精品解析：上海市浦东新区上海海事大学附属北蔡高级中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

海大附中2025学年度第一学期期中教学质量检测高二英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension (20分) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A coach. B. A musician. C. A journalist. D. A secretary. 2. A.7:30. B. 8:00. C. 6:30. D. 8:30. 3. A. In a hospital. B. In a restaurant. C. In a kitchen. D. In a bank. 4. A. Attend a wedding ceremony. B. Organize a family reunion. C. Go on a spring outing. D. Stay home doing nothing. 5. A. A significant quote from a wise man. B. The inspiration from a man in desperation. C. The advice for those in desperation to resign. D. A lesson learnt through fighting against nature. 6. A. The course is becoming more interesting. B. The professor asks students to take notes. C. The fascination of the course is declining. D. He’s not as bored in the class as the woman. 7. A. The woman shouldn’t watch the program either. B. He did not know that the television was on. C. The TV program will be over before long. D. The woman can turn the television off. 8. A. The woman’s work is all in her head. B. The woman has to do two experiments. C. It’s a good idea to work together. D. It is the first time for him to study maths. 9. A. The woman is sensitive to the paint. B. The woman likes the decoration of the room. C. The furniture comes from a secondhand store. D. The man is glad that he needn’t paint the walls. 10. A. No one qualifies as the study group leader. B. He is the right person to lead the study group. C. He will recommend someone else as the group leader. D. They shouldn’t count on anyone for help with the selection. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. His parents. B. College art students. C. His fellow farmers. D. Art professors. 12. A. Its location in Central China and snacks. B. Its natural landscape and farm products. C. Its farmer paintings and rural tourism. D. Its overseas business and good harvests. 13. A. Xiaohe town sells pens and brushes. B. Villagers give up farming to seek wealth. C. Artists in college combine art into farming. D. Farmers learn to paint their way out of poverty. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Because it can increase employees’ productivity and well-being. B. Because it can help build a harmonious company culture. C. Because it can promote employees’ devotion and loyalty. D. Because it can strengthen the ties between employees. 15. A. Production of quality work. B. Dependency on mental therapy. C. A close connection with the world. D. Employees’ increasing anxiety and stress. 16. A. Banning the use of mobile devices during work. B. Developing apps to turn off distracting notices. C. Dividing employees’ screen time among different apps. D. Arousing employees’ awareness of the importance of digitalization. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To find someone to fix her car. B. To earn money with her skills. C. To teach others how to play the piano. D. To exchange life necessities with Mark. 18. A. To live with less stuff. B. To publicize consuming desire. C. To raise money for the poor. D. To save money for rainy days. 19. A. They can buy bargains when there is a promotion campaign. B. They can borrow, visit a charity shop, or exchange with others. C. They can make a purchase of whatever stuff within their budget. D. They can only exchange for things with other members of the Compact. 20. A. She needs time for a second thought. B. She can’t resist the temptation of shopping. C. She doubts whether it will make a difference. D. She has already joined the City Exchange Network. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it ___1___ it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs ___2___(become) a doctor. Most training is concerned___3___ technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords (声带) would be inadequate without___4___(control) muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm,___5___ are two entirely different movements. Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists ___6___(spare) this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for___7___ . But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear. The problem___8___(face) student conductors is that they have to learn to know every note of the music and___9___ it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority. Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music_____10_____ they can enjoy performing works written in any century. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. digesting B. distinction C. examine D. identical E. intervening F. live G. mixture H. perspective I. shock J. space K. texting A face-to-face communication — a thing of the past We all think we communicate all the time, and that’s true. There’s also non-verbal communication you could add into the mix — everything we’re saying when we’re not saying anything. But there’s a ____11____ between saying things to people, or liking and sharing a post on social media, and communication. I’m quite well connected — there’s Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, email..., but sometimes communication starts to feel like a chore. Check this blog post, read that article someone shared, ____12____, back to someone else and answer their question… So it was quite a ____13____ to spend New Year in the Highlands in Scotland with no phone signal, no internet and no ‘communication’ at all, apart from with the people I was with. Suddenly all the pressure to communicate disappeared. All of our conversations became slower, more involved and far more interesting. We were a group of 12, a ____14____ of couples and friends, only one of whom I was at university with, so I was meeting a bunch of new people for the first time. Our conversations veered towards the banal and the humdrum in that we often discussed our plans for the day and what we were going to cook in the evening, but often they went a lot farther and a lot deeper. Tucked up on the leather sofas, ____15____ dinner, we dissected Brexit and one person even changed their ____16____ entirely! We shared ideas and theories, plots of books and plays and city trips we’d been on, described family troubles and gave advice, listened to work scenarios and offered pointers, and we had to talk and sketch and use words more than ever before, because you couldn’t say, ‘It’s a great film, you should google it later.’ Some of us even had sore throats from talking so much! In such a short ____17____ of time, due to the proximity of sharing interconnected cottages and verbal communication, I felt much closer to the new people I’d met and been speaking with than some other people I communicate with in my normal life. I don’t think our common, current methods of communication come close to being in a small house with lots of people and having to communicate ____18____. The brevity (简洁) of Twitter, the showiness of Facebook, all these aspects contribute to a shallow form of communication that doesn’t challenge you to ____19____ your feelings and motives enough. ‘Liking something is an instant response but what does it really say about your opinion of something?’ It’s an ____20____ response to millions of other people, whereas you and your thought are unique. If you’re not careful, perhaps we might forget how to communicate on a deeper level! And what did my student mean? Were they distressed? Panicked? Melancholic? I’ll never know. III. Reading Comprehension (31分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How E-Reading Threatens Learning in the Humanities For the past five years, I’ve been examining the pros and cons of reading on-screen versus (与……对比) in print. The bottom line is that while digital devices may be fine for reading that we don’t intend to ____21____ or reread, text that requires what’s been called “deep reading” is nearly always better done in print. Readers themselves have a keen sense of what kind of reading is best suited for which ____22____. My survey research with university students in the United States, Germany, and Japan reveals that if cost were the same, about 90 percent (at least in my sample) ____23____ hard copy for schoolwork. If a text is long, 92 percent would choose hard copy. For ____24____ texts, it’s a toss-up (难以定夺的事). Digital reading also ____25____ distraction and invites multitasking. Among American and Japanese subjects, 92 percent reported it was easiest to concentrate when reading in hard copy. (The figure for Germany was 98 percent.) In this country, 26 percent indicated they were ____26____ to multitask while reading in print, compared with 85 percent when reading on-screen. Imagine ____27____ with Finnegan’s Wake while simultaneously juggling Facebook and booking a vacation flight. You get the point. Several open-ended questions on my survey were particularly ____28____. I asked what people liked most (and least) about reading in each medium. Common ____29____ for what students liked most about reading in print included “I can write on the pages and remember the material easier” and “it’s easier to focus.” When asked what they liked least about reading ____30____, a number of Japanese students reported that it wasn’t “real reading,” while respondents from all three countries complained that they “get distracted” or “don’t absorb as much.” My all-time favorite reply to the question “What is the one thing you ____31____ about reading in print?” came from an American: “It takes me longer because I read more carefully.” Isn’t careful reading what academic was designed to promote? Which brings us back to the humanities? Readings in the humanities tend to be lengthy, intellectually weighty, or both. The ____32____ of digital reading for the humanities is that screens — particularly those on devices with Internet connections — undermine our encounters with meaty texts. These ____33____ weren’t designed for focused concentration, reading slowly, pausing to argue virtually with the author, or rereading. ____34____, they are information and communication machines, best used for searching and skimming — not scrutinizing. Teachers and scholars must look beyond today’s career-mindedness in talking about challenges to the humanities. We need to think more carefully about students’ mounting rejection of long-form reading, now ____35____ by digital technologies that further complicate our struggle to engage students in serious text-based inquiry. 21. A. hurry through B. reflect on C. inquire about D. chew over 22. A. style B. medium C. page D. content 23. A. prefer B. keep C. share D. refuse 24. A. simpler B. clearer C. shorter D. newer 25. A. avoids B. encourages C. delays D. blocks 26. A. likely B. free C. difficult D. reluctant 27. A. comparing B. beginning C. struggling D. staying 28. A. interesting B. challenging C. working D. revealing 29. A. responses B. difficulties C. senses D. stories 30. A. normally B. physically C. digitally D. virtually 31. A. worry B. dislike C. favor D. complain 32. A. feature B. basic C. convenience D. challenge 33. A. texts B. forms C. devices D. subjects 34. A. Also B. Rather C. Instead D. Therefore 35 A. improved B. measured C. invented D. intensified Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet... We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically. Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale (秤) instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels. On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle. The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients (营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemicals that go into diet products are potentially dangerous. Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them. 36. From Paragraph 1, we learn that ______. A. diet products fail to bring out people’s potential B. people have difficulty in choosing diet products C diet products are misleading people D. people are fed up with diet products 37. One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to ______. A. try out a variety of diet foods B. hesitate before they enjoy diet foods C. pay attention to their own eating habits D. watch their weight rather than their diet 38. In Paragraph 3, “gain comes without pain” probably means ______. A. losing weight is effortless B. it costs a lot to lose weight C. diet products bring no pain D. diet products are free from calories 39. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? C: central point P: point Sp: sub-point (次要点) C: conclusion A. B. C. D. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Young children value the lives of animals more than adults do If you had to save the life of a person or an animal, which would you choose? Most adults say they would pick the person, but almost half of young children would prefer to save the animal, according to a study in Poland. “The finding really surprised us,” says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh, UK. ____40____ For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose. However, growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently. Using a toy railway and Lego figures (乐高积木人形), Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with virtual scenarios (虚拟场景). The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or chimpanzee. ____41____ About 42 percent of the children wanted to save the dog or the chimpanzee and make the rail car crash into the person, compared with just 17 percent of adults. “Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a general rule that applies to both humans and animals,” says Karri Neldner. ____42____ “However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural values that tell us it’s really important to care for other people,” says Neldner. ____43____ When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people, animals, plants and objects according to how much they cared about them, the 4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds. The reason children value dogs so highly is probably due to familiarity, says Wilks. Her studies have found that children who spent more time with dogs were more likely to say they would save a dog over a person. A. Most adults view human life as especially precious. B. Her research suggests this shift starts by the age of 10. C. Surprisingly, children were more likely to save a dog over a person. D. For comparison, the researchers repeated this with 178 Polish adults aged 18 to 50. E. As a result, they don’t show a strong preference for saving one over the other, she says. F. About 28 percent of children aged 5 to 9 said they would save a dog over a person compared with 8 percent of adults. IV. Translation (14分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 44. 由于缺钱，那对夫妇不得不放弃购买奢侈品。(lack n.)(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 45. 父母总是尽力给予他们的孩子最好的生活条件和教育。(commit) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 46. 随着社会的进步，如今中学生有越来越多社会实践的机会。(access n.) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 47. 纷繁复杂的信息可在因特网上任意获取，因此我们要学会选择正确的东西而不是牢骚满腹。(available) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing (15分) 48 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 我校即将举办读书节，请你介绍你最喜欢的一本书并阐明理由。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 海大附中2025学年度第一学期期中教学质量检测高二英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension (20分) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A coach. B. A musician. C. A journalist. D. A secretary. 2. A.7:30. B. 8:00. C. 6:30. D. 8:30. 3. A. In a hospital. B. In a restaurant. C. In a kitchen. D. In a bank. 4. A. Attend a wedding ceremony. B. Organize a family reunion. C. Go on a spring outing. D. Stay home doing nothing. 5. A. A significant quote from a wise man. B. The inspiration from a man in desperation. C. The advice for those in desperation to resign. D. A lesson learnt through fighting against nature. 6. A. The course is becoming more interesting. B. The professor asks students to take notes. C. The fascination of the course is declining. D. He’s not as bored in the class as the woman. 7. A. The woman shouldn’t watch the program either. B. He did not know that the television was on. C. The TV program will be over before long. D. The woman can turn the television off. 8. A. The woman’s work is all in her head. B. The woman has to do two experiments. C. It’s a good idea to work together. D. It is the first time for him to study maths. 9. A. The woman is sensitive to the paint. B. The woman likes the decoration of the room. C. The furniture comes from a secondhand store. D. The man is glad that he needn’t paint the walls. 10. A. No one qualifies as the study group leader. B. He is the right person to lead the study group. C. He will recommend someone else as the group leader. D. They shouldn’t count on anyone for help with the selection. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. His parents. B. College art students. C. His fellow farmers. D. Art professors. 12. A. Its location in Central China and snacks. B. Its natural landscape and farm products. C. Its farmer paintings and rural tourism. D. Its overseas business and good harvests. 13. A. Xiaohe town sells pens and brushes. B. Villagers give up farming to seek wealth. C. Artists in college combine art into farming. D. Farmers learn to paint their way out of poverty. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Because it can increase employees’ productivity and well-being. B. Because it can help build a harmonious company culture. C. Because it can promote employees’ devotion and loyalty. D. Because it can strengthen the ties between employees. 15. A. Production of quality work. B. Dependency on mental therapy. C. A close connection with the world. D. Employees’ increasing anxiety and stress. 16. A. Banning the use of mobile devices during work. B. Developing apps to turn off distracting notices. C. Dividing employees’ screen time among different apps. D. Arousing employees’ awareness of the importance of digitalization. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To find someone to fix her car. B. To earn money with her skills. C. To teach others how to play the piano. D. To exchange life necessities with Mark. 18. A. To live with less stuff. B. To publicize consuming desire. C. To raise money for the poor. D. To save money for rainy days. 19. A. They can buy bargains when there is a promotion campaign. B. They can borrow, visit a charity shop, or exchange with others. C. They can make a purchase of whatever stuff within their budget. D. They can only exchange for things with other members of the Compact. 20. A. She needs time for a second thought. B. She can’t resist the temptation of shopping. C. She doubts whether it will make a difference. D. She has already joined the City Exchange Network. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it ___1___ it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs ___2___(become) a doctor. Most training is concerned___3___ technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords (声带) would be inadequate without___4___(control) muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm,___5___ are two entirely different movements. Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists ___6___(spare) this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for___7___ . But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear. The problem___8___(face) student conductors is that they have to learn to know every note of the music and___9___ it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority. Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music_____10_____ they can enjoy performing works written in any century. 【答案】1. until/before 2. to become 3. with 4. controlled 5. which 6. are spared 7. them 8. facing 9. how 10. that 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，画家和作曲家的区别，作曲家写一首作品，由演奏者演奏，因此职业歌手和演奏家责任很大。 【1题详解】 考查时间状语从句。句意：作曲家写一首作品，但直到演奏时人们才能听到/在演奏之前没有人能听到。由句意可知，此处是时间状语从句，应使用until或before引导。故填until或before。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一个学音乐的学生要成为一名表演者需要长期而艰苦的训练，就像一个学医的学生要成为一名医生一样。固定搭配need to do sth.“需要做某事”，此处用动词不定式（to do）形式。故填to become。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：大多数训练都与技术有关，因为音乐家必须像运动员或芭蕾舞演员一样有肌肉技巧。固定搭配be concerned with…“与……有关”。故填with。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：歌手们每天练习呼吸，因为如果没有受控的肌肉支撑，他们的声带将是不够的。动词control和名词短语muscular support是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词表被动，做名词短语muscular support的前置定语。故填controlled。 【5题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：弦乐演奏者练习左手手指上下移动，同时用右臂前后拉弓，这是两种完全不同的动作。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句的内容，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【6题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：钢琴家不必担心，因为音符已经在那里了，钢琴调音师有责任为他们调音。此处缺乏谓语，讲的是事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Pianists和谓语动词spare是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语Pianists是复数，谓语也用复数形式。故填are spared。 【7题详解】 考查代词。句意：钢琴家不必担心，因为音符已经在那里了，钢琴调音师有责任为他们调音。此处用宾格代词them指代Pianists。故填them。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：面向学生指挥家的问题是，他们必须学会了解音乐的每一个音符以及它应该如何发音，他们需要以热情但无私的权威来控制这些声音。主句已有谓语is，且无连词，动词face用非谓语形式，名词The problem和动词face是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词，表主动，做名词The problem的后置定语。故填facing。 【9题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：面向学生指挥家的问题是，他们必须学会了解音乐的每一个音符以及它应该如何发音，他们需要以热情但无私的权威来控制这些声音。此处做know的宾语从句，从句缺乏连接词，由句意可知，此处表方式，应用连接副词how。故填how。 【10题详解】 考查结果状语从句。句意：伟大的艺术家是那些完全精通音乐语言的人，以至于他们可以欣赏任何一个世纪的作品。由句意可知，此处用so…that…“如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从句。故填that。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. digesting B. distinction C. examine D. identical E. intervening F. live G. mixture H. perspective I. shock J. space K. texting A face-to-face communication — a thing of the past We all think we communicate all the time, and that’s true. There’s also non-verbal communication you could add into the mix — everything we’re saying when we’re not saying anything. But there’s a ____11____ between saying things to people, or liking and sharing a post on social media, and communication. I’m quite well connected — there’s Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, email..., but sometimes communication starts to feel like a chore. Check this blog post, read that article someone shared, ____12____, back to someone else and answer their question… So it was quite a ____13____ to spend New Year in the Highlands in Scotland with no phone signal, no internet and no ‘communication’ at all, apart from with the people I was with. Suddenly all the pressure to communicate disappeared. All of our conversations became slower, more involved and far more interesting. We were a group of 12, a ____14____ of couples and friends, only one of whom I was at university with, so I was meeting a bunch of new people for the first time. Our conversations veered towards the banal and the humdrum in that we often discussed our plans for the day and what we were going to cook in the evening, but often they went a lot farther and a lot deeper. Tucked up on the leather sofas, ____15____ dinner, we dissected Brexit and one person even changed their ____16____ entirely! We shared ideas and theories, plots of books and plays and city trips we’d been on, described family troubles and gave advice, listened to work scenarios and offered pointers, and we had to talk and sketch and use words more than ever before, because you couldn’t say, ‘It’s a great film, you should google it later.’ Some of us even had sore throats from talking so much! In such a short ____17____ of time, due to the proximity of sharing interconnected cottages and verbal communication, I felt much closer to the new people I’d met and been speaking with than some other people I communicate with in my normal life. I don’t think our common, current methods of communication come close to being in a small house with lots of people and having to communicate ____18____. The brevity (简洁) of Twitter, the showiness of Facebook, all these aspects contribute to a shallow form of communication that doesn’t challenge you to ____19____ your feelings and motives enough. ‘Liking something is an instant response but what does it really say about your opinion of something?’ It’s an ____20____ response to millions of other people, whereas you and your thought are unique. If you’re not careful, perhaps we might forget how to communicate on a deeper level! And what did my student mean? Were they distressed? Panicked? Melancholic? I’ll never know. 【答案】11. B 12. K 13. I 14. G 15. A 16. H 17. J 18. F 19. C 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讨论了现代通信方式的缺点，它们很少能够达到与面对面交流相比的亲近程度和深度。笔者通过在苏格兰高地度过新年假期的经历，发现在没有手机信号和互联网的情况下，与人面对面交流更有趣、更亲近。文章认为现代通信方式存在表面化和肤浅的问题，缺乏让人们深思感受和动机的能力。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：但在社交媒体上对人说话、点赞和分享帖子和交流是有区别的。，设空处使用名词作主语，结合“between saying things to people, or liking and sharing a post on social media, and communication”可知，名词distinction“区别”符合句意，表示有区别。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：看看这篇博客，读读别人分享的文章，给别人发短信，回答他们的问题……，句中check、read和answer三个谓语动词构成并列，设空处是非谓语动词，结合“back to someone else”可知，动词text“发短信”符合句意，表示给别人发短信，表示动作伴随发生，用现在分词作状语。故选K。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：所以，在苏格兰高地度过新年，没有手机信号，没有网络，除了和我在一起的人之外，没有任何“交流”，这对我来说是相当震惊的。，设空处使用名词作表语，结合“with no phone signal, no internet and no ‘communication’ at all”可知，名词shock“震惊”符合句意，表示这种情况相当震惊。故选I。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们一共有12个人，有情侣也有朋友，只有一个是我的大学同学，所以我第一次认识了一群“新朋友”。，设空处介绍“我们”这12个人的身份情况，作表语，应用名词，结合“of couples and friends”可知，名词mixture “混合（物）”符合题意，表示有情侣也有朋友。故选G。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们蜷缩在皮沙发上，消化晚餐，剖析英国脱欧，有一个人甚至完全改变了他们的观点！，句子主干成分完整，设空处是非谓语动词，结合“dinner”可知，动词digest“消化”符合题意，此处表示动作伴随发生，故使用现在分词作状语。故选A。 16题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们蜷缩在皮沙发上，消化晚餐，剖析英国脱欧，有一个人甚至完全改变了他们的观点！，设空处使用名词作宾语，结合“we dissected Brexit”可知，名词perspective“观点，视角”符合题意，表示改变了他们的观点。故选H。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：在这么短的时间里，由于住在彼此相连的小屋里，又有语言上的交流，相比于平时其他一些交流的人，我感觉自己与这些相遇并交谈的新人更亲近。，设空处使用名词作宾语，结合“of time”可知，名词space“空间”符合题意，in a short space of time为固定短语，意为“在短时间内”。故选J。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：我不认为我们目前常用的通信方式能够媲美与许多人住在一个小屋子里并进行现场交流的情况。设空处使用副词作状语，结合“with lots of people and having to communicate”可知，副词live“现场地”符合题意，表示进行现场交流。故选F。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：Twitter的简洁，Facebook的炫耀，所有这些方面都导致了一种肤浅的交流形式，无法让你充分审视自己的感受和动机。，设空处使用动词与空前的to构成不定式结构，结合“your feelings and motives enough”可知，动词examine “审视，检查”符合题意，表示充分审视自己的感受和动机。故选C。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：对数百万人来说，这是一个相同的反应，而你和你的想法是独一无二的。，设空处使用形容词作定语，结合“whereas you and your thoughts are unique”可知，形容词identical“相同的”符合题意，表示相同的反应。故选D。 III. Reading Comprehension (31分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How E-Reading Threatens Learning in the Humanities For the past five years, I’ve been examining the pros and cons of reading on-screen versus (与……对比) in print. The bottom line is that while digital devices may be fine for reading that we don’t intend to ____21____ or reread, text that requires what’s been called “deep reading” is nearly always better done in print. Readers themselves have a keen sense of what kind of reading is best suited for which ____22____. My survey research with university students in the United States, Germany, and Japan reveals that if cost were the same, about 90 percent (at least in my sample) ____23____ hard copy for schoolwork. If a text is long, 92 percent would choose hard copy. For ____24____ texts, it’s a toss-up (难以定夺的事). Digital reading also ____25____ distraction and invites multitasking. Among American and Japanese subjects, 92 percent reported it was easiest to concentrate when reading in hard copy. (The figure for Germany was 98 percent.) In this country, 26 percent indicated they were ____26____ to multitask while reading in print, compared with 85 percent when reading on-screen. Imagine ____27____ with Finnegan’s Wake while simultaneously juggling Facebook and booking a vacation flight. You get the point. Several open-ended questions on my survey were particularly ____28____. I asked what people liked most (and least) about reading in each medium. Common ____29____ for what students liked most about reading in print included “I can write on the pages and remember the material easier” and “it’s easier to focus.” When asked what they liked least about reading ____30____, a number of Japanese students reported that it wasn’t “real reading,” while respondents from all three countries complained that they “get distracted” or “don’t absorb as much.” My all-time favorite reply to the question “What is the one thing you ____31____ about reading in print?” came from an American: “It takes me longer because I read more carefully.” Isn’t careful reading what academic was designed to promote? Which brings us back to the humanities? Readings in the humanities tend to be lengthy, intellectually weighty, or both. The ____32____ of digital reading for the humanities is that screens — particularly those on devices with Internet connections — undermine our encounters with meaty texts. These ____33____ weren’t designed for focused concentration, reading slowly, pausing to argue virtually with the author, or rereading. ____34____, they are information and communication machines, best used for searching and skimming — not scrutinizing. Teachers and scholars must look beyond today’s career-mindedness in talking about challenges to the humanities. We need to think more carefully about students’ mounting rejection of long-form reading, now ____35____ by digital technologies that further complicate our struggle to engage students in serious text-based inquiry. 21. A. hurry through B. reflect on C. inquire about D. chew over 22. A. style B. medium C. page D. content 23. A. prefer B. keep C. share D. refuse 24. A. simpler B. clearer C. shorter D. newer 25. A. avoids B. encourages C. delays D. blocks 26. A. likely B. free C. difficult D. reluctant 27. A. comparing B. beginning C. struggling D. staying 28. A. interesting B. challenging C. working D. revealing 29. A. responses B. difficulties C. senses D. stories 30. A. normally B. physically C. digitally D. virtually 31. A. worry B. dislike C. favor D. complain 32. A. feature B. basic C. convenience D. challenge 33. A. texts B. forms C. devices D. subjects 34. A. Also B. Rather C. Instead D. Therefore 35. A. improved B. measured C. invented D. intensified 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨电子阅读对人文科学学习的威胁，通过调查数据对比纸质阅读与电子阅读的差异，强调深度阅读更适合纸质媒介。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：归根结底，虽然数字设备适合阅读那些我们不打算仔细思考或重读的内容，但需要所谓“深度阅读”的文本几乎总是打印出来阅读更好。A. hurry through匆匆浏览；B. reflect on思考；C. inquire about询问；D. chew over仔细考虑。根据下文“deep reading” 知，此处与深度阅读相关，指需要仔细思考或重读的文本，故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：读者自己很清楚哪种阅读方式最适合哪种媒介。A. style风格；B. medium媒介；C. page页面；D. content内容。全文围绕“纸质阅读（print）”和“电子阅读（digital devices）”两种媒介展开，此处指不同阅读适合不同媒介，故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对美国、德国和日本大学生的调查研究显示，如果成本相同，大约 90%（至少在我的样本中）的学生更喜欢纸质版用于学业。A. prefer更喜欢；B. keep保持；C. share分享；D. refuse拒绝。根据下文“92 percent would choose hard copy”可知，此处指更喜欢纸质版，故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于较短的文本，人们则难以定夺。A. simpler更简单的；B. clearer更清晰的；C. shorter更短的；D. newer更新的。根据上文“If a text is long, 92 percent would choose hard copy”可知，此处与long形成对比，指较短的文本，故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：电子阅读也会鼓励分心，并让人一心多用。A. avoids避免；B. encourages鼓励，助长；C. delays推迟；D. blocks阻碍。根据下文“multitask while reading in print, compared with 85 percent when reading on-screen.”可知，电子阅读会助长分心行为，故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这个国家，26%的人表示他们在阅读纸质书时可能同时处理多项任务，而在阅读电子屏幕时这一比例为85%。A. likely可能的；B. free自由的；C. difficult困难的；D. reluctant不情愿的。根据下文上文“Digital reading also  5 distraction and invites multitasking.”和下文“to multitask while reading in print”可知，此处指仅有26%的人表示在阅读纸质书籍时可能同时处理多项任务，故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：想象一下，一边努力阅读《芬尼根的守灵夜》，一边还要刷脸书、预订度假航班。A. comparing比较；B. beginning开始；C. struggling努力，艰难应对；D. staying停留。根据常识可知《芬尼根的守灵夜》以晦涩难懂著称，结合下文“simultaneously juggling Facebook and booking a vacation flight” 可知，此处指“艰难阅读”，故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我调查中的几个开放式问题尤其能揭示真相。A. interesting有趣的；B. challenging有挑战性的；C. working起作用的；D. revealing有启发意义的，揭示真相的。根据下文“for what students liked most about reading in print included “I can write on the pages and remember the material easier” and “it’s easier to focus.””和“a number of Japanese students reported that it wasn’t “real reading,” while respondents from all three countries complained that they “get distracted” or “don’t absorb as much.””引用学生的具体回答可知，这些问题能反映真实情况，故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生们最喜欢纸质阅读的常见回答包括 “我可以在书页上做笔记，更容易记住内容” 和 “更容易集中注意力”。A. responses回答，回应；B. difficulties困难；C. senses感觉；D. stories故事。根据上文“open-ended questions”可知，此处指学生对问题的回答，故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当被问及他们最不喜欢电子阅读的什么时，许多日本学生表示这不是“真正的阅读”，而来自这三个国家的受访者都抱怨说他们“容易分心”或“吸收的内容不多”。A. normally正常地；B. physically身体上；C. digitally以电子方式；D. virtually实际上。全文对比纸质阅读和电子阅读，上文““I can write on the pages and remember the material easier” and “it’s easier to focus.” ”讲纸质阅读的优点，此处对应讲电子阅读的缺点，故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直以来最喜欢的一个回答来自一位美国人，他回答“你最不喜欢纸质阅读的哪一点？”这个问题时说：“我读纸质书花的时间更长，因为我读得更仔细。”A. worry担心；B. dislike不喜欢；C. favor喜爱；D. complain抱怨。根据上文“When asked what they liked least about reading  10 , a number of Japanese students reported that it wasn’t “real reading,”可知，此处指和上文“不喜欢电子阅读”呼应，指对“最不喜欢纸质阅读”这个问题的回答，且下文“Isn’t careful reading what academic was designed to promote?”也暗示那位美国人不喜欢纸质阅读。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人文科学电子阅读面临的挑战在于，屏幕 —— 尤其是那些联网设备的屏幕 —— 破坏了我们与厚重文本的接触。A. feature特征；B. basic基础；C. convenience便利；D. challenge挑战。文章标题为“How E-Reading Threatens Learning in the Humanities”，核心是电子阅读的威胁（挑战），此处与标题呼应，故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些设备并非为专注、慢速阅读、暂停下来与作者进行虚拟争论或重读而设计。A. texts文本；B. forms形式；C. devices设备；D. subjects科目。根据上文“screens — particularly those on devices with Internet connections”可知，此处指电子设备，故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，它们是信息和通信工具，最适合用于搜索和浏览 —— 而不是仔细研读。A. Also也；B. Rather相反，而是；C. Instead代替；D. Therefore因此。上文“weren’t designed for focused concentration, reading slowly, pausing to argue virtually with the author, or rereading.”和下文“they are information and communication machines, best used for searching and skimming — not scrutinizing.”是转折关系，rather“相反”，符合语境，故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要更仔细地思考学生对长篇阅读日益增长的排斥，如今数字技术加剧了这种排斥，使我们更难让学生参与到严肃的文本探究中。A. improved改善；B. measured测量；C. invented发明；D. intensified加剧，强化。根据下文“further complicate our struggle”可知，数字技术让问题更复杂，即“加剧”了学生对长篇阅读的排斥，故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet... We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically. Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale (秤) instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels. On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle. The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients (营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemicals that go into diet products are potentially dangerous. Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them. 36. From Paragraph 1, we learn that ______. A. diet products fail to bring out people’s potential B. people have difficulty in choosing diet products C. diet products are misleading people D. people are fed up with diet products 37. One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to ______. A. try out a variety of diet foods B. hesitate before they enjoy diet foods C. pay attention to their own eating habits D. watch their weight rather than their diet 38. In Paragraph 3, “gain comes without pain” probably means ______. A. losing weight is effortless B. it costs a lot to lose weight C. diet products bring no pain D. diet products are free from calories 39. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? C: central point P: point Sp: sub-point (次要点) C: conclusion A. B. C. D. 【答案】36. C 37. D 38. A 39. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了节食产品对人们心理和生理的负面影响，呼吁人们抵制节食产品。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically.(我们如此轻易地被减肥产品的承诺和潜在效果吸引，以至于不再思考这些产品对我们的影响。我们正在为那些在心理和生理上伤害我们的产品买单。)”可知，节食产品误导了人们。故选C。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale (秤) instead.(在某种程度上，我们不允许我们大脑承认我们的体重问题不在于实际减肥，而在于控制高脂肪、高热量、不健康食物的摄入。节食产品让我们跳过思考阶段，直接去看秤。)”可知，节食产品的一个心理效应是人们倾向于关注自己的体重而不是饮食。故选D。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.(每次我们喝零卡路里饮料时，都在无意识地告诉自己，不必付出努力就能得到想要的结果。减肥产品让人们相信“gain comes without pain”，认为生活可以没有阻力、没有奋斗。)”可知，节食产品让人们相信减肥是毫不费力的，所以gain comes without pain意思是“减肥是毫不费力的”。故选A。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically.(我们周围到处都是“节食”这个词。我们很容易被节食产品的承诺和潜力所吸引，以至于我们不再去思考节食产品对我们做了什么。我们正在为那些在心理和生理上伤害我们的产品买单。)”、第二段中“Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically.(节食产品在心理上显著削弱了我们。)”、第三段中“On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects.(在另一个层面上，节食产品有更大的心理影响。)”、第四段中“The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause.(节食产品的危险不仅在于它们对我们的心理影响，还在于它们造成的身体伤害。)”、最后一段“Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.(既然我们已经意识到节食产品对我们的影响，是时候认真考虑购买它们了。减肥在于心灵的力量，而不是化学物质的力量。一旦我们意识到这一点，我们就能更好地抵制节食产品，从而防止使用它们带来的心理伤害。)”可知、文章第一段提出核心观点（CP）—— 减肥产品在心理和生理上伤害人们；第二段和第三段阐述减肥产品的心理危害（P1），其中第二段为一个次要点（Sp1），第三段为另一个次要点（Sp2）；第四段阐述减肥产品的生理危害（P2）；最后一段得出结论（C）——应抵制减肥产品以避免心理伤害）。故选B。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Young children value the lives of animals more than adults do If you had to save the life of a person or an animal, which would you choose? Most adults say they would pick the person, but almost half of young children would prefer to save the animal, according to a study in Poland. “The finding really surprised us,” says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh, UK. ____40____ For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose. However, growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently. Using a toy railway and Lego figures (乐高积木人形), Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with virtual scenarios (虚拟场景). The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or chimpanzee. ____41____ About 42 percent of the children wanted to save the dog or the chimpanzee and make the rail car crash into the person, compared with just 17 percent of adults. “Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a general rule that applies to both humans and animals,” says Karri Neldner. ____42____ “However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural values that tell us it’s really important to care for other people,” says Neldner. ____43____ When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people, animals, plants and objects according to how much they cared about them, the 4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds. The reason children value dogs so highly is probably due to familiarity, says Wilks. Her studies have found that children who spent more time with dogs were more likely to say they would save a dog over a person. A. Most adults view human life as especially precious. B. Her research suggests this shift starts by the age of 10. C. Surprisingly, children were more likely to save a dog over a person. D. For comparison, the researchers repeated this with 178 Polish adults aged 18 to 50. E. As a result, they don’t show a strong preference for saving one over the other, she says. F. About 28 percent of children aged 5 to 9 said they would save a dog over a person, compared with 8 percent of adults. 【答案】40. A 41. D 42. E 43. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了儿童和成年人在对待动物和人类生命价值上的差异。 【40题详解】 下文“For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose.(例如，一项对233个国家数百万人的调查发现，其中大部分是20多岁和30多岁的人，他们大多同意，如果必须选择，自动驾驶汽车应该撞上狗或猫，而不是人。)”表明成年人更倾向于选择救人，而不是动物，选项A“Most adults view human life as especially precious.(大多数成年人认为人类生命特别珍贵。)”符合语境，选项A中的“Most adults”与下文的“most of them”相呼应，选项A中的“view human life as especially precious”与下文的“self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people”形成对比，进一步强调了成年人对人类生命的重视。选择A。 【41题详解】 根据上文“Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with virtual scenarios. The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or chimpanzee.(威尔克斯和她的同事用玩具火车和乐高积木人形，向波兰城市地区170名6至9岁的儿童展示了虚拟场景。孩子们必须决定是否将失控的火车引导到两条轨道中的一条上，使其撞上乐高人形或乐高动物——狗或黑猩猩。)”和下文“About 42 percent of the children wanted to save the dog or the chimpanzee and make the rail car crash into the person, compared with just 17 per cent of adults.(约42%的孩子想救狗或黑猩猩，让火车撞上人，而只有17%的成年人这样做。)”可知，此处是在将儿童和成人的选择进行对比，选项D“For comparison, the researchers repeated this with 178 Polish adults aged 18 to 50.(为了进行比较，研究人员对178名年龄在18至50岁的波兰成年人重复了这一实验。)”符合语境，选项D中的“For comparison”与下文的“compared with”相呼应，选项D中的“178 Polish adults aged 18 to 50”与下文的“17 percent of adults”相呼应，进一步说明了成年人的选择与孩子的选择不同。故选D。 【42题详解】 根据上文“Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a general rule that applies to both humans and animals,” says Karri Neldner.(卡里·内尔德纳说：“孩子们从父母、老师和其他人那里学到，关心他人真的很重要，但对他们来说，这可能更容易作为一个适用于人类和动物的普遍规则来学习。”)”和下文“However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural values that tell us it’s really important to care for other people.(然而，随着年龄的增长，他们可能会接受文化价值观，告诉我们关心他人真的很重要。)”可知，孩子们在成长过程中，对人和动物的关心程度可能会发生变化，选项E“As a result, they don’t show a strong preference for saving one over the other, she says.(因此，他们没有表现出更倾向于拯救哪一方的强烈偏好，她说。)”符合语境，故选E。 【43题详解】 根据下文“When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people, animals, plants and objects according to how much they cared about them, the 4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds.(当她让4至10岁的澳大利亚儿童根据他们对图片的关心程度对人物、动物、植物和物体的图片进行排序时，4岁的儿童更关心狗、猫和海豚，而不是同学、警察和病人，但在10岁的儿童中，情况正好相反。)”可知，随着年龄的增长，孩子们对人和动物的关心程度会发生变化，选项B“Her research suggests this shift starts by the age of 10.(她的研究表明，这种转变从10岁开始。)”符合语境。故选B。 IV. Translation (14分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 44. 由于缺钱，那对夫妇不得不放弃购买奢侈品。(lack n.)(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Due to a lack of money, the couple had to give up buying luxury goods. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“由于”短语为due to；表示“缺钱”为a lack of money；主语“夫妇”为the couple；表示“不得不”为have to do；表示“放弃”短语为give up doing sth.；表示“购买奢侈品”为buying luxury goods。发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为Due to a lack of money, the couple had to give up buying luxury goods. 45. 父母总是尽力给予他们的孩子最好的生活条件和教育。(commit) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Parents are always committed to providing their children with the best living conditions and education. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。主语“父母”为parents；表示“尽力做某事”短语为be committed to doing sth.，由always修饰；表示“给予他们的孩子最好的生活条件和教育”翻译为动名词短语，表示“给予某人某物”短语为provide sb. with sth.；表示“孩子”用复数名词children；表示“最好的生活条件和教育”为the best living conditions and education。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为Parents are always committed to providing their children with the best living conditions and education. 46. 随着社会的进步，如今中学生有越来越多社会实践的机会。(access n.) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With the progress of society, nowadays middle school students have increasing access to social practice. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词短语和时态。表示“随着社会的进步”用with the progress of society，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“如今”用nowadays，作时间状语；表示“中学生”用middle school students，作主语；表示“有越来越多……的机会”用have increasing access to...，句子描述一般是事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语用动词原形have；表示“社会实践”用social practice，作介词to的比宾语。故翻译为With the progress of society, nowadays middle school students have increasing access to social practice. 47. 纷繁复杂信息可在因特网上任意获取，因此我们要学会选择正确的东西而不是牢骚满腹。(available) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Diverse information is available arbitrarily on the Internet, so we need to learn to choose the right things rather than complain endlessly. 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词、固定搭配。表示“纷繁复杂信息”用diverse information，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写；本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，be动词用is；表示“可获取”用形容词available，作表语，“在因特网上任意获取”用available arbitrarily on the Internet；前半句与后半句为因果关系，用so连接两个并列句；第二个句子主语用we；表示“需要”用need，作谓语；表示“学会选择”用learn to choose，用不定式短语，作宾语；“正确的东西”用the right things，作choose的宾语；“而不是”用rather than，后接动词原形，“牢骚满腹”用complain endlessly。故翻译为Diverse information is available arbitrarily on the Internet, so we need to learn to choose the right things rather than complain endlessly. V. Guided Writing (15分) 48. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 我校即将举办读书节，请你介绍你最喜欢的一本书并阐明理由。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 My Favorite Book: The Little Prince Our school’s Reading Festival is approaching, and I’d like to share my favorite book: The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. This seemingly simple tale about a little prince traveling through space is deeply meaningful to me for several reasons. First, its beautiful language and charming illustrations make it an enjoyable read. Second, it explores profound themes like friendship, love, responsibility, and the loss of innocence in a way that feels gentle yet powerful. The encounters with the fox and the rose are especially touching. Third, the story serves as a powerful allegory, criticizing the superficial values and materialism often found in the adult world. It reminds me to cherish imagination, empathy, and the truly important things in life. The Little Prince is more than just a children’s book; it’s a timeless treasure offering wisdom for readers of all ages. I highly recommend it to everyone during this festival! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生介绍你最喜欢的一本书并阐明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 临近：approach→around the corner 令人愉快的：enjoyable→pleasant 方式：way→method 重要的：important→essential 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：Our school’s Reading Festival is approaching, and I’d like to share my favorite book: The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. 拓展句：Since our school’s Reading Festival is approaching, I’d like to share my favorite book: The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. 【点睛】【高分句型1】This seemingly simple tale about a little prince traveling through space is deeply meaningful to me for several reasons.（运用了现在分词作定语） 【高分句型2】Second, it explores profound themes like friendship, love, responsibility, and the loss of innocence in a way that feels gentle yet powerful.（运用了that引导定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $