专题1 第2讲 推理判断题——于文有据不妄断(课件PPT)-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语二轮专题辅导与训练

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“阅读理解”专题，依据高考评价体系梳理了隐含推断、观点态度、写作意图、文章出处四大核心题型，通过2024-2025全国卷真题分析明确各题型考查权重，归纳“读题干-定位原文-推理判断”解题步骤，体现高考备考的针对性和实用性。 课件亮点在于“真题典例+技法归纳+素养提升”模式，如2025全国二卷隐含推断题用“三步定位法”培养思维品质，观点态度题通过抓情感词汇提升语言能力。技法归纳中的“准确关键词句”“两个切勿”助学生掌握技巧，随堂训练结合高仿真模拟，学生可高效突破考点，教师能精准教学，实现冲刺阶段高效复习。

第2讲　 推理判断题——于文有据不妄断 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 推理判断题属于深层次理解类试题，解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 隐含推断题——不被表意遮慧眼 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 观点态度题——是褒是贬分辨清 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 写作意图题——立足行文推意图 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 文章出处题、读者对象题——“语言特色”是抓手 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 随堂训练·即时体验 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 专 题 集 训 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 谢谢观看 专题一　阅读理解——先检索•再加工 1 有些推理判断题，可根据题干提供的信息，到原文中去抓关键信息，然后进行分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维，得出正确答案。常见设问方式有： ①What can we learn about...? ②What can be inferred from...? ③What can we infer from the text? 　(2025·全国二卷，D) Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food？Mine does.Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa，where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. 32．What can be inferred about the author's early life? A．He witnessed food shortage. B．He enjoyed the local cuisine. C．He donated food to Africans. D．He helped to cook at home. [自主解答]　A [解题导引] 第一步　看题干 确定题干中的关键词为author's early life。 第二步　读原文 由题干关键词定位至第一段中的“growing up in South Africa”。根据最后一句话可知，作者在南非长大，非洲有孩子在挨饿是对现实的提醒而非抽象表达。 第三步　定答案 由此可推断出作者早年亲眼看见过食物短缺的情况。 [技法归纳] 作者写一篇文章，经常持有某种态度和情感等。观点和态度一般分为三类：支持或反对、乐观或悲观、主观或客观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文中的字里行间。解答此类题目应多注意行文中的措辞，特别是具有感情色彩的形容词或副词。常见的设题形式有： ①How does the author feel about...? ②What does the author think of...? ③What is the author's attitude towards/to...? 　(2024·全国甲卷，C) The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation.For 10 months every year，the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks，before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给).Then it starts all over again the next month.Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The train's equipment allows for basic checkups.“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.” 31．What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services? A．Appreciative.　　　　　 B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Cautious. [自主解答]　A [解题导引] 第一步　看题干 确定题干中的关键词为“Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services”。 第二步　读原文 根据关键词定位信息句为最后一段中Ducke的话“I was very impressed”和“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.” 第三步　定答案 由最后一段Ducke的话可知，Ducke对服务持赞扬、感激态度。 [技法归纳] 文章作者一般不会直接表明自己的写作意图，而是通过文章所提供的客观事实使读者感知。这类题目要求考生不仅要能够辨别文章体裁、理解文章大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述的内容进行分析和归纳总结的能力。常见的设题形式有： ①What is the main purpose of the text? ②What is the author's purpose of/in writing this passage? ③For what purpose did the author write the passage? ④The writer writes this passage in order to... 　(2025·全国一卷，D) Still，the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult.Even bottled water，scientists found earlier this year，contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought. 34．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. [自主解答]　B [解题导引] 第一步　看题干 确定题干中的关键词为“bottled water”“paragraph 4”。 第二步　读原文 根据关键词定位信息句为“Even bottled water，scientists found earlier this year，contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought.”。 第三步　定答案 原文先提到“reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult”。减少微塑料接触这一任务越来越困难，随后提到瓶装水含有的微塑料比原本认为的多 10 到 1000 倍。这一例子是为了具体说明微塑料问题的严重性，即微塑料的存在范围广且含量远超预期，进一步印证了减少微塑料接触的难度，也凸显了微塑料问题的严峻性。 [技法归纳] 无论是“判定文章出处题”还是“判定读者对象题”，均需要品悟文章的语言特色，因为针对不同的写作目的，文章采用的语言风格是有明显不同的。常见的设题形式有： ①Where is this text most likely from? ②Where is this text probably taken from? ③The passage is probably intended for ． 　(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，C) Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history，in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.In artists' representations of books and reading，we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. 28．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An introduction to a book. B．An essay on the art of writing. C．A guidebook to a museum. D．