3 million state-of-the-art facility for the species in the 1980s”可知，伍德兰公园动物园长期以来一直被认为是世界上创新设计的领导者。故选C。 44．考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：但近年来，动物权利倡导者批评该展馆太小，没有反映大象的自然生活区域，是不人道的。A. famous for以……而闻名；B. dependent on依赖于，取决于；C. certain about对……有把握，对……确信无疑；D. reflective of代表……的，体现……。根据上文“criticized the exhibit as inhumane for being too small”以及空后“the elephants’ natural living area”可知，此处指展馆太小，不能体现大象的自然生活区域。故选D。 45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2014年一头大象死亡后，在活动人士的压力下，加上美国主要动物园组织的新指导方针，伍德兰公园的官员决定关闭最受欢迎的展馆之一，把大象安置在其他地方。A. close关闭；B. sustain维持；C. open打开；D. advertise为……做广告。根据下文“place the elephants elsewhere”可知，迫于压力，大象展馆被关闭。故选A。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在伦敦摄政公园（Regent’s Park）第一家现代动物园开放近两个世纪后，家庭可以参观和观察动物的概念正受到前所未有的质疑。A. established建立，设立；B. questioned询问，质疑；C. promoted促进，宣传；D. accepted接受。根据上文“At a time when scientists know more than they ever have before about the inner lives of animals and when concerns about animal rights become large, many experts think that zoos need a major change if they’ re going to last.”以及下文“Ethical (伦理的) concerns have been coupled with ______ fears — both for people and for animals”可知，此处指开放近两个世纪后，伦敦摄政公园的家庭可以参观和观察动物的概念受到质疑。故选B。 47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在美国和世界各地，动物园发现平衡娱乐、教育和保护的需求越来越困难。A. possible可能的；B. difficult困难的；C. unnatural不自然的；D. beneficial有益的。根据上文“but on the other side of the country, a ______ vision of the future is playing out”、及下文“there’s a greater sensitivity to the environmental implications of zoos.”以及语境可知，此处指对于动物园来说，越来越难平衡娱乐、教育和保护的需求。故选B。 48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年5月，辛辛那提动物园的工作人员为了保护一名掉进展区的孩子，开枪打死了一只名叫哈兰贝的17岁大猩猩，这一事件发生后，人们对伦理问题的担忧与对人类和动物安全的担忧同时出现。A. culture文化；B. economy经济；C. environment环境；D. safety安全。根据下文“following an incident in May when officials at the Cincinnati Zoo shot and killed a 17-year-old gorilla named Harambe to protect a child who’d fallen into the exhibit”可知，此处指对动物和人类安全的担忧。故选D。 49．考查副词词义辨析。句意：更广泛地说，人们对动物园环境的影响更加敏感。A. broadly广泛地；B. strangely奇怪地；C. luckily幸运地，幸好；D. amazingly令人惊讶地。根据下文“giving new insights into how they may suffer from anxiety and depression when they are removed from ______”以及““Even the best zoos today are based on captivity and coercion (囚禁与胁迫).” says Jon Coe, the legendary zoo designer. “To me, that’s the ______ fault.””可知，此处指相对于伦理、安全方面的担忧，更广泛的讲，人们对于动物园环境对动物的影响更加敏感；more broadly“更广泛地讲”强调某种观点、概念或现象在更广泛、更全面的范围内的应用或影响，符合语境。故选A。 50．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：教育、环境保护和科学都出现了。A. take in吸收；B. get off下车，离开；C. come up出现；D. set out出发。根据上文“Ask a dozen zoo directors why these places should exist today and you’ll get a different answer every time.”可知，此处指被问及动物园这些地方为什么会存在到今天，每次出现的答案都不同，比如因为教育、环境保护和科学等原因。故选C。 51．考查形容词最高级词义辨析。句意：但最常见的答案是培养对动物的同情心。A. most common最常见的；B. most complex最复杂的；C. rarest最稀少的，最珍贵的；D. quickest最快的。根据上文“Ask a dozen zoo directors why these places should exist today and you’ll get a different answer every time. Education, conservation and science all ______.”可知，此处指当问十几个动物园的园长，为什么这些地方会存在到今天，他们会给出各种不同的答案，而为了培养对动物的同情心是其中最常见的答案。故选A。 52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一项又一项的研究表明，许多动物物种比我们之前所理解的要聪明得多，也更有感情，这为我们了解它们离开大自然后是如何患上焦虑和抑郁提供了新的见解。A. grateful感谢的；B. feeling多情善感的，表现强烈感情的；C. disappointing令人失望的；D. annoying令人恼火的。根据下文“how they may suffer from anxiety and depression”可知，此处指许多动物比我们之前所理解的要更聪明得多，表现出的感情也更强烈，更多情善感。故选B。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项又一项的研究表明，许多动物物种比我们之前所理解的要聪明得多，也更有感情，这为我们了解它们离开大自然后是如何患上焦虑和抑郁提供了新的见解。A. research研究；B. nature自然；C. existence存在；D. shelter庇护，住处。根据下文“If we acknowledge that creatures suffer when they’re trapped. should they be kept in zoos?”以及文章内容可知，此处指动物离开大自然（到动物园）可能会焦虑和抑郁。故选B。 54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是那些提倡更人性化展览的人也没有答案。A. opposed反对；B. located确定……的位置；C. advanced发展，推动；D. twisted扭转。根据上文“That has forced a difficult existential question: If we acknowledge that creatures suffer when they’re trapped. should they be kept in zoos?”、“ Not even those”以及下文“the cause for more humane exhibits”可知，此处指对于动物是否应该被关在动物园里，即使是推动更人道展览的人也没有答案。故选C。 55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“即使是现在最好的动物园也是建立在圈养和强制的基础上的。传奇动物园设计师乔恩·科（Jon Coe）说，“对我来说，这是根本的错误。”A. fundamental根本的，基本的；B. manageable可操纵的，可处理的；C. minimum最小的，最低限度的；D. maximum最高的，最多的。根据上文“Even the best zoos today are based on captivity and coercion (囚禁与胁迫)”可知，最好的动物园也是建立在囚禁与胁迫基础上，这就是动物园最根本性的错误。故选A。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) As a kid growing up in a suburb of London, I loved to go looking for the perfect park bench. Some Sunday mornings, my dad could be persuaded to drive to new parks. We’d have a kick-around with a soccer ball, share a bag of Dotritos and check out all the benches in the area, reading the words on them. The good park bench leaves me in a state, somewhere between nostalgia (怀旧) and eager antic ration (一份滑稽). Where once I was excited by the words carved on wood, I now find, as a 10-year-old, that I’m more appreciative of each bench’s quiet stoicism (坦然谈定), the way they are willing to wait out their tum in every weather, remaining available to all-comers. Like a good book or piece of music, a park bench allows for a sense of solitude and community at the same time, which is crucial to life in a great city. Part of my recession with park benches is as spaces where history settles. By planting seeds of curiosity, and making space for reflection, park benches become doors to the past. Maybe that’s the greatest power of the park bench: its rapacity (贪婪) encourages the art of observation. A good bench catches us in our quietest, most vulnerable moments, when we may be open to imagining new nanauves and revisiting old ones. Our masks are taken off, hung from the bench’s wrought iron. On other nearby benches,babies are being burped (打嗝). Glances exchanged. Sandwiches eaten. Newspapers read it. Lately, I’ve found me sitting on a lot of cramped metal benches of the kind that don’t invite you to stay long, or uneasy ones that leave you cold. That’s because public seating is becoming an endangered species. Our cities are becoming more like Disneyland, which has been quietly removing public seating and replacing it with more restaurant seating. If you want a moment’s rest in 2Ist-century America, you have to open your wallet. One recent Sunday, I wandered through Central Park. To be in Central Park in what is hopefully the pandemic’s twilight is to be reminded of the beauty of living in a city that still makes space for park benches in the modem cityscape. 56．How did the writer lead in the topic? A．By describing the scene of the park. B．By introducing his childhood experience. C．By revealing his passion for London. D．By showing his father’s affection for him. 57．What can we learn about the writer after he grew up? A．He liked the feel park benches brought to him. B．He enjoyed the peace in the park very much. C．He was still crazy about the words on the bench. D．He was suffering great frustration in his 40s. 58．What does the underlined word “solitude” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Achievements. B．Loss. C．Happiness. D．Privacy. 59．Why is public seating becoming an endangered species? A．It is commercialized. B．It is usually made of metal. C．It is quite out of date. D．It is uncomfortable to sit there. 【答案】56．B 57．A 58．D 59．A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者从小就喜欢去公园玩耍，喜欢读刻在公园长凳上的字。作者认为，公园里的长凳给人们播下了好奇心的种子，并提供反思的空间，它有一种神奇的力量，鼓励人们去观察。而现在公园长凳在慢慢减少，公共座位更多地被餐厅座位取代。 56．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As a kid growing up in a suburb of London, I loved to go looking for the perfect park bench. Some Sunday mornings, my dad could be persuaded to drive to new parks. We’d have a kick-around with a soccer ball, share a bag of Dotritos and check out all the benches in the area, reading the words on them. (作为一个在伦敦郊区长大的孩子，我喜欢去寻找完美的公园长椅。有些星期天早上，我爸爸可能会被说服开车去新的公园。我们会踢足球，分享一袋Dotritos，看看该地区所有的长凳，读上面的文字。)”及文章第二段中“The good park bench leaves me in a state, somewhere between nostalgia (怀旧) and eager antic ration (一份滑稽). (好的公园长椅让我处于一种介于怀旧和渴望的滑稽之间的状态。)”可知，作者是通过介绍自己童年的经历来引出本文的话题，故选B项。 57．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Like a good book or piece of music ,a park bench allows for a sense of solitude and community at the same time, which is crucial to life in a great city. (就像一本好书或一首好音乐一样，公园长椅可以同时给人一种孤独感和社区感，这对大城市的生活至关重要。)”可知，作者长大后喜欢公园长凳带给他的感觉，故选A项。 58．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Like a good book or piece of music, a park bench allows for a sense of solitude and community at the same time, which is crucial to life in a great city. (就像一本好书或一首好音乐一样，公园长椅可以同时给人一种……和社区感，这对大城市的生活至关重要。)”可知，公园长凳像好书或好音乐一样，可以自己欣赏，有社区感的同时有隐私感，故选D项。 59．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Our cities are becoming more like Disneyland, which has been quietly removing public seating and replacing it with more restaurant seating. If you want a moment’s rest in 2Ist-century America, you have to open your wallet. (我们的城市正变得越来越像迪斯尼乐园，迪斯尼乐园一直在悄悄地取消公共座位，取而代之的是更多的餐厅座位。如果你想在2世纪的美国休息片刻，你必须打开你的钱包。)”可知，公共座位正在成为一种濒危“物种”是因为它已经商业化了，故选A项。 (B) Below is a screenshot of book review on a bestseller My Life on Craigslist. Krysi Joseph 4.0 out of 5 stars Odd, fun and cute story. Great read This was a cute, lighthearted book that explores the life of a Craigslist addict, and how Craiglist, a large free classifieds (分类广告) website, got her through her life so far. The story was well thought out and pretty realistic when it comes to life struggles. It gets a little unbelievable towards the end, and I don’t like it when authors conform to the ‘the world is perfect’ viewpoint most books have, but, that my pessimist breaking through. The book needs some serious editing. She’s repeated the same exact line 3-4 times a couple of and ... (click for more) Kindle Customer 3.0 out of 5 stars Would Have Given it 4 stars, but ... The book went along well. Funny and totally in the here and now. I would have given it more if SPOILER ALERT (剧透警告): It didn’t end with her in a love relationship with the guy she had been spying on that fit her. Seriously, it went ... (click for more) Lovetoread 4.0 out of 5 stars Beach or vacation read — it’s worth it! I was intrigued by the description, so I gave it a shot. I’m glad I did. I was never like the main character, Emily, so it’s interesting to read about her aimless life. She lives on Craigslist - finding roommates, finding work, finding social ... (click for more) Annabellall 5.0 out of 5 stars Lifting my spirits type unforgettable and funny book I read and instantly loved this book, because it is witty and entertaining but at the same time has philosophical and psychological background with an honest look at the real life in a big city. It perfectly shows how a single young woman, while living there and surviving ... (click for more) 60．Who likes the book My Life on Craigslist most? A．Krysi Joseph. B．Annabellall. C．Kindle Customer. D．Lovetoread. 61．Which of the following do both Kindle Customer and Krysi Joseph agree on? A．The book deserves a good rating. B．The ending of the book is disappointing. C．The book is popular with Craigslist addicts. D．The book would have been perfect without editing errors. 62．What is the purpose of the text ? A．To advertise a bestseller. B．To recommend a website. C．To share a woman’s story. D．To present reviews of a book. 【答案】60．B 61．B 62．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Craigslist上畅销书《我的生活》的书评截图。 60．细节理解题。由Annabellall下“5.0 out of 5 stars (5颗星)”可知，Annabellall对My Life评分最高，Annabellall最喜欢Craigslist上的My Life一书。故选B项。 61．细节理解题。由Krysi Joseph下“It gets a little unbelievable towards the end, and I don’t like it when authors conform to the ‘the world is perfect’ viewpoint most books have, but, that my pessimist breaking through. (它在结尾时变得有点难以置信，我不喜欢作者们遵循大多数书中的“世界是完美的”观点，但我的悲观主义者突破了这一观点)”和Kindle Customer下“I would have given it more if SPOILER ALERT (剧透警告): It didn’t end with her in a love relationship with the guy she had been spying on that fit her. (如果剧透提醒，我会给它更多：故事并没有以她与她一直监视的那个适合她的男人的恋爱关系而结束)”可知，Kindle Customer和Krysi Joseph都认为这本书的结局令人失望。故选B项。 62．推理判断题。由第一段“Below is a screenshot of book review on a bestseller My Life on Craigslist. (以下是Craigslist上畅销书《我的生活》的书评截图)”可知，文章介绍了Craigslist上畅销书《我的生活》的书评截图，可得出本文目的在于展示一本书的评论。故选D项。 (C) As countless unmade beds and unfinished homework assignments prove, kids need rules. Yet how parents make demands can powerfully influence a child’s social skills, psychologists at the University of Virginia recently found after the conclusion on a study investigating the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Initially 184 13-year-olds filled out multiple surveys, including one to assess how often their parents employed psychologically controlling strategies, such as threatening to withdraw affection. The kids rated, for example how typical it would be for Dad to suggest that “if I really cared for him, I would not do things that caused him to worry” or for Mom to become “less friendly when I did not see things her way.” The researchers followed up with the subjects at ages 18 and 21, asking the young adults to bring along a close friend. These pairs were asked to answer questions that were purposefully written to cause a difference of opinion. “We wanted to see whether they could handle a disagreement in a healthy way,” says study leader Barbara Oudekerk, now at the U.S. Department of Justice’s Bureau of Statistics. In the October issue of Child Development, Oudekerk and her colleagues report that the 13-year-olds who had highly controlling parents floundered in friendly disagreements at age 18. They had difficulty stating their opinions in a confident, reasoned manner in comparison to the kids without controlling parents. And when they did speak up, they often failed to express themselves in warm and productive ways. The researchers suspect that controlling parents affect their child’s ability to learn how to argue his or her own viewpoint in other relationships. Although parents do need to set boundaries， dominating strategies imply that any disagreement will damage the bond itself. Separate findings suggest that parents who explain the reasons behind their rules and turn disagreements into conversations leave youngsters better prepared for future disagreements. The consequences of tense or dominating relationships appear to worsen with time. This study also found that social difficulties at 18 predicted even poorer communication abilities at age 21. Psychologist Shmuel Shulman of Bar-llan University in Israel, who did not participate in the work, thinks these conclusions convincingly reveal how relationship patterns “carry forward” into new friendships. 