专题1 第4讲 词句猜测题——“义”由“境”生莫忘记(课件PPT)-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语二轮专题辅导与训练

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦阅读理解词句猜测题专题，依据高考评价体系明确词义猜测、代词指代、句意猜测三大考查维度，梳理出上下文语境、构词法、逻辑关系等核心技法，归纳What does the underlined word...mean?等常考题型，实现考点与备考的精准对接。 课件亮点在于“技法拆解+实战应用”的复习模式，通过构词法（如un-否定前缀、blackboard合成词）和逻辑关系（转折but、因果so）等方法培养学生语言能力与思维品质，特设代词指代“就近定位+替换验证”步骤，助力学生高效突破考点。教师可依托系统技法体系开展针对性教学，提升复习效率。

第4讲　词句猜测题 ——“义”由“境”生莫忘记 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 词句猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词、短语或句子的能力。猜测词句能力的高低，直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低，对能否取得理想的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。词句猜测题主要包括词义(包括单词或短语)猜测题、代词指代题和句意猜测题。常见设问方式： 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 ①What does the underlined word“...”in paragraph...mean? ②What does the underlined word “...”in paragraph...refer to? ③Which of the following words can replace the word “...” in paragraph...? ④What does the underlined word “that/this/it/...” in paragraph...refer to? ⑤What does the underlined sentence in the...paragraph mean? ⑥Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 利用上下文语境猜测词义 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 利用构词法猜测词义 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 利用逻辑关系猜测词义 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 利用解释关系猜测词义 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 就近原则判指代词词义 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 随堂训练·即时体验 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专 题 集 训 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 谢谢观看 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 对于词汇或短语的理解，离不开特定的语境。因此，毫无疑问上下文语境是进行词义猜测最重要的线索。 　(2025·全国一卷，B) As a new unit started，I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments，a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop，I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering．The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories，10 to 20 pages each，with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. 26．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Mixed.　　　　　　　 B．Amazing. C．Similar. D．Disturbing. [自主解答]　B [解题思路]　本题可以根据上下文语境来解题。根据画线词后的“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories...touched my heart”可 知，这一次学生们选择了多元主题，交上来的故事篇幅10到20页长，角色既拓宽了作者的视野，又触动了作者的内心。由此可推知，这次学生的写作成果是令人惊叹的。 [图解技巧] 阅读理解的生词多为派生词或合成词。熟练运用构词法，通过分析词的前缀、后缀、词根或合成词构成来判断词义，是快速有效的阅读技巧。此法无需上下文即可猜词，如果再结合语境则会事半功倍，双重保险能大幅提升解题效率与正确率。因此建议考生，遇可借助构词法的生词，先以此法推测，再结合语境解题。 　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，阅读C) The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you. To do so，I divided the book into two parts.In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable，before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter．This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 29．What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Clear-up. B．Add-on. C．Check-in. D．Take-over. [自主解答]　A [解题思路]　观察单词declutter含有前缀de-，前缀de-来自拉丁语，意为“away from”，这个前缀有“除去”“取消”“离开”以及“否定”“非”等意思。 结合语境，根据画线词后面的“step away from”可推测出词义，画线词表示“清除，清理”。 [技法归纳] 有时作者并未在文中对某个单词或短语进行明显的解释说明，此时可根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推理，以确定某一复杂难懂的单词或短语的意义。 　(2024·全国甲卷，B) Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit，but cats take this behavior up a notch．Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物).Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time.So just go along with it! 26．Which best explains the phrase “take ...up a notch” in paragraph 3? A．Perform appropriately. B．Move faster. C．Act strangely. D．