A review of modern paintings. [自主解答]　A [解题导引] 第一步　看题干 确定题干中的关键词为“Where is the text taken from”。 第二步　读原文 定位文章内容尤其是第一句“Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers is a celebration...three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”。 第三步　定答案 《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书里展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。故可以推知，本文最有可能摘自书的序言。 [技法归纳] A (2025·东北三省四市教研联合体模拟)A new global review of data from the Spanish study found that increasing the number of daily steps，even if at modest levels，was associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms(症状).Researchers led by Jimenez-Lopez，of the University of Castile-La Mancha，noted there's already solid evidence that exercise of any kind is a natural antidepressant.But what about something as easy as walking？To find out，they looked at data from high-quality studies on daily step counts and their links to mental health. The new review covered 33 studies with a total of more than 96，000 adults worldwide，including those who used fitness-tracker devices to calculate their daily steps.Compared to a baseline of 5，000 steps taken per day，folks who took even 1，000 more steps daily saw a 9% drop in their chances of developing depression，the researchers found.Those benefits quickly mounted up.Compared to folks walking 5，000 steps per day or less，those who walked 7，000 steps per day had 31% lower chances of depression.“In addition，counts above 7，500 steps per day were associated with 43%lower frequency of depression，”Jimenez-Lopez and colleagues wrote，and those trends held true for “all age groups，females and males.”There did seem to be a leveling out of mental health benefits at about 10，000 steps per day，the data showed. As has been observed in studies on mental health，up to a level of about 10，000 steps per day causes the chances of depression to decline.However，the researchers revealed that increasing the number of steps beyond this point may not lead to a significant reduction in depressive symptoms. Furthermore，the new findings add walking to many other forms of physical activity—weight training，yoga and even Tai Chi—as ways to help prevent depression.“Setting goals for the number of daily steps can be a rewarding and inclusive public health strategy for the prevention of depression，”the study suggested. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的全球研究发现增加每日步数与减少抑郁症状有关，即使步数增加不多也有效果，且在大约 10 000 步时心理健康益处趋于平稳，同时指出步行是预防抑郁的一种方式。 1．What can be inferred about the Spanish study from paragraph 1? A．It contradicts former study results. B．It looks into effects of any exercise. C．It focuses on depression treatment. D．It confirms the benefits of walking. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的 “A new global review of data from the Spanish study found...a reduction in depressive symptoms (症状).”可知，西班牙研究的数据显示增加每日步数，即便增幅不大，也与抑郁症状的减轻相关，即证实了步行的益处。D 项的 “the benefits of walking” 与文中的 “increasing the number of daily steps...a reduction in depressive symptoms”意思一致。 答案　D 2．What drives changes in frequency of depression in Jimenez-Lopez's research? A．Step counts. B．The age range. C．The exercise type. D．Gender difference. 解析　细节理解题。题目问“在 Jimenez-Lopez 的研究中，什么驱动了抑郁症发生率的变化？”。根据第二段的 “Compared to a baseline of 5，000 steps taken per day，folks who took even 1，000 more steps daily saw a 9% drop...Those benefits quickly mounted up.” 以及后续关于不同步数与抑郁症发生率关系的阐述可知，在该研究中，步数的变化驱动了抑郁症发生率的变化。 答案　A 3．What can be concluded about walking over 10，000 steps per day? A．Risks of other diseases drop sharply. B．Physical health improves dramatically. C．The stress level declines less obviously. D．Depressive symptoms totally disappear. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的 “However，the researchers revealed that increasing the number of steps beyond this point may not lead to a significant reduction in depressive symptoms.”可知，当每天步行超过 10 000 步时，抑郁症状的减轻效果不再显著，由于抑郁与压力密切相关，压力水平下降也不太明显。C 项的 “less obviously” 与文中的 “not lead to a significant reduction” 为同义转换。 答案　C 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Exercise Types：Comparing Benefits B．Step Counts：A Natural Mood Controller C．Fitness Trackers：Promoting Daily Activity D．Public Health：Strategies Against Depression 解析　主旨大意题。文章主要围绕步行步数与抑郁症状之间的关系展开，表明步行步数能够调节情绪对预防抑郁症有积极作用，所以 B 项“步数：天然情绪调节器”最能准确概括文章主旨。 答案　B 二次精读 核心 单词 Para.1：modest adj.些许的，不太大 (或太贵、太重要等) 的；谦虚的　depressive adj.抑郁的　solid adj.可靠的；固体的，坚硬的 Para.2：baseline n.基线　frequency n.发生的频率，发生率 Para.3: reveal v.