63．What did the researchers from the University of Virginia do in their research? A．They asked kids about how they got along with their parents. B．They surveyed some parents about what rules kids needed. C．They inquired into what the kids’ friends thought of them. D．They traced their subjects for nearly eight years. 64．The phrase “floundered in” (in paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to ___. A．struggled with B．dealt with C．looked over D．took over 65．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Shmuel Shulman thinks more evidence is needed for the new research. B．Controlling parents’ influence on their kids gets stronger as time goes by. C．21-year-olds are more eager to be free of parents’ control than 18-year-olds. D．Kids can handle disagreement better if their parents get along well with each other. 66．What is the passage mainly about? A．Pushy parents could harm their kids’ social skills. B．Kids should learn what friendly disagreements are. C．Parents; affection matters in terms of kids; personality. D．Few parents explain the reasons why they set boundaries. 【答案】63．D 64．A 65．B 66．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了弗吉尼亚大学的心理学家最近在一项从青春期到成年的研究结束后的发现，父母如何提出要求可以极大地影响孩子的社交能力。 63．细节理解题。由文章第二段“Initially 184 13-year-olds filled out multiple surveys, including one to assess how often their parents employed psychologically controlling strategies, such as threatening to withdraw affection. (最初，184名13岁的青少年填写了多项调查，其中一项是评估他们的父母使用心理控制策略的频率，例如威胁要不再给予感情。)”以及第三段“The researchers followed up with the subjects at ages 18 and 21, asking the young adults to bring along a close friend. (The researchers followed up with the subjects at ages 18 and 21, asking the young adults to bring along a close friend. 研究人员对18岁和21岁的受试者进行了随访，要求这些年轻人带上一位亲密的朋友。)”可知，本实验对于13岁孩子进行研究到21岁，所以整个过程几乎经历了8年。故选D项。 64．词句猜测题。根据第四段“In the October issue of Child Development, Oudekerk and her colleagues report that the 13-year-olds who had highly controlling parents floundered in friendly disagreements at age 18. They had difficulty stating their opinions in a confident, reasoned manner in comparison to the kids without controlling parents. And when they did speak up, they often failed to express themselves in warm and productive ways.(在10月份出版的《儿童发展》杂志上，Oudekerk和她的同事们报道说，父母控制欲很强的13岁孩子在18岁时 友好的分歧。与没有控制父母的孩子相比，他们很难以自信、合理的方式表达自己的观点。当他们开口说话时，他们往往无法以热情和富有成效的方式表达自己。)”可知，父母控制欲很强的13岁孩子很难以自信、合理的方式表达自己的观点，他们陷入（挣扎于）友好的分歧之中，所以猜测floundered in为“挣扎于”。故选A项。 65．推理判断题。由文章第六段“The consequences of tense or dominating relationships appear to worsen with time. This study also found that social difficulties at 18 predicted even poorer communication abilities at age 21. (紧张或支配关系的后果似乎会随着时间的推移而恶化。这项研究还发现，18岁时的社交困难预示着21岁时的沟通能力会更差。)”可知，随着时间的推移，控制型父母对孩子的影响变得越来越强。故选B项。 66．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Yet how parents make demands can powerfully influence a child’s social skills, psychologists at the University of Virginia recently found after the conclusion on a study investigating the transition from adolescence to adulthood.(然而，弗吉尼亚大学的心理学家最近在一项调查从青春期到成年期过渡的研究得出结论后发现，父母提出要求的方式会对孩子的社交技能产生巨大影响。)”以及下文可知，本文主要讲述父母如何提出要求可以极大地影响孩子的社交能力。所以A项Pushy parents could harm their kids’ social skills(咄咄逼人的的父母可能会损害孩子的社交能力)符合文意。故选A项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. A．Some therapists utilize techniques that act against the physical symptoms of fear. B．Survival may hot hang in the balance, but social, professional or financial success can seem to be in grave danger. C．All these symptoms eat away at the very resources needed to rise to the occasion: steady hands, clear memory and a cool head. D．The individual begins by imagining failure, works himself or herself into a state and then criticizes his or her own abilities. E．At Harvard, Powell found that facing anxiety can be a hard task, but many times the fear arises from completely controllable preconditions. F．Because performance anxiety arises when other people are present, many psychologists believe that the condition is a sub-category of social anxiety. Fear is good; in emergencies, it enables us to fight or flee. But often we get scared at the wrong time - when we step onto the field for a big soccer game or up to the microphone at a large town meeting. Professional athletes and actors say some nervousness help them concentrate better. But, when performance anxiety is too powerful, it undermines our efforts; a violinist cannot find the correct notes, a manager in a meeting forgets all the talking points. 67 . The human anxiety reaction begins almost automatically and includes clear physiological symptoms; a racing heart, sweating, stomach pains. Some people have trouble breathing or feel faint. Thus alarmed, victims may withdraw into themselves or shock others around them with aggressive outbursts. If the need to perform is a regular requirement, they may suffer from nightmares or fall into depression. 68 Studies reveal that anxiety-plagued executives and less able to apply logical intelligence on standard tests than calmer colleagues 69 Yet psychologist Douglas H. Powell of Harvard Medical School is convinced that severe stage fright is a phenomenon unto itself, given that it appears in only certain well-defined situations. Sociophobes (社恐的人) , in contrast, suffer merely when others are present. Whereas people with social phobias fear the negative feelings of others, those swith performance anxiety are their own harshest critics. They are perfectionists and would rather cancel an appearance — or avoid it —than not meet their own standards and, by extension, not be able to demonstrate how good they are. This destructive style of thinking often arises from a lack of self-esteem. 70 Previous bad experiences can be a trigger —an embarrassing experience in a school play or a single failed test can sometimes arouse such strong feelings of shame in youngsters that as adults they will avoid any remotely similar undertaking. 【答案】67．B 68．C 69．F 70．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在公共场所的恐惧和焦虑所带来的不好的影响。 67．空前“But, when performance anxiety is too powerful, it undermines our efforts; a violinist cannot find the correct notes, a manager in a meeting forgets all the talking points.(但是，当表现焦虑过于强烈时，它会破坏我们的努力；小提琴手找不到正确的音符，经理在会议上忘记了所有的谈话要点。)”说明过于焦虑并不好，空格处应该继续说过于焦虑的坏处，B选项“Survival may hot hang in the balance, but social, professional or financial success can seem to be in grave danger.