Do better. [自主解答]　D [解题思路]　利用转折关系猜测词义。根据转折连词“but”可知前后半句形成转折关系。画线处前半句强调狗以其令人印象深刻的取物习惯闻名，该段倒数第三句表明猫会用带来捡到的物品向主人表达爱意。结合上下文语境和前后文之间的转折关系，可推测画线处表明猫的取物能力更强。 [技法归纳] 在做阅读理解题目时，利用语法关系猜测词义是一种快速有效的方法之一。答题时要关注定义、解释、举例、定语从句、同位语从句等语法手段，以及表示解释性的标点符号。 　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，C) “It's good to have a different focus.People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them.I'm enjoying the creative activities，and it feels great to have done something useful.” There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East，and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. Wendy Wilson，extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street，one of the first to embark on the project，said：“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” 30．What do the underlined words “embark on”mean in paragraph 7? A．Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate. [自主解答]　C [解题思路]　“one of the first to embark on the project”与主语Wendy Wilson为同位语，根据“embark on”前面的“one of the first”及其后面的“Residents really welcome the idea of...to people here.”可知，此处指Wendy Wilson是最早发起这个项目的人之一。 [技法归纳] 代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词或指示代词的指代对象。解答这类题目的时候，可以利用就近原则，结合语境找出语意相关的名词、词组或句子等。 　(2025·全国二卷，B) There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments；they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says.“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.” 26．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A．Offering regular lessons. B．Paying extra attention. C．Assigning no schoolwork. D．Showing no sympathy. [自主解答]　C [解题思路]　根据画线词所在句上文中的“Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.”可知，一些教师出于对患病学生的同情，不给他们布置任何作业；结合画线词所在句中的it is a disservice to the kids 和下文“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”可推知，凯西·霍认为这种方式对孩子而言是一种伤害，孩子会认为老师不关心自己的功课，因此it指代上文提到的“不给患病的学生布置作业”这一举动。 [技法归纳] A (2025·新疆适应性检测)Denmark，known for its fantastic fairy tales and elegant design studios，is about to become known for something more basic: the world's first belch and manure tax(打嗝和粪便税). That's because there are five times as many pigs and cows in Denmark as there are people.Nearly two-thirds of its land is taken up by farming.And agriculture is becoming its largest share of air pollution，putting lawmakers under intense public pressure to reduce it. So now，Denmark's government has agreed to tax the planet-heating methane(甲烷) emissions that all those animals expel through their waste products，gas-passing and belching.The measure，under negotiation for years，was passed by the Danish Parliament in November 2024，making it the only such climate tax on livestock in the world. “ I think it's good，” said Rasmus Angelsnes，thirty-one，who was shopping for dinner in Copenhagen one recent afternoon.“It's a slight motivation to make different choices，maybe more climate-friendly choices.” The tax is designed to clean up the country's agricultural pollution and eventually restore some farmland to its natural form，like peatlands(泥炭地).Denmark's quest is also part of a reflection for many agricultural powerhouses，as these countries face calls to reduce pollution from farms.Globally，the food system accounts for 25% of greenhouse gases，and reducing those emissions requires making tough choices on diets，jobs and industries.Meanwhile，farmers are victims of the threat of climate change，with heat，droughts and floods worsened by the burning of fossil fuels，which makes food an extremely annoying climate problem to take on. Svend Brodersen is an organic farmer，which means his options are more limited.