考前押题04 阅读理解进阶练15篇（四大体裁，期末复习专项训练）高二英语上学期沪教版

考前押题04 阅读理解进阶练15篇（四大体裁，期末复习专项训练） 一、记叙文 1 二、说明文 12 三、议论文 24 四、应用文 38 一、记叙文 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海交通大学附属中学·期末)I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past. Very seldom have I met a courteous human being in this modern era of the so-called Generation X. Recently, I had to change my thinking, when I came face to face with just such a human being. I had gone to a fashionable coffee place, with two of my grown-up daughters. The place was crowded with the usual loud crowd and we had to climb a steep flight of stairs in order to find an empty table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we were walking down the steep stairs, where the narrow space made climbing down only possible in a single file, with hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down. Just as I was in the middle of the staircase, a gentleman entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase. I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man who would want to go up in a hurry. I kept coming down as fast as I could, holding on to the banister (扶手), in spite of my advanced years. My daughters were already down, looking up at me worriedly, hoping I would reach them before the stranger started up the stairs, knowing I was a nervous sort. Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the door, I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open. I looked back thinking he was still at the door, deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place. I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through. We admired his kindness for both, waiting for us to come down before going up himself and also holding the main entrance door open for us to go out. To date, I still remember this gentleman and pray to God to make more human beings like him. 1．Before she met the man in the restaurant, the author had thought ________. A．she didn’t belong to the Generation X B．there were few polite people in the modern society C．having coffee in a fancy café was not her cup of tea D．human beings were born courteous 2．In paragraph 2, the underlined phrase “in a single file” means that ________. A．climbing down the staircase was easy as long as we held the file in hand B．walking down the stairs was like walking on a document C．we needed permission from the restaurant owner before we walked down D．the staircase was so narrow that only one person was allowed at a time 3．What can we infer from the passage about the author? A．She tended to feel nervous in some stressful situations. B．She was short-tempered and often walked very fast. C．She was a lady in her early thirties and was quite fit. D．She was grateful to the man and directly expressed thanks to him. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? A．Strange Encounter at a Fancy Coffeeshop B．The Decline of the Generation X C．A Man of Mystery and Manners D．Rediscovering Courtesy in a Crowded World Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海闵行六校·期末)The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd. When I stepped off a ship in New York Harbor in 1949, I was a nine-year-old war refugee, who had lost his mother and was coming to live with the father he did not know. My mother, Eleni Gatzoyiannis, had been imprisoned and shot for sending my sisters and me to freedom. I was thirteen years old when I entered Chandler Junior High. Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during “club hours.” The idea of hobbies and clubs made no sense to my immigrant ears, but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class. She led me into the presence of Miss Hurd, the school newspaper adviser and English teacher. A tough woman with salt-and-pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had no patience with lazy bones. She drilled us in grammar, assigned stories for us to read and discuss, and eventually taught us how to put out a newspaper. Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland, making me proud of my origins. Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language. Owing to her inspiration, during my next twenty-five years, I became a journalist by profession. Miss Hurd retired at the age of 62. By then, she had taught for a total of 41 years. Even after her retirement, she continually made a project of unwilling students in whom she spied a spark of potential. The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire. Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn’t have become a reporter. She was the catalyst that sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after. 1．What kind of person was Marjorie Hurd according to the passage? A．She was a strict and impatient teacher. B．She was a kind and gentle adviser. C．She was a tough but inspiring teacher. D．She was a humorous and easygoing English teacher. 2．Which of the following caused the author to think of his homeland differently? A．Stepping on the American soil for the first time. B．Being exposed to Greek literary works. C．Her mother’s miserable death D．Following the prettiest girl in his class. 3．It can be inferred from Paragraph Four that ________. A．Miss Hurd’s contribution was recognized across the nation B．Students from troubled homes preferred Miss Hurd’s teaching style C．The students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired D．Miss Hurd employed a unique way to handle students from troubled homes 4．The passage is mainly concerned with ________. A．how the author became a journalist B．the importance of inspiration in one’s life C．the teacher who shaped the author’s life D．factors contributing to a successful career Passage 3 (25-26高二上·上海民办文绮中学·校考)I was about 5 when I first heard the word “Greenland”, and my interest grew from there. Finally, after decades, I decided to go. When I finally arrived, the place, at first glance, was clearly misnamed: The east coast of Greenland was a stretching land of ice and snow, with no sign of human habitation. One of my purposes of going to Greenland was to make contact with some native Greenlanders. I didn’t know I would achieve this, but success came in an unexpected way. When I arrived at the Illunguukjuk Hostel, where I had reserved a bed, a young couple and their baby were out front, enjoying the sun and unusual warmth. Greenlanders speak their own Inuit language and learn Danish in school, and many also speak English well. The young woman, however was not one of these. Her English turned out to be anticlimactic. When I identified myself, her eyes widened. Another traveler had arrived earlier and, mistaking him for me, they had given him my bed. There was no more space in the hostel. “But don’t worry,” she said, as she threw herself into cleaning a tiny house the family owned. “This is for you,” she said. And as if that weren’t enough, she invited me to eat supper with her family. That evening I sat down to a dinner of fresh fish with a loving, happy native family. When I first set foot in Greenland I found myself all but shocked by the emptiness, the vastness, and the silence. I had decided that I would probably never return. And then I was taken into this Greenlandic home. I can now say that even cold, empty, and silent scenery is worth visiting, so long as one has a warm and welcoming place to go to. 1．What was the author’s initial impression of Greenland’s east coast? A．It was populated with native communities. B．It was accurately named for its scenery. C．It was uninhabited, icy and full of snow. D．It was full of sincere and welcoming locals. 2．What does the underlined word “anticlimactic” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Simple. B．Modem. C．Outstanding. D．Disappointing. 3．The author lost his bed in the hostel because of ________. A．the language barrier B．a misunderstanding C．a wrong address D．the high price 4．What was the key factor that changed the author’s overall perception of his trip? A．The unusual warmth and sunny weather. B．The stunning though cold and empty scenery. C．The experience of being welcomed into a local home. D．The success in communicating with native Greenlanders. Passage 4 (25-26高二上·上海曹杨第二中学·校考) Brutus speaks at a pulpit. Be patient till the last. Romans, countrymen and lovers, hear me for my cause, and be silent that you may hear. Believe me for mine honour, and have respect to mine honour that you may believe. Censure (谴责) me in your wisdom, and awake your senses that you may the better judge. If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesar’s, to him I say that Brutus’s love to Caesar was no less than his. If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living, and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all freemen? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him. As he was fortunate, I rejoiced at it. As he was valiant (英勇坚决的), I honour him. But, as he was ambitious, I slew (杀戮) him. There are tears for his love, joy for his fortune, honour for his valour, and death for his ambition. Who is here so base that would be a bondman (奴隶)? If any, speak, for him have I offended. Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any, speak, for him have I offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any, speak, for him have I offended. I pause for a reply. Antony mounts the pulpit. Friends, Romans, countrymen, give me your attention. I have come here to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do is remembered after their deaths, but the good is often buried with them. It might as well be the same with Caesar. The noble Brutus told you that Caesar was ambitious. If that’s true, it’s a serious fault, and Caesar has paid seriously for it. With the permission of Brutus and the others—for Brutus is an honourable man; they are all honourable men—I have come here to speak at Caesar’s funeral. He was my friend; he was faithful and just to me. But Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honourable man. He brought many captives home to Rome, whose ransoms brought wealth to the city. Is this the work of an ambitious man? When the poor cried, Caesar cried too. Ambition shouldn’t be so soft. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honourable man. You all saw that on the Lupercal feast day, I offered him a king’s crown three times, and he refused it three times. Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious. And, no question, Brutus is an honourable man. I am not here to disprove what Brutus has said, but to say what I know. You all loved him once, and not without reason. Then what reason holds you back from mourning him now? Men have become British beasts and lost their reason! Bear with me. My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, and I must pause until it returns to me. (He weeps. ) Only yesterday the word of Caesar might have stood against the world. Now he lies there worth nothing, and no one is so humble as to show him respect. Oh, sirs, if I stirred your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, I would offend Brutus and Cassius, who, you all know, are honourable men. I will not do them wrong. I would rather wrong the dead, and wrong myself and you, than wrong such honourable men. 1．How does Brutus feel about the death of Caesar? A．He deeply regrets his actions. B．He feels glad now that Caesar is dead. C．He feels it is justified as Caesar is ambitious. D．He feels it is justified as Caesar doesn’t like him. 2．What is correct about Brutus’s love for Caesar? A．He loves Caesar more than Rome. B．He loves Rome more than he does Caesar. C．He doesn’t love Caesar at all, but hates him. D．It is not strong enough to make him cry over Caesar’s death. 3．Which statement about Antony’s speech is false? A．Antony disagrees with Brutus. B．Antony is glad that Caesar is dead. C．Antony refuses to let Caesar be ambitious. D．Antony does not think that Caesar was a tyrant. 4．How does Antony primarily achieve his persuasive effect in his speech? A．By listing Caesar’s accomplishments and repeatedly questioning Brutus’s “honour.” B．By openly accusing Brutus of treason. C．By urging the crowd to immediate violence. D．By comparing Caesar to historical heroes. Passage 5 (25-26高二上·上海彭浦中学·月考)They say a cat has nine lives, and I think that possible since I am now living my third life and I’m not even a cat. My father died when I was 15, and we had a hard struggle to make a living. And my mother, who was seriously ill in her last years, died while still in her 60s. My sister married soon after, and I followed her example within the year. My first life was a dream: happy, healthy, with a great job and a beautiful home. But then a progressive motor nerve disease ended it, affecting my right arm and leg, and then my left side. My second life had begun. Despite my illness, I drove to work with special equipment. I stayed optimistic thanks to the 14 steps from my garage to the kitchen. Those steps were my yardstick — a daily challenge. I felt that if I could no longer manage those 14 steps, I would finally admit defeat and die. On a dark August night in 1971, my third life began. Driving home through a storm, my steering wheel suddenly jerked and I heard a tire blowout. For me, changing a tire was utterly impossible. I started the engine and slowly drove on the flat tire until I found a house with lighted windows. I pulled into the driveway and honked the horn for help. The door opened and a little girl stood there. When she knew what happened to me, she went into the house and a moment later came out, followed by a man who called a cheerful greeting. I sat there comfortably and dry, and felt a bit sorry for the man and the little girl working so hard in the storm. About an hour later, the man’s voice was heard, “This is a bad night for car trouble, but you’re all set now.” “Thanks,” I said. “How much do I owe you?” He shook his head, “Nothing. Cynthia told me you were a cripple (跛者). Glad to be of help. I know you’d do the same for me. There’s no charge, friend.” I held out a five-dollar bill, “No! I like to pay my way.” He made no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and said quietly, “Grandpa can’t see it.” 1．“A cat has nine lives” here means ______. A．a cat can live nine times longer than any other animal B．a cat can die ninth C．a lucky man cannot die easily D．the writer will live nine times 2．What do you think of the man who helped change the tire? A．Warm-hearted but pitiable. B．Warm-hearted and happy. C．A blind old man that has nothing to do every day. D．A poor old man that is always ready to help others. 3．How will the story be ended? A．The writer paid the little girl but the old man did not accept. B．The writer drove away with tears running down his cheek. C．The writer stayed there, without knowing what to do and how to do. D．In the next few frozen seconds the writer felt the shame and astonishment he had never felt before. 4．The best title for this passage perhaps will be ______. A．The Old Man and His Daughter. B．Heart Leaping Up. C．Never Lose Heart. D．Good Will Be Rewarded Good. 二、说明文 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海大学附属中学·期末)We hear “Have a nice day!” every day and everywhere. It may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well. “Have a nice day. Next!” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl in the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out of the door. The words come out in the same tone with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management’s attempt to increase business. The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we don’t know what to say. “Oh, you just had a tooth out? I’m terribly sorry, but have a nice day.” The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you don’t know has tried to be nice to you. Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it’s nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don’t care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like. 1．How does the writer understand Maxie’s words? A．Maxie shows her anxiety to the writer. B．Maxie really wishes the writer a good day. C．Maxie encourages the writer to stay happy. D．Maxie really worries about the writer. 2．What does the sentence “The words come out in the same tone with a fixed procedure” in Paragraph 2 imply? A．The sales girl is getting bored. B．The salesgirl behaves rudely to me. C．The salesgirl cares about me. D．The salesgirl says the words as a routine. 3．By saying “Have a nice day”, the stranger may ______. A．try to be good to you B．express respect to you C．give his blessing to you D．share his pleasure with you 4．In the passage, the author intends to highlight ______. A．the importance of showing grave concern to people every day. B．the mixed meaning of “Have a nice day!” being both sincere and empty. C．the comforting feeling when strangers give friendly greetings. D．techniques for finishing dialogues with the phrase “Have a nice day!” Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海建平中学·期末)What is the serial or Oxford comma? The serial, also called the Oxford comma, is used before the concluding conjunction (and, or) that marks the final item in a list of three or more items. It appears after the second-last element in a series. EXAMPLE: We had cats, dogs, and horses on the farm. EXAMPLE: Would you like tea, coffee, or sparkling water? When to use Using the serial comma is optional, except when not using it would result in confusion. ✘Confusing: My favorite people are my sisters, Lady Gaga and Beyoncé. Unless your sisters are the two famous singers, use a serial comma. ✔Better: My favorite people are my sisters, Lady Gaga, and Beyoncé. ! CAUTIONBe careful to place the comma correctly. It doesn't always go before the final and. EXAMPLE: Paul ordered milk, toast, and eggs and bread. The final item is “eggs and bread,” so the comma goes before it. Differences in academic, creative, and news writing ●In academic and other formal writing, where it is important to convey exact meaning, the serial comma is generally preferred. ●In news copy, where space is precious, the serial comma is generally omitted. ●In creative writing, where rhythm and cadence are more important, the serial comma is often omitted (though some writers may prefer it, and that is perfectly fine as long as it is used consistently). ✔For ✘Against (or flexible) AMA (American Medical Association): “Use a comma before the conjunction that precedes the last term in a series.” APA (American Psychological Association): “Use a comma between elements (including before and and or) in a series of three or more items.” Oxford University Press: “Given that the final comma is sometimes necessary to prevent ambiguity, it is logical to impose it uniformly.” AP (Associated Press): “Use commas to separate elements in a series, but do not put a comma before the conjunction in a simple series.” Cambridge University Press: “In British practice there's an Oxford/ Cambridge divide[with Oxford in favor and Cambridge against].” The Guardian: “Straightforward [lists]… do not need [an Oxford comma], but sometimes it can help the reader.” 1．Which of the following statements is true about the Oxford comma? A．The serial comma is before the last “and” in a sentence. B．There's no strict rule for the use of serial comma in poems. C．Mainstream press companies are against the use of the Oxford comma. D．Academic writing uses the Oxford comma to keep the text short. 2．Which of the following statements is correct according to the article? A．This sentence is grammatically correct: She’s funny, caring and smart. B．This sentence is clear and correct: The girl at e some broccoli, peas, and bread, and butter. C．This sentence contains an Oxford comma: She loves the shells, the waves, the sunshine and the shoreline. D．This sentence clearly conveys that your parents are a doctor and a teacher: My parents, a doctor, and a teacher, inspired me to become a writer. 3．If you were an editor, which of the following sentences would you consider stylistically correct? A．Sentence: Every Friday, be the first to see reviews, news, and features.  Source: The New York Times B．Sentence: The rucksack didn’t contain any significant clues: just some bread, a bottle of Fanta, a bottle of water and a pair of trainers.  Source: “The Mystery of the Man Who Fell from the Sky,” The Guardian (April 15,2021) C．Sentence: Bacteria play a major role in bodily functions, including immunity, digestion and protection against disease.  