(生死未定，但社会、职业或经济上的成功似乎都处于严重危险之中。)”说明的是过于焦虑所带来的不好的影响，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。 68．空前“The human anxiety reaction begins almost automatically and includes clear physiological symptoms; a racing heart, sweating, stomach pains. Some people have trouble breathing or feel faint. Thus alarmed, victims may withdraw into themselves or shock others around them with aggressive outbursts. If the need to perform is a regular requirement, they may suffer from nightmares or fall into depression.(人类的焦虑反应几乎是自动开始的，包括明显的生理症状；心跳加速，出汗，胃痛。有些人呼吸困难或感到头晕。因此，受到惊吓的受害者可能会退缩到自己身上，或者用攻击性的爆发来震惊周围的人。如果需要表演是一种经常性的需求，他们可能会做噩梦或陷入抑郁。)”说明的是一些焦虑的症状，空格处应该对这些症状进行评论，C选项“All these symptoms eat away at the very resources needed to rise to the occasion; steady hands, clear memory and a cool head.(所有这些症状都在消耗应对突发事件所需的资源：稳定的双手、清晰的记忆和冷静的头脑。)”是对这些症状所带来的影响的描述，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。 69．空后“Yet psychologist Douglas H. Powell of Harvard Medical School is convinced that severe stage fright is a phenomenon unto itself, given that it appears in only certain well-defined situations.(然而，哈佛医学院的心理学家Douglas H. Powell相信，严重的怯场本身就是一种现象，因为它只在某些明确界定的情况下出现。)”说明Douglas H. Powell认为严重的怯场本身就是一种现象，因为它只在某些明确界定的情况下出现，由Yet可知，前面讲的是和空后内容相反的观点，也就是另外的一些心理学家的观点，F选项“Because performance anxiety arises when other people are present, many psychologists believe that the condition is a sub-category of social anxiety.(因为表演焦虑是在其他人在场的情况下产生的，许多心理学家认为这种情况是社交焦虑的一个子类。)”说明的是其他心理学家的观点，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选F。 70．空前“This destructive style of thinking often arises from a lack of self-esteem.(这种破坏性的思维方式往往源于缺乏自尊。)”说明的是这种破坏性的思维方式所带来的不好的结果，空格处应继续描述不好的结果，D选项“The individual begins by imagining failure, works himself or herself into a state and then criticizes his or her own abilities.(个体开始想象失败，使自己进入一种状态，然后批评自己的能力。)”说明的是前面作者破坏性思维所带来的后果，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选D。 IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Socks Help You Sleep Better If you’re one of those people who has trouble falling asleep, listen up. You might fall asleep 15 minutes earlier and wake up far less during the night if you put on a pair of socks at bedtime. To understand why you first need to grasp the relationship between core body temperature and sleep. During daylight hours, the human body hums along at an average temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius). But at night, your core body temperature dips as much as 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.2 degrees Celsius) over the course of six or seven hours of sleep. This gradual decrease in core body temperature, as it turns out, is a key part of the complicated neurobiological (神经生物学) dance of falling asleep and staying asleep. And the faster you can lower the core body temperature, the faster you will fall asleep. Researchers have show that warming the feet before going to sleep using a warm feet bath or by wearing socks promotes vasodilation (血管扩张), which in turn lowers the body’s core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold, bare feet. Scientists suppose that socked feet have a neurological effect as well. Inside the brain’s “thermostat (恒湿器)” is a type of neuron called a warm-sensitive neuron (WSN) that increases its firing rate when there’s a temperature difference between the body’s core temperature and extremities like the feet. Research has shown that WSN firing rates go way up on the beginning or slow wave or deep sleep and gradually decrease prior to waking up. So WSNs may play a role in generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. And if that is the case, warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power. In a small study, researchers found that wearing a pair of special sleeping socks not only sped up the beginning of sleep, but increased overall sleep time by an average of 30 minutes and cut nighttime waking periods in half. If you are worried about becoming too warm while wearing socks in bed, look for ones made of natural breathable fibers. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Putting on a pair of socks at bedtime helps you sleep better. Wearing socks promotes vasodilation, lowering the body’s core temperature faster, so that you will fall asleep faster. Warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，睡前穿双袜子能让你睡得更好。穿袜子可以促进血管舒张，更快地降低身体的核心温度，这样你就会更快地入睡。在睡觉前给脚预热给热敏神经器官元额外的能量产生困倦的感觉，帮助我们入睡并保持睡眠状态。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①You might fall asleep 15 minutes earlier and wake up far less during the night if you put on a pair of socks at bedtime. ②And the faster you can lower the core body temperature, the faster you will fall asleep. Researchers have show that warming the feet before going to sleep using a warm feet bath or by wearing socks promotes vasodilation (血管扩张), which in turn lowers the body’s core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold, bare feet. ③So WSNs may play a role in generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. And if that is the case, warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 It helps you sleep better to put on a pair of socks at bedtime. Wearing socks promotes vasodilation, which lowers the body’s core temperature faster, so that you will fall asleep faster. It is warming up the feet before bed time that gives WSNs an extra power generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. (运用了that引导的定语从句和现在分词作后置定语) [高分句型2] Wearing socks promotes vasodilation, lowering the body’s core temperature faster, so that you will fall asleep faster. (运用了动名词作主语、现在分词作后置定语和so that引导的结果状语从句) V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72．我们最好每个月留出一定数额的钱, 以防紧急情况发生。(in case) ___________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】We’d better set aside a certain amount of money every month in case emergency occurs. 【详解】考查固定短语。分析句子可知，主语为we，“留出”可用set aside表示，宾语为money，in case作短语连词，后接状语从句。再根据其他汉语提示。故翻译为：We’d better set aside a certain amount of money every month in case emergency occurs. 73．下个月公司将推出新型号的产品，该产品以20多岁的年轻人为目标。(launch) ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Next month, the company will launch a new model targeting young people in their twenties. 【详解】考查时态、短语和非谓语动词。句子陈述将来发生的事情，应用一般将来时；“下个月”表达为next month，作状语；“公司”表达为company，此处为特指，用定冠词修饰；“推出”表达为launch，用一般将来时；“一个新模型”表达为a new model，作宾语；“以……为目标，面向”表达为target，处理为定语，因此用非谓语形式，target和逻辑主语model之间为主动关系，因此用现在分词；“20多岁的年轻人”表达为young people in their twenties，作宾语。综上，故翻译为Next month, the company will launch a new model targeting young people in their twenties. 74．再次见面时，他送给我一本新出版的书，里面附有一封感谢信。(enclose) ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, with a letter of thanks enclosed. The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, enclosing a letter of thanks. 【详解】考查时间状语从句，时态，with复合结构和非谓语动词。