“It's a chance to show the rest of the world that farming doesn't have to mean lots of pollution，” he said.“Without a tax，everyone will do the same tomorrow as they did yesterday.” A bigger and more difficult dilemma still exists whether Denmark will continue to turn over so much of its land to farm animals. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。丹麦因养殖了大量的猪和牛而面临农业污染问题，农业已成为该国大气污染的最大来源。为应对公众压力，丹麦政府决定对牲畜排放的甲烷气体征收打嗝和粪便税。 1．Why did Denmark introduce the belch and manure tax? A．To urge people to eat less meat. B．To boost the government's income. C．To promote the development of farming. D．To lessen air pollution linked to agriculture. 解析　推理判断题。第一段最后一句介绍了丹麦是世界上首个征收打嗝和粪便税的国家。第二段 “That's because there are five times as many pigs and cows...under intense public pressure to reduce it.”解释了丹麦征收打嗝和粪便税的原因：丹麦的猪和牛的数量是人口的五倍，近三分之二的土地被农业占用。农业正在成为大气污染的最大来源，这使立法者面临着减少污染的巨大公众压力。由此可知，丹麦征收打嗝和粪便税是为了减少与农业相关的大气污染。 答案　D 2．What does the underlined word “expel” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Digest. B．Release. C．Absorb. D．Consume. 解析　词义猜测题。画线词上文提到丹麦政府已经同意对使地球变暖的甲烷排放征税。结合第一段提到的丹麦征收打嗝和粪便税以应对与农业相关的大气污染问题可知，动物打嗝和排泄粪便会产生大量甲烷，因此画线词应意为 “排出”，release 的意思与其相近。 答案　B 3．What does paragraph 5 mainly focus on? A．The challenges of farmers. B．The significance of the tax. C．The restoration of peatlands. D．The development of food system. 解析　段落大意题。根据第五段的 “The tax is designed to clean up the country's agricultural pollution...reduce pollution from farms.”可知，丹麦征收打嗝和粪便税的目的是减少农业污染，并逐步将部分农田恢复为自然状态。丹麦的这一举措也是许多农业大国进行反思的一部分，因为这些国家面临着减少农业污染的呼声。由此可知，本段主要强调的是征收打嗝和粪便税对治理农业污染，恢复农田以及对其他农业大国的借鉴意义。因此本段主要聚焦的是征收该税的意义。 答案　B 4．What do Brodersen's words imply? A．The tax promises to benefit the local environment. B．The tax can totally solve air pollution. C．The tax will enlarge the organic food market. D．The tax has nothing to do with pollution. 解析　推理判断题。根据题干关键词 Brodersen 将解题信息定位至倒数第二段。根据 “It's a chance to show the rest of the world that farming doesn't have to mean lots of pollution”可知，Brodersen 认为这是一个向世界其他地区展示农业不一定意味着大量污染的机会。由此可推知，他认为这个税收政策对降低丹麦的农业环境污染是有好处的，即让当地的环境受益。 答案　A 二次精读 核心 词汇 Para 1：elegant adj.漂亮雅致的，精美的 Para.2: intense adj.强烈的，剧烈的 Para.3: emission n.排放物；(光、热、气等的) 发出，排放　negotiation n.谈判，磋商 Para.4: motivate v.激发，激励 Para.5：restore v.使恢复　reflection n.深思 quest n.(长期的) 寻求，探索　victim n.受害者 worsen v.(使) 恶化 Para.6：organic adj.有机的，绿色的 Para.7: dilemma n.进退两难的境地，困境 熟词 生义 Para.2 share常用义： v.共享，共用，合用 文章义： n.(某人拥有或应负担的)一份 B (2025·广东华南师大附中模考)“You like pottery(陶艺) more than you like science ，” a family member said.I knew the comment was made lightly，but I felt frustrated and disappointed.I had worked so hard to achieve a balance between my scientific and artistic pursuits.Why was my creative side still seen as a weakness and a disturbance，in opposition to my science? As a little girl，I created art by breaking up eggshells，dyeing them，and gluing them to a cloth.I also conducted science experiments with my mum，a high school science teacher，on the back porch.In college，I loved my chemistry courses and research work，and I regarded cooking as my creative outlet，hosting weekly dinner parties for friends. Yet I heard time and again that creative expression and science were not possible to be together.When my college roommate concluded with a personality test that I was the “creative” type，the rest of my friends said that couldn't be right，because “I was a scientist and therefore was not creative”． As I was preparing for graduate school and studying for the chemistry GRE test，I realised I talked about science the same way I would paint a picture，explaining concepts in broad strokes(粗线条地)—in part because I struggled to remember technical scientific terminology.I worried my way of thinking wouldn't fit in with “proper”scientists.In the end，though，my desire to pursue a scientific career won out.I figured I would continue to find a way to balance my research with my creative pursuits，regardless of what others thought. When in graduate school I found pottery，which I could pursue on evenings and weekends.After my first class，I was attracted.It has inspired me to more intentionally mix my art with my science.I keep a notebook at my lab table filled with words of mug(马克杯)designs inspired by my experiments.Through the challenge of getting my paper into its core concepts in such a way that it could be displayed on a mug，I gained a better understanding of my project.Pottery has now turned into a way for me to train my brain to be creative and think outside the box. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了作者是如何在科学研究和艺术创作之间找到平衡的。 5．What did the family member think of the author's pottery? A．It still had room for improvement. B．It would relax the author in her work. C．It made up for the author's weakness. D．It did no good to the author's career. 解析　推理判断题。根据首段首句“You like pottery(陶艺) more than you like science”和最后两句“I had worked so hard to achieve a balance... seen as a weakness and a disturbance，in opposition to my science？”可推知，那位家人认为作者更喜欢陶艺，把陶艺视为作者的弱点与干扰，和科学相悖。D项的“no good to”和文章的“a weakness and a disturbance”是同义替换。 答案　D 6．How did the author show her creativity as a college student? A．By dying eggshells. B．By performing science experiments. C．By doing some cooking. D．By attending social parties. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“In college...and I regarded cooking as my creative outlet，hosting weekly dinner parties for friends.”可知，作者把烹饪作为体现自己创意的方式，每周为朋友们举办晚宴。故选C。 答案　C 7．What can be inferred about the author from Paragraph 3? A．She didn't get along well with her classmates in college. B．She nearly gave up her pursuit of art. C．She once doubted her way of understanding science. D．She was angry about being misunderstood by friends. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As I was preparing for...I worried my way of thinking wouldn't fit in with ‘proper’ scientists.”可知，当作者准备研究生考试时，她担心自己的思维方式与“正统的”科学家格格不入。C项“She once doubted her way of understanding science.”是对原文中“I worried my way of thinking wouldn't fit in with ‘proper’ scientists.”的话外音替换。 答案　C 8．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The notebook. B．The design of the mug. C．The challenge of the paper. D．The author's science research. 解析　代词指代题。根据画线词所在句“Through the challenge of getting my paper into its core concepts in such a way that it could be displayed on a mug，I gained a better understanding of my project.”可知，作者在将其论文的核心概念在马克杯上展示出来的过程中，对自己的研究课题有了更好的理解。由此可知，it 指代“my paper”(我的论文)，与D项“作者的科学探究”是同义替换。故选 D。 答案　D 二次精读 核心 词汇 Para.1: frustrated adj.沮丧的；懊恼的 disturbance n.干扰；妨碍 Para.2：dye v.染色　porch n.门廊；走廊 outlet n.(情感、精力等的)发泄途径 Para.3：pursuit n.追求，寻找 Para.4: intentionally adv.故意地；有意地 核心 短语 Para.3: fit in with与……相适应或相协调 Para.4: think outside the box 打破常规思维 长难句 分析 As I was preparing for graduate school and studying for the chemistry GRE test，I realised I talked about science the same way I would paint a picture，explaining concepts in broad strokes(粗线条地)—in part because I struggled to remember technical scientific terminology. 分析：本句为主从复合句。本句的主干：I realized。句中as引导时间状语从句；I talked...scientific terminology为省略引导词that的宾语从句，从句中I would paint a picture为省略引导词that或in which 的定语从句，修饰先行词the same way; explain...strokes为现在分词短语作状语；because引导原因状语从句。 译文：当我在为读研究生和化学GRE 测试准备时，我意识到我谈论科学的方式和我画一幅图画一样，都在粗线条地解释概念——部分原因是我要努力记住技术科学术语。 $