揭示，透露，显露 Para.4：rewarding adj.值得做的，有益的　inclusive adj.包容广阔的，范围广泛的　prevention n.预防，防止，阻止 核心 短语 Para.1: be associated with 与 …… 有关 Para.2：mount up (尺寸和数量上) 增加；上升 hold true 适用，有效 B (2025·南昌模拟)James Hansen，the climate scientist best known for warning the US Congress about global warming in the 1980s，has strengthened his message that we are underestimating the climate impact of reducing air pollution. “Reducing air pollution is essential for health and the environment，but we have to understand its complex relationship with climate change when we use aerosols (气溶胶) to cancel out almost half of greenhouse gas warming，” said Hansen at a United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network briefing. Record rises in global temperatures in 2023 and 2024 have led to debate about whether global warming is accelerating faster than expected.Hansen and colleagues previously linked this acceleration with reducing air pollution.Now they offer a new analysis suggesting reducing air pollution can explain recent temperature increases.Aerosols in air pollution reflect sunlight away from Earth and affect cloud properties. A 2020 shipping regulation controlling sulphur (硫磺) emission provided critical evidence: in Pacific shipping routes，reduced aerosols allowed 0.5 watts of additional heat per square meter to reach Earth，equal to a decade's worth of current CO2 emissions.This suggests aerosols previously masked up to half of greenhouse warming.Hansen warns such findings imply climate sensitivity is far higher than estimated，and argues the world is more rapidly approaching climate tipping points. However，many scientists have mixed views.Michael Diamond at Florida State University notes Hansen's 0.5-watt estimate is “at the extreme edge of plausibility (合理性 )”，while NASA's Gavin Schmidt argues the number is “very likely an overestimate”． A change in aerosols may not even be necessary to explain the temperature rise，says Shiv Priyam Raghuraman at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign—he previously found it could be explained by changes in Pacific Ocean temperatures alone.He says more work is needed to understand the warming effects of aerosols before we put the blame on reducing air pollution.“At least，reducing air pollution remains vital nowadays.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述气候科学家 James Hansen 及其团队认为减少空气污染会加速全球变暖，然而其他科学家对其 0.5 瓦估计存疑，且有观点认为温度上升或许与气溶胶变化无关，同时强调减少空气污染仍至关重要。 5．What's Hansen's warning about? A．The misconception of greenhouse gases. B．The influence of air pollution reduction. C．The necessity of reducing air pollution. D．The results of continuing global warming. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，Hansen认为我们在低估减少空气污染对气候所产生的影响。B 项中的“influence”与文中的“impact”为同义词替换，B 项中的 “air pollution reduction ”与原文的“reducing air pollution”为同义表达。 答案　B 6．Why does the author mention the 2020 shipping regulation? A．To urge the government to reduce air pollution. B．To stress aerosols' impact on greenhouse warming. C．To explain the change of present climate. D．To praise the regulations on sulphur emissions. 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，2020 年一项控制硫磺排放的航运法规提供了关键证据：在太平洋航线上，减少的气溶胶使每平方米额外有 0.5 瓦的热量到达地球，相当于目前十年的二氧化碳排放量。这表明气溶胶此前遮掩了高达一半的温室效应引起的气候变暖。所以作者提及 2020 年航运法规是为了强调气溶胶对温室效应引起的气候变暖有显著抵消作用。 答案　B 7．What is Michael Diamond's attitude towards Hansen's 0.5-watt estimate? A．Supportive. B．Indistinct. C．Respectful. D．Doubtful. 解析　观点态度题。根据第五段中的 “However...notes Hansen's 0.5-watt estimate is ‘at the extreme edge of plausibility (合理性)’” 可 知，许多科学家有不同的看法。佛罗里达州立大学的 Michael Diamond 指出，Hansen 的 0.5 瓦估计 “处于合理性的极端边缘”，也就是不那么合理。所以可以推测 Michael Diamond 是持怀疑态度的。 答案　D 8．What can be inferred about the temperature rise from the last paragraph? A．Further research is demanded. B．Aerosols are the decisive factor. C．Previous studies are ineffective. D．Pacific Ocean temperatures count most. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “He says more work is needed to...on reducing air pollution.”可知，我们将责任归咎于减少空气污染之前，需要做更多的工作来理解气溶胶的变暖效应。 答案　A 二次精读 核心 词汇 Para.1：underestimate v.低估 Para.2：essential adj.必不可少的，极其重要的 sustainable adj.可持续的　 briefing n.传达指示会，情况介绍会 Para.3: property n.(常用复数) 性质，特性 Para.4：regulation n.规章制度，规则，法规 emission n.(光、热、气等的)发出,射出,排放；排放物,散发物 Para.6：vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的 派生 词汇 Para.3: accelerate v.(使) 加速，加快→ acceleration n.加速，加快 核心 短语 Para.2：cancel out 抵消 Para.4：tipping point (个案积累终成大趋势的)引爆点，爆发点；转折点 Para.6：put the blame on 把……归咎于…… $