“再次见面时”用the second time引导时间状语从句，且描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，“见面”是we met，“他送给我一本新出版的书”是过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，翻译为“he sent me a newly-published book”，“里面附有一封感谢信”用with复合结构，“一封感谢信”是a letter of thanks，“附有”是enclose，letter和enclose是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词表被动作宾补，因此“里面附有一封感谢信”是with a letter of thanks enclosed；“里面附有一封感谢信”也可用非谓语动词，book和enclose之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，“一封感谢信”是a letter of thanks，因此“里面附有一封感谢信”也可翻译为enclosing a letter of thanks。故答案为The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, with a letter of thanks enclosed./The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, enclosing a letter of thanks. 75．暑期的徽州研学是一次体验非物质文化遗产千载难逢的机会，学生们可以从中充分领略到所谓的工匠精神。(where) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Summer Huizhou study tour is a rare opportunity to experience intangible cultural heritage, where students can fully appreciate the so-called artisan spirit. 【详解】考查定语从句。分析所给中文提示词以及题干要求，本句可用where引导的非限制性定语从句，“暑期的徽州研学是一次体验非物质文化遗产千载难逢的机会”作主句，“暑期的徽州研学”作主语，译为“summer Huizhou study tour”，“是”作谓语，译为“is”，“一次体验非物质文化遗产千载难逢的机会”可用不定式作后置定语修饰机会，译为“a rare opportunity to experience intangible cultural heritage”，“学生们可以从中充分领略到所谓的工匠精神”为where引导的非限制性定语从句，where代指前文提到的研学，在从句中作地点状语，“学生们”作主语，译为“students”，“充分领略到”作谓语，译为“can fully appreciate”，“所谓的工匠精神”作宾语，译为“the so-called artisan spirit”。故译为：Summer Huizhou study tour is a rare opportunity to experience intangible cultural heritage, where students can fully appreciate the so-called artisan spirit. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是高中生李明，你非常喜欢小动物，很想领养一只小狗。可你的父母认为养狗会影响你的学习，坚决不同意，为此你们已经争执过几次。你很想说服你的父母，又不想再次冲突，于是给他们写了一封信。你在信中提到了： 父母的顾虑有哪些? 你坚持的理由是什么? 如果能如愿，你会怎么做? (信中不要提及真实姓名及个人信息) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear parents,       I know you oppose my idea of adopting a puppy, and I understand your concerns. You think that having a dog will distract me from my study, and you’re afraid that I’ll spend too much time on it instead of focusing on schoolwork.       But I love animals deeply. A dog can bring so much joy and comfort to my life. When I feel stressed during my study, playing with it can be a great relaxation. Also, having a dog will teach me how to be responsible.       If you allow me to have a dog, I will make a strict schedule. I’ll ensure that I finish all my study tasks first and then take care of the dog. I’ll make sure that having a dog will not have a negative impact on my study. I hope you can understand me. Yours, Li Ming 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就自己想领养一只小狗这件事给父母写了一封信，其内容包括：父母的顾虑、你坚持的理由和如果能如愿，你会怎么做。 【详解】1.词汇积累 反对： oppose → be against 专注于：focus on → concentrate on 快乐：joy → happiness 完成：finish → accomplish 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句： A dog can bring so much joy and comfort to my life. 拓展句：It is obvious that a dog can bring so much joy and comfort to my life. 【点睛】【高分句型1】When I feel stressed during my study, playing with it can be a great relaxation. （运用when引导的时间状语从句以及动名词短语作主语） 【高分句型2】 I’ll ensure that I finish all my study tasks first and then take care of the dog. （运用了that引导的宾语从句） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高一必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 4 ·提升卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a Japanese restaurant. B. On a farm. C. In a tea shop. D. At a make-up store. 2. A. A traffic jam. B. A major accident. C. The interstate highway. D. The morning exercises. 3. A. A painter. B. A farmer. C. An architect. D. An astronaut. 4. A. Work on a report. B. Meet the woman in her office. C. Pick up his son from school. D. Prepare dinner for the woman. 5. A. Cooperative learning. B. Plan making. C. Being attentive in class. D. Taking classmates' advice. 6. A. What the book described still applies to modern society. B. She was thinking about reading the book again. C. This month's book recommended by her. D. The American Dream wasn't thoroughly explored in the book. 7. A. He thinks he selected a nice scarf. B. He wants to know what color the jacket is. C. He wants to know which scarf the woman chose. D. He thinks any color would go well with the jacket. 8. A. Make a plan for the moving. B. Finish the homework for the man. C. Turn on the light for the man. D. Help with the moving process. 9. A. The notes may be in the woman's bag. B. He needs the notes for his biology class. C. The woman can borrow his notes. D. He remembers seeing the notes. 10. A. Laurie wants to play music with other people. B. Laurie taught herself to play the guitar. C. Laurie has a summer job playing guitar. D. Laurie has little musical talent. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. An incident that stopped her being on a diet. B. An incident that reminded her of her worth. C. An incident that almost killed her life. D. An incident that got her to lose weight. 12. A. Remain seated. B. Push the car. C. Leave the car. D. Call someone for help. 13. A. Thankful. B. Embarrassed. C. Offended. D. Worthless. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Humans. B. Roads. C. Bridges. D. Buildings. 15. A. There will be 900 gigatonnes(十亿吨) of trees and 4 gigatonnes of animals. B. Artificial stuff will outweigh natural stuff for the first time. C. Man-made objects will weigh three times more than natural ones. D. The total mass of living things will double that of 140 years ago. 16. A. It reminds us of the gradual decrease of natural resources. B. It highlights our responsibility for environmental sustainability. C. It shows how development results in environmental damage. D. It overturns a theory of human management of the environment. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Their reflections on the use of symbolism in literature. B. Their interest in exploring literature in different ways. C. Their personal understanding of “The Old Man and the Sea”. D. Their divided opinions on writing techniques used in literature. 18. A. The imagery. B. Seasons. C. Colors. D. The river. 19. A. Their use of vivid descriptions for realism. B. Their preference for using complex vocabulary. C. Their skill in adding depth with specific details. D. Their ability to write long stories. 20. A. Enlightening. B. Challenging. C. Irrelevant. D. Straightforward. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How good are you at maths? Some people love the challenge of algebra or enjoy working out number puzzles such as Sudoko. Maths is all around us, from working out how to split the bill after a meal, to 21 (calculate) your household bills. But many fear the moment 22 they have to deal with numbers and figures and feel a real sense of worry and confusion. It can seem  daunting, but  this ‘maths anxiety’ is perfectly normal, and you’re definitely not alone. And anyway, our worries and fears don’t necessarily reflect our ability. The problem really starts in childhood, at school. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their anxiety to the pupils, and girls may be 23 (likely) to be affected. The Programme for International Student Assessment found around 31%of 15 and 16-year-olds across 34 countries said they got very nervous doing maths problems, 33% said they got  tense doing maths homework, and nearly 60% said maths classes would be difficult. Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University’s Questrom School of Business, told the BBC she believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models “is critical, especially 24 a young age”. She thinks the key is 25 (get) people, especially women, who love teaching maths to younger children. Writing for BBC Future, David Robson says “It’s not clear 26 maths arouses so much fear compared to geography. But the fact that there’s a right or wrong answer — there’s no room for bluffing — 27   make you more worried about underperforming.” And 28 we assume we’re not a ‘maths person’, we avoid solving things that we probably could do. Psychologists 29 (try) to work out why mental arithmetic can bring us out in a sweat. That seed of fear may come from many sources, but some suggest that expressing your fears can loosen 30 control on you, and encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat. Ideally, we need to think positively about maths and give it a second chance. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．claimed    B．evacuate    C． fabrics    D．regular    E. significantly    F. sink G. rainstorms    H. similar    I. initially    J. swallowing    K. thought “It was a wave of water,” says Oulimata Sambe. She points out the still-sodden(湿透的) armchairs, muddy wardrobe and the water stain a metre and a half up the wall in her small house in Ngor, a fishing village within Dakar, the capital of Senegal. “I had two grandkids on my bed, I had to 31 them out of the window,” she adds. Not faraway, underpasses on Dakar’s scenic corniche(滨海路) became car- 32 lakes. Just weeks earlier another downpour had turned quiet streets in Dakar into raging rivers and collapsed a section of motorway. 33 events regularly occur across the region. Recent flooding and landslides also killed eight people in Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone. In June flooding killed 12 people in Abidjan, the commercial capital of Ivory Coast. Floods in Lagos, Nigeria’s commercial capital, 34 another seven lives. Even when they are not deadly, city floods ruin lives and livelihoods. Storm water recently flooded the biggest textile(纺织业) market in Kano, a city in northern Nigeria, destroying hundreds of thousands of dollars’ worth of 35 . Unusually heavy rains have become 36 more common over the past 30 years, leaving huge numbers of people at risk. In places this is partly because of deforestation. A recent study by Christopher Taylor of the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, a research institute, and his coauthors found that afternoon 37 in deforested parts of coastal west Africa happen twice as often compared with 30 years ago. Their frequency went up by only about a third in places that kept their forests. Yet 38 flooding of cities in west Africa is not only caused by heavier rain. Unplanned urbanization is also to blame. As cities have grown, builders have thrown up concrete walls with little 39 about providing drainage, making it harder for water to find a clear path to the sea. As ever larger areas have been paved over, there has been less exposed soil into which water can gently 40 away. And as cites get more packed with new arrivals, their few functioning drains get overwhelmed or clogged. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context At a time when scientists know more than they ever have before about the inner lives of animals and when concerns about animal rights become large, many experts think that zoos need a major change if they’ re going to last. To some leaders in the field, the Philadelphia Zoo is the best model out there, but on the other side of the country, a 41 vision of the future is playing out. At Seattle’s Woodland Park Zoo, the elephant exhibit, where countless children watched elephants play, now sits 42 . The zoo, long 43 as a world leader in innovative design, built a $3 million state-of-the-art facility for the species in the 1980s. But in recent years, animal-rights advocates had criticized the exhibit as inhumane for being too small and not 44 the elephants’ natural living area. Under pressure from activists following the death of an elephant in 2014, and thanks to new guidelines from the nation’s main zoo organization, Woodland Park officials decided to 45 one of its most popular exhibits and place the elephants elsewhere. Nearly two centuries after the first modern zoo opened in London’s Regent’s Park, the very concept of a place where families can visit and observe animals is being 46 like never before. Across the U. S. and around the world, zoos are finding that balancing the demands of entertainment, education and conservation is increasingly 47 . Ethical (伦理的) concerns have been coupled with 48 fears — both for people and for animals — following an incident in May when officials at the Cincinnati Zoo shot and killed a 17-year-old gorilla named Harambe to protect a child who’d fallen into the exhibit. More 49 , there’s a greater sensitivity to the environmental implications of zoos. Ask a dozen zoo directors why these places should exist today and you’ll get a different answer every time. Education, conservation and science all 50 . But the 51 answer is cultivating sympathy for animals. Study after study has shown that many animal species are far smarter and more 52 than previously understood, giving new insights into how they may suffer from anxiety and depression when they are removed from 53 . That has forced a difficult existential question: If we acknowledge that creatures suffer when they’re trapped. should they be kept in zoos? Not even those who have 54 the cause for more humane exhibits have an answer. “Even the best zoos today are based on captivity and coercion (囚禁与胁迫).” says Jon Coe, the legendary zoo designer, “To me, that’s the 55 fault.” 41．A．shared B．traditional C．clear D．different 42．A．modern B．crowded C．empty D．up-dated 43．A．predicted B．criticized C．recognized D．recalled 44．A．famous for B．dependent on C．certain about D．reflective of 45．A．close B．sustain C．open D．advertise 46．A．established B．questioned C．promoted D．accepted 47．A．possible B．difficult C．unnatural D．beneficial 48．A．culture B．economy C．environment D．safety 49．A．broadly B．strangely C．luckily D．amazingly 50．A．take in B．get off C．come up D．set out 51．A．most common B．most complex C．rarest D．quickest 52．A．grateful B．feeling C．disappointing D．annoying 53．A．research B．nature C．existence D．shelter 54．A．opposed B．located C．advanced D．twisted 55．A．fundamental B．manageable C．minimum D．maximum Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) As a kid growing up in a suburb of London, I loved to go looking for the perfect park bench. Some Sunday mornings, my dad could be persuaded to drive to new parks. We’d have a kick-around with a soccer ball, share a bag of Dotritos and check out all the benches in the area, reading the words on them. The good park bench leaves me in a state, somewhere between nostalgia (怀旧) and eager antic ration (一份滑稽). Where once I was excited by the words carved on wood, I now find, as a 10-year-old, that I’m more appreciative of each bench’s quiet stoicism (坦然谈定), the way they are willing to wait out their tum in every weather, remaining available to all-comers. Like a good book or piece of music, a park bench allows for a sense of solitude and community at the same time, which is crucial to life in a great city. Part of my recession with park benches is as spaces where history settles. By planting seeds of curiosity, and making space for reflection, park benches become doors to the past. Maybe that’s the greatest power of the park bench: its rapacity (贪婪) encourages the art of observation. A good bench catches us in our quietest, most vulnerable moments, when we may be open to imagining new nanauves and revisiting old ones. Our masks are taken off, hung from the bench’s wrought iron. On other nearby benches,babies are being burped (打嗝). Glances exchanged. Sandwiches eaten. Newspapers read it. Lately, I’ve found me sitting on a lot of cramped metal benches of the kind that don’t invite you to stay long, or uneasy ones that leave you cold. That’s because public seating is becoming an endangered species. Our cities are becoming more like Disneyland, which has been quietly removing public seating and replacing it with more restaurant seating. If you want a moment’s rest in 2Ist-century America, you have to open your wallet. One recent Sunday, I wandered through Central Park. To be in Central Park in what is hopefully the pandemic’s twilight is to be reminded of the beauty of living in a city that still makes space for park benches in the modem cityscape. 56．How did the writer lead in the topic? A．By describing the scene of the park. B．By introducing his childhood experience. C．By revealing his passion for London. D．By showing his father’s affection for him. 57．What can we learn about the writer after he grew up? A．He liked the feel park benches brought to him. B．He enjoyed the peace in the park very much. C．He was still crazy about the words on the bench. D．He was suffering great frustration in his 40s. 58．What does the underlined word “solitude” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Achievements. B．Loss. C．Happiness. D．Privacy. 59．Why is public seating becoming an endangered species? A．It is commercialized. B．It is usually made of metal. C．It is quite out of date. D．It is uncomfortable to sit there. (B) Below is a screenshot of book review on a bestseller My Life on Craigslist. Krysi Joseph 4.0 out of 5 stars Odd, fun and cute story. Great read This was a cute, lighthearted book that explores the life of a Craigslist addict, and how Craiglist, a large free classifieds (分类广告) website, got her through her life so far. The story was well thought out and pretty realistic when it comes to life struggles. It gets a little unbelievable towards the end, and I don’t like it when authors conform to the ‘the world is perfect’ viewpoint most books have, but, that my pessimist breaking through. The book needs some serious editing. She’s repeated the same exact line 3-4 times a couple of and ... (click for more) Kindle Customer 3.0 out of 5 stars Would Have Given it 4 stars, but ... The book went along well. Funny and totally in the here and now. I would have given it more if SPOILER ALERT (剧透警告): It didn’t end with her in a love relationship with the guy she had been spying on that fit her. Seriously, it went ... (click for more) Lovetoread 4.0 out of 5 stars Beach or vacation read — it’s worth it! I was intrigued by the description, so I gave it a shot. I’m glad I did. I was never like the main character, Emily, so it’s interesting to read about her aimless life. She lives on Craigslist - finding roommates, finding work, finding social ... (click for more) Annabellall 5.0 out of 5 stars Lifting my spirits type unforgettable and funny book I read and instantly loved this book, because it is witty and entertaining but at the same time has philosophical and psychological background with an honest look at the real life in a big city. It perfectly shows how a single young woman, while living there and surviving ... (click for more) 60．Who likes the book My Life on Craigslist most? A．Krysi Joseph. B．Annabellall. C．Kindle Customer. D．Lovetoread. 61．Which of the following do both Kindle Customer and Krysi Joseph agree on? A．The book deserves a good rating. B．The ending of the book is disappointing. C．The book is popular with Craigslist addicts. D．The book would have been perfect without editing errors. 62．What is the purpose of the text ? A．To advertise a bestseller. B．To recommend a website. C．To share a woman’s story. D．To present reviews of a book. (C) As countless unmade beds and unfinished homework assignments prove, kids need rules. Yet how parents make demands can powerfully influence a child’s social skills, psychologists at the University of Virginia recently found after the conclusion on a study investigating the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Initially 184 13-year-olds filled out multiple surveys, including one to assess how often their parents employed psychologically controlling strategies, such as threatening to withdraw affection. The kids rated, for example how typical it would be for Dad to suggest that “if I really cared for him, I would not do things that caused him to worry” or for Mom to become “less friendly when I did not see things her way.” The researchers followed up with the subjects at ages 18 and 21, asking the young adults to bring along a close friend. These pairs were asked to answer questions that were purposefully written to cause a difference of opinion. “We wanted to see whether they could handle a disagreement in a healthy way,” says study leader Barbara Oudekerk, now at the U.S. Department of Justice’s Bureau of Statistics. In the October issue of Child Development, Oudekerk and her colleagues report that the 13-year-olds who had highly controlling parents floundered in friendly disagreements at age 18. They had difficulty stating their opinions in a confident, reasoned manner in comparison to the kids without controlling parents. And when they did speak up, they often failed to express themselves in warm and productive ways. The researchers suspect that controlling parents affect their child’s ability to learn how to argue his or her own viewpoint in other relationships. Although parents do need to set boundaries， dominating strategies imply that any disagreement will damage the bond itself. Separate findings suggest that parents who explain the reasons behind their rules and turn disagreements into conversations leave youngsters better prepared for future disagreements. The consequences of tense or dominating relationships appear to worsen with time. This study also found that social difficulties at 18 predicted even poorer communication abilities at age 21. Psychologist Shmuel Shulman of Bar-llan University in Israel, who did not participate in the work, thinks these conclusions convincingly reveal how relationship patterns “carry forward” into new friendships. 