Source: from an article in Clinical Microbiology Reviews D．Sentence: She represents love, beauty, purity, the ideal female and the moon. She’s the mystère of love, perpetual help, goodwill, health, beauty, and fortune.  Source: On Beauty (2005) by novelist Zadie Smith Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海彭浦中学·期末)Social media and the Internet are changing the way we eat and cook. First they came for the eggs. Then the feta cheese, caviar, and cucumbers. In some countries, these ingredients even sold out: Iceland experienced a shortage of cucumbers, and feta briefly vanished from grocery-store shelves. The reason for the shortages? Food enthusiasts were eager to recreate viral videos in which these ingredients starred. People who learned to cook in kitchens or through books may scoff at the spread of online-cooking videos. But chefs have long embraced technology to instruct, share their culinary visions and build their careers. In the 1960s-70s Julia Child used television and helped popularize cookbooks, demystifying French food for those cooking at home. Successful online food celebrities “recognize and make a real effort to meet the specific needs of their viewers,” explains Madeline Buxton, culture and trends manager at YouTube. Some viewers want to be entertained; others want to learn, travel or eat vicariously through people more adventurous than they are. Unlike cooking shows on TV, barriers to entry for online-cooking videos are low. Creators who think they have a winning idea do not need to persuade agents, editors and network executives; they can shoot a video themselves on their phone and see if people like it. Established media companies have got in on the act, but the Internet is mostly full of shorter content. Whereas adventurous TikTokers have tried their hand at complex recipes, approachable food tends to perform best: one reason recipes for baked-feta pasta and cucumber salad went viral is that it is easy to melt cheese and slice cucumbers. It also helps to be visually attractive: viral videos tend to show off the texture and crunch of food. Sometimes creators are surprised by which of their videos take off. Mr. DiGiovanni recalls his first popular video, which showed him making a chocolate bar from whole cacao pods; it was “poorly shot: the lighting was messed up; it was overexposed”. But it has attracted almost 14m views. Much as other food creators do, he shows viewers things they would not otherwise see, and he has a good time doing it. This points to an important aspect of online food culture: fun. Julia Child certainly mastered the art of French cooking, and people who followed her recipes may have enjoyed themselves, but she most believed in the haute (高端的) part of haute cuisine. Reverence (崇敬) does poorly in the democratized world of online content, where training, background and even experience matter less than likeability, production value and whether a video makes you want to pick up a pan and start cooking. Now can you please pass the feta? 1．The author cites Julia Child as an example to suggest that ________. A．the current trend of online cooking videos is not an entirely new phenomenon B．the shortages of certain ingredients were a direct result of popular TV shows C．cooking shows on TV have higher barriers for content creators D．television was as important as social media in the spread of culinary culture 2．Which of the following statements might the author most probably agree with? A．A detailed instruction on how to make high-end French cuisine is likely to go viral. B．Ingredients like cucumbers sold out because of the popularization of French food. C．Even respected chefs cannot guarantee that their videos will take off. D．The shorter a food video is, the more likely it is to gain in popularity. 3．What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage? A．The author highlights how modern cooking has been changed by the Internet. B．The author is drawn to the new culture of cooking on social media. C．The author is convinced that feta, as shown in the videos, can enhance the taste of food. D．The author's own culinary experiences haven't been influenced by online cooking videos. 4．Which of the following serves as the best title for the passage? A．From TV to TikTok: The Rise of Influencers B．A Taste of Trends: Culinary Journey Reshaped Online C．A Recipe for Success: How to Create Viral Cooking Videos D．Pass Me the Feta: Growing Appetite for Food Ingredients Passage 4 (24-25高二上·上海中学·期末)Regret gets a bad press. It is a painful emotion experienced upon realizing that a different decision would have led to a better outcome. And it is something that we strive to avoid. In sharp contrast, our recent research on children’s decision making emphasizes that the ability to experience regret is a developmental achievement associated with learning to make better choices. How does one go about studying regret in children, given that they might not have the term “regret” in their vocabulary? Developmental psychologists ask children to make simple choices between two options. The ability to experience regret can be tested for by asking children to express how they feel about the outcome of their decision on a child-friendly rating scale before and then after they see what they could have won instead. Feeling worse in the light of information about the prize they would have won had they decided differently is interpreted as evidence of regret. Studies using this method show that regret doesn’t emerge until about six years of age and most samples of six-year-olds will contain children who are able to experience regret and children who are not. This means that we can examine the consequences of experiencing regret for decision making in a sample of these children. If regret is involved with learning how to make better decisions then we should see more adaptive decision making in children who experience regret than in those who do not. Adaptive decision making requires decisions that are sensible in the light of the child’s earlier experience. To test this assumption, we ran a two-day procedure. On the first day, children completed the regret task described above. On the second day, we presented children with exactly the same decision that they made the day before. We found that those who experienced regret over their decision the previous day were significantly more likely to make a different choice on day two. This suggests that the role of regret is to help children remember bad choices so that they can be avoided in the future. 1．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To explain why regret is a harmful emotion for children’s development. B．To introduce a research method used in studying children’s emotions. C．To present a negative view of regret and warn people against it. D．To discuss new findings on the positive role of regret in children’s learning. 2．According to the passage, how is regret detected in children during the experiment? A．By asking them to describe their feelings using the word“ regret”. B．By comparing their reported feelings before and after seeing a better alternative. C．By observing whether they change their choice immediately. D．By analyzing their vocabulary related to emotions. 3．The underlined word“ adaptive” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A．quick and hurried B．sensible and experience-based C．random and unchangeable D．repeated and cautious 4．What can be inferred from the two-day experiment? A．Most children cannot experience regret until they are older than six. B．Children who feel regret are less likely to repeat a poor choice. C．The same decision will always be made if children feel regretful. D．Regret helps children remember the exact prize they missed. Passage 5 (24-25高二上·上海市西中学·期末)Soon after sunset, a strange clicking fills the air at Hanningfield Reservoir in Essex. Some noises come from bat detectors, which change the high sounds made by bats into ones people can hear. Others come from small counters used by volunteers to count the bats flying out of a building. The noise sounds like experimental electronic music. About 20 years ago, conservationists first noticed soprano pipistrelles — tiny British bats — at Hanningfield. Since then, the colony has grown from around 500 in the early 2010s to over 2,000 today. This is just one example of a wider trend. Bat numbers are rising in Britain, which shows that some environmental laws are working, even if they sometimes make building new homes or roads more difficult. Bats are harder to count than birds because they come out at night and make sounds we can’t hear. But studies of their feeding and roosting (栖息) habits show that nearly all common bat species have increased since the late 1990s. One type, the greater horseshoe bat, has tripled in number. In contrast, many bird populations are still falling. Still, Britain likely has fewer bats than it did in the past. In the 18th century, the naturalist Gilbert White reported seeing hundreds at once over the Thames. But after World War II, poisonous chemicals, bad weather, and modern farming reduced their numbers. Old farm buildings, piles of dry grass, and broken farm machines, once perfect bat homes, disappeared. Because bats live long lives, have only one baby a year, and depend on group homes, losing even one large roost can hurt their numbers for years. Thankfully, strict environmental laws have made these losses rare. British bats also seem less affected by white-nose syndrome, a deadly disease that has wiped out many bats in North America. These days bats have the magical power of blocking housing and infrastructure, or raising its cost. In Norfolk, plans for a new road have been suspended because of rare barbastelle bats. A special bridge for bats along the HS2 railway is costing over £100 million. For a government eager for growth, this is unacceptable. A new law may reduce bat protections, letting developers destroy habitats as long as they pay to restore them elsewhere. For bat protectors, this creates a “licence to kill”. Public attitudes to bats have warmed over the years, though not to the point of adoration. Technology, like better bat detectors, might help more people learn to love them. The better you know something, the more you worry about it. 1．What do we know about the bats at Hanningfield Reservoir? A．Their sounds are being monitored by devices and volunteers. B．Their numbers have grown because of the relaxed regulations. C．They have caused huge disturbances to nearby construction. D．They represent the largest bat colony ever recorded in Britain. 2．Which line chart shows the correct trend of the bats population? A． B． C． D． 3．Why are bats subject to habitat losses? A．Because their natural habitats can keep them from various deadly diseases. B．Because they lose the magical power to protect the modern farm buildings. C．Because individual bats cannot survive without constant group communication. D．Because their low reproduction rate and long lifespan require stability for growth. 4．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage? A．Habitat Loss and Disease: The Ongoing Threats to Bat Survival B．Bats and Technology: How Detectors Are Changing Conservation C．From Past to Present: The Tragic Fate of UK’s Bat Populations D．The Comeback of Bats: A Conservation Success Story with Challenges 三、议论文 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海松江二中·期末) Daydreaming It seems like every day there’s another study pointing to how this or that modern technology is destroying our ability to focus. But what if the problem is that we are expected to focus too much? By not giving our brains enough downtime, maybe we are actually making the problems worse. Ever since I was a little kid, I have felt guilty about daydreaming. I related to the character Bastian from the movie “The Neverending Story”, when his father demanded, “Get your head down out of the clouds, and keep both feet on the ground!” It is a memorable line that’s repeated throughout the film, as Bastian struggles with the fantastical nature of the story he is involved in. And while I was never directly discouraged from dreaming as a kid, as I’ve gotten older, the notes I’ve gotten from our culture certainly have told me I was wasting my time whenever my head was in the clouds. And yet, it never felt right to shut down that daydreaming. For one, it was too fun. How amazing is it that as humans, we get to go anywhere, do anything, be a different version of ourselves — all safely within our heads? But don’t just take my word for it: In the July, 2012 issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychological scientist Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her colleagues gathered a number of studies and explored them for details about the brain at rest, with some of the results summarized in ScienceDaily. “Findings suggest that individual differences in brain activity during rest are correlated with components of socio-emotional functioning, such as self-awareness and moral judgment, as well as different aspects of learning and memory.” So just like sleeping allows our brains to reorganize and finally work more efficiently, daydreaming may help our mental health, day-to-day. And brain “time-outs” may also help kids learn better (possibly proving wrong those adults who blame kids for daydreaming). “We focus on the outside world in education and don’t look much at inside focused skills and attentions but inside focus impacts the way we build memories, make meaning and move that learning into new contexts,” says Immordino-Yang. For kids who have been taught some version of inner focus, the studies that Immordino-Yang looked at indicated that they are less likely to suffer from high levels of anxiety, perform better on tests, and do a better job of planning for the future. Next time you see a kid (or adult!) staring off into space, remember that they might actually be getting important work done. 1．In the last sentence of the first paragraph, “the problems” refer to ________. A．the problems with the brain health B．the problems with focus C．the problems with modern technology D．the problems with daydreaming 2．Which of the following does NOT belong to the benefits of daydreaming? A．Daydreaming makes life more fascinating. B．Daydreaming helps children improve academic performance. C．Day dreaming is good for kids’ mental health. D．Daydreaming enables adults to have more job opportunities. 3．From the passage, we can infer that ________. A．Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her colleagues draw their conclusion based on other researchers’ studies B．the Movie “The Neverending Story” mainly describes the relationship between Bastian and his father C．the author was warned by her parents that having her head in the clouds was a waste of time D．we should encourage kids to stare off into space as often as possible 4．As an adult, the author now holds a ________ attitude towards daydreaming. A．negative B．supportive C．neutral D．doubtful Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海青浦高级中学·期末)Fear of technological progress is as old as technology itself, especially when it comes to its effect on employment. That is exactly what we are now seeing with automation, which is being described as a threat to the well-being of human beings. It cannot be denied that innovation including automation, disrupts existing industries and in turn the lives of individuals, families and communities. There is a long list of professions that no longer exist because of innovation, including elevator operators, telephone operators, and the list goes on. History, however, shows that we have more reasons for optimism than for fear. First, new technologies often lower costs while improving our overall quality of life. For example, robotic process automation (RPA) software is helping reduce administrative burdens by mimicking human actions and performing repetitive tasks, such as recording data. This automation is most needed in the U. S. health care industry, where the excessive amount of time spent on administrative tasks is causing physician burnout and higher fees. Second, new technologies often create jobs. The greater demand for new products increases demand for workers with the skills to develop, refine and use those goods. It’s true that the rise of new products and industries make older ones obsolete, but the same advancements that eliminated typists and human calculators also gave millions the chance to be developers, programmers, database administrators and broadband engineers. As stated by economist Alex Tabarrok, if technology didn’t create any jobs, “we would all be out of work because productivity has been increasing for two centuries”. And despite the alarmists, disruption doesn’t necessarily translate into social turmoil. Studies show that there is usually a significant lag time between the development and adoption of a given technology — sometimes up to four decades — giving workers time to adjust, gain new proficiencies and find jobs in new industries. Meanwhile, families and communities with higher standards of living thanks to technology are able to help those transitioning in a much more personal and dignifying way than a government-based approach. We should not fall into the trap of looking at a new innovation with the glass half-empty, envisioning a worst-case scenario and failing to account for its net benefits. While automation and innovation can be difficult emotionally and affect people’s livelihoods, top-down policies, such as universal basic incomes or technology bans, suppress the freedom that innovation and human creativity need to flourish. Before we give in to mass hysteria or institute government-led “solutions”, let’s remember the myriad ways that innovation has removed barriers. 1．What causes the doctors to be exhausted in America according the passage? A．Doctors have to take care of too many patients in America. B．Doctors spend too much time on non-professional tasks. C．Doctors have to work harder to earn more and live a better life. D．Doctors have to work long time to compete with new technologies. 2．What does the writer suggest we should do to face the coming automation? A．Wait for the assistance from the government. B．Lower our expectation of the new technology. C．Learn some new skills to work as a programmer. D．Adjust ourselves to be familiar with new industries. 3．Which of the following doesn’t account for our optimistic attitude towards automation? A．Automation can save people a lot of money. B．Automation offers people new job opportunities. C．Automation brings improvement to people life. D．Automation will make old-fashioned jobs disappear. 4．What can we conclude from the passage? A．People used to embrace new technology with their open arms. B．New technology will definitely lead to some social disturbance. C．We should see the whole picture concerning new technology. D．The government is to blame for the problems brought by new technology. Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海复旦附中·期末)Ads are everywhere. They are on our trains, they are on our planes, they are wrapped around our automobiles. They are even on the homeless. Yes, really; homeless people have been used as media space by marketers thinking outside the box; charmingly, it’s called “bumvertising”. Still, despite the constant creep of commercialism, there is one final frontier that has, as yet, remained blissfully ad-free: the graveyard. This isn’t to say that death doesn’t sell. On the contrary, posthumous fame is often the most lucrative. In Mark Twain’s play Is He Dead?, an artist fakes his death to increase the value of his work. As one of the characters explains:“A painter has so much more talent when he’s dead. Indeed, the deader he is, the better he is.” However, death normally doesn’t sell consumer brands. Nobody wants to see ads for hamburgers at a crematorium. Or be reminded that the unstoppable march of time means we are all going to die. Death is not aspirational and exploiting loss for money is inappropriate. Well, perhaps it’s not quite clear to everyone that it is. Last week, McDonald’s got a lot of grief for a TV advert that seemingly exploited bereaved children to flog fish sandwiches. More than 150 people complained to the Advertising Standards Authority about the dead dad ad and it has now been pulled with the usual PR fauxpology. “We respect our customers and their money very much and regret implying that a fried fish fillet could replace a father’s love, etc.” McDonald’s execs can take some solace in the fact that they aren’t the only marketing minds to have inexplicably decided that invoking family tragedy would be a winning strategy. In 2015 nationwide aired an ad featuring a drowned child during the Super Bowl. The camera cuts abruptly away to an ominous overflowing bath before reminding you that nationwide can“make safe happen”. And, hey, if safe doesn’t happen then at least you’ ll get some life insurance money. Now, to be clear, I don’t think that the McDonald’s or nationwide ads were made by Machiavellian monsters, cynically mining pain for profit. They were just bad ads created by an industry so high on its own puffery that it truly believes fast food brands have important things to say about bereavement. Nevertheless, there does appear to be a growing trend of brands engaging in griefsplotation. For instance, every time a celebrity dies, there follows a flurry of very bad tweets by companies trying to muscle their brand into the conversation. When Prince died last year, for example, Cheerios tweeted “Rest in peace” on a purple background — with a cheerio replacing the dot above the“i”. Fans were not impressed and Cheerios quickly deleted the tweet. But Homebase didn’t even bother making it look as if they cared about anything other than promoting themselves. Brands aren’t just leveraging celebrity deaths for product placement; national tragedies also make great content opportunities. Who could forget AT&T’s twin towers tweets? In 2013, the telecommunications company posted a tweet on 11 September that showed someone holding a phone up over the Tribute in Light memorial in New York City with the caption “Never Forget”. And, after the Boston Marathon bombing in 2013, the food website Epicurious tweeted:“In honor of Boston... may we suggest: wholegrain cranberry cones!” Shoehorning your brand into a social media conversation about a tragedy may be tasteless but it is a fairly rudimentary form of griefsplotation. Far more insidious is the way in which brands are now using our personal data to target us at the moments when we’ re feeling most vulnerable. Facebook has told advertisers it can identify when teenagers are feeling “stressed”, “defeated”, “overwhelmed”, “anxious” and “useless”, for example. It has also explicitly furnished advertisers with advice on how best to exploit — sorry, I mean “help” — people dealing with the grief of a breakup. Facebook’s research explains that heartbreak is the ideal marketing opportunity for those in the travel business: in the month after a newly single Facebook user has announced their breakup, there is an “increase of 25% more travel-related purchases”. Apparently “travel therapy has replaced retail therapy”: 55% of people surveyed by Facebook said that travelling after their breakup helped them move on, while only 8% of people said that shoes helped them move on. To be honest, some of these people probably just aren’t buying the right shoes. I mean, if you get boots that are made for walking, then that’s just what they’ll do. Anyway, if you break up with someone and find yourself suddenly bombarded with online ads for Virgin Holidays, this is probably why. Facebook is trying to help you heal. They care. They don’t want grief to consume you, they want you to consume your way out of grief. It’s really very sweet of them. At the very least, it’s better than a slap in the face with a wet filet of fish. 1．In the passage the author quoted Mark Twain’s play Is He Dead? to ________. A．remind us that the deader a person is, the better he is remembered B．give us an example that death can be used to promote selling brands C．illustrate that posthumous fame might be used to make more profits D．tell us that an artist could make more money after death 2．The expression “with the usual PR fauxpology” (para. 3) is used to ________. A．show McDonald’s sincere apology to the public after the incident B．reveal the particular PR posture with the marketing mind behind C．display the marketing minds of ever expanding commercialism D．criticise the practice of using family tragedy to promote brands 3．What is the writer’s attitude towards the issue discussed in the passage? A．Matter-of-fact, indifferent and neutral. B．Critical, cynical and satirical. C．Humorous, joking and explanatory. D．Lamenting and pessimistic. 4．Which of the following is NOT the example of griefsplotation? A．Consumer brands being sold with homeless people as media space. B．Involving in a social media conversation about a tragedy. C．Personal data being used to target people when they feel most vulnerable. D．Using celebrity deaths for product placement. 5．What can be concluded from the passage about Facebook? A．It promotes the use of travel therapy to replace retail therapy. B．It is quite helpful to cure people’s emotional wounds or grief. C．It can help advertisers identify teenager depression. D．It discovers more and more marketing opportunities for advertisers. Passage 4 (25-26高二上·上海复旦大学附属中学·校考)On holiday, many will find themselves in places where they do not speak the language. Once upon a time, they might have carried a phrasebook. The rise of English has made that less necessary. But most people — at least seven of the world’s eight billion — still do not speak English. That leaves options like pantomime, a willingness to be surprised by what arrives at dinner — or, increasingly, technology. More and more people are using simple, free tools, not only to decode text but also to speak. With these apps’ conversation mode, you talk into a phone and a spoken translation is heard moments later; the app can also listen for another language and produce a translation in yours. You may still get a surprise or two. Google Translate may be the best-known name in machine translation, but it often blunders. Take“my wife is gluten-free,” the kind of thing you might say at a restaurant abroad. In French or Italian, Google Translate renders this as“my wife is without gluten”—true to the words rather than the meaning. DeepL, a rival, does better, offering various options, most of them along the correct lines. The best tool may not be a translation app at all. Though not marketed for the purpose, ChatGPT, a generative AI system that churns out prose according to users’ prompts, is multilingual. Rather than entering an exact text to translate, users can tell ChatGPT to “write a message in Spanish to a waiter that my wife and I would like the tasting menu, but that she is gluten-free, so we would like substitutions for anything that has gluten.” And out pops a perfect paragraph, including the way Spanish-speaking speakers actually say “my wife is gluten-free”: mi esposa es celíaca. It is a paraphrase rather than a translation, more like having a native-speaking dinner companion than an automated interpreter. Travel has long been a motivator for study — unless people start to feel AI tools offer a good-enough service. Some are concerned that apps are turning language acquisition into a dwindling pursuit. Douglas Hofstadter, a polyglot (通晓多门语言的人), has argued that something profound will vanish when people talk through machines. He describes giving a halting, difficult speech in Mandarin, which required a lot of work but offered a sense of accomplishment at the end. Who would boast of taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest? Others are less worried. Most people do not move abroad or have the kind of sustained contact with a foreign culture that requires them to put in the work to become fluent. Nor do most people learn languages for the purpose of humanising themselves or training their brains. On their holiday, they just want a beer and the spaghetti carbonara without incident (and sometimes without gluten). As AI translation becomes an even more popular labour-saving tool, people will split into two groups. There will be those who want to stretch their minds, immerse themselves in other cultures or force their thinking into new pathways. This lot will still take on language study, often aided by technology. Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and puzzlement, as they might with extreme endurance sports: “Good for you, if that’s your thing, but a bit painful for my taste.” 1．According to the passage, what is a key advantage of ChatGPT over dedicated translation apps like Google Translate? A．It can process and translate spoken dialogue in real-time. B．It is specifically marketed and designed for travel purposes. C．It supports a significantly wider array of languages than its competitors. D．It understands and conveys the intent behind a request, not just the words. 2．What can be inferred from Douglas Hofstadter’s analogy of “taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest”? A．The goal of language learning, like climbing a mountain, should be the practical outcome rather than the process itself. B．People who use AI for communication will eventually develop a dependency on it, similar to relying on transportation. C．The core meaning of a difficult achievement lies in the personal struggle and effort, which is devalued by using AI tools. D．AI translation, like a helicopter, is a technological marvel that makes challenging goals achievable for a wider range of people. 3．Which of the following best describes the author’s likely view on the future impact of AI translation? A．It will transform language acquisition from a practical skill into an intellectual exercise. B．It will create a divide in the language learners for practical needs and for deeper engagement. C．It will ensure that cross-cultural communication is perfectly accurate and free of surprises. D．It will eventually make the professions of human interpreters and translators redundant. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Universal Translator: The Promise and Limitations of AI Translation B．Beyond Phrasebooks: How Technology is Reshaping Global Communication C．The Polyglot’s Dilemma: Preserving Linguistic Depth in an Age of Automation D．The Price of Convenience: AI and the Changing Motivation for Language Learning Passage 5 (24-25·复旦大学附属中学·校考)“Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science.   To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods.   But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.   What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic probably shares.   One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.   Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.   Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 1．According to Paragraph 3, “some fretting and friction” refers to the fact that methodological reformers ______. A．feel reluctant to reflect on themselves B．are unable to provide valuable work C．don’t offer constructive criticisms D．meet with harsh personal attacks 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE about the “assume you are wrong” strategy? A．It will make scientific conclusions less reliable. B．It can enhance the public’s understanding of science. C．It may lead to an increase in the motivation of scientists. D．It can promote a positive interpretation of criticisms. 3．According to the passage, what is the author most likely to agree on? A．Nosek’s strategy has been proven to improve scientific outcomes and decision-making. B．The scientific community should reject untested hypotheses to avoid misleading the public. C．Nosek’s emphasis on cognitive modesty holds potential for collective progress in science. D．Scientists are advised to adopt the same perspectives to achieve the “sense of community”. 4．______ best fits the “assume you are wrong” strategy. A．Encouraging business leaders to always trust their instincts in making decisions B．Promoting a culture where teachers actively seek feedback to improve teaching C．Training politicians to be more defensive about their policies to avoid admitting faults D．Advising journalists to stick to their narratives despite opposing views 四、应用文 Passage 1 Four Hotels That Will Make Your Life Easier For the business traveler who’s all about efficiency: check out these hotels that will get you in and out with minimum trouble. When you’re pressed for time on a business trip, nothing can infuriate you more than a slow hotel check-in process. On your next trip, try these hotels that offer a speedier check-in process.1. Yotel New York The self-service kiosks at this high-tech New York hotel are open 24/7 and work just like the ones you’d see at an airport. There are just five-steps to register and obtain your card key. There’s even a robotic luggage bellboy. You tap in the number of bags you’re carrying and sizes, then wait for a robot arm to swing down and store your luggage in a locker (say, for a day trip). This also speeds up the check-in process if the first thing you need to do, like me, is head to a series of meetings.2. Marriott Detroit Airport Another option for business travelers in a hurry: Marriott is rolling out its mobile check-in app to 325 hotels this year, including the Marriott Detroit Airport hotel. (I’ve tested the app itself but not for a real visit quite yet.) Here is the basic idea: you download the iPhone or Android app. The night before, you can “check-in” virtually. When you arrive, you get an alert that the room is ready and your key, which is already tied to your reservation, is waiting for you at the desk.3. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis I happened to stay at this hotel recently and liked how fast the kiosk check-in works. Like the Yotel, the kiosk asks you to insert your credit card, similar to an airport terminal. The whole process took about three minutes. When I left, I was equally impressed with the fast check-out. An agent meets you in the lobby with an iPad and asks for an email to use for a receipt. The big advantage: you never have to wait in line.4. Radisson LaCrosse The Radisson is trying to make the kiosk process even faster. At a few select hotels like the Radisson Lacrosse in Wisconsin, you use a mobile app to register and then receive a barcode by email or text. When you get to the kiosk, you can scan the barcode to get your key without any other steps required. It’s super fast. You can find this new check-in system at the Radisson hotels in Salt Lake City, Seattle, and Phoenix as well. 1．What does the word “infuriate” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．To annoy. B．To remind. C．To amuse. D．To impress. 2．In which two hotels can customers check in before they physically arrive at the front desk? A．Yotel New York and Marriott Detroit Airport. B．Marriott Detroit Airport and Radisson LaCrosse. C．Marriott Detroit Airport and Hyatt Regency Minneapolis. D．Hyatt Regency Minneapolis and Radisson LaCrosse. 3．Travis is a traveler, who is very particular about efficiency but is concerned about privacy leakage when checking-in online. He plans to stay at a hotel for one night and leave first thing in the morning for a tour of the city. He would come back to the hotel and pick up his belongings at dusk. Which of following hotel best meets his needs? A．Yotel New York. B．Marriott Detroit Airport. C．Hyatt Regency Minneapolis. D．Radisson LaCrosse. Passage 2 The card worth paying for THE SHOPIt is a membership card that is offered by THE SHOP Shopping Mall. The annual membership offers fascinating pleasure, discounts, and member benefits. There is also the chance to exchange with like-minded persons. With the card, you enjoy these benefits and more! - free parking during off-peak hours for all members - free parking during peak hours for Gold and Diamond members -discounts from all merchants within THE SHOP for Diamond members -offers from selected merchants- for Gold and Silver members -monthly free brunch for all THE SHOP card members -complimentary foot reflexology (足疗)with $300 spent in a single receipt Enjoy 35% discount on card fee if you apply before 15 August! Additional 5% discount if you are a Marchbank Gold card holder! Diamond Class Length Feees 1 year $3,000 2 years $5,000 Gold Class 1 year $1,800 2 years $3,300 Silver Class 1 year $1,200 2 years $2,000 For more information, please visit www.theshop.comorcall our customer service officers at 61234567. Alternatively you may come down to THE SHOP and speak with our card consultants who will have the pleasure of discussing the details with you. Off-peak hours: 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Weekdays except public holidays. Peak hours: All Other times and days. 1．THE SHOP card offers _____. A．discounts at all shops B．free parking at all hours for all members C．free brunch for all members once a month D．foot reflexology with $800 spent within a single month 2．A Marchbank gold card holder who applies on August 5 pays ______ for a two-year diamond membership card. A．$3,087.5 B．$2,000 C．$3,000 D．$3,250 3．An interested customer may find out more information by _____. A．calling up card consultants B．reading the receipt C．visiting the Marchbank officers D．visiting the website Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海师范大学附属中学宝山分校、闵行分校·期末) Max Flannel is back to struggle with your workplace headaches. Q1: Dear Max, I am a 23-year-old social-media marketer who has only recently been required to return to the office. I had been told that the office would be great for having water cooler conversations. My office doesn’t seem to have a water cooler. What should I do? Al: Now you ask, I’m not really even sure what a water cooler is. But the basic idea is to find a place where you know colleagues are bound to go regularly and where you can engage in light conversation about whether they saw anything good on TV last night. My advice is to hang around any tap and you should meet colleagues fairly regularly. Q2: I have just been promoted into a senior role. I have noticed that many of my new peers like to open meetings with small personal anecdotes about something that happened to them that day-a minor cycling accident, say, or a chance encounter with an old acquaintance. It seems to be a way of getting people to relax a bit. The trouble is that nothing interesting ever seems to happen to me. What should I do? A2: I wouldn’t worry too much.Those stories are mostly made-up and all deliberately boring. No executive ever opens a meeting talking about how they woke up in their own clothes but in a  total stranger’s apartment. The goal is only to put people at their ease by making the speaker seem  faintly human.Just say exactly what you put in your message above and then make your face go a  bit vulnerable. That should do the trick. Q3: I can never time my interjections correctly. If I try to judge when a speaker is about to stop talking, I either break in too early and end up apologizing for interrupting, or am a beat too slow and someone else grabs the floor. Do you have any tips? A3: There are only three ways to handle this common problem. One is to start so loudly that everyone immediately gives way. You may come up against a fellow-shouter and then it’s just a battle of nerves: who is going to give way? The second is to raise your hand and wait you’ll get your turn eventually and be listened to. The third is to get promoted. If you are senior enough, I t doesn’t matter how ridiculous a point you are making; everyone gives way. Keep sending me your problems, and enjoy the break! 1．How does Max Flannel suggest the social-media marketer engage in water cooler-like conversations at the office? A．By installing a water cooler in the office. B．By asking colleagues directly about their TV watching habits. C．By finding a place where colleagues gather regularly. D．By avoiding such conversations since the office doesn’t have a water cooler. 2．What does the underlined phrase "rab the floor" in Q3 probably mean? A．solve problems voluntarily B．take the initiative to speak first C．keep silence during a conversation D．deliberately interrupt others’speech 3．Which of the following statements might Max Flannel agree with most? A．It’s harmful for supervisors to look vulnerable in front of others. B．You don’t need a real water cooler to have a water cooler conversation. C．Getting promoted is the best way to avoid being interrupted at corporate meetings. D．It’s advisable to make up some engaging stories about yourself to increase your popularity. Passage 4 Public Events at the Library of Congress The Library of Congress offers these events to the public at its Washington location free of charge, except where otherwise noted. Schedules are subject to change. Check back to this site for the latest information. Individuals requiring accommodation for this event are requested to submit a request at least five business days in advance by contacting (202) 707-6362 or ADA@loc.govExhibition — World War I: American Artists View the Great War 8:30 am-4:30 pm An exhibition showing how American artists aroused public interest in World War I will open next month at the Library of Congress. “World War I: American Artists View the Great War” will open on Saturday, April 7 in the Graphic Arts Galleries on the ground floor of the Library’s Thomas Jefferson Building. The exhibition is free and is open to the public from Monday to Saturday, 8:30 am to 4:30 pm. It will remain open for a year, closing on April 6, 2018. Location: Jefferson Building, ground floor, Thomas Jefferson Building Contact: (202)707-6021 Event — “Presidential Inauguration Treasures” 10:00 am-3:00 pm The two-week display on inaugural (就职典礼), at the Library of Congress, will feature presidential treasures: the handwritten speeches of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln and collections on the lighter side: menus, dance cards and souvenirs. The display will include newspapers, film clips, a demonstration of online resources and a challenging presidential history quiz. The display is free and open to the public. Location: Mahogany Row A (LJ113), 1st floor, Thomas Jefferson Building Contact: (202)707-2922 Film — The NeverEnding Story (Warner Bros, 1984) 2:00 pm-4:00 pm Bastian Balthazar Bux, a young boy bullied at school, hid himself one day in an old book shop, where he discovers a mysterious book The NeverEnding Story. Location: Packard Campus Theater, Packard Campus Building Contact: (202)707-9994 Concert — Jordi Savall and Hesperion XXI 8:00 pm-10:30 pm Early music star Jordi Savall gathers exceptional performers, classical and traditional, to show the rich musical history of “La Serenissima” over a thousand years of empire. *PRE — CONCERT CONVERSATION 6:30 PM — Whittall Pavilion (no tickets required)* Location: Coolidge Auditorium, ground floor, Thomas Jefferson Building Contact: (202)707-5502 1．According to the article, the public events at the Library of Congress ________. A．are all free and open to the public throughout the year B．are presented in various forms like exhibitions and shows C．are only available for local residents of Washington D．have to be booked at least five days in advance 2．Fans of ancient music are most likely to enjoy events held at ________. A．Jefferson Building, ground floor, Thomas Jefferson Building B．Mahogany Row A (LJ113), 1st floor, Thomas Jefferson Building C．Packard Campus Theater, Packard Campus Building D．Coolidge Auditorium, ground floor, Thomas Jefferson Building 3．What can visitors expect to experience if they arrive at the Library of Congress at noon? A．A collection of artworks depicting World War I. B．A full-length fantasy film. C．A hands-on exhibition under expert guidance. D．A live concert featuring different music performers. Passage 5 (25-26高二上·上海静安区西中学·校考) Every Step Counts, Every Mile Matters! Event: Beijing Marathon — Run for CharityGoal: To raise funds and awareness for children in need in rural Gansu Province. By the Numbers: The 2016 ImpactRunners Participating: 2,000 dedicated charity runners Total Funds Raised: ¥87,000 Children Supported: 590 students from 15 schools Essential Items Provided: Warm winter jackets and school stationery sets Runners’ Stories“Crossing the finish line felt amazing, but knowing why I was running felt even better. My effort helped buy a warm coat for a child who might otherwise be cold in winter. That thought carried me through every kilometer.” ——Teng Lijun, University Student“Training for this after a long workday was tough, but it gave me a powerful sense of purpose beyond my job. It showed me that even a busy professional can contribute to something bigger.” ——Mark Chen, Financial Analyst Beyond the Donation: Ripple EffectsThe initiative aimed to do more than just provide material support. A team of runners visited the schools in Gansu to personally deliver the supplies. They shared stories of their training and the marathon, hoping to inspire the children to pursue their own goals and face challenges with resilience (韧性). The visit ended with fun relay races, where laughter and encouragement were as abundant as the new school supplies. Join the Movement!Want to make a difference in next year’s event? Here’s how you can get involved: ✔Sign up as a charity runner and raise sponsorship. ✔Contribute any amount through our secure online platform. ✔Share our story on social media to help us reach more supporters. Together, we can run towards a brighter future for every child. 1．What was the primary goal of the Run for Charity initiative? A．To promote the Beijing Marathon internationally B．To help needy children in a rural area C．To find the fastest runners in the country D．To encourage students to become professional athletes 2．According to passage, what was provided for the 590 children? A．Electronic devices and online courses B．Sports equipment and tournament fees C．School supplies and winter clothing D．Scholarships for university education 3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to support the initiative? A．Signing up to run and collect sponsorship B．Volunteering at water stations during the marathon C．Donating money through the official website D．Sharing information on social media platforms 2 / 48 1 / 48 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题04 阅读理解进阶练15篇（四大体裁，期末复习专项训练） 一、记叙文 1 二、说明文 12 三、议论文 24 四、应用文 38 一、记叙文 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海交通大学附属中学·期末)I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past. Very seldom have I met a courteous human being in this modern era of the so-called Generation X. Recently, I had to change my thinking, when I came face to face with just such a human being. I had gone to a fashionable coffee place, with two of my grown-up daughters. The place was crowded with the usual loud crowd and we had to climb a steep flight of stairs in order to find an empty table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we were walking down the steep stairs, where the narrow space made climbing down only possible in a single file, with hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down. Just as I was in the middle of the staircase, a gentleman entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase. I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man who would want to go up in a hurry. I kept coming down as fast as I could, holding on to the banister (扶手), in spite of my advanced years. My daughters were already down, looking up at me worriedly, hoping I would reach them before the stranger started up the stairs, knowing I was a nervous sort. Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the door, I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open. I looked back thinking he was still at the door, deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place. I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through. We admired his kindness for both, waiting for us to come down before going up himself and also holding the main entrance door open for us to go out. To date, I still remember this gentleman and pray to God to make more human beings like him. 1．Before she met the man in the restaurant, the author had thought ________. A．she didn’t belong to the Generation X B．there were few polite people in the modern society C．having coffee in a fancy café was not her cup of tea D．human beings were born courteous 2．In paragraph 2, the underlined phrase “in a single file” means that ________. A．climbing down the staircase was easy as long as we held the file in hand B．walking down the stairs was like walking on a document C．we needed permission from the restaurant owner before we walked down D．the staircase was so narrow that only one person was allowed at a time 3．What can we infer from the passage about the author? A．She tended to feel nervous in some stressful situations. B．She was short-tempered and often walked very fast. C．She was a lady in her early thirties and was quite fit. D．She was grateful to the man and directly expressed thanks to him. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? A．Strange Encounter at a Fancy Coffeeshop B．The Decline of the Generation X C．A Man of Mystery and Manners D．Rediscovering Courtesy in a Crowded World 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者原本认为现代社会缺乏礼貌，但一次在拥挤咖啡店的经历中，一位绅士的体贴行为让她改变了看法，并希望更多人能像这位绅士一样彬彬有礼。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past. Very seldom have I met a courteous human being in this modern era of the so-called Generation X. (我曾经认为礼貌是过去的事。在这个所谓的X时代的现代，我很少遇到有礼貌的人。)”可知，在这次相遇之前，作者认为在现代社会中很少有礼貌的人。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“After enjoying coffee and snacks, we were walking down the steep stairs, where the narrow space (享用完咖啡和点心后，我们走下陡峭的楼梯，那里狭窄的空间)”和下文“with hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down (几乎没有空间让另一个人爬上去或下来)”可知，楼梯陡峭，且空间狭窄，因此一次只能走一个人，画线部分指“楼梯太窄，一次只能容纳一个人”。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“My daughters were already down, looking up at me worriedly, hoping I would reach them before the stranger started up the stairs, knowing I was a nervous sort. (我的女儿们已经下楼了，担心地抬头看着我，希望我能在那个陌生人开始上楼前到达她们那里，因为她们知道我是个容易紧张的人。)”可知，面对陌生人可能即将走上狭窄楼梯的情况，女儿们很担忧容易紧张的作者。由此推知，作者容易在压力情境下感到紧张。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past. Very seldom have I met a courteous human being in this modern era of the so-called Generation X. (我曾经认为礼貌是过去的事。在这个所谓的X时代的现代，我很少遇到有礼貌的人。)”、第二段中“Recently, I had to change my thinking, when I came face to face with just such a human being. (最近，当我面对这样一个人的时候，我不得不改变我的想法。)”和最后一段中“We admired his kindness for both, waiting for us to come down before going up himself and also holding the main entrance door open for us to go out. (我们都很佩服他的善良，他先等我们下来再上去，还为我们开着大门让我们出去。)”可知，作者原本认为现代社会缺乏礼貌，但在一家拥挤的咖啡店遇到一位绅士，他默默地等待她走下狭窄的楼梯，并为他们一家开门，这让作者重新意识到礼貌的存在。因此，D项“在拥挤的世界中重新发现礼貌。”紧扣主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海闵行六校·期末)The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd. When I stepped off a ship in New York Harbor in 1949, I was a nine-year-old war refugee, who had lost his mother and was coming to live with the father he did not know. My mother, Eleni Gatzoyiannis, had been imprisoned and shot for sending my sisters and me to freedom. I was thirteen years old when I entered Chandler Junior High. Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during “club hours.” The idea of hobbies and clubs made no sense to my immigrant ears, but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class. She led me into the presence of Miss Hurd, the school newspaper adviser and English teacher. A tough woman with salt-and-pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had no patience with lazy bones. She drilled us in grammar, assigned stories for us to read and discuss, and eventually taught us how to put out a newspaper. Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland, making me proud of my origins. Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language. Owing to her inspiration, during my next twenty-five years, I became a journalist by profession. Miss Hurd retired at the age of 62. By then, she had taught for a total of 41 years. Even after her retirement, she continually made a project of unwilling students in whom she spied a spark of potential. The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire. Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn’t have become a reporter. She was the catalyst that sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after. 1．What kind of person was Marjorie Hurd according to the passage? A．She was a strict and impatient teacher. B．She was a kind and gentle adviser. C．She was a tough but inspiring teacher. D．She was a humorous and easygoing English teacher. 2．Which of the following caused the author to think of his homeland differently? A．Stepping on the American soil for the first time. B．Being exposed to Greek literary works. C．Her mother’s miserable death D．Following the prettiest girl in his class. 3．It can be inferred from Paragraph Four that ________. A．Miss Hurd’s contribution was recognized across the nation B．Students from troubled homes preferred Miss Hurd’s teaching style C．The students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired D．Miss Hurd employed a unique way to handle students from troubled homes 4．The passage is mainly concerned with ________. A．how the author became a journalist B．the importance of inspiration in one’s life C．the teacher who shaped the author’s life D．factors contributing to a successful career 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和其生命中一位重要的人生导师——Marjorie Hurd之间的故事，以及这位老师如何对作者的人生产生了深远的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“A tough woman with salt-and-pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had no patience with lazy bones. She drilled us in grammar, assigned stories for us to read and discuss, and eventually taught us how to put out a newspaper. Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland, making me proud of my origins. Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language. Owing to her inspiration, during my next twenty-five years, I became a journalist by profession.(Marjorie Hurd是一位头发花白、眼神坚定的严厉女性，她对懒骨头毫无耐心。她训练我们语法，布置故事让我们阅读和讨论，最终教我们如何出版报纸。她对希腊文学财富的介绍让我对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国有了新的认识，使我为自己的出身感到自豪。她的努力激励我去理解英语语言的逻辑和结构。由于她的激励，在接下来的二十五年里，我成为了一名职业记者。)”可知，Marjorie Hurd是一位严厉但又鼓舞人心的老师。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war - torn homeland, making me proud of my origins.(她对希腊文学财富的介绍让我对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国有了新的认识，使我为自己的出身感到自豪。)”可知，接触希腊文学作品使作者对自己的祖国有了不同的看法。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire.(这些学生主要来自问题最多的家庭，但她用自己特有的严厉而慈爱的方式，时而严厉，时而温柔地引导他们，直到他们心中的火花被点燃。)”可知，她用自己特有的严厉而慈爱的方式，时而严厉，时而温柔地引导他们，说明Hurd老师用了一种独特的方式来处理这些学生。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd.(决定我人生道路的人是一位名叫Marjorie Hurd的学校老师。)”、最后一段“Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn’t have become a reporter. She was the catalyst that sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after.(Hurd老师是将我的悲伤和痛苦转化为写作动力的人。如果没有Hurd老师，我就不会成为一名记者。她是推动我进入新闻业的催化剂，并间接促成了之后发生的所有好事。)”可知，文章主要讲述了Hurd老师如何影响了作者的人生，使作者成为了一个记者，并强调了Hurd老师对作者的深远影响。故选C项。 Passage 3 (25-26高二上·上海民办文绮中学·校考)I was about 5 when I first heard the word “Greenland”, and my interest grew from there. Finally, after decades, I decided to go. When I finally arrived, the place, at first glance, was clearly misnamed: The east coast of Greenland was a stretching land of ice and snow, with no sign of human habitation. One of my purposes of going to Greenland was to make contact with some native Greenlanders. I didn’t know I would achieve this, but success came in an unexpected way. When I arrived at the Illunguukjuk Hostel, where I had reserved a bed, a young couple and their baby were out front, enjoying the sun and unusual warmth. Greenlanders speak their own Inuit language and learn Danish in school, and many also speak English well. The young woman, however was not one of these. Her English turned out to be anticlimactic. When I identified myself, her eyes widened. Another traveler had arrived earlier and, mistaking him for me, they had given him my bed. There was no more space in the hostel. “But don’t worry,” she said, as she threw herself into cleaning a tiny house the family owned. “This is for you,” she said. And as if that weren’t enough, she invited me to eat supper with her family. That evening I sat down to a dinner of fresh fish with a loving, happy native family. When I first set foot in Greenland I found myself all but shocked by the emptiness, the vastness, and the silence. I had decided that I would probably never return. And then I was taken into this Greenlandic home. I can now say that even cold, empty, and silent scenery is worth visiting, so long as one has a warm and welcoming place to go to. 1．What was the author’s initial impression of Greenland’s east coast? A．It was populated with native communities. B．It was accurately named for its scenery. C．It was uninhabited, icy and full of snow. D．It was full of sincere and welcoming locals. 2．What does the underlined word “anticlimactic” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Simple. B．Modem. C．Outstanding. D．Disappointing. 3．The author lost his bed in the hostel because of ________. A．the language barrier B．a misunderstanding C．a wrong address D．the high price 4．What was the key factor that changed the author’s overall perception of his trip? A．The unusual warmth and sunny weather. B．The stunning though cold and empty scenery. C．The experience of being welcomed into a local home. D．The success in communicating with native Greenlanders. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去格陵兰岛的经历，包括初到时的印象、住宿时因误会失去床位，以及被当地家庭热情接待后对格陵兰岛看法的改变。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When I finally arrived, the place, at first glance, was clearly misnamed: The east coast of Greenland was a stretching land of ice and snow, with no sign of human habitation.(当我最终抵达时，乍一看，这个地方显然名不副实：格陵兰岛东海岸是一片广袤无垠的冰雪之地，看不到任何人类居住的迹象。)”可知，作者最初对格陵兰岛东海岸的印象是无人居住的，冰天雪地。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Greenlanders speak their own Inuit language and learn Danish in school, and many also speak English well. The young woman, however was not one of these. Her English turned out to be anticlimactic.(格陵兰人说他们自己的因纽特语，在学校学习丹麦语，许多人英语也说得很好。然而，这位年轻女子不属于这类人。她的英语结果令人anticlimactic。)”可知，这个年轻女子不像其他格陵兰人那样英语说得好，所以她的英语令人失望，故anticlimactic意为“令人失望的”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Another traveler had arrived earlier and, mistaking him for me, they had given him my bed.(另一个旅行者早些时候到了，他们把他误认成了我，把我的床给了他。)”可知，由于误会，作者在旅馆里失去了床位。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And then I was taken into this Greenlandic home. I can now say that even cold, empty, and silent scenery is worth visiting, so long as one has a warm and welcoming place to go to.(然后我被带进了这个格陵兰人的家。我现在可以说，即使景色寒冷、空旷、寂静，也值得一游，只要有一个温暖而欢迎的地方可以去。)”可知，被当地家庭热情接待的经历改变了作者对整个旅行的看法。故选C。 Passage 4 (25-26高二上·上海曹杨第二中学·校考) Brutus speaks at a pulpit. Be patient till the last. Romans, countrymen and lovers, hear me for my cause, and be silent that you may hear. Believe me for mine honour, and have respect to mine honour that you may believe. Censure (谴责) me in your wisdom, and awake your senses that you may the better judge. If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesar’s, to him I say that Brutus’s love to Caesar was no less than his. If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living, and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all freemen? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him. As he was fortunate, I rejoiced at it. As he was valiant (英勇坚决的), I honour him. But, as he was ambitious, I slew (杀戮) him. There are tears for his love, joy for his fortune, honour for his valour, and death for his ambition. Who is here so base that would be a bondman (奴隶)? If any, speak, for him have I offended. Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any, speak, for him have I offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any, speak, for him have I offended. I pause for a reply. Antony mounts the pulpit. Friends, Romans, countrymen, give me your attention. I have come here to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do is remembered after their deaths, but the good is often buried with them. It might as well be the same with Caesar. The noble Brutus told you that Caesar was ambitious. If that’s true, it’s a serious fault, and Caesar has paid seriously for it. With the permission of Brutus and the others—for Brutus is an honourable man; they are all honourable men—I have come here to speak at Caesar’s funeral. He was my friend; he was faithful and just to me. But Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honourable man. He brought many captives home to Rome, whose ransoms brought wealth to the city. Is this the work of an ambitious man? When the poor cried, Caesar cried too. Ambition shouldn’t be so soft. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honourable man. You all saw that on the Lupercal feast day, I offered him a king’s crown three times, and he refused it three times. Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious. And, no question, Brutus is an honourable man. I am not here to disprove what Brutus has said, but to say what I know. You all loved him once, and not without reason. Then what reason holds you back from mourning him now? Men have become British beasts and lost their reason! Bear with me. My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, and I must pause until it returns to me. (He weeps. ) Only yesterday the word of Caesar might have stood against the world. Now he lies there worth nothing, and no one is so humble as to show him respect. Oh, sirs, if I stirred your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, I would offend Brutus and Cassius, who, you all know, are honourable men. I will not do them wrong. I would rather wrong the dead, and wrong myself and you, than wrong such honourable men. 1．How does Brutus feel about the death of Caesar? A．He deeply regrets his actions. B．He feels glad now that Caesar is dead. C．He feels it is justified as Caesar is ambitious. D．He feels it is justified as Caesar doesn’t like him. 2．What is correct about Brutus’s love for Caesar? A．He loves Caesar more than Rome. B．He loves Rome more than he does Caesar. C．He doesn’t love Caesar at all, but hates him. D．It is not strong enough to make him cry over Caesar’s death. 3．Which statement about Antony’s speech is false? A．Antony disagrees with Brutus. B．Antony is glad that Caesar is dead. C．Antony refuses to let Caesar be ambitious. D．Antony does not think that Caesar was a tyrant. 4．How does Antony primarily achieve his persuasive effect in his speech? A．By listing Caesar’s accomplishments and repeatedly questioning Brutus’s “honour.” B．By openly accusing Brutus of treason. C．By urging the crowd to immediate violence. D．By comparing Caesar to historical heroes. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是在凯撒遇刺身亡后，布鲁图斯和安东尼先后在葬礼上发表演讲，通过各自不同的言辞来争取民众支持、塑造自身立场的过程。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“But, as he was ambitious, I slew him.(但是，因为他野心勃勃，我杀了他。)”可知，布鲁图斯认为凯撒之死是正当的，因为凯撒野心勃勃。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.(倘若那位挚友问起我为何要反对凯撒，我的答复便是：并非我爱凯撒之情有所削减，而是我对罗马的爱更为深沉。)”可知，布鲁图斯爱罗马胜过爱凯撒。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, and I must pause until it returns to me. (He weeps.)(我的心与凯撒一同长眠在那棺木之中，此刻我必须稍作停顿，待它重回我身。（他潸然泪下。）)”可知，凯撒死了，安东尼并不高兴，因此B选项错误。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“He brought many captives home to Rome whose ransoms brought wealth to the city.(他带了许多俘虏回罗马，这些俘虏的赎金为这座城市带来了财富。)”，“With the permission of Brutus and the others—for Brutus is an honourable man; they are all honourable men—I have come here to speak at Caesar’s funeral.(经布鲁图斯及其他人应允——毕竟布鲁图斯是位德高望重之人，他们皆是德高望重之人——我特来此，在凯撒的葬礼上讲几句话。)”和倒数第二段“You all saw that on the Lupercal feast day I offered him a king’s crown three times, and he refused it three times. Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious.(你们大家都亲眼所见，在牧神节那天，我三次将王冠献给他，而他三次都拒绝了。这能算是有野心吗？然而布鲁图斯却说他有野心。)”可知，Antony通过列举凯撒的功绩，反复质疑布鲁图斯的“荣誉感”。故选A。 Passage 5 (25-26高二上·上海彭浦中学·月考)They say a cat has nine lives, and I think that possible since I am now living my third life and I’m not even a cat. My father died when I was 15, and we had a hard struggle to make a living. And my mother, who was seriously ill in her last years, died while still in her 60s. My sister married soon after, and I followed her example within the year. My first life was a dream: happy, healthy, with a great job and a beautiful home. But then a progressive motor nerve disease ended it, affecting my right arm and leg, and then my left side. My second life had begun. Despite my illness, I drove to work with special equipment. I stayed optimistic thanks to the 14 steps from my garage to the kitchen. Those steps were my yardstick — a daily challenge. I felt that if I could no longer manage those 14 steps, I would finally admit defeat and die. On a dark August night in 1971, my third life began. Driving home through a storm, my steering wheel suddenly jerked and I heard a tire blowout. For me, changing a tire was utterly impossible. I started the engine and slowly drove on the flat tire until I found a house with lighted windows. I pulled into the driveway and honked the horn for help. The door opened and a little girl stood there. When she knew what happened to me, she went into the house and a moment later came out, followed by a man who called a cheerful greeting. I sat there comfortably and dry, and felt a bit sorry for the man and the little girl working so hard in the storm. About an hour later, the man’s voice was heard, “This is a bad night for car trouble, but you’re all set now.” “Thanks,” I said. “How much do I owe you?” He shook his head, “Nothing. Cynthia told me you were a cripple (跛者). Glad to be of help. I know you’d do the same for me. There’s no charge, friend.” I held out a five-dollar bill, “No! I like to pay my way.” He made no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and said quietly, “Grandpa can’t see it.” 1．“A cat has nine lives” here means ______. A．a cat can live nine times longer than any other animal B．a cat can die ninth C．a lucky man cannot die easily D．the writer will live nine times 2．What do you think of the man who helped change the tire? A．Warm-hearted but pitiable. B．Warm-hearted and happy. C．A blind old man that has nothing to do every day. D．A poor old man that is always ready to help others. 3．How will the story be ended? A．The writer paid the little girl but the old man did not accept. B．The writer drove away with tears running down his cheek. C．The writer stayed there, without knowing what to do and how to do. D．In the next few frozen seconds the writer felt the shame and astonishment he had never felt before. 4．The best title for this passage perhaps will be ______. A．The Old Man and His Daughter. B．Heart Leaping Up. C．Never Lose Heart. D．Good Will Be Rewarded Good. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者历经生活磨难与疾病困扰，在一次暴风雨夜车辆出故障时，得到一对祖孙无偿帮助，且得知老人是盲人后内心受到触动的故事。体现了作者面对生活磨难与疾病困扰时，始终不放弃、保持乐观的精神。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“They say a cat has nine lives, and I think that possible since I am now living my third life and I’m not even a cat.(人们说猫有九条命，我觉得这是可能的，因为我现在已经在过我的第三辈子了，而我甚至不是一只猫)”可知，作者将自己多次度过困境比作猫有九条命，该俗语在此处指幸运的人不易遭遇不幸。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第六段“When she knew what happened to me, she went into the house and a moment later came out, followed by a man who called a cheerful greeting.(当她知道我遇到的情况后，就走进了房子，过了一会儿又出来了，后面跟着一个男人，他愉快地打了个招呼)”和第七段“He shook his head, ‘Nothing. Cynthia told me you were a cripple (跛者). Glad to be of help. I know you’d do the same for me. There’s no charge, friend.”(他摇了摇头，“没什么。辛西娅告诉我你是个跛子。很高兴能帮上忙。我知道你也会这么做的。这是免费的，朋友。”)”以及“I held out a five-dollar bill, “No! I like to pay my way.” He made no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and said quietly, “Grandpa can’t see it.”(我拿出一张5美元的钞票，“不！我喜欢自己付钱。”他没有伸手去拿，小女孩走近窗户，平静地说：“爷爷看不见。”)”可知，老人乐于助人且心态乐观。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第七段“I held out a five-dollar bill, “No! I like to pay my way.” He made no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and said quietly, “Grandpa can’t see it.”(我拿出一张5美元的钞票，“不！我喜欢自己付钱。”他没有伸手去拿，小女孩走近窗户，平静地说：“爷爷看不见。”)”可知，作者原本坚持要付钱，却得知无偿帮助自己的老人是盲人，从情理上推断，作者此刻应会感到羞愧与震惊——羞愧于自己坚持付钱的举动，震惊于盲人老人在暴风雨中帮忙换轮胎的善举。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“They say a cat has nine lives, and I think that possible since I am now living my third life and I’m not even a cat.(他们说猫有九条命，我认为这是可能的，因为我现在过着第三条命，而且我甚至不是猫。)”等内容可知，文章贯穿始终的核心是作者面对生活磨难与疾病困扰时，始终不放弃、保持乐观的心态。“Never Lose Heart (永不灰心)”精准契合这一主旨，适合用作标题。故选C。 二、说明文 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海大学附属中学·期末)We hear “Have a nice day!” every day and everywhere. It may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well. “Have a nice day. Next!” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl in the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out of the door. The words come out in the same tone with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management’s attempt to increase business. The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we don’t know what to say. “Oh, you just had a tooth out? I’m terribly sorry, but have a nice day.” The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you don’t know has tried to be nice to you. Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it’s nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don’t care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like. 1．How does the writer understand Maxie’s words? A．Maxie shows her anxiety to the writer. B．Maxie really wishes the writer a good day. C．Maxie encourages the writer to stay happy. D．Maxie really worries about the writer. 2．What does the sentence “The words come out in the same tone with a fixed procedure” in Paragraph 2 imply? A．The sales girl is getting bored. B．The salesgirl behaves rudely to me. C．The salesgirl cares about me. D．The salesgirl says the words as a routine. 3．By saying “Have a nice day”, the stranger may ______. A．try to be good to you B．express respect to you C．give his blessing to you D．share his pleasure with you 4．In the passage, the author intends to highlight ______. A．the importance of showing grave concern to people every day. B．the mixed meaning of “Have a nice day!” being both sincere and empty. C．the comforting feeling when strangers give friendly greetings. D．techniques for finishing dialogues with the phrase “Have a nice day!” 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章探讨了“Have a nice day”这一表达的多重含义和使用场景。作者通过不同情境下的例子，说明了这句话有时是真诚的关心，有时则是机械化的社交礼仪。尽管在某些场合下这句话可能显得空洞无意义，但它仍然是人们日常交流中常见的一部分，能够帮助人们友好相处。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When my friend Maxie says ‘Have a nice day’ with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me.(当我的朋友马克西微笑着对我说‘祝你今天愉快’时，我知道她是真心关心我的)”可知，作者知道Maxie 说这句花是真诚地关心自己。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中划线句子后的解释“They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management’s attempt to increase business.(这些话是向着我说的，不是对我说的。很明显，对我和其他人今天的关心是管理层增加业务的意图)”可知，作者认为超市售货员说“Have a nice day”时的语气和方式是程序化，是工作要求的，而不是真正关心。所以划线句意思和选项D. The salesgirl says the words as a routine. (售货员把这句话当作例行公事)意思相近。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“If a stranger says ‘Have a nice day’ to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you don’t know has tried to be nice to you.(如果一个陌生人对你说‘祝你有美好的一天’，你可能会觉得很暖心，因为你不认识的人在试图想你示好)”可知，如果一个陌生人对你说“Have a nice day”，他应该是试图表示对你友好。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“We hear ‘Have a nice day!’ every day and everywhere. It may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression.(我们每天都听到‘祝你今天愉快！’，无处不在。它可能是一个令人愉快的表达，也可能是一个毫无意义的表达)”可知，这是本文的主旨句，文章通过不同场景展示了“Have a nice day”这句话既可以是真诚的关心，也可以是空洞的客套。作者意在强调这句话的双重含义。故选B项。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海建平中学·期末)What is the serial or Oxford comma? The serial, also called the Oxford comma, is used before the concluding conjunction (and, or) that marks the final item in a list of three or more items. It appears after the second-last element in a series. EXAMPLE: We had cats, dogs, and horses on the farm. EXAMPLE: Would you like tea, coffee, or sparkling water? When to use Using the serial comma is optional, except when not using it would result in confusion. ✘Confusing: My favorite people are my sisters, Lady Gaga and Beyoncé. Unless your sisters are the two famous singers, use a serial comma. ✔Better: My favorite people are my sisters, Lady Gaga, and Beyoncé. ! CAUTIONBe careful to place the comma correctly. It doesn't always go before the final and. EXAMPLE: Paul ordered milk, toast, and eggs and bread. The final item is “eggs and bread,” so the comma goes before it. Differences in academic, creative, and news writing ●In academic and other formal writing, where it is important to convey exact meaning, the serial comma is generally preferred. ●In news copy, where space is precious, the serial comma is generally omitted. ●In creative writing, where rhythm and cadence are more important, the serial comma is often omitted (though some writers may prefer it, and that is perfectly fine as long as it is used consistently). ✔For ✘Against (or flexible) AMA (American Medical Association): “Use a comma before the conjunction that precedes the last term in a series.” APA (American Psychological Association): “Use a comma between elements (including before and and or) in a series of three or more items.” Oxford University Press: “Given that the final comma is sometimes necessary to prevent ambiguity, it is logical to impose it uniformly.” AP (Associated Press): “Use commas to separate elements in a series, but do not put a comma before the conjunction in a simple series.” Cambridge University Press: “In British practice there's an Oxford/ Cambridge divide[with Oxford in favor and Cambridge against].” The Guardian: “Straightforward [lists]… do not need [an Oxford comma], but sometimes it can help the reader.” 1．Which of the following statements is true about the Oxford comma? A．The serial comma is before the last “and” in a sentence. B．There's no strict rule for the use of serial comma in poems. C．Mainstream press companies are against the use of the Oxford comma. D．Academic writing uses the Oxford comma to keep the text short. 2．Which of the following statements is correct according to the article? A．This sentence is grammatically correct: She’s funny, caring and smart. B．This sentence is clear and correct: The girl at e some broccoli, peas, and bread, and butter. C．This sentence contains an Oxford comma: She loves the shells, the waves, the sunshine and the shoreline. D．This sentence clearly conveys that your parents are a doctor and a teacher: My parents, a doctor, and a teacher, inspired me to become a writer. 3．If you were an editor, which of the following sentences would you consider stylistically correct? A．Sentence: Every Friday, be the first to see reviews, news, and features.  Source: The New York Times B．Sentence: The rucksack didn’t contain any significant clues: just some bread, a bottle of Fanta, a bottle of water and a pair of trainers.  Source: “The Mystery of the Man Who Fell from the Sky,” The Guardian (April 15,2021) C．Sentence: Bacteria play a major role in bodily functions, including immunity, digestion and protection against disease.  Source: from an article in Clinical Microbiology Reviews D．Sentence: She represents love, beauty, purity, the ideal female and the moon. She’s the mystère of love, perpetual help, goodwill, health, beauty, and fortune.  Source: On Beauty (2005) by novelist Zadie Smith 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 【导语】这篇文章属于知识讲解类说明文，旨在清晰阐释牛津逗号这一标点符号的相关知识，包括其定义、用法场景、在不同写作领域的使用差异以及各权威机构对其态度，帮助读者全面了解牛津逗号。 1．推理判断题。根据Differences in academic, creative, and news writing部分中“●In creative writing, where rhythm and cadence are more important, the serial comma is often omitted (though some writers may prefer it, and that is perfectly fine as long as it is used consistently). (在创意写作中，节奏和韵律更为重要，序列逗号通常被省略（尽管有些作家可能更喜欢使用它，只要使用一致就完全没问题）。)”以及结合选项可知，诗歌属于创意写作，由此可推断在诗歌中序列逗号（牛津逗号）的使用没有严格规定。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据When to use中“Using the serial comma is optional, except when not using it would result in confusion. (使用序列逗号是可选的，除非不使用会导致混淆。)”可知，“She’s funny, caring and smart.” 此句表达清晰，不使用牛津逗号也不会造成混淆，语法正确。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据Differences in academic, creative, and news writing部分中“●In news copy, where space is precious, the serial comma is generally omitted. (在新闻稿件中，由于空间宝贵，通常省略序列逗号。)”以及结合选项可知，《纽约时报》属于新闻媒体，“Every Friday, be the first to see reviews, news, and features.” 省略了牛津逗号，符合新闻写作风格。故选A项。 Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海彭浦中学·期末)Social media and the Internet are changing the way we eat and cook. First they came for the eggs. Then the feta cheese, caviar, and cucumbers. In some countries, these ingredients even sold out: Iceland experienced a shortage of cucumbers, and feta briefly vanished from grocery-store shelves. The reason for the shortages? Food enthusiasts were eager to recreate viral videos in which these ingredients starred. People who learned to cook in kitchens or through books may scoff at the spread of online-cooking videos. But chefs have long embraced technology to instruct, share their culinary visions and build their careers. In the 1960s-70s Julia Child used television and helped popularize cookbooks, demystifying French food for those cooking at home. Successful online food celebrities “recognize and make a real effort to meet the specific needs of their viewers,” explains Madeline Buxton, culture and trends manager at YouTube. Some viewers want to be entertained; others want to learn, travel or eat vicariously through people more adventurous than they are. Unlike cooking shows on TV, barriers to entry for online-cooking videos are low. Creators who think they have a winning idea do not need to persuade agents, editors and network executives; they can shoot a video themselves on their phone and see if people like it. Established media companies have got in on the act, but the Internet is mostly full of shorter content. Whereas adventurous TikTokers have tried their hand at complex recipes, approachable food tends to perform best: one reason recipes for baked-feta pasta and cucumber salad went viral is that it is easy to melt cheese and slice cucumbers. It also helps to be visually attractive: viral videos tend to show off the texture and crunch of food. Sometimes creators are surprised by which of their videos take off. Mr. DiGiovanni recalls his first popular video, which showed him making a chocolate bar from whole cacao pods; it was “poorly shot: the lighting was messed up; it was overexposed”. But it has attracted almost 14m views. Much as other food creators do, he shows viewers things they would not otherwise see, and he has a good time doing it. This points to an important aspect of online food culture: fun. Julia Child certainly mastered the art of French cooking, and people who followed her recipes may have enjoyed themselves, but she most believed in the haute (高端的) part of haute cuisine. Reverence (崇敬) does poorly in the democratized world of online content, where training, background and even experience matter less than likeability, production value and whether a video makes you want to pick up a pan and start cooking. Now can you please pass the feta? 1．The author cites Julia Child as an example to suggest that ________. A．the current trend of online cooking videos is not an entirely new phenomenon B．the shortages of certain ingredients were a direct result of popular TV shows C．cooking shows on TV have higher barriers for content creators D．television was as important as social media in the spread of culinary culture 2．Which of the following statements might the author most probably agree with? A．A detailed instruction on how to make high-end French cuisine is likely to go viral. B．Ingredients like cucumbers sold out because of the popularization of French food. C．Even respected chefs cannot guarantee that their videos will take off. D．The shorter a food video is, the more likely it is to gain in popularity. 3．What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage? A．The author highlights how modern cooking has been changed by the Internet. B．The author is drawn to the new culture of cooking on social media. C．The author is convinced that feta, as shown in the videos, can enhance the taste of food. D．The author's own culinary experiences haven't been influenced by online cooking videos. 4．Which of the following serves as the best title for the passage? A．From TV to TikTok: The Rise of Influencers B．A Taste of Trends: Culinary Journey Reshaped Online C．A Recipe for Success: How to Create Viral Cooking Videos D．Pass Me the Feta: Growing Appetite for Food Ingredients 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述社交媒体和互联网改变饮食烹饪方式，网络烹饪视频兴起，分析其特点、与传统差异及对烹饪文化的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“People who learned to cook in kitchens or through books may scoff at the spread of online - cooking videos. But chefs have long embraced technology to instruct, share their culinary visions and build their careers. In the 1960s - 70s Julia Child used television and helped popularize cookbooks, demystifying French food for those cooking at home.(那些在厨房或通过书本学习烹饪的人可能会嘲笑在线烹饪视频的传播。但厨师们长期以来一直接受利用技术来指导、分享他们的烹饪理念并成就他们的事业。在 20 世纪 60-70 年代，朱莉娅・查尔德利用电视并帮助推广烹饪书籍，为在家烹饪的人揭开法国美食的神秘面纱。)”可知，作者以朱莉娅・查尔德为例，是为了表明厨师们很早就利用技术来传播烹饪理念，现在在线烹饪视频的流行并非全新现象，故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Sometimes creators are surprised by which of their videos take off. Mr. DiGiovanni recalls his first popular video, which showed him making a chocolate bar from whole cacao pods; it was ‘poorly shot: the lighting was messed up; it was overexposed’. But it has attracted almost 14m views.(有时创作者会对自己哪些视频会走红感到惊讶。迪乔瓦尼先生回忆起他第一个受欢迎的视频，视频中他用整个可可豆荚制作巧克力棒；这个视频‘拍摄得很差：灯光混乱；曝光过度’。但它已经吸引了近 1400 万浏览量。)” 可知，即使是创作者自己都难以预料哪个视频会走红，所以即使是受尊敬的厨师也不能保证他们的视频一定会成功。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。由文章最后一句“Now can you please pass the feta?(现在你能递给我羊乳酪吗？)”并结合前文提到因网络烹饪视频导致某些食材短缺，以及对网络烹饪文化的介绍，可推断作者被社交媒体上的新烹饪文化所吸引，仿佛也沉浸在这种文化氛围中，想要像视频中那样烹饪使用羊乳酪。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Social media and the Internet are changing the way we eat and cook. (社交媒体和互联网正在改变我们的饮食和烹饪方式)”可知，文章主要讲述了社交媒体和互联网改变了人们烹饪和饮食的方式，介绍了网络烹饪视频的兴起、特点以及其对烹饪文化的影响，所以B选项A Taste of Trends: Culinary Journey Reshaped Online(品味潮流：在线重塑的烹饪之旅) 准确概括了文章主旨。故选B项。 Passage 4 (24-25高二上·上海中学·期末)Regret gets a bad press. It is a painful emotion experienced upon realizing that a different decision would have led to a better outcome. And it is something that we strive to avoid. In sharp contrast, our recent research on children’s decision making emphasizes that the ability to experience regret is a developmental achievement associated with learning to make better choices. How does one go about studying regret in children, given that they might not have the term “regret” in their vocabulary? Developmental psychologists ask children to make simple choices between two options. The ability to experience regret can be tested for by asking children to express how they feel about the outcome of their decision on a child-friendly rating scale before and then after they see what they could have won instead. Feeling worse in the light of information about the prize they would have won had they decided differently is interpreted as evidence of regret. Studies using this method show that regret doesn’t emerge until about six years of age and most samples of six-year-olds will contain children who are able to experience regret and children who are not. This means that we can examine the consequences of experiencing regret for decision making in a sample of these children. If regret is involved with learning how to make better decisions then we should see more adaptive decision making in children who experience regret than in those who do not. Adaptive decision making requires decisions that are sensible in the light of the child’s earlier experience. To test this assumption, we ran a two-day procedure. On the first day, children completed the regret task described above. On the second day, we presented children with exactly the same decision that they made the day before. We found that those who experienced regret over their decision the previous day were significantly more likely to make a different choice on day two. This suggests that the role of regret is to help children remember bad choices so that they can be avoided in the future. 1．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To explain why regret is a harmful emotion for children’s development. B．To introduce a research method used in studying children’s emotions. C．To present a negative view of regret and warn people against it. D．To discuss new findings on the positive role of regret in children’s learning. 2．According to the passage, how is regret detected in children during the experiment? A．By asking them to describe their feelings using the word“ regret”. B．By comparing their reported feelings before and after seeing a better alternative. C．By observing whether they change their choice immediately. D．By analyzing their vocabulary related to emotions. 3．The underlined word“ adaptive” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A．quick and hurried B．sensible and experience-based C．random and unchangeable D．repeated and cautious 4．What can be inferred from the two-day experiment? A．Most children cannot experience regret until they are older than six. B．Children who feel regret are less likely to repeat a poor choice. C．The same decision will always be made if children feel regretful. D．Regret helps children remember the exact prize they missed. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了“后悔”这一情绪并非全然负面，重点介绍了研究人员针对儿童“后悔”情绪展开的研究，以及该研究发现“后悔”情绪有助于儿童从错误中学习、做出更合理决策的结论。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“And it is something that we strive to avoid. In sharp contrast, our recent research on children’s decision making emphasizes that the ability to experience regret is a developmental achievement associated with learning to make better choices.(这是我们必须极力避免的情况。与之形成鲜明对比的是，我们最近对儿童决策能力的研究表明，能够产生后悔情绪是一种随着学习做出更好选择而逐渐形成的成长成果。)” 以及全文内容可知，最近关于儿童决策的研究强调，体验后悔的能力是一种发展成就，与学习做出更好的选择有关。因此推断文章主要探讨关于后悔在儿童学习过程中所起积极作用的新研究成果。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The ability to experience regret can be tested for by asking children to express how they feel about the outcome of their decision on a child-friendly rating scale before and then after they see what they could have won instead.(可以通过这样的方式来测试孩子是否具有后悔的能力：先让他们用适合儿童的评分标准表达自己对所做决定结果的感受，然后再让他们看看如果当初做出了不同的选择会有什么结果。)”可知，后悔是通过比较儿童在看到更好的替代选项前后的感受来检测的。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据下文“Adaptive decision making requires decisions that are sensible in the light of the child’s earlier experience.( Adaptive决策需要的是那些基于孩子先前经验而显得合理的决策。)”和“If regret is involved with learning how to make better decisions then we should see more adaptive decision making in children who experience regret than in those who do not. (如果后悔情绪与学会做出更明智的决策有关，那么在那些经历过后悔情绪的孩子中，我们应该会看到他们比那些未曾经历过后悔的孩子更adaptive地做出决策。)”可知，adaptive决策要求根据儿童之前的经验做出明智的决定。因此推断“adaptive”意为“明智且基于经验的”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“We found that those who experienced regret over their decision the previous day were significantly more likely to make a different choice on day two.( 我们发现，那些在前一天对自己的决定感到后悔的人，在第二天更有可能做出不同的选择。)”可知，对前一天的决定感到后悔的儿童在第二天更有可能做出不同的选择 ，因此可推断感到后悔的儿童不太可能重复之前的选择。故选B。 Passage 5 (24-25高二上·上海市西中学·期末)Soon after sunset, a strange clicking fills the air at Hanningfield Reservoir in Essex. Some noises come from bat detectors, which change the high sounds made by bats into ones people can hear. Others come from small counters used by volunteers to count the bats flying out of a building. The noise sounds like experimental electronic music. About 20 years ago, conservationists first noticed soprano pipistrelles — tiny British bats — at Hanningfield. Since then, the colony has grown from around 500 in the early 2010s to over 2,000 today. This is just one example of a wider trend. Bat numbers are rising in Britain, which shows that some environmental laws are working, even if they sometimes make building new homes or roads more difficult. Bats are harder to count than birds because they come out at night and make sounds we can’t hear. But studies of their feeding and roosting (栖息) habits show that nearly all common bat species have increased since the late 1990s. One type, the greater horseshoe bat, has tripled in number. In contrast, many bird populations are still falling. Still, Britain likely has fewer bats than it did in the past. In the 18th century, the naturalist Gilbert White reported seeing hundreds at once over the Thames. But after World War II, poisonous chemicals, bad weather, and modern farming reduced their numbers. Old farm buildings, piles of dry grass, and broken farm machines, once perfect bat homes, disappeared. Because bats live long lives, have only one baby a year, and depend on group homes, losing even one large roost can hurt their numbers for years. Thankfully, strict environmental laws have made these losses rare. British bats also seem less affected by white-nose syndrome, a deadly disease that has wiped out many bats in North America. These days bats have the magical power of blocking housing and infrastructure, or raising its cost. In Norfolk, plans for a new road have been suspended because of rare barbastelle bats. A special bridge for bats along the HS2 railway is costing over £100 million. For a government eager for growth, this is unacceptable. A new law may reduce bat protections, letting developers destroy habitats as long as they pay to restore them elsewhere. For bat protectors, this creates a “licence to kill”. Public attitudes to bats have warmed over the years, though not to the point of adoration. Technology, like better bat detectors, might help more people learn to love them. The better you know something, the more you worry about it. 1．What do we know about the bats at Hanningfield Reservoir? A．Their sounds are being monitored by devices and volunteers. B．Their numbers have grown because of the relaxed regulations. C．They have caused huge disturbances to nearby construction. D．They represent the largest bat colony ever recorded in Britain. 2．Which line chart shows the correct trend of the bats population? A． B． C． D． 3．Why are bats subject to habitat losses? A．Because their natural habitats can keep them from various deadly diseases. B．Because they lose the magical power to protect the modern farm buildings. C．Because individual bats cannot survive without constant group communication. D．Because their low reproduction rate and long lifespan require stability for growth. 4．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage? A．Habitat Loss and Disease: The Ongoing Threats to Bat Survival B．Bats and Technology: How Detectors Are Changing Conservation C．From Past to Present: The Tragic Fate of UK’s Bat Populations D．The Comeback of Bats: A Conservation Success Story with Challenges 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国蝙蝠数量回升的保护成效，同时提及蝙蝠生存仍面临的栖息地等相关挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Some noises come from bat detectors, which change the high sounds made by bats into ones people can hear. Others come from small counters used by volunteers to count the bats flying out of a building.(一些声音来自蝙蝠探测器，它能将蝙蝠发出的高频声音转换为人耳可听见的声音。另一些声音来自志愿者使用的小型计数器，他们用这些计数器来统计从一栋建筑中飞出的蝙蝠数量)”可知，汉宁菲尔德水库的蝙蝠，其声音正被探测设备监测，同时志愿者也在通过计数器对它们进行统计监测。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Still, Britain likely has fewer bats than it did in the past. In the 18th century, the naturalist Gilbert White reported seeing hundreds at once over the Thames. But after World War II, poisonous chemicals, bad weather, and modern farming reduced their numbers.(尽管如此，英国的蝙蝠数量可能还是比过去少。在18世纪，博物学家吉尔伯特·怀特报告说，他在泰晤士河上同时看到了数百只。但在第二次世界大战后，有毒的化学物质、恶劣的天气和现代农业减少了它们的数量)”以及第五段中“Thankfully, strict environmental laws have made these losses rare. (值得庆幸的是，严格的环境法律使这些消失变得罕见)”可知，蝙蝠数量趋势是：18世纪有，二战时最多，之后开始减少，严格的法律实施后开始回升，但到目前其数量还是比以前少。符合该描述的是C选项对应的图表。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Because bats live long lives, have only one baby a year, and depend on group homes, losing even one large roost can hurt their numbers for years.(由于蝙蝠寿命长，每年只产一只幼崽，且依赖群体栖息地生存，即使失去一个大型栖息地，也会在未来几年影响它们的种群数量)”可知，蝙蝠寿命长、繁殖率低且依赖群体栖息地，这就要求它们的生存环境保持稳定，一旦栖息地遭到破坏，就容易出现种群数量受损的情况，所以它们易受栖息地丧失的影响。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Bat numbers are rising in Britain, which shows that some environmental laws are working (英国的蝙蝠数量正在增加，这表明一些环境法规正在发挥作用)”，以及第六段中的“These days bats have the magical power of blocking housing and infrastructure, or raising its cost. In Norfolk, plans for a new road have been suspended because of rare barbastelle bats. A special bridge for bats along the HS2 railway is costing over £100 million. For a government eager for growth, this is unacceptable. A new law may reduce bat protections, letting developers destroy habitats as long as they pay to restore them elsewhere. (如今，蝙蝠竟拥有了阻碍住房与基础设施建设、或抬高其造价的“神奇影响力”。在诺福克郡，一条新建公路的规划因珍稀的长翼蝙蝠而被迫暂停。英国HS2高铁沿线一座专为蝙蝠修建的专用桥梁，耗资已超 1 亿英镑。对于一心渴求发展的政府而言，这样的情况令人无法接受。一项新法案或将削弱对蝙蝠的保护力度，允许开发商破坏蝙蝠栖息地，前提是他们出资在其他地方重建相应栖息地)”可知，文章既讲述了英国蝙蝠数量回升这一保护成功的案例，又阐述了其当下面临的建设阻碍、保护政策可能收紧等挑战。因此最适合的标题是 “蝙蝠的回归：一个伴随着挑战的保护成功故事”。故选D项。 三、议论文 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海松江二中·期末) Daydreaming It seems like every day there’s another study pointing to how this or that modern technology is destroying our ability to focus. But what if the problem is that we are expected to focus too much? By not giving our brains enough downtime, maybe we are actually making the problems worse. Ever since I was a little kid, I have felt guilty about daydreaming. I related to the character Bastian from the movie “The Neverending Story”, when his father demanded, “Get your head down out of the clouds, and keep both feet on the ground!” It is a memorable line that’s repeated throughout the film, as Bastian struggles with the fantastical nature of the story he is involved in. And while I was never directly discouraged from dreaming as a kid, as I’ve gotten older, the notes I’ve gotten from our culture certainly have told me I was wasting my time whenever my head was in the clouds. And yet, it never felt right to shut down that daydreaming. For one, it was too fun. How amazing is it that as humans, we get to go anywhere, do anything, be a different version of ourselves — all safely within our heads? But don’t just take my word for it: In the July, 2012 issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychological scientist Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her colleagues gathered a number of studies and explored them for details about the brain at rest, with some of the results summarized in ScienceDaily. “Findings suggest that individual differences in brain activity during rest are correlated with components of socio-emotional functioning, such as self-awareness and moral judgment, as well as different aspects of learning and memory.” So just like sleeping allows our brains to reorganize and finally work more efficiently, daydreaming may help our mental health, day-to-day. And brain “time-outs” may also help kids learn better (possibly proving wrong those adults who blame kids for daydreaming). “We focus on the outside world in education and don’t look much at inside focused skills and attentions but inside focus impacts the way we build memories, make meaning and move that learning into new contexts,” says Immordino-Yang. For kids who have been taught some version of inner focus, the studies that Immordino-Yang looked at indicated that they are less likely to suffer from high levels of anxiety, perform better on tests, and do a better job of planning for the future. Next time you see a kid (or adult!) staring off into space, remember that they might actually be getting important work done. 1．In the last sentence of the first paragraph, “the problems” refer to ________. A．the problems with the brain health B．the problems with focus C．the problems with modern technology D．the problems with daydreaming 2．Which of the following does NOT belong to the benefits of daydreaming? A．Daydreaming makes life more fascinating. B．Daydreaming helps children improve academic performance. C．Day dreaming is good for kids’ mental health. D．Daydreaming enables adults to have more job opportunities. 3．From the passage, we can infer that ________. A．Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her colleagues draw their conclusion based on other researchers’ studies B．the Movie “The Neverending Story” mainly describes the relationship between Bastian and his father C．the author was warned by her parents that having her head in the clouds was a waste of time D．we should encourage kids to stare off into space as often as possible 4．As an adult, the author now holds a ________ attitude towards daydreaming. A．negative B．supportive C．neutral D．doubtful 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章反驳了白日梦是浪费时间或有害的观点，指出白日梦有助于心理健康和学习，并呼吁重新认识其价值。 1．词句猜测题。画线部分的上文“It seems like every day there’s another study pointing to how this or that modern technology is destroying our ability to focus. But what if the problem is that we are expected to focus too much? (似乎每天都有新的研究指出，某种现代科技正在破坏我们的专注力。但问题是否恰恰在于——我们被要求过度专注了呢)”提到现代科技正在破坏我们的专注力，随后提出另一种观点：问题可能在于我们被要求过度专注，再结合画线部分所在句“By not giving our brains enough downtime, maybe we are actually making the problems worse. (如果不给大脑足够的休息时间，我们可能实际上让问题变得更糟)”可知，the problems指的是与专注力相关的问题。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“For one, it was too fun. How amazing is it that as humans, we get to go anywhere, do anything, be a different version of ourselves — all safely within our heads? (首先，它实在太有趣了。我们人类竟能随心所欲地去任何地方、做任何事情、体验不同版本的自己——而这一切都安全地存在于脑海中，这是多么神奇的能力啊)”和第四段中“For kids who have been taught some version of inner focus, the studies that Immordino-Yang looked at indicated that they are less likely to suffer from high levels of anxiety, perform better on tests, and do a better job of planning for the future. (对于那些接受过某种内在专注力训练的儿童，Immordino-Yang所分析的研究表明：这些孩子出现严重焦虑的几率更低，考试成绩更优异，且更擅长为未来制定计划)”可知，白日梦让生活更有意思，可能帮助孩子学得更好，还有助于心理健康，未提到与成年人工作机会的直接关系。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“psychological scientist Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her colleagues gathered a number of studies and explored them for details about the brain at rest (心理学家Mary Helen Immordino-Yang和她的同事收集了许多研究并进行分析)”可推知，Mary Helen Immordino-Yang和她的同事基于其他研究者的研究得出了结论。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“And yet, it never felt right to shut down that daydreaming. (然而，停止做白日梦并不对)”和最后一段“Next time you see a kid (or adult!) staring off into space, remember that they might actually getting important work done. (下次当你看到孩子，甚至是大人，正望着远处发呆时，请记住——他们可能正在进行某种重要的大脑活动)”可知，作者认为不应该停止做白日梦，应肯定这件事的重要意义，因此态度是支持的。故选B项。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海青浦高级中学·期末)Fear of technological progress is as old as technology itself, especially when it comes to its effect on employment. That is exactly what we are now seeing with automation, which is being described as a threat to the well-being of human beings. It cannot be denied that innovation including automation, disrupts existing industries and in turn the lives of individuals, families and communities. There is a long list of professions that no longer exist because of innovation, including elevator operators, telephone operators, and the list goes on. History, however, shows that we have more reasons for optimism than for fear. First, new technologies often lower costs while improving our overall quality of life. For example, robotic process automation (RPA) software is helping reduce administrative burdens by mimicking human actions and performing repetitive tasks, such as recording data. This automation is most needed in the U. S. health care industry, where the excessive amount of time spent on administrative tasks is causing physician burnout and higher fees. Second, new technologies often create jobs. The greater demand for new products increases demand for workers with the skills to develop, refine and use those goods. It’s true that the rise of new products and industries make older ones obsolete, but the same advancements that eliminated typists and human calculators also gave millions the chance to be developers, programmers, database administrators and broadband engineers. As stated by economist Alex Tabarrok, if technology didn’t create any jobs, “we would all be out of work because productivity has been increasing for two centuries”. And despite the alarmists, disruption doesn’t necessarily translate into social turmoil. Studies show that there is usually a significant lag time between the development and adoption of a given technology — sometimes up to four decades — giving workers time to adjust, gain new proficiencies and find jobs in new industries. Meanwhile, families and communities with higher standards of living thanks to technology are able to help those transitioning in a much more personal and dignifying way than a government-based approach. We should not fall into the trap of looking at a new innovation with the glass half-empty, envisioning a worst-case scenario and failing to account for its net benefits. While automation and innovation can be difficult emotionally and affect people’s livelihoods, top-down policies, such as universal basic incomes or technology bans, suppress the freedom that innovation and human creativity need to flourish. Before we give in to mass hysteria or institute government-led “solutions”, let’s remember the myriad ways that innovation has removed barriers. 1．What causes the doctors to be exhausted in America according the passage? A．Doctors have to take care of too many patients in America. B．Doctors spend too much time on non-professional tasks. C．Doctors have to work harder to earn more and live a better life. D．Doctors have to work long time to compete with new technologies. 2．What does the writer suggest we should do to face the coming automation? A．Wait for the assistance from the government. B．Lower our expectation of the new technology. C．Learn some new skills to work as a programmer. D．Adjust ourselves to be familiar with new industries. 3．Which of the following doesn’t account for our optimistic attitude towards automation? A．Automation can save people a lot of money. B．Automation offers people new job opportunities. C．Automation brings improvement to people life. D．Automation will make old-fashioned jobs disappear. 4．What can we conclude from the passage? A．People used to embrace new technology with their open arms. B．New technology will definitely lead to some social disturbance. C．We should see the whole picture concerning new technology. D．The government is to blame for the problems brought by new technology. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了技术进步，特别是自动化对就业的影响，并指出尽管技术进步可能会颠覆现有行业并影响个人、家庭和社区的生活，但我们有更多理由保持乐观。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“This automation is most needed in the U.S. health care industry, where the excessive amount of time spent on administrative tasks is causing physician burnout and higher fees(美国医疗保健行业最需要这种自动化，在这个行业中，花费在行政任务上的时间过多，导致医生疲惫不堪且费用更高)”可知，美国医生疲惫的原因是在非专业任务（行政任务）上花费了太多时间。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Studies show that there is usually a significant lag time between the development and adoption of a given technology — sometimes up to four decades — giving workers time to adjust, gain new proficiencies and find jobs in new industries.(研究表明，一项特定技术的开发和应用之间通常存在显著的时间差 —— 有时长达四十年 —— 这给了工人时间去调整，获得新技能并在新行业找到工作)”可知，面对即将到来的自动化要去调整，获得新技能并在新行业找到工作，可推理出作者暗示我们要调整自己，熟悉新行业。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“First, new technologies often lower costs while improving our overall quality of life.(首先，新技术通常在降低成本的同时提高我们的整体生活质量)”可知，自动化能节省开支、改善生活，对应A、C选项；根据第四段“Second, new technologies often create jobs.(其次，新技术通常会创造就业机会)”可知，自动化提供新工作机会，对应B选项。而D项“Automation will make old - fashioned jobs disappear.(自动化会使老式工作消失)”并非我们对自动化持乐观态度的原因，相反，这是人们担忧的方面。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“We should not fall into the trap of looking at a new innovation with the glass half - empty, envisioning a worst - case scenario and failing to account for its net benefits.(我们不应陷入悲观看待新创新的陷阱，只设想最坏的情况而忽视其净收益)”可知，我们应该全面看待新技术，既要看到它带来的问题，也要看到它的好处。故选C项。 Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海复旦附中·期末)Ads are everywhere. They are on our trains, they are on our planes, they are wrapped around our automobiles. They are even on the homeless. Yes, really; homeless people have been used as media space by marketers thinking outside the box; charmingly, it’s called “bumvertising”. Still, despite the constant creep of commercialism, there is one final frontier that has, as yet, remained blissfully ad-free: the graveyard. This isn’t to say that death doesn’t sell. On the contrary, posthumous fame is often the most lucrative. In Mark Twain’s play Is He Dead?, an artist fakes his death to increase the value of his work. As one of the characters explains:“A painter has so much more talent when he’s dead. Indeed, the deader he is, the better he is.” However, death normally doesn’t sell consumer brands. Nobody wants to see ads for hamburgers at a crematorium. Or be reminded that the unstoppable march of time means we are all going to die. Death is not aspirational and exploiting loss for money is inappropriate. Well, perhaps it’s not quite clear to everyone that it is. Last week, McDonald’s got a lot of grief for a TV advert that seemingly exploited bereaved children to flog fish sandwiches. More than 150 people complained to the Advertising Standards Authority about the dead dad ad and it has now been pulled with the usual PR fauxpology. “We respect our customers and their money very much and regret implying that a fried fish fillet could replace a father’s love, etc.” McDonald’s execs can take some solace in the fact that they aren’t the only marketing minds to have inexplicably decided that invoking family tragedy would be a winning strategy. In 2015 nationwide aired an ad featuring a drowned child during the Super Bowl. The camera cuts abruptly away to an ominous overflowing bath before reminding you that nationwide can“make safe happen”. And, hey, if safe doesn’t happen then at least you’ ll get some life insurance money. Now, to be clear, I don’t think that the McDonald’s or nationwide ads were made by Machiavellian monsters, cynically mining pain for profit. They were just bad ads created by an industry so high on its own puffery that it truly believes fast food brands have important things to say about bereavement. Nevertheless, there does appear to be a growing trend of brands engaging in griefsplotation. For instance, every time a celebrity dies, there follows a flurry of very bad tweets by companies trying to muscle their brand into the conversation. When Prince died last year, for example, Cheerios tweeted “Rest in peace” on a purple background — with a cheerio replacing the dot above the“i”. Fans were not impressed and Cheerios quickly deleted the tweet. But Homebase didn’t even bother making it look as if they cared about anything other than promoting themselves. Brands aren’t just leveraging celebrity deaths for product placement; national tragedies also make great content opportunities. Who could forget AT&T’s twin towers tweets? In 2013, the telecommunications company posted a tweet on 11 September that showed someone holding a phone up over the Tribute in Light memorial in New York City with the caption “Never Forget”. And, after the Boston Marathon bombing in 2013, the food website Epicurious tweeted:“In honor of Boston... may we suggest: wholegrain cranberry cones!” Shoehorning your brand into a social media conversation about a tragedy may be tasteless but it is a fairly rudimentary form of griefsplotation. Far more insidious is the way in which brands are now using our personal data to target us at the moments when we’ re feeling most vulnerable. Facebook has told advertisers it can identify when teenagers are feeling “stressed”, “defeated”, “overwhelmed”, “anxious” and “useless”, for example. It has also explicitly furnished advertisers with advice on how best to exploit — sorry, I mean “help” — people dealing with the grief of a breakup. Facebook’s research explains that heartbreak is the ideal marketing opportunity for those in the travel business: in the month after a newly single Facebook user has announced their breakup, there is an “increase of 25% more travel-related purchases”. Apparently “travel therapy has replaced retail therapy”: 55% of people surveyed by Facebook said that travelling after their breakup helped them move on, while only 8% of people said that shoes helped them move on. To be honest, some of these people probably just aren’t buying the right shoes. I mean, if you get boots that are made for walking, then that’s just what they’ll do. Anyway, if you break up with someone and find yourself suddenly bombarded with online ads for Virgin Holidays, this is probably why. Facebook is trying to help you heal. They care. They don’t want grief to consume you, they want you to consume your way out of grief. It’s really very sweet of them. At the very least, it’s better than a slap in the face with a wet filet of fish. 1．In the passage the author quoted Mark Twain’s play Is He Dead? to ________. A．remind us that the deader a person is, the better he is remembered B．give us an example that death can be used to promote selling brands C．illustrate that posthumous fame might be used to make more profits D．tell us that an artist could make more money after death 2．The expression “with the usual PR fauxpology” (para. 3) is used to ________. A．show McDonald’s sincere apology to the public after the incident B．reveal the particular PR posture with the marketing mind behind C．display the marketing minds of ever expanding commercialism D．criticise the practice of using family tragedy to promote brands 3．What is the writer’s attitude towards the issue discussed in the passage? A．Matter-of-fact, indifferent and neutral. B．Critical, cynical and satirical. C．Humorous, joking and explanatory. D．Lamenting and pessimistic. 4．Which of the following is NOT the example of griefsplotation? A．Consumer brands being sold with homeless people as media space. B．Involving in a social media conversation about a tragedy. C．Personal data being used to target people when they feel most vulnerable. D．Using celebrity deaths for product placement. 5．What can be concluded from the passage about Facebook? A．It promotes the use of travel therapy to replace retail therapy. B．It is quite helpful to cure people’s emotional wounds or grief. C．It can help advertisers identify teenager depression. D．It discovers more and more marketing opportunities for advertisers. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了“悲痛营销”现象，即品牌借名人离世、国家悲剧及个人脆弱时刻推广产品，作者对此持批判态度。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“This isn’t to say that death doesn’t sell. On the contrary, posthumous fame is often the most lucrative. In Mark Twain’s play Is He Dead?, an artist fakes his death to increase the value of his work. (这并不是说死亡不能用来赚钱。相反，死后的名声往往是最有利可图的。在马克・吐温的戏剧《他活着，还是死了?》中，一位艺术家为了提高作品价值而伪造死亡)”可知，作者引用该戏剧是为了举例说明死后名声可被用来获取更多利润。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“More than 150 people complained to the Advertising Standards Authority about the dead dad ad and it has now been pulled with the usual PR fauxpology. “We respect our customers and their money very much and regret implying that a fried fish fillet could replace a father’s love, etc.” (超过 150 人向广告标准局投诉了这则“已故父亲”广告，该广告现已下架，并伴有常见的公关虚假道歉。“我们非常尊重我们的客户和他们的钱，对于暗示一份炸鱼排可以取代父亲的爱等内容感到遗憾。”)”可知，usual PR fauxpology揭示了背后带有营销思维的特定公关姿态，并非真诚道歉。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“They were just bad ads created by an industry so high on its own puffery that it truly believes fast food brands have important things to say about bereavement. (它们只是一个行业制作的糟糕广告，这个行业过于自负，以至于它真的相信快餐品牌对丧亲之痛有重要的看法)”、第六段“Shoehorning your brand into a social media conversation about a tragedy may be tasteless but it is a fairly rudimentary form of griefsplotation. (将你的品牌强行植入关于悲剧的社交媒体对话中可能很无礼，但这是一种相当初级的悲痛营销形式)”及第七段“It’s really very sweet of them. (他们真是太“贴心”了)”等反讽表述可知，作者态度是批判、愤世嫉俗且带讽刺意味的。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Yes, really; homeless people have been used as media space by marketers thinking outside the box; charmingly, it’s called “bumvertising”. (是的，真的；有创意的营销人员将无家可归者用作媒体空间；说得好听点，这被称为“流浪汉广告”)” 可知，A项是“流浪汉广告”，并非“悲痛营销”。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据第七段“Facebook has told advertisers it can identify when teenagers are feeling “stressed”, “defeated”, “overwhelmed”, “anxious” and “useless”, for example. It has also explicitly furnished advertisers with advice on how best to exploit — sorry, I mean “help” — people dealing with the grief of a breakup. Facebook’s research explains that heartbreak is the ideal marketing opportunity for those in the travel business: in the month after a newly single Facebook user has announced their breakup, there is an “increase of 25% more travel-related purchases”.  (例如，脸书告诉广告商，它可以识别青少年何时感到“压力”、“失败”、“不堪重负”、“焦虑”和“无用”。它还明确地向广告商提供了如何最好地利用——对不起，我的意思是“帮助”——那些正在处理分手悲伤的人的建议。脸书的研究解释说，心碎是)”可知，脸书为广告商发现了越来越多的营销机会。故选D项。 Passage 4 (25-26高二上·上海复旦大学附属中学·校考)On holiday, many will find themselves in places where they do not speak the language. Once upon a time, they might have carried a phrasebook. The rise of English has made that less necessary. But most people — at least seven of the world’s eight billion — still do not speak English. That leaves options like pantomime, a willingness to be surprised by what arrives at dinner — or, increasingly, technology. More and more people are using simple, free tools, not only to decode text but also to speak. With these apps’ conversation mode, you talk into a phone and a spoken translation is heard moments later; the app can also listen for another language and produce a translation in yours. You may still get a surprise or two. Google Translate may be the best-known name in machine translation, but it often blunders. Take“my wife is gluten-free,” the kind of thing you might say at a restaurant abroad. In French or Italian, Google Translate renders this as“my wife is without gluten”—true to the words rather than the meaning. DeepL, a rival, does better, offering various options, most of them along the correct lines. The best tool may not be a translation app at all. Though not marketed for the purpose, ChatGPT, a generative AI system that churns out prose according to users’ prompts, is multilingual. Rather than entering an exact text to translate, users can tell ChatGPT to “write a message in Spanish to a waiter that my wife and I would like the tasting menu, but that she is gluten-free, so we would like substitutions for anything that has gluten.” And out pops a perfect paragraph, including the way Spanish-speaking speakers actually say “my wife is gluten-free”: mi esposa es celíaca. It is a paraphrase rather than a translation, more like having a native-speaking dinner companion than an automated interpreter. Travel has long been a motivator for study — unless people start to feel AI tools offer a good-enough service. Some are concerned that apps are turning language acquisition into a dwindling pursuit. Douglas Hofstadter, a polyglot (通晓多门语言的人), has argued that something profound will vanish when people talk through machines. He describes giving a halting, difficult speech in Mandarin, which required a lot of work but offered a sense of accomplishment at the end. Who would boast of taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest? Others are less worried. Most people do not move abroad or have the kind of sustained contact with a foreign culture that requires them to put in the work to become fluent. Nor do most people learn languages for the purpose of humanising themselves or training their brains. On their holiday, they just want a beer and the spaghetti carbonara without incident (and sometimes without gluten). As AI translation becomes an even more popular labour-saving tool, people will split into two groups. There will be those who want to stretch their minds, immerse themselves in other cultures or force their thinking into new pathways. This lot will still take on language study, often aided by technology. Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and puzzlement, as they might with extreme endurance sports: “Good for you, if that’s your thing, but a bit painful for my taste.” 1．According to the passage, what is a key advantage of ChatGPT over dedicated translation apps like Google Translate? A．It can process and translate spoken dialogue in real-time. B．It is specifically marketed and designed for travel purposes. C．It supports a significantly wider array of languages than its competitors. D．It understands and conveys the intent behind a request, not just the words. 2．What can be inferred from Douglas Hofstadter’s analogy of “taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest”? A．The goal of language learning, like climbing a mountain, should be the practical outcome rather than the process itself. B．People who use AI for communication will eventually develop a dependency on it, similar to relying on transportation. C．The core meaning of a difficult achievement lies in the personal struggle and effort, which is devalued by using AI tools. D．AI translation, like a helicopter, is a technological marvel that makes challenging goals achievable for a wider range of people. 3．Which of the following best describes the author’s likely view on the future impact of AI translation? A．It will transform language acquisition from a practical skill into an intellectual exercise. B．It will create a divide in the language learners for practical needs and for deeper engagement. C．It will ensure that cross-cultural communication is perfectly accurate and free of surprises. D．It will eventually make the professions of human interpreters and translators redundant. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Universal Translator: The Promise and Limitations of AI Translation B．Beyond Phrasebooks: How Technology is Reshaping Global Communication C．The Polyglot’s Dilemma: Preserving Linguistic Depth in an Age of Automation D．The Price of Convenience: AI and the Changing Motivation for Language Learning 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要探讨了AI翻译技术的发展及其对人们语言学习动机、跨文化交流方式带来的影响，分析了不同人群对AI翻译的态度和未来可能出现的人群分化。 1．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“Rather than entering an exact text to translate, users can tell ChatGPT to “write a message in Spanish to a waiter that my wife and I would like the tasting menu, but that she is gluten-free, so we would like substitutions for anything that has gluten.” And out pops a perfect paragraph, including the way Spanish-speaking speakers actually say “my wife is gluten-free”: mi esposa es celíaca.(用户无需输入确切文本进行翻译，只需告诉 ChatGPT‘用西班牙语给服务员写一条信息，说明我和妻子想要品鉴菜单，但她谷蛋白不耐受，所以希望替换掉任何含谷蛋白的食物’。随后就会生成一段完美的文字，其中包含了西班牙语使用者实际表达‘我妻子谷蛋白不耐受’的说法：mi esposa es celíaca。)” 可知，ChatGPT 能够理解用户请求背后的意图，而非仅仅直译文字，这是它相较于谷歌翻译等专门翻译应用的关键优势，故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据原文第五段“He describes giving a halting, difficult speech in Mandarin, which required a lot of work but offered a sense of accomplishment at the end. Who would boast of taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest? (他描述了自己用普通话进行一场结结巴巴、颇具难度的演讲的经历，这需要付出大量努力，但最终带来了成就感。谁会吹嘘自己乘直升机登上珠穆朗玛峰之巅呢？)” 可知，Douglas Hofstadter认为语言学习的核心价值在于付出努力的过程和最终的成就感，而AI工具会让这种努力和成就感贬值，就像乘直升机登顶珠峰无法体现登山的真正意义一样，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“As AI translation becomes an even more popular labour-saving tool, people will split into two groups. There will be those who want to stretch their minds, immerse themselves in other cultures or force their thinking into new pathways. This lot will still take on language study, often aided by technology. Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and puzzlement(随着 AI 翻译成为更受欢迎的省力工具，人们将分为两类。一类人想要拓展思维、沉浸于其他文化或迫使自己的思维进入新的领域，他们仍会进行语言学习，且常常借助技术的帮助。另一类人则会带着钦佩和困惑的复杂心情看待学习新语言这件事)”可知，作者认为AI翻译未来会导致语言学习者出现分化：一类为深度参与文化等目的学习，另一类为实用需求依赖AI，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第五段“Travel has long been a motivator for study — unless people start to feel AI tools offer a good-enough service. Some are concerned that apps are turning language acquisition into a dwindling pursuit.(长期以来，旅行一直是学习的动力——除非人们开始觉得AI工具提供了足够好的服务。一些人担心这些应用正在让语言学习成为一项日渐式微的追求。)” 和最后一段对人群分化的分析，可知文章核心围绕AI翻译带来的便利性及其对人们语言学习动机的改变展开，探讨了不同人群的态度，D项“便利的代价：人工智能和语言学习动机的变化”可概括文章主旨。故选D。 Passage 5 (24-25·复旦大学附属中学·校考)“Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science.   To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods.   But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.   What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic probably shares.   One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.   Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.   Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 1．According to Paragraph 3, “some fretting and friction” refers to the fact that methodological reformers ______. A．feel reluctant to reflect on themselves B．are unable to provide valuable work C．don’t offer constructive criticisms D．meet with harsh personal attacks 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE about the “assume you are wrong” strategy? A．It will make scientific conclusions less reliable. B．It can enhance the public’s understanding of science. C．It may lead to an increase in the motivation of scientists. D．It can promote a positive interpretation of criticisms. 3．According to the passage, what is the author most likely to agree on? A．Nosek’s strategy has been proven to improve scientific outcomes and decision-making. B．The scientific community should reject untested hypotheses to avoid misleading the public. C．Nosek’s emphasis on cognitive modesty holds potential for collective progress in science. D．Scientists are advised to adopt the same perspectives to achieve the “sense of community”. 4．______ best fits the “assume you are wrong” strategy. A．Encouraging business leaders to always trust their instincts in making decisions B．Promoting a culture where teachers actively seek feedback to improve teaching C．Training politicians to be more defensive about their policies to avoid admitting faults D．Advising journalists to stick to their narratives despite opposing views 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文围绕心理学教授布莱恩・诺塞克（Brian Nosek）提出的“假设自己错误”策略展开，探讨其在科学领域的意义与争议。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways.( 方法论改革家说了很多难听的话，也说了很多关于他们的坏话。很少有人喜欢自己毕生工作的价值受到质疑。另一方面，很少有人善于以善意和建设性的方式提出批评。)”可知，第三段提到，方法论改革伴随“fretting and friction”，具体表现为“Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers”（改革者被他人恶语相向，彼此间也有恶言）。这表明改革者面临严厉的人身攻击。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic probably shares.( 假设你是对的，可能是一种激励力量，维持进行科学工作所需的巨大努力。但这也很容易将批评解读为人身攻击。相反，从假设你是错的开始，批评更容易被解释为如何减少错误的建设性建议-这可能是你的批评者的共同目标。)”可知，第四段指出，假设自己错误能将批评视为“constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong(建设性改进建议)”，而非人身攻击。这与积极解读批评的策略一致。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.( 尽管存在这些担忧，但我喜欢诺塞克的建议，因为它建立了认知上的谦卑，以及我们可以做得更好的感觉。它还建立了一种社区意识——当我们做错事的时候，我们都在同一条船上。)”可推知，根据文章，作者最可能同意的观点是认知谦逊有望推动科学集体进步。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together.( 不幸的是，这仍然给我们留下了一个未经检验的假设：假设一个人是错的，可以使社会规范变得更好，并最终支持更好的科学，甚至可能是更好的生活决策。我不知道这是不是真的。事实上，我应该假设这是错的。但是有了科学界和我们最好的方法论工具的帮助，我希望我们能一起减少错误。)”可推知，“assume you are wrong”策略的核心是主动接纳批评、寻求改进。选项B中教师通过反馈优化教学，体现了这一理念。故选B项。 四、应用文 Passage 1 Four Hotels That Will Make Your Life Easier For the business traveler who’s all about efficiency: check out these hotels that will get you in and out with minimum trouble. When you’re pressed for time on a business trip, nothing can infuriate you more than a slow hotel check-in process. On your next trip, try these hotels that offer a speedier check-in process.1. Yotel New York The self-service kiosks at this high-tech New York hotel are open 24/7 and work just like the ones you’d see at an airport. There are just five-steps to register and obtain your card key. There’s even a robotic luggage bellboy. You tap in the number of bags you’re carrying and sizes, then wait for a robot arm to swing down and store your luggage in a locker (say, for a day trip). This also speeds up the check-in process if the first thing you need to do, like me, is head to a series of meetings.2. Marriott Detroit Airport Another option for business travelers in a hurry: Marriott is rolling out its mobile check-in app to 325 hotels this year, including the Marriott Detroit Airport hotel. (I’ve tested the app itself but not for a real visit quite yet.) Here is the basic idea: you download the iPhone or Android app. The night before, you can “check-in” virtually. When you arrive, you get an alert that the room is ready and your key, which is already tied to your reservation, is waiting for you at the desk.3. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis I happened to stay at this hotel recently and liked how fast the kiosk check-in works. Like the Yotel, the kiosk asks you to insert your credit card, similar to an airport terminal. The whole process took about three minutes. When I left, I was equally impressed with the fast check-out. An agent meets you in the lobby with an iPad and asks for an email to use for a receipt. The big advantage: you never have to wait in line.4. Radisson LaCrosse The Radisson is trying to make the kiosk process even faster. At a few select hotels like the Radisson Lacrosse in Wisconsin, you use a mobile app to register and then receive a barcode by email or text. When you get to the kiosk, you can scan the barcode to get your key without any other steps required. It’s super fast. You can find this new check-in system at the Radisson hotels in Salt Lake City, Seattle, and Phoenix as well. 1．What does the word “infuriate” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．To annoy. B．To remind. C．To amuse. D．To impress. 2．In which two hotels can customers check in before they physically arrive at the front desk? A．Yotel New York and Marriott Detroit Airport. B．Marriott Detroit Airport and Radisson LaCrosse. C．Marriott Detroit Airport and Hyatt Regency Minneapolis. D．Hyatt Regency Minneapolis and Radisson LaCrosse. 3．Travis is a traveler, who is very particular about efficiency but is concerned about privacy leakage when checking-in online. He plans to stay at a hotel for one night and leave first thing in the morning for a tour of the city. He would come back to the hotel and pick up his belongings at dusk. Which of following hotel best meets his needs? A．Yotel New York. B．Marriott Detroit Airport. C．Hyatt Regency Minneapolis. D．Radisson LaCrosse. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍四家能为商务旅行者提供高效入住服务的酒店，及其各自快速办理入住的方式。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“When you’re pressed for time on a business trip, nothing can infuriate you more than a slow hotel check-in process.(当你在商务旅行中时间紧迫时，没有什么比缓慢的酒店入住流程更能infuriate你了。)”可知，时间紧迫时，缓慢的入住流程会让人恼火，所以划线单词与“让人恼火”意义相近。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据Marriott Detroit Airport部分中的“The night before, you can “check-in” virtually. (前一天晚上，你可以“虚拟入住”。)”以及Radisson LaCross部分中的“At a few select hotels like the Radisson Lacrosse in Wisconsin, you use a mobile app to register and then receive a barcode by email or text. When you get to the kiosk, you can scan the barcode to get your key without any other steps required.(在威斯康星州的Radisson Lacrosse等少数精选酒店，你可以使用移动应用程序注册，然后通过电子邮件或短信收到一个条形码。当你到达自助服务机时，只需扫描条形码就能拿到钥匙，无需其他步骤。)”可知，Marriott Detroit Airport和Radisson LaCrosse这两家酒店的顾客可以在实际到达前台前办理入住。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据题意，Travis注重效率，担心在线入住泄露隐私，计划住一晚，早上先离开去游览城市，傍晚回来取行李。根据Yotel New York部分中的“The self-service kiosks at this high-tech New York hotel are open 24/7 and work just like the ones you’d see at an airport. There are just five-steps to register and obtain your card key. There’s even a robotic luggage bellboy. You tap in the number of bags you’re carrying and sizes, then wait for a robot arm to swing down and store your luggage in a locker (say, for a day trip).(这家高科技纽约酒店的自助服务机全天候开放，功能就像你在机场看到的那些一样。注册并获取房卡只需五步。甚至还有一个机器人行李服务生。你输入携带的行李数量和尺寸，然后等待机械臂摆动下来，将你的行李存放在储物柜中（比如一日游时）。)”可知，Yotel New York通过自助服务机办理入住，无需在线操作，能保护隐私，且有行李储存服务，符合Travis的需求。故选A项。 Passage 2 The card worth paying for THE SHOPIt is a membership card that is offered by THE SHOP Shopping Mall. The annual membership offers fascinating pleasure, discounts, and member benefits. There is also the chance to exchange with like-minded persons. With the card, you enjoy these benefits and more! - free parking during off-peak hours for all members - free parking during peak hours for Gold and Diamond members -discounts from all merchants within THE SHOP for Diamond members -offers from selected merchants- for Gold and Silver members -monthly free brunch for all THE SHOP card members -complimentary foot reflexology (足疗)with $300 spent in a single receipt Enjoy 35% discount on card fee if you apply before 15 August! Additional 5% discount if you are a Marchbank Gold card holder! Diamond Class Length Feees 1 year $3,000 2 years $5,000 Gold Class 1 year $1,800 2 years $3,300 Silver Class 1 year $1,200 2 years $2,000 For more information, please visit www.theshop.comorcall our customer service officers at 61234567. Alternatively you may come down to THE SHOP and speak with our card consultants who will have the pleasure of discussing the details with you. Off-peak hours: 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Weekdays except public holidays. Peak hours: All Other times and days. 1．THE SHOP card offers _____. A．discounts at all shops B．free parking at all hours for all members C．free brunch for all members once a month D．foot reflexology with $800 spent within a single month 2．A Marchbank gold card holder who applies on August 5 pays ______ for a two-year diamond membership card. A．$3,087.5 B．$2,000 C．$3,000 D．$3,250 3．An interested customer may find out more information by _____. A．calling up card consultants B．reading the receipt C．visiting the Marchbank officers D．visiting the website 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了THE SHOP会员卡的一些办理信息。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“monthly free brunch for all THE SHOP card members(所有THE SHOP卡会员每月免费享用早午餐)”可知，该卡每月为所有会员提供一次免费早午餐。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“Enjoy 35% discount on card fee if you apply before 15 August! Additional 5% discount if you are a Marchbank Gold card holder! (8月15日前申请，可享35%的卡费折扣！如果您是三月银行金卡持卡人，可享受5%的折扣！)”以及表格中两年钻石卡费用无五千美元，可知，Marchbank金卡持有者于8月5日申请两年钻石卡的费用是5000×(1-35%)×(1-5%)=3087.5美元。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“For more information, please visit www.theshop.comorcall our customer service officers at 61234567.( 欲了解更多信息，请访问www.theshop.comorcall我们的客户服务人员61234567)”可知，客户可通过参观网站获取更多信息。 故选D。 Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海师范大学附属中学宝山分校、闵行分校·期末) Max Flannel is back to struggle with your workplace headaches. Q1: Dear Max, I am a 23-year-old social-media marketer who has only recently been required to return to the office. I had been told that the office would be great for having water cooler conversations. My office doesn’t seem to have a water cooler. What should I do? Al: Now you ask, I’m not really even sure what a water cooler is. But the basic idea is to find a place where you know colleagues are bound to go regularly and where you can engage in light conversation about whether they saw anything good on TV last night. My advice is to hang around any tap and you should meet colleagues fairly regularly. Q2: I have just been promoted into a senior role. I have noticed that many of my new peers like to open meetings with small personal anecdotes about something that happened to them that day-a minor cycling accident, say, or a chance encounter with an old acquaintance. It seems to be a way of getting people to relax a bit. The trouble is that nothing interesting ever seems to happen to me. What should I do? A2: I wouldn’t worry too much.Those stories are mostly made-up and all deliberately boring. No executive ever opens a meeting talking about how they woke up in their own clothes but in a  total stranger’s apartment. The goal is only to put people at their ease by making the speaker seem  faintly human.Just say exactly what you put in your message above and then make your face go a  bit vulnerable. That should do the trick. Q3: I can never time my interjections correctly. If I try to judge when a speaker is about to stop talking, I either break in too early and end up apologizing for interrupting, or am a beat too slow and someone else grabs the floor. Do you have any tips? A3: There are only three ways to handle this common problem. One is to start so loudly that everyone immediately gives way. You may come up against a fellow-shouter and then it’s just a battle of nerves: who is going to give way? The second is to raise your hand and wait you’ll get your turn eventually and be listened to. The third is to get promoted. If you are senior enough, I t doesn’t matter how ridiculous a point you are making; everyone gives way. Keep sending me your problems, and enjoy the break! 1．How does Max Flannel suggest the social-media marketer engage in water cooler-like conversations at the office? A．By installing a water cooler in the office. B．By asking colleagues directly about their TV watching habits. C．By finding a place where colleagues gather regularly. D．By avoiding such conversations since the office doesn’t have a water cooler. 2．What does the underlined phrase "rab the floor" in Q3 probably mean? A．solve problems voluntarily B．take the initiative to speak first C．keep silence during a conversation D．deliberately interrupt others’speech 3．Which of the following statements might Max Flannel agree with most? A．It’s harmful for supervisors to look vulnerable in front of others. B．You don’t need a real water cooler to have a water cooler conversation. C．Getting promoted is the best way to avoid being interrupted at corporate meetings. D．It’s advisable to make up some engaging stories about yourself to increase your popularity. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了一系列关于职场问题的提问和相应的回答。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But the basic idea is to find a place where you know colleagues are bound to go regularly and where you can engage in light conversation about whether they saw anything good on TV last night. My advice is to hang around any tap and you should meet colleagues fairly regularly.(但基本的想法是找一个你知道同事们一定会经常去的地方，在那里你可以轻松地谈论他们昨晚是否看了什么好看的电视节目。我的建议是，在任何一个水龙头附近闲逛，你应该定期与同事见面。)”可知，Max Flannel建议社交媒体狂人找一个同事定期聚会的地方进行类似于饮水机的对话。故选C项。 2．词义猜测题。根据第六段中“If I try to judge when a speaker is about to stop talking, I either break in too early and end up apologizing for interrupting, or am a beat too slow…(如果我试着判断一个演讲者什么时候会停止讲话，要么我打断得太早，最后为打断别人而道歉，要么我太慢了……)”由此可知，此处为别人会抢着发言。故划线的短语“grab the floor”可能的意思是“主动发言”。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Now you ask, I’m not really even sure what a water cooler is. But the basic idea is to find a place where you know colleagues are bound to go regularly and where you can engage in light conversation about whether they saw anything good on TV last night. My advice is to hang around any tap and you should meet colleagues fairly regularly.(现在你问了，我都不知道饮水机是什么。但基本的想法是找一个你知道同事们一定会经常去的地方，在那里你可以轻松地谈论他们昨晚是否看了什么好看的电视节目。我的建议是，在任何一个水龙头附近闲逛，你应该定期与同事见面。)”可推知，Max Flannel同意的是：你不需要一个真正的饮水机来进行饮水机旁交谈。故选B项。 Passage 4 Public Events at the Library of Congress The Library of Congress offers these events to the public at its Washington location free of charge, except where otherwise noted. Schedules are subject to change. Check back to this site for the latest information. Individuals requiring accommodation for this event are requested to submit a request at least five business days in advance by contacting (202) 707-6362 or ADA@loc.govExhibition — World War I: American Artists View the Great War 8:30 am-4:30 pm An exhibition showing how American artists aroused public interest in World War I will open next month at the Library of Congress. “World War I: American Artists View the Great War” will open on Saturday, April 7 in the Graphic Arts Galleries on the ground floor of the Library’s Thomas Jefferson Building. The exhibition is free and is open to the public from Monday to Saturday, 8:30 am to 4:30 pm. It will remain open for a year, closing on April 6, 2018. Location: Jefferson Building, ground floor, Thomas Jefferson Building Contact: (202)707-6021 Event — “Presidential Inauguration Treasures” 10:00 am-3:00 pm The two-week display on inaugural (就职典礼), at the Library of Congress, will feature presidential treasures: the handwritten speeches of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln and collections on the lighter side: menus, dance cards and souvenirs. The display will include newspapers, film clips, a demonstration of online resources and a challenging presidential history quiz. The display is free and open to the public. Location: Mahogany Row A (LJ113), 1st floor, Thomas Jefferson Building Contact: (202)707-2922 Film — The NeverEnding Story (Warner Bros, 1984) 2:00 pm-4:00 pm Bastian Balthazar Bux, a young boy bullied at school, hid himself one day in an old book shop, where he discovers a mysterious book The NeverEnding Story. Location: Packard Campus Theater, Packard Campus Building Contact: (202)707-9994 Concert — Jordi Savall and Hesperion XXI 8:00 pm-10:30 pm Early music star Jordi Savall gathers exceptional performers, classical and traditional, to show the rich musical history of “La Serenissima” over a thousand years of empire. *PRE — CONCERT CONVERSATION 6:30 PM — Whittall Pavilion (no tickets required)* Location: Coolidge Auditorium, ground floor, Thomas Jefferson Building Contact: (202)707-5502 1．According to the article, the public events at the Library of Congress ________. A．are all free and open to the public throughout the year B．are presented in various forms like exhibitions and shows C．are only available for local residents of Washington D．have to be booked at least five days in advance 2．Fans of ancient music are most likely to enjoy events held at ________. A．Jefferson Building, ground floor, Thomas Jefferson Building B．Mahogany Row A (LJ113), 1st floor, Thomas Jefferson Building C．Packard Campus Theater, Packard Campus Building D．Coolidge Auditorium, ground floor, Thomas Jefferson Building 3．What can visitors expect to experience if they arrive at the Library of Congress at noon? A．A collection of artworks depicting World War I. B．A full-length fantasy film. C．A hands-on exhibition under expert guidance. D．A live concert featuring different music performers. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了美国国会图书馆为公众免费提供的各类公共活动信息，包括展览、展示、电影和音乐会等。 1．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Public Events at the Library of Congress(美国国会图书馆公共活动)”及下文列举的“Exhibition — World War I: American Artists View the Great War(展览——第一次世界大战：美国艺术家眼中的大战)”、“Event — “Presidential Inauguration Treasures”(活动——“总统就职珍宝展”)”、“Film — The NeverEnding Story (Warner Bros, 1984)(电影——《永远的故事》（华纳兄弟公司，1984 年）)”和“Concert — Jordi Savall and Hesperion XXI(音乐会——乔迪·萨瓦尔与赫斯佩里恩二十一世纪乐团)”可知，国会图书馆的公共活动以展览、专题展示、电影、音乐会等多种形式呈现。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据Concert — Jordi Savall and Hesperion XXI部分的“Early music star Jordi Savall gathers exceptional performers, classical and traditional, to show the rich musical history of “La Serenissima” over a thousand years of empire.(早期音乐明星乔迪·萨瓦尔聚集了杰出的古典和传统表演者，展示了“La Serenissima”帝国一千多年丰富的音乐历史。)”以及“Location: Coolidge Auditorium, ground floor, Thomas Jefferson Building(地点：托马斯·杰斐逊大楼一楼库利奇礼堂)”可知，喜欢古典音乐的人最有可能在托马斯·杰斐逊大楼一楼库利奇礼堂举办的活动中得到享受。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据Film — The NeverEnding Story (Warner Bros, 1984)部分的“2:00 pm-4:00 pm(下午2点至4点)”以及“Bastian Balthazar Bux, a young boy bullied at school, hid himself one day in an old book shop, where he discovers a mysterious book The NeverEnding Story.(巴斯蒂安·巴尔萨扎·布克斯，一个在学校被欺负的小男孩，有一天躲进了一家旧书店，在那里他发现了一本神秘的书《永远的故事》。)”可知，如果游客中午到达国会图书馆，他们可以期待观看一部完整的奇幻电影。故选B。 Passage 5 (25-26高二上·上海静安区西中学·校考) Every Step Counts, Every Mile Matters! Event: Beijing Marathon — Run for CharityGoal: To raise funds and awareness for children in need in rural Gansu Province. By the Numbers: The 2016 ImpactRunners Participating: 2,000 dedicated charity runners Total Funds Raised: ¥87,000 Children Supported: 590 students from 15 schools Essential Items Provided: Warm winter jackets and school stationery sets Runners’ Stories“Crossing the finish line felt amazing, but knowing why I was running felt even better. My effort helped buy a warm coat for a child who might otherwise be cold in winter. That thought carried me through every kilometer.” ——Teng Lijun, University Student“Training for this after a long workday was tough, but it gave me a powerful sense of purpose beyond my job. It showed me that even a busy professional can contribute to something bigger.” ——Mark Chen, Financial Analyst Beyond the Donation: Ripple EffectsThe initiative aimed to do more than just provide material support. A team of runners visited the schools in Gansu to personally deliver the supplies. They shared stories of their training and the marathon, hoping to inspire the children to pursue their own goals and face challenges with resilience (韧性). The visit ended with fun relay races, where laughter and encouragement were as abundant as the new school supplies. Join the Movement!Want to make a difference in next year’s event? Here’s how you can get involved: ✔Sign up as a charity runner and raise sponsorship. ✔Contribute any amount through our secure online platform. ✔Share our story on social media to help us reach more supporters. Together, we can run towards a brighter future for every child. 1．Wh$