63．What did the researchers from the University of Virginia do in their research? A．They asked kids about how they got along with their parents. B．They surveyed some parents about what rules kids needed. C．They inquired into what the kids’ friends thought of them. D．They traced their subjects for nearly eight years. 64．The phrase “floundered in” (in paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to ___. A．struggled with B．dealt with C．looked over D．took over 65．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Shmuel Shulman thinks more evidence is needed for the new research. B．Controlling parents’ influence on their kids gets stronger as time goes by. C．21-year-olds are more eager to be free of parents’ control than 18-year-olds. D．Kids can handle disagreement better if their parents get along well with each other. 66．What is the passage mainly about? A．Pushy parents could harm their kids’ social skills. B．Kids should learn what friendly disagreements are. C．Parents; affection matters in terms of kids; personality. D．Few parents explain the reasons why they set boundaries. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. A．Some therapists utilize techniques that act against the physical symptoms of fear. B．Survival may hot hang in the balance, but social, professional or financial success can seem to be in grave danger. C．All these symptoms eat away at the very resources needed to rise to the occasion: steady hands, clear memory and a cool head. D．The individual begins by imagining failure, works himself or herself into a state and then criticizes his or her own abilities. E．At Harvard, Powell found that facing anxiety can be a hard task, but many times the fear arises from completely controllable preconditions. F．Because performance anxiety arises when other people are present, many psychologists believe that the condition is a sub-category of social anxiety. Fear is good; in emergencies, it enables us to fight or flee. But often we get scared at the wrong time - when we step onto the field for a big soccer game or up to the microphone at a large town meeting. Professional athletes and actors say some nervousness help them concentrate better. But, when performance anxiety is too powerful, it undermines our efforts; a violinist cannot find the correct notes, a manager in a meeting forgets all the talking points. 67 . The human anxiety reaction begins almost automatically and includes clear physiological symptoms; a racing heart, sweating, stomach pains. Some people have trouble breathing or feel faint. Thus alarmed, victims may withdraw into themselves or shock others around them with aggressive outbursts. If the need to perform is a regular requirement, they may suffer from nightmares or fall into depression. 68 Studies reveal that anxiety-plagued executives and less able to apply logical intelligence on standard tests than calmer colleagues 69 Yet psychologist Douglas H. Powell of Harvard Medical School is convinced that severe stage fright is a phenomenon unto itself, given that it appears in only certain well-defined situations. Sociophobes (社恐的人) , in contrast, suffer merely when others are present. Whereas people with social phobias fear the negative feelings of others, those swith performance anxiety are their own harshest critics. They are perfectionists and would rather cancel an appearance — or avoid it —than not meet their own standards and, by extension, not be able to demonstrate how good they are. This destructive style of thinking often arises from a lack of self-esteem. 70 Previous bad experiences can be a trigger —an embarrassing experience in a school play or a single failed test can sometimes arouse such strong feelings of shame in youngsters that as adults they will avoid any remotely similar undertaking. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Socks Help You Sleep Better If you’re one of those people who has trouble falling asleep, listen up. You might fall asleep 15 minutes earlier and wake up far less during the night if you put on a pair of socks at bedtime. To understand why you first need to grasp the relationship between core body temperature and sleep. During daylight hours, the human body hums along at an average temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius). But at night, your core body temperature dips as much as 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.2 degrees Celsius) over the course of six or seven hours of sleep. This gradual decrease in core body temperature, as it turns out, is a key part of the complicated neurobiological (神经生物学) dance of falling asleep and staying asleep. And the faster you can lower the core body temperature, the faster you will fall asleep. Researchers have show that warming the feet before going to sleep using a warm feet bath or by wearing socks promotes vasodilation (血管扩张), which in turn lowers the body’s core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold, bare feet. Scientists suppose that socked feet have a neurological effect as well. Inside the brain’s “thermostat (恒湿器)” is a type of neuron called a warm-sensitive neuron (WSN) that increases its firing rate when there’s a temperature difference between the body’s core temperature and extremities like the feet. Research has shown that WSN firing rates go way up on the beginning or slow wave or deep sleep and gradually decrease prior to waking up. So WSNs may play a role in generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. And if that is the case, warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power. In a small study, researchers found that wearing a pair of special sleeping socks not only sped up the beginning of sleep, but increased overall sleep time by an average of 30 minutes and cut nighttime waking periods in half. If you are worried about becoming too warm while wearing socks in bed, look for ones made of natural breathable fibers. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72．我们最好每个月留出一定数额的钱, 以防紧急情况发生。(in case) ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】We’d better set aside a certain amount of money every month in case emergency occurs. 73．下个月公司将推出新型号的产品，该产品以20多岁的年轻人为目标。(launch) ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Next month, the company will launch a new model targeting young people in their twenties. 74．再次见面时，他送给我一本新出版的书，里面附有一封感谢信。(enclose) ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, with a letter of thanks enclosed. 75．暑期的徽州研学是一次体验非物质文化遗产千载难逢的机会，学生们可以从中充分领略到所谓的工匠精神。(where) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是高中生李明，你非常喜欢小动物，很想领养一只小狗。可你的父母认为养狗会影响你的学习，坚决不同意，为此你们已经争执过几次。你很想说服你的父母，又不想再次冲突，于是给他们写了一封信。你在信中提到了： 父母的顾虑有哪些? 你坚持的理由是什么? 如果能如愿，你会怎么做? (信中不要提及真实姓名及个人信息) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $