考前押题02 十一选十选词填空进阶练15篇（期末复习专项训练）高二英语上学期沪教版

考前押题02 十一选十选词填空进阶练15篇 一、人与社会 1 二、人与自我 12 三、人与自然 22 一、人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海交大附中·期末)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．back  B．degree  C． demonstrate  D．doubly  E. enough  F. finally G. loyalty  H. promoted  I. relevant  J. turnover  K. unconditional Although many companies offer tuition repayment, most companies only repay employees for classes that are 1 to their position. This is a very limiting policy. A company that repays employees for all college credit courses — whether job related or not — offers a service not only to the employees, but to the entire company. One good reason for giving employees 2 tuition repayment is that it shows the company’s commitment to its employees. In today’s economy, where job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable (可牺牲的), it is important for a company to 3 to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is with concrete investments in them. In turn, this commitment to the betterment of company employees will create greater employee 4 . A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money 5 by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employee 6 , because even employees who don’t take advantage of the tuition repayment program will be more loyal to their company just knowing that their company cares 7 to pay for their education. Most importantly, the company that has an unrestricted tuition repayment program will have higher quality employees. Although these companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their 8 , more often than not, the employee will stay with the company. And even if employees do leave after graduation, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program. Thus, even if the employee leaves upon graduating, throughout those years, the employer will have a more sophisticated, more intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if the employee stays, that education will 9 benefit the company: Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be 10 so the company doesn’t have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside. Open positions can be filled by people who already know the company well. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海交大附中·期末)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．appliance  B．assign  C． consciousness  D．dominance  E. excluded  F. friendliness     G. performance    H. personify    I. qualities    J. stood    K. yelled The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying — first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen 1 what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain circumstances, people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects. Sometimes we see things as human because we are lonely. In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attach 2 to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can alleviate loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been 3 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends — unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human 4 . The phone apparently 5 in for real friends. At other times, we 6 products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents 7 at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and desires”. So how do people 8 traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are associated with 9 . Similarly, people rated cars, clocks and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them — especially in competitive situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles that were up turned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this feature as increasing a car’s 10 . Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海长宁区·期末)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．anxious   B．guarantee   C． ignore   D．linked   E. missed   F. overly G. respectively   H. risks   I. routines   J. serious   K. transported When exercise stops being good for you 150 minutes of exercise. a week: that’s how much we should all be doing. Does this mean that gyms are the best ways to 1 our health? Maybe, but they are not without their own health 2 Recent studies have suggested that some gym-goers’ cleanness requirements leave much to be desired. Bacteria (细菌) that can cause severe illness, such as food poisoning, was found on the surface of gym equipment. Sweat and the increased temperature caused by exercise can help dangerous bacteria grow on the skin, which can be 2 to our clothing. It might not just be the bacteria at a gym that could be harmful. Harmful gym culture may be leading people to feel judged or frightened. In a 2019 US study, over half those surveyed felt 3 when going to the gym. This feeling of being judged, and a(n) 4 competitive atmosphere, could create pressure to over-exercise. The Cleveland Clinic distinguishes between overreaching and over-training. The first is the result of a single instance of exercising too much, which leads to little more than muscle discomfort, while the latter is more long-term and can have more 5 consequences. Over-training has been 6 to injuries, reduced appetite and problems with sleep or weight gain. When exercise becomes a must, it can also be dangerous for our mental health. Wellness writer Taylor Leamey warns that feeling regret at 7 gym sessions or trying to use exercise as a way to control our bodies could be signs that exercise dependency is a problem. Of course, we shouldn’t 8 the fact that exercise can really help our physical and mental health, as long as we can maintain a healthy relationship with it. It’s essential to prioritize both the quality and safety of our exercise 10 Passage 4 (24-25高二上·上海民办文绮中学·期末)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．constantly  B．competitors  C． recognizing  D．exposed  E. assessing F. suffered  G. remarkably  H. risk  I. predicted  J. practice  K. counterparts The long-term impact of peer bullying may be even more severe than that of adult maltreatment, according to a recent study. In a large sample of English children, those 1 to bullying were 60% more likely to develop psychological issues in adulthood than those who had 2 physical, emotional, or sexual abuse. In can while, in a parallel U.S. study, the 3 of mental disorders was nearly four times higher among bullying victims than among those who experienced child abuse. The findings, published in The Lancet Psychiatry, highlight the urgency of 4 bullying as a critical public health concern. While 5 the mental health risks, researchers controlled variables such as gender, family adversity, and socioeconomic status — all potential factors that could affect the outcome. A history of child abuse was 6 associated with a higher risk of mental illness among the American participants, though not so obvious among their British 7 . Nonetheless, in both nations, exposure to bullying 8 poorer mental health outcomes. Figures show that bullied children were 70% more likely to develop depression or to 9 self-harming behaviors than those with a history of family abuse. Overall, the damage caused by bullying 10 emerge in future life. Victims may find themselves repeatedly confused with the same negative thought patterns, years or even decades after the bullying has ended. Passage 5 (25-26高二上·上海复旦附中·期中)Directions: Complete the following two passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that for each passage there is ONE WORD MORE than you need. A．script  B．bagged  C． swipes  D．answering  E. haste  F. recovered  G. rising H. delays  I. strikes  J. masked  K. scale The lessons from the brazen heist (明目张胆的盗窃) at the Louvre It took two 1 thieves just seven minutes to slip through the window of the Galerie d’Apollon, pierce the security glass of two display cabinets using disc cutters, and make off with nine items of Napoleonic and royal jewellery. At 9. 30am on October 19th the pair used a truck-mounted ladder to break in to the Louvre; they left the same way, before escaping on scooters with two accomplices. In their 2 they dropped one looted piece. The heist 3 at the heart of the French state — and of the art world. With nearly 9m visitors in 2024, the Louvre is the most popular museum anywhere. A former royal palace in the historic centre of Paris, it is made up of over 400 galleries, displaying 35,000 works of art. Spanning civilisations from Mesopotamia (美索不达米亚) to Europe, the collection also links France’s royal and imperial past with its republic an present. President Emmanuel Macron called the heist an attack on“our history”. All of the eight items seized, described as“priceless” by French officials, were part of the national collection of crown jewels. Kept in the museum’s most luxurious gilded gallery, they include the emerald-studded necklace and earrings given by Napoleon to Marie-Louise for their wedding in 1810, and a tiara made up of 212 pearls, 1,998 diamonds and 992 rose-cut diamonds belonging to the Empress Eugenie, Napoleon III’s wife. The thieves also 4 a necklace, an earring and a tiara from the sapphire collection. The Louvre has been targeted before — most famously in 1911, when the“Mona Lisa” was stolen — but not on this 5 . Arthur Brand, a Dutch specialist in art theft, compares the heist to the snatching of 13 works of art, including Vermeer’s“The Concert” and Rembrandt’s“Christ in the Storm on the Sea of Galilee”, from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston in 1990. Until now Europe’s biggest post-war museum theft was in Amsterdam in 1991, when criminals made off with 20 paintings including Van Gogh’s “The Potato Eaters”. But “the Louvre is the ultimate heist,” says Mr Brand. “Nobody thought anybody would dare to steal from the Louvre.” The brazenness is worthy of a Hollywood 6 . Indeed in“Lupin”, a hit French crime series, the protagonist 7 a diamond necklace once owned by Marie Antoinette from the museum. In a clever twist, he later reveals that the stolen necklace is actually a replica. In reality, museum theft is surprisingly common. France has witnessed a number of recent heists from smaller museums. An analysis of 40 museum thefts between 1990 and 2022 by Sandra Clopes and Marc Balcells, published in April, classifies five main types of raid. The most common, accounting for 15 of the heists, is a stealth raid: thieves make off with artworks without alerting security agents. “Smash-and-grab” raids, like the one at the Louvre, are the second-most common, accounting for 11 of those analysed. Over half the items taken are paintings; only 4% are jewellery. Less than half are 8 . The Louvre thieves, says an art valuer in Paris, will dismantle the pieces, sell the gold and recut the precious stones. There is no market, he says, for the items themselves. In Paris, minds are now focusing on what went wrong and how to stop it happening again. Gerald Darmanin, the justice minister, said the raid had given“France a dreadful image”. That a truck could be parked outside the Louvre on a busy street on a Sunday morning without raising suspicion is worrying enough; that the thieves could make off with crown jewels despite setting off alarms poses serious questions about the museum’s security. The “trick is to slow thieves down”, says Mr Brand. In most cases, note Ms Clopes and Mr Balcells,“thieves were faster stealing the pieces than the sensors alerting security forces.” In a leaked report France’s national auditor points to“persistent” 9 in deploying modern security equipment in the Louvre. Laurence des Cars, the museum’s director, raised the problem when she took over in 2021. But, as in all public museums, budgets are tight. Rachida Dati, France’s culture minister, talked this week of “40 years of neglect”. Nobody wants to accept responsibility, but the political pressure is 10 for a head to roll. 二、人与自我 Passage 1 (25-26高二上·上海同济附中·期中)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．crucial    B．collapse    C． passion    D．lengthening    E. depend F. refreshed    G. alternative    H. devoted    I. regularly    J. varying    K. delivery Three Ways for Scientists to Manage Their Time Better It is not necessary to become a workaholic to be a good scientist, although scientists often have great 1 for their research, and frequently work long hours. The amount and quality of what you achieve critically 2 on how effectively you manage your time. Here are some tips on how to better manage your time as a scientist. ● Make a plan Consider blocking out your calendar into chunks of time 3 to a specific task. This is particularly important when you are writing a paper or report. Next comes the 4 step of prioritizing. Highlight tasks on your list to signify their urgency. Focus only on one item at a time: the others can wait their turn. This list needs to be updated and reviewed 5 . ● Give yourself a break Taking breaks is good for your brain. Don’t be hard on yourself: you will actually perform better if you take breaks and cultivate a life outside science. This might seem counter-intuitive (违反直觉的) with all those tasks on your list, but solutions to apparently difficult problems can come from a 6 brain — and a brain that can keep things in perspective. During your working day, allow yourself time to think, to be open to new ideas and to chat with others about new methods. Try to avoid looking at your work e-mails when you are not working. They do not need to be answered until the next working day. The world will not 7 if you delay reading some e-mails. ● Don’t try to chase every great idea The other side of permitting yourself time to explore 8 ideas, as well as the suggestions of managers and colleagues, is that you are left with a(n) 9 list of new directions to investigate. Try to distinguish between things that would be nice to have and things that are vital to the 10 of your project, or PhD, on time. Succeeding against the odds and in the face of time pressure is one of the most valuable experiences you can offer to future employer. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·上海建平中学·期末)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．agreement  B．boosting  C． concentrated  D．custom  E. dominant   F. established G. impossibly  H. loss  I. presented  J. subconsciously  K. throwing How a Hotel Gets Its Signature Scent Six years ago, Atelier Cologne (古龙水) founder Sylvie Ganter was offered a challenge: to create a signature scent for the Majestic, a five-star hotel, in celebration of its 100-year anniversary. She had six years of developing and perfecting fragrances (香水) for her consumers. But for a building? “I was at a (n) 1 where to even start,” she recalls. The first step was 2 herself in the hotel. She stayed there over a long weekend, soaking up every detail, like the history (Hemingway was, famously, a longtime resident), the decor, and the overall aesthetic. It crystallized what had felt like a(n) 3 abstract task, allowing her a hope of how she could capture the spirit of the hotel. Once she 4 the mood she wanted to arouse — chic, elegant, and timeless — she turned her attention to the ingredients. “I designed it like I would have for the skin because that’s what I know,” says Ganter. “And then we adapted it so it could be spread out through air conditioning by making it brighter and less 5 . You want something that smells good in the space, not overwhelming.” Finally, “Musc Imperial” was launched at the Majestic in 2015, and soon after, guests demanded it in perfume form. The hotel requested that it be made into an amenities line (洗护用品系列), ending Bulgari’s 6 position as its sole retailer. “Guests may not pay that much attention to the scent, but, 7 , they’re aware it’s there when they walk into the lobby.” She says, “If you bring home the shower gel, it transports you back to the place where you had a really good time.” Which is precisely the whole point of signature scents for hotels: creating an olfactory (嗅觉的) memory that, when 8 again, can trigger nostalgia, ultimately driving repeat business. The 9 between a hotel’s personality and the signature scent is an important one. When there’s a disconnect, it could potentially lead to disastrous results, thus hurting its brand identity. No one will know for certain how a(n) 10 fragrance will be received, but when done right, it enhances the overall experience. For Ganter, it paid off when she dreamed up “Musc Imperial”. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·上海封浜高级中学·期末)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accidentally    B．applying    C． connections   D．defined   E. examples  F. explaining G. reflect     H. thoughtfully    I. trends    J. various    K. called A mathematics teacher asks her students to design a floor plan for a community center, including dance areas and a place for a band. Why? Because such a design will involve several geometric shapes and a/an 1 area, and the students must use what they have studied about the computation of area to make an effective plan. A history teacher asks his students to 2 on and write about their experiences holding jobs and their relationships with their employers. Why? Because the students will soon be studying the Industrial Revolution, focusing on how it shaped the experiences of and relationships among members of 3 social classes in the United States. A science teacher asks her students to prepare statements 4 their position on whether the president should sign an international environmental treaty. Why? Because preparing these statements will engage the students in assessing and 5 a number of scientific views on global warming. Anyone alert to current 6 in teaching practice will not be surprised by these examples. They illustrate the practice on the part of many teachers to engage students more 7 in the subject matter they are learning by helping students to draw 8 between their lives and the subject matter, between principles and practice, past and present, and present and future. Yet there is also something unusual about these 9 : not what appears on the surface but what lies behind it. These three learning activities were developed with the help of a simple set of guidelines 10 the Teaching for Understanding Framework. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·上海市西中学·期末)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．purchase  B．created  C． pick  D．promoting  E. donating  F. ignore G. rewarding  H. recycle  I. opportunity  J. serving  K. started Amazing Kids of the Month — Hannah and Alexander Laman Hannah and Alexander Laman, 11-year-old twins from Ohio, love reading. They both love reading so much that it is almost impossible to 1 a favourite book. “I have many favourite books. If I had to select one, it would be Believe It or Not,” Hannah said. So when these two young bookworms heard that some children didn’t have access to books, they believed that was a problem they just couldn’t 2 . In 2011, they 3 Adopt A Book, an organisation that donates books to schools and programmes in need. “We wanted to make a difference because we love reading lots of books,” Alexander said. They 4 by sharing their own books, and then the organisation grew by taking book donations from others. So far, the twins’ organisation has donated over 45,000 books to schools, and programmes 5 children in need from Cincinnati to as far away as Zimbabwe. With a successful book- 6 organisation that just keeps expanding, what’s ahead for these two? Well, they’ve already started it! Hannah and Alexander are 7 literacy for children through their Little Free Library. “The library is free and you can take a book and leave a book.” the twins’ mum, Angela, explained. This has encouraged many kids and adults to 8 their reading materials and also encourage others to read. The twins have received many rewards through improving literacy. “Other kids have the 9 to read and own books of their own. That’s the most 10 part of sharing books with others.” said Hannah. Maybe you want to start small. Collect gently-used books from your home that you don’t need anymore, and donate them to Adopt A Book. Any little bit that you can do truly makes a difference! Passage 5 （24-25高二上·上海彭浦中学·期末)Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the words in the box. Each can only be used once. A．targeted    B．limit    C． subject        D．insightful        E. justify        F. projected G. chiefly        H. accessible        I. admittedly        J. purchase        K. prized We live today indebted to McCardell, Cashin, and other women who freed American fashion from the 1 of Parisian design. These designers established the modern dress code, letting playsuits and other active outfits suit casual clothing, allowing pants to enter the wardrobe, and promoting rationalism and utility (实用性) in dress, in contrast to dressing for an occasion. Fashion in America was logical and 2 only to the will of the women who wore it. American fashion addressed a democracy, whereas traditional Paris-based fashion was conventional and imposed on women, willing or not. In an earlier time, 3 , American fashion had followed the lead of Paris, or even pirated (窃用) specific French designs. However, designer sportswear was not modeled on that of Europe; it was genuinely invented and developed in America. The design objective and the business commitment were 4 at sportswear, and the distinctive traits were problem-solving ingenuity (独创性) and realistic lifestyle applications. Ease of care was most important: summer dresses and outfits, in particular, were 5 cotton, readily capable of being washed and pressed at home. Clothes were simple, practical, and 6 , as the modern woman depended on no personal maid to dress her. American designers 7 the freedom of women who wore the clothing. Many have argued that the women designers of that time 8 their own clothing values into a new style. Of course, much of this argument in the 1930s-40s was advanced because there was little or no experience in designing clothes on the basis of utility. But could utility alone 9 the new ideas of the American designers? Fashion is often regarded as a pursuit of beauty, and some cherished fashion’s relationship to the fine arts. What the designers of the American sportswear proved was that fashion is a design art, answering to the demanding needs of service. Of course these practical, 10 designers have determined the course of late twentieth-century fashion. They were the pioneers of gender equity, in their useful, adaptable clothing, which was both made for the masses and capable of self-expression. 三、人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·上大附中·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．precisely B．absence C． immediately D．insight E. roles F. allowing G. modified H. challenging I. significance J. rarely  K. lack Are legs more important than arms? Evolution has equipped animals with arms and legs of all shapes and sizes. But does one type of limb hold greater 1 than another? The answer lies in a different question: What species are you talking about? “Animals live in in different environments and they play unique ecological 2 ,” John Hutchinson, a professor of evolutionary biomechanics at the Royal Veterinary College in London, told Live Science. “What we can do is to observe the patterns we see in nature over time and examine how legs and arms have evolved, giving us 3 into their significance.” Let’s start with humans, which are bipedal, meaning we use only two legs to walk, instead of four. Consequently, survival without legs would likely be more 4 than without arms, particularly in the 5 of mobility aids for disabled people, such as wheelchairs. Humans are an example where we’ve emphasized our legs — they’re much bigger, longer and stronger. But for birds, arms — or, more 6 , wings — are vastly more important than their legs. Bird wings are essentially 7 arms that are adapted for flight and they often make up the largest part of a flying bird’s body. One reason why you 8 encounter birds with injured wings is that it severely hinders their ability to survive. Some species don’t depend on legs or arms because they 9 them. From snakes to worms, many species have evolved to become limbless, 10 them to better capture prey or move swiftly through their environment, where extra limbs may actually get in the way, according to the Florida State Parks Department. “That’s very common, actually, that front and hind legs are not important at all,” Hutchinson said. “Plenty of animals again and again — from fish to snakes — have reduced all four limbs.” Passage 2 （24-25高二上·上海吴淞中学·期末）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．mental  B．stick  C． endure  D．physical  E. exhaustion  F. accompanied G. nature  H. urge  I. application  J. request   K. rescue The desire to explore is a powerful part of human 1 . For many people, going on adventures is not just for fun; it feels necessary for their 2 survival. It helps them escape boring routines. However, the decision to go on a real adventure is not easy. It requires careful planning. Adventurers must be ready to 3 many difficulties, such as bad weather, unexpected obstacles and extreme 4 . Therefore, before starting, it is very important to make every effort to prepare safely. This includes studying maps and checking the weather. True adventure often tests your limits. I remember a difficult hike I went on alone. The path was very steep, and after hours of walking, I felt completely tired. My water was almost gone, and I started to feel a bit scared. Just then, another hiker appeared. He saw my situation and generously came to my 5 by sharing his water and food. This kindness gave me the strength to continue. During the hardest parts of the climb, I had to 6 to my plan and not give up. The beautiful views that 7 me along the way also encouraged me. Finally reaching the mountain top was an incredible feeling. That success was a practical 8 of all the preparations and efforts. These adventurous experiences teach us strong lessons. The memories exist in your mind for a long time. They make you stronger and more confident. Usually I have an even stronger 9 to seek new challenges after one adventure ends. It feels like the world is making a 10 for you to see more of its wonders. Every journey, big or small, changes you a little. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·上海同济附属二中·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．abandoned    B．ancestors     C． crucial     D．enthusiasm E. implied     F. incredibly     G. unnecessarily     H. overall I. preserving     J. rewarding     K. shelter The Invaluable Sanctuary (庇护所): Nature’s Role in Mental Well-being In the fast-paced urban life of Shanghai, where digital screens often dominate our attention, the vital habit of immersing ourselves in the natural world is often 1 . We frequently prioritize academic and social commitments over time spent outdoors, unaware of the gradual price this takes on our inner peace. However, a growing body of scientific evidence firmly positions time in green spaces not as a simple leisure activity, but as absolutely 2 for our cognitive performance and psychological resilience (复原力). These studies have 3 that even short, intentional exposure to natural environments can boost beneficial physiological changes, which in turn enhances our ability to concentrate. For students facing the pressures of exams and social dynamics, seeking out a quiet spot in a local park or along a riverbank can provide a much-needed mental 4 , offering a break from constant stimulation. This longing for nature is inherited from our 5 whose daily existence and sense of well-being were deeply woven with the natural landscape. By consciously reconnecting with this inborn connection, we refresh our 6 for learning and discovery. This understanding enhances our responsibility for 7 and cherishing urban green spaces. The 8 impact of making nature a regular part of our lives is very broad and positive, contributing not only to emotional stability but also to fostering creative thinking and problem-solving skills. On a personal note, I consistently find that a few hours spent walking in a forest or simply sitting by a lake proves 9 effective in restoring a sense of calm. In conclusion, the conscious effort to cultivate a strong, ongoing relationship with the natural environment is deeply 10 on multiple levels. It gently teaches us the value of slowing down, helps us discover joy in the subtle details of the world around us, and guides us in caring for our mental landscape. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·上海松江区·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need A．acquire    B．adding    C．alternative    D．cautious    E．company    F．correctly G．essential    H．persistently    I．processing    J．rule    K．survival Spelling Bees? No, But They Can Do Arithmetic Honeybees can learn to add and abstract, according to research showing that while the insects have tiny brains, they are still surprisingly clever. Researchers behind the study have previously found that honeybees can apparently understand the concept of zero, and learn to 1 indicate which of two groups of objects is the smaller. But now they say insects can learn to carry out exact numerical calculations such as adding and subtracting a given number. “Their brain can manage a long-term 2 and apply that to a mathematical problem to come up with a correct answer,” said Dr. Adrian Dyer, co-author of the research from RMIT University in Australia. “That is a different type of number 3 .” If the team are right, the insects are in good 4 . While it was once thought that only humans could manage such calculations, the authors note recent research has revealed an enormous number of creatures can keep track of numbers or even add or subtract. The team say the latest research adds to a growing body of evidence that language is not 5 for learning how to manipulate numbers. And there’s more. “It is teaching us a lot about what brains can do and what necessary structures you might need in brains to achieve certain outcomes,” said Dyer. However, Paul Graham, professor of neuroethology at the University of Sussex, was 6 , and said it was not clear that the bees really did have a concept of mathematical operations, or even numbers. “In reality, you don’t really know what the animal has done, because you are not investigating how it is doing it,” he said, 7 it was hard to design an experiment to exclude other simpler explanations for the bees’ behaviour. Writing in the journal Science Advances, Dyer said the prevalence (普遍性) of numerical competence across the animal kingdom was “suspicious”, leading him to believe it might be a widespread phenomenon in animals that aids 8 . However, he added it was difficult to test this, and said there was a(n) 9 explanation-the real phenomenon is the ability to make associations and solve problems, rather than have or 10 numerical skills. Passage 5 （24-25高二上·上海七宝中学·期末）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．reassessing   B．implementation   C． resembled  D．crucially   E. eliminating   F. quantity G. boasted   H. trialing   I. distinctly   J. outnumbered   K. due War on plastic packaging divides consumer opinion First it was the yogurt pot lids, colored milk bottle top s and best-before labels removed in the name of the war on plastic. But when one supermarket sucked the air out of packets of meat, for some shoppers it was a bridge too far. Sainsbury’s had 1 a “supermarket first” but its vacuum-packed meat made some uncomfortable. Minus the air, meat becomes a dense red slice, with one customer complaining it 2 a body part, even if the packing method did cut 450 tomes of plastic a year. Supermarkets and manufacturers are rapidly 3 the packaging of every product in light of government collection and packaging reforms designed to slash waste. A deposit return scheme is 4 to start in Scotland this summer and in the rest of the U.K. in 2025. The measure also includes the introduction of a consistent household recycling scheme in England that will mandate (授权) local authorities to collect the same items and materials. The 5 date has yet to be confirmed. Another is the extended producer responsibility (EPR) scheme, which requires manufacturers to pay the full cost of packaging waste. It kicked in this year with companies now required to collect data on the 6 of packaging they put on the market, with the first fees due to be collected in 2024. The major supermarkets are all signatories (签署方) to the U.K. Plastics Pact, led by the sustainability charity Wrap. It has set targets to hit by 2025 including 7 problem plastic and ensuring that 100% of plastic packaging can be reusable, recyclable or compostable (可用作堆肥的). In its annual report, Catherine David, director of the U.K. Plastics Pact, listed the wins, which included the removal of 620m plastic items from supermarket shelves since 2018; that rigid plastic packaging was now 92% recyclable and that nearly half of its members were 8 reuse and refill systems. The Guardian asked readers for their views on the packaging changes they were seeing and, 9 , whether they thought they were an improvement. While some steps, like the removal of plastic packaging from Easter egg boxes, were universally welcomed, readers said others might be wrong-headed. They questioned the removal of hard plastic lids from spill-prone yogurt and dip pots, and the decision to switch ice-cream out of plastic containers and into cardboard. A small number said they would be taking their meat business to Marks & Spencer or local butchers rather than buying vacuum-packed portions. But they were 10 by those who backed the change that Sainsbury’s said would stop 765,000 hard trays a year being thrown away. 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题02 十一选十选词填空进阶练15篇 一、人与社会 1 二、人与自我 12 三、人与自然 22 一、人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海交大附中·期末)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．back  B．degree  C． demonstrate  D．doubly  E. enough  F. finally G. loyalty  H. promoted  I. relevant  J. turnover  K. unconditional Although many companies offer tuition repayment, most companies only repay employees for classes that are 1 to their position. This is a very limiting policy. A company that repays employees for all college credit courses — whether job related or not — offers a service not only to the employees, but to the entire company. One good reason for giving employees 2 tuition repayment is that it shows the company’s commitment to its employees. In today’s economy, where job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable (可牺牲的), it is important for a company to 3 to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is with concrete investments in them. In turn, this commitment to the betterment of company employees will create greater employee 4 . A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money 5 by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employee 6 , because even employees who don’t take advantage of the tuition repayment program will be more loyal to their company just knowing that their company cares 7 to pay for their education. Most importantly, the company that has an unrestricted tuition repayment program will have higher quality employees. Although these companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their 8 , more often than not, the employee will stay with the company. And even if employees do leave after graduation, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program. Thus, even if the employee leaves upon graduating, throughout those years, the employer will have a more sophisticated, more intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if the employee stays, that education will 9 benefit the company: Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be 10 so the company doesn’t have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside. Open positions can be filled by people who already know the company well. 【答案】 1．I 2．K 3．C 4．G 5．A 6．J 7．E 8．B 9．D 10．H 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论证了无限制学费报销计划对公司的价值：通过提升员工忠诚度、降低流动率、培养高素质人才，最终转化为企业的人才竞争优势和成本节约。 1．考查形容词。句意：虽然许多公司提供学费报销，但大多数公司只报销与员工职位相关的课程。空处作定语从句的表语，结合“to their position”可推知，I项relevant“相关的”符合题意，构成短语be relevant to“与……相关”，表示“与员工职位相关的课程”，下文的“whether job related or not”也是提示。故选I。 2．考查形容词。句意：为员工提供无条件学费报销的一个充分理由是，这能展示公司对员工的承诺。空处作修饰tuition的定语，结合上文的“whether job related or not”可推知，K项unconditional“无条件”符合题意，表示“为员工提供无条件学费报销”，下文“an unrestricted tuition repayment program”也是提示。故选K。 3．考查动词。句意：在当今经济环境下，工作保障已成为过去，员工越来越觉得可被替代，公司向员工证明其关怀非常重要。空处和空前的to构成不定式，作真正的主语，结合“to its employees that it cares”可推知，C项demonstrate“展示，证明”符合题意，构成固定表达demonstrate to sb. that…“向某人展示/证明……”，表示“向员工证明其关怀”。故选C。 4．考查名词。句意：反过来，这种对提升员工的承诺将创造更大的员工忠诚度。空处作create的宾语，结合下文的“by having employees stay with the company longer”可推知，G项loyalty“忠诚”符合题意，表示“创造更大的员工忠诚度”，下文的“be more loyal to their company”也是提示。故选G。 5．考查副词。句意：公司投入资金支付员工教育费用，将通过员工更长的留任时间获得回报。结合“get its money”可推知，A项back“回报”符合题意，构成短语get back“重新获得，收回”，表示“把钱拿回来”。故选A。 6．考查名词。句意：这将降低员工流动率，因为即使是不利用学费报销计划的员工，仅仅知道公司足够关心，愿意支付他们的教育费用，也会对公司更加忠诚。空处作reduce的宾语，结合“because even employees who don’t take advantage of the tuition repayment program will be more loyal to their company”可推知，J项turnover“人事变动率，人员流动率”符合题意，表示“降低员工流动率”。故选J。 7．考查副词。句意：这将降低员工流动率，因为即使是不利用学费报销计划的员工，仅仅知道公司足够关心，愿意支付他们的教育费用，也会对公司更加忠诚。空处修饰动词cares，结合“to pay for their education”可推知，E项enough“足够”符合题意，构成短语enough to do“足够……去做某事”，表示“足够关心，愿意支付他们的教育费用”。故选E。 8．考查名词。句意：尽管这些公司确实面临员工在获得学位后立即跳槽的风险，但多数情况下员工会留在公司。空处作get的宾语，结合“who go on to another job in a different company”可推知，B项degree“学位”符合题意，表示“获得学位”。故选B。 9．考查副词。句意：如果员工留下，教育将为公司带来双重收益：不仅员工素质更高，现在该员工还可获得晋升，公司无需从外部填补高层职位空缺。空处修饰动词benefit，结合“Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be ___10___ so the company doesn’t have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside”可推知，D项doubly“双重地”符合题意，表示“为公司带来双重收益”。故选D。 10．考查动词。句意：如果员工留下，教育将为公司带来双重收益：不仅员工素质更高，现在该员工还可获得晋升，公司无需从外部填补高层职位空缺。空处和can be构成谓语，结合“the company doesn’t have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside”可推知，H项promoted“晋升”符合题意，表示“可获得晋升”。故选H。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海交大附中·期末)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．appliance  B．assign  C． consciousness  D．dominance  E. excluded  F. friendliness     G. performance    H. personify    I. qualities    J. stood    K. yelled The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying — first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen 1 what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain circumstances, people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects. Sometimes we see things as human because we are lonely. In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attach 2 to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can alleviate loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been 3 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends — unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human 4 . The phone apparently 5 in for real friends. At other times, we 6 products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents 7 at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and desires”. So how do people 8 traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are associated with 9 . Similarly, people rated cars, clocks and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them — especially in competitive situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles that were up turned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this feature as increasing a car’s 10 . 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．E 4．I 5．J 6．H 7．K 8．B 9．D 10．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们在特定情况下会将人类特质赋予日常物品的现象，及背后的原因和相关表现。 1．考查名词。句意：现在你可以告诉你的厨房用具该做什么。空格处需填入名词，被kitchen修饰，appliance意为“用具，器具”，kitchen appliance表示“厨房用具”，符合前文提到的可对话设备的语境。故选A项。 2．考查名词。句意：在一项实验中，报告感到孤独的人比其他人更有可能将意识赋予各种小物件。空格处需填入名词作attach的宾语，consciousness意为“意识”，attach consciousness to...表示“将意识赋予……”，符合人们因孤独而赋予物品人类特质的情况。故选C项。 3．考查动词。句意：当大学生们想起自己在社交场合被排斥的经历时，他们会通过夸大自己的朋友数量来弥补——除非他们先被安排做一些让他们像对待有人类品质的手机一样与手机互动的任务。空格处需填入动词的过去分词，与been构成被动语态，excluded意为“排斥”，be excluded in a social setting表示“在社交场合被排斥”，符合语境。故选E项。 4．考查名词。句意：当大学生们想起自己在社交场合被排斥的经历时，他们会通过夸大自己的朋友数量来弥补——除非他们先被安排做一些让他们像对待有人类品质的手机一样与手机互动的任务。空格处需填入名词作宾语，human qualities表示“人类品质”，符合将手机当作有人类特质的事物互动的描述。故选I项。 5．考查动词。句意：显然，手机代替了真正的朋友。空格处需填入动词作谓语，stood in for是固定短语，意为“代替”，体现手机在缓解孤独时起到的替代朋友的作用，符合文意。故选J项。 6．考查动词。句意：在其他时候，我们将产品拟人化是为了理解它们。空格处需填入动词作谓语，personify意为“拟人化”，与后文人们认为电脑有“信念和欲望”相呼应，说明人们通过拟人化理解产品。故选H项。 7．考查动词。句意：一项研究发现，四分之三的受访者会对着电脑大喊大叫。空格处需填入动词作谓语，yelled意为“大喊”，yell at...表示“对……大喊”，符合人们在电脑出问题时的反应。故选K项。 8．考查动词。句意：那么人们是如何将特质赋予一个物体的呢？空格处需填入动词，assign意为“分配，赋予”，assign traits to...表示“将特质赋予……”，符合上下文探讨人们赋予物品特质的方式的语境。故选B项。 9．考查名词。句意：在人类身上，宽脸与支配有关。空格处需填入名词作宾语，dominance意为“支配地位，优势”，与后文“Similarly, people rated cars, clocks and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones,”相呼应，说明宽脸与支配感的关联。故选D项。 10．考查名词。句意：购买者认为这一特征增加了汽车的友好感。空格处需填入名词作宾语，根据上文的“An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles that were up turned like smiles sold best.”可知，格栅像微笑一样上扬的汽车销量最好，微笑体现友好，friendliness意为“友好”，故friendliness符合语境。故选F项。 Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海长宁区·期末)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．anxious   B．guarantee   C． ignore   D．linked   E. missed   F. overly G. respectively   H. risks   I. routines   J. serious   K. transported When exercise stops being good for you 150 minutes of exercise. a week: that’s how much we should all be doing. Does this mean that gyms are the best ways to 1 our health? Maybe, but they are not without their own health 2 Recent studies have suggested that some gym-goers’ cleanness requirements leave much to be desired. Bacteria (细菌) that can cause severe illness, such as food poisoning, was found on the surface of gym equipment. Sweat and the increased temperature caused by exercise can help dangerous bacteria grow on the skin, which can be 2 to our clothing. It might not just be the bacteria at a gym that could be harmful. Harmful gym culture may be leading people to feel judged or frightened. In a 2019 US study, over half those surveyed felt 3 when going to the gym. This feeling of being judged, and a(n) 4 competitive atmosphere, could create pressure to over-exercise. The Cleveland Clinic distinguishes between overreaching and over-training. The first is the result of a single instance of exercising too much, which leads to little more than muscle discomfort, while the latter is more long-term and can have more 5 consequences. Over-training has been 6 to injuries, reduced appetite and problems with sleep or weight gain. When exercise becomes a must, it can also be dangerous for our mental health. Wellness writer Taylor Leamey warns that feeling regret at 7 gym sessions or trying to use exercise as a way to control our bodies could be signs that exercise dependency is a problem. Of course, we shouldn’t 8 the fact that exercise can really help our physical and mental health, as long as we can maintain a healthy relationship with it. It’s essential to prioritize both the quality and safety of our exercise 10 【答案】 1．guarantee 2．risks 3．transported 4．anxious 5．overly 6．serious 7．linked 8．missed 9．ignore 10．routines 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了健身房锻炼的利弊，提醒人们在健身房锻炼时需要注意卫生和保持健康的锻炼心态。 1．考查动词。句意：这是否意味着健身房是保持健康的最佳方式？根据句意及空后的“our health”可知，空处应用动词guarantee“保证”，表示健身房是保持健康的最佳方式。故填guarantee。 2．考查名词。句意：也许，但它们也有自己的健康风险。根据句意及空前的“their own health”可知，空处应用名词risks“风险”，表示健身房锻炼也有健康风险。故填risks。 3．考查动词。句意：汗液和运动引起的体温升高可以帮助危险的细菌在皮肤上生长，这些细菌可以转移到我们的衣服上。根据句意及空前的“which can be”可知，空处应用动词的过去分词形式transported“转移，传播”，与be动词构成被动语态，表示细菌可以转移到我们的衣服上。故填transported。 4．考查形容词。句意：在2019年的一项美国研究中，超过一半的受访者在去健身房时会感到焦虑。根据句意及空前的“felt”可知，空处应用形容词anxious“焦虑的”，作表语，表示超过一半的受访者在去健身房时会感到焦虑。故填anxious。 5．考查副词。句意：这种被评判的感觉，以及一种过于激烈的竞争氛围，可能会产生过度锻炼的压力。根据句意及空后的“competitive atmosphere”可知，空处应用副词overly“过度地”，修饰形容词competitive，表示过于激烈的竞争氛围。故填overly。 6．考查形容词。句意：第一种情况是由于一次锻炼过度造成的，它仅会导致轻微的肌肉不适。而后者更为长期，可能产生更严重的后果。根据句意及空前的“more”可知，空处应用形容词serious“严重的”，表示过度锻炼可能产生更严重的后果。故填serious。 7．考查动词。句意：过度训练与受伤、食欲下降、睡眠问题或体重增加有关。根据句意及空后的“has been”可知，空处应用动词的过去分词形式linked“连接”，与has been构成现在完成时的被动语态，表示过度训练与这些问题有关。故填linked。 8．考查形容词。句意：健康作家Taylor Leamey警告说，对错过的健身课程感到后悔，或者试图把锻炼作为控制身体的一种方式，可能是运动依赖成为一个问题的迹象。根据句意及空后的“gym sessions”可知，空处应用形容词missed“错过的”，修饰名词gym sessions，表示错过的健身课程。故填missed。 9．考查动词。句意：当然，我们不应该忽视运动确实能帮助我们的身心健康这一事实，只要我们能与它保持健康的关系。根据句意及空前的“shouldn’t”可知，空处应用动词ignore“忽视”，表示我们不应该忽视运动对身心健康的帮助。故填ignore。 10．考查名词。句意：优先考虑锻炼常规的质量和安全性至关重要。根据句意及空前的“our exercise”可知，空处应用名词routines“常规，例行程序”，表示锻炼常规的质量和安全性很重要。故填routines。 Passage 4 (24-25高二上·上海民办文绮中学·期末)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．constantly  B．competitors  C． recognizing  D．exposed  E. assessing F. suffered  G. remarkably  H. risk  I. predicted  J. practice  K. counterparts The long-term impact of peer bullying may be even more severe than that of adult maltreatment, according to a recent study. In a large sample of English children, those 1 to bullying were 60% more likely to develop psychological issues in adulthood than those who had 2 physical, emotional, or sexual abuse. In can while, in a parallel U.S. study, the 3 of mental disorders was nearly four times higher among bullying victims than among those who experienced child abuse. The findings, published in The Lancet Psychiatry, highlight the urgency of 4 bullying as a critical public health concern. While 5 the mental health risks, researchers controlled variables such as gender, family adversity, and socioeconomic status — all potential factors that could affect the outcome. A history of child abuse was 6 associated with a higher risk of mental illness among the American participants, though not so obvious among their British 7 . Nonetheless, in both nations, exposure to bullying 8 poorer mental health outcomes. Figures show that bullied children were 70% more likely to develop depression or to 9 self-harming behaviors than those with a history of family abuse. Overall, the damage caused by bullying 10 emerge in future life. Victims may find themselves repeatedly confused with the same negative thought patterns, years or even decades after the bullying has ended. 【答案】 1．D 2．F 3．H 4．C 5．E 6．G 7．K 8．I 9．J 10．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文基于两项跨国（英国、美国）研究结果，客观阐述同伴霸凌对成年后心理健康的长期影响。 1．考查过去分词。句意：在英国大量儿童样本中，那些遭受霸凌的孩子成年后出现心理问题的概率，比遭受过身体、情感或性虐待的孩子高出60%。分析：空格前为代词those（指代children），后接介词to，需填入能与to搭配的过去分词作后置定语，构成“be + 过去分词 + to”结构。选项D（exposed）符合固定搭配“be exposed to”（遭受；暴露于），代入后贴合“遭受霸凌的孩子”的语境。故填D。 2．考查动词。句意：在英国大量儿童样本中，那些遭受霸凌的孩子成年后出现心理问题的概率，比遭受过身体、情感或性虐待的孩子高出60%。空格前为助动词had，需填入过去分词构成过去完成时，强调“遭受虐待”发生在“出现心理问题”之前。选项F(suffered)意为“遭受；经历”。故填F。 3．考查名词。句意：与此同时，在美国一项类似研究中，霸凌受害者患精神疾病的风险比遭受儿童虐待的人高出近四倍。分析：空格前为定冠词the，后为介词of，需填入名词作主语，构成“the + 名词 + of”结构。选项H(risk)意为“风险”，表示“患精神疾病的风险”，与后文“a higher risk of mental illness”语义呼应，符合研究数据对比的语境。故填H。 4．考查动名词。句意：这些发表在《柳叶刀·精神病学》上的研究结果，强调了将霸凌视为重大公共健康问题的紧迫性。分析：空格前为介词of，需填入动名词作宾语，构成“the urgency of doing sth”（做某事的紧迫性）。选项C(recognizing)意为“承认；认定”，符合固定搭配“recognize...as...”（将……认定为……），代入后体现“将霸凌认定为公共健康问题”的核心语义，贴合“强调问题严重性”的语境。故填C。 5．考查现在分词。句意：在评估心理健康风险时，研究人员控制了性别、家庭困境和社会经济地位等变量——这些都是可能影响结果的潜在因素。空格前为连词while，后接宾语the mental health risks，需填入现在分词构成时间状语（while + doing sth），逻辑主语researchers与动作“评估”构成主动关系。选项E（assessing）意为“评估；评定”，代入后符合“研究过程中评估风险”的逻辑。故填E。 6．考查副词。句意：在美国参与者中，儿童时期受虐的经历与更高的精神疾病风险显著相关，尽管在英国对应人群中这种相关性并不明显。空格后为形容词associated，需填入副词修饰形容词，体现“相关性”的程度。选项G(remarkably)意为“显著地；非常地”，与后文“though not so obvious”（尽管不明显）形成转折对比。故填G。 7．考查名词。句意：在美国参与者中，儿童时期受虐的经历与更高的精神疾病风险显著相关，尽管在英国对应人群中这种相关性并不明显。空格前为形容词性物主代词their（指代American participants），需填入名词复数指代“英国的对应参与者”。选项K(counterparts)意为“对应的人；同行”，特指不同群体中地位、身份相当的人，完美契合英美两国研究样本对比的语境。故填K。 8．考查动词。句意：尽管如此，在两个国家中，遭受霸凌都预示着更差的心理健康结果。空格处为句子谓语动词，主语为exposure to bullying（不可数名词短语），全文围绕研究发现展开，需用一般过去时。选项I(predicted)意为“预示；预测”，体现霸凌与心理健康结果的因果关联，后文“Figures show that...”的数据的是对该结论的支撑。故填I。 9．考查动词。句意：数据显示，遭受霸凌的孩子患上抑郁症或出现自残行为的概率，比有家庭虐待史的孩子高出70%。分析：空格前为不定式符号to，需填入动词原形，与develop depression并列，构成“be likely to do sth”（有可能做某事）。选项J(practice)此处意为“出现；实施”，侧重某种行为的发生或持续，表示“出现自残行为”，符合心理健康问题的语境。故填J。 10．考查副词。句意：总体而言，霸凌造成的伤害会在未来生活中持续显现。空格后为动词emerge，需填入副词修饰动词，体现“伤害显现”的时间特征。选项A(constantly)意为“持续地；不断地”与后文“repeatedly confused with the same negative thought patterns”（反复陷入相同的负面思维模式）语义呼应，强调霸凌影响的长期性和持续性。故填A。 Passage 5 (25-26高二上·上海复旦附中·期中)Directions: Complete the following two passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that for each passage there is ONE WORD MORE than you need. A．script  B．bagged  C． swipes  D．answering  E. haste  F. recovered  G. rising H. delays  I. strikes  J. masked  K. scale The lessons from the brazen heist (明目张胆的盗窃) at the Louvre It took two 1 thieves just seven minutes to slip through the window of the Galerie d’Apollon, pierce the security glass of two display cabinets using disc cutters, and make off with nine items of Napoleonic and royal jewellery. At 9. 30am on October 19th the pair used a truck-mounted ladder to break in to the Louvre; they left the same way, before escaping on scooters with two accomplices. In their 2 they dropped one looted piece. The heist 3 at the heart of the French state — and of the art world. With nearly 9m visitors in 2024, the Louvre is the most popular museum anywhere. A former royal palace in the historic centre of Paris, it is made up of over 400 galleries, displaying 35,000 works of art. Spanning civilisations from Mesopotamia (美索不达米亚) to Europe, the collection also links France’s royal and imperial past with its republic an present. President Emmanuel Macron called the heist an attack on“our history”. All of the eight items seized, described as“priceless” by French officials, were part of the national collection of crown jewels. Kept in the museum’s most luxurious gilded gallery, they include the emerald-studded necklace and earrings given by Napoleon to Marie-Louise for their wedding in 1810, and a tiara made up of 212 pearls, 1,998 diamonds and 992 rose-cut diamonds belonging to the Empress Eugenie, Napoleon III’s wife. The thieves also 4 a necklace, an earring and a tiara from the sapphire collection. The Louvre has been targeted before — most famously in 1911, when the“Mona Lisa” was stolen — but not on this 5 . Arthur Brand, a Dutch specialist in art theft, compares the heist to the snatching of 13 works of art, including Vermeer’s“The Concert” and Rembrandt’s“Christ in the Storm on the Sea of Galilee”, from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston in 1990. Until now Europe’s biggest post-war museum theft was in Amsterdam in 1991, when criminals made off with 20 paintings including Van Gogh’s “The Potato Eaters”. But “the Louvre is the ultimate heist,” says Mr Brand. “Nobody thought anybody would dare to steal from the Louvre.” The brazenness is worthy of a Hollywood 6 . Indeed in“Lupin”, a hit French crime series, the protagonist 7 a diamond necklace once owned by Marie Antoinette from the museum. In a clever twist, he later reveals that the stolen necklace is actually a replica. In reality, museum theft is surprisingly common. France has witnessed a number of recent heists from smaller museums. An analysis of 40 museum thefts between 1990 and 2022 by Sandra Clopes and Marc Balcells, published in April, classifies five main types of raid. The most common, accounting for 15 of the heists, is a stealth raid: thieves make off with artworks without alerting security agents. “Smash-and-grab” raids, like the one at the Louvre, are the second-most common, accounting for 11 of those analysed. Over half the items taken are paintings; only 4% are jewellery. Less than half are 8 . The Louvre thieves, says an art valuer in Paris, will dismantle the pieces, sell the gold and recut the precious stones. There is no market, he says, for the items themselves. In Paris, minds are now focusing on what went wrong and how to stop it happening again. Gerald Darmanin, the justice minister, said the raid had given“France a dreadful image”. That a truck could be parked outside the Louvre on a busy street on a Sunday morning without raising suspicion is worrying enough; that the thieves could make off with crown jewels despite setting off alarms poses serious questions about the museum’s security. The “trick is to slow thieves down”, says Mr Brand. In most cases, note Ms Clopes and Mr Balcells,“thieves were faster stealing the pieces than the sensors alerting security forces.” In a leaked report France’s national auditor points to“persistent” 9 in deploying modern security equipment in the Louvre. Laurence des Cars, the museum’s director, raised the problem when she took over in 2021. But, as in all public museums, budgets are tight. Rachida Dati, France’s culture minister, talked this week of “40 years of neglect”. Nobody wants to accept responsibility, but the political pressure is 10 for a head to roll. 【答案】 1．J 2．E 3．I 4．B 5．K 6．A 7．C 8．F 9．H 10．G 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍卢浮宫珠宝失窃案的经过、被盗物品价值、案件影响，分析博物馆盗窃的常见类型及卢浮宫安保漏洞，探讨事件引发的反思。 1．考查形容词。句意：两名蒙面窃贼仅用七分钟就溜进了阿波罗画廊的窗户，用圆盘切割机刺穿了两个展示柜的防弹玻璃，偷走了九件拿破仑时期和王室珠宝。空格处需填形容词修饰thieves（窃贼），结合“明目张胆的盗窃”及常识，窃贼作案时通常会蒙面隐藏身份，masked意为“蒙面的”，符合语境。故选J。 2．考查名词。句意：他们匆忙中掉落了一件被盗物品。空格处需填名词，作in的宾语，“in haste”是固定短语，意为“匆忙地”，结合前文“仅用七分钟作案、快速逃离”，窃贼作案过程仓促，haste符合语境。故选E。 3．考查动词。句意：这起盗窃案直击法国国家的核心——也直击艺术界的核心。空格处需填动词作谓语，“strike at the heart of”表示“直击……的核心”，结合后文“总统称其为对历史的攻击”，这起盗窃案影响深远，strikes符合语境。故选I。 4．考查动词。句意：窃贼还偷走了蓝宝石收藏中的一条项链、一只耳环和一顶头饰。空格处需填动词作谓语，与前文“make off with”（偷走）同义，bagged意为“夺得，偷走”，口语中可表示盗窃所得，符合语境。故选B。 5．考查名词。句意：卢浮宫以前也成为过目标——最著名的是1911年《蒙娜丽莎》被盗——但规模从未如此之大。空格处需填名词，作on的宾语，“on this scale”表示“如此规模”，结合后文对比其他博物馆盗窃案，此次卢浮宫失窃案规模空前，scale符合语境。故选K。 6．考查名词。句意：这种肆无忌惮的行为堪比好莱坞剧本。空格处需填名词，作of的宾语，结合后文提到法国犯罪剧《亚森·罗宾》中主角从卢浮宫偷珠宝的情节，此次盗窃案的戏剧性如同电影剧本，script意为“剧本”，符合语境。故选A。 7．考查动词。句意：事实上，在热门法国犯罪剧《亚森·罗宾》中，主角从博物馆偷走了一条曾属于玛丽·安托瓦内特的钻石项链。空格处需填动词作谓语，swipes意为“偷窃，顺手牵羊”，符合剧情中盗窃珠宝的动作，且与前文盗窃案相呼应。故选C。 8．考查动词。句意：被盗物品中不到一半被追回。空格处需填动词的过去分词，与are构成被动语态，结合后文“卢浮宫窃贼会拆解珠宝、出售黄金和宝石”，被盗珠宝很难完整追回，recovered意为“追回，找回”，符合语境。故选F。 9．考查名词。句意：法国国家审计署的一份泄露报告指出，卢浮宫在部署现代化安保设备方面存在“持续的”延误。空格处需填名词，作points to的宾语，结合后文“馆长2021年上任时就提出该问题”，卢浮宫安保设备更新滞后，delays意为“延误”，符合语境。故选H。 10．考查形容词。句意：没人愿意承担责任，但要求有人下台的政治压力正在上升。空格处需填形容词，与is构成系表结构，“rising pressure”表示“上升的压力”，结合前文“司法部长称影响法国形象、文化部长提及40年忽视”，事件引发的政治压力不断增大，rising符合语境。故选G。 二、人与自我 Passage 1 (25-26高二上·上海同济附中·期中)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．crucial    B．collapse    C． passion    D．lengthening    E. depend F. refreshed    G. alternative    H. devoted    I. regularly    J. varying    K. delivery Three Ways for Scientists to Manage Their Time Better It is not necessary to become a workaholic to be a good scientist, although scientists often have great 1 for their research, and frequently work long hours. The amount and quality of what you achieve critically 2 on how effectively you manage your time. Here are some tips on how to better manage your time as a scientist. ● Make a plan Consider blocking out your calendar into chunks of time 3 to a specific task. This is particularly important when you are writing a paper or report. Next comes the 4 step of prioritizing. Highlight tasks on your list to signify their urgency. Focus only on one item at a time: the others can wait their turn. This list needs to be updated and reviewed 5 . ● Give yourself a break Taking breaks is good for your brain. Don’t be hard on yourself: you will actually perform better if you take breaks and cultivate a life outside science. This might seem counter-intuitive (违反直觉的) with all those tasks on your list, but solutions to apparently difficult problems can come from a 6 brain — and a brain that can keep things in perspective. During your working day, allow yourself time to think, to be open to new ideas and to chat with others about new methods. Try to avoid looking at your work e-mails when you are not working. They do not need to be answered until the next working day. The world will not 7 if you delay reading some e-mails. ● Don’t try to chase every great idea The other side of permitting yourself time to explore 8 ideas, as well as the suggestions of managers and colleagues, is that you are left with a(n) 9 list of new directions to investigate. Try to distinguish between things that would be nice to have and things that are vital to the 10 of your project, or PhD, on time. Succeeding against the odds and in the face of time pressure is one of the most valuable experiences you can offer to future employer. 【答案】 1．C 2．E 3．H 4．A 5．I 6．F 7．B 8．J 9．D 10．K 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家更好管理时间的三种方法，包含制定计划、给自己休息时间、不盲目追逐所有好想法，助力科学家提升时间管理效率，保障科研工作有序推进 。 1．考查名词。句意：成为一名优秀的科学家并不一定要成为工作狂，尽管科学家们通常对自己的研究抱有极大的热情，而且经常长时间工作。空格前有形容词great修饰，应填名词，结合“for their research, and frequently work long hours”及选项，名词passion“热情”符合语境，“have great passion for”表示“对……有极大热情”。故填C。 2．考查动词。句意：你所取得的成果的数量和质量在很大程度上取决于你管理时间的效率。空格处作谓语，根据下文“how effectively you manage your time”及“Here are some tips on how to better manage your time as a scientist.”可知，此处指“取得的成果的数量和质量在很大程度上取决于你管理时间的效率”，动词短语depend on意为“取决于”，符合语境，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为the amount and quality，谓语动词用原形depend。故填E。 3．考查形容词。句意：考虑将你的日程表分成若干时间段，专门用于特定的任务。空格处作定语修饰time，结合句意及选项，devoted“专门用于……的”符合语境，be devoted to表示“致力于，专门用于”，此处用过去分词作定语。故填H。 4．考查形容词。句意：接下来是至关重要的优先级排序步骤。空格处修饰名词step，作定语，结合句意及选项，形容词crucial“至关重要的”符合语境，强调优先级排序的重要性。故填A。 5．考查副词。句意：这个清单需要定期更新和审查。空格处修饰动词updated and reviewed，应填副词作状语，结合句意及选项，regularly“定期地”符合语境，表示定期更新审查清单。故填I。 6．考查形容词。句意：这似乎与你清单上的所有任务背道而驰，但看似困难的问题的解决方案可能来自一个恢复活力的大脑——一个能够客观看待事物的大脑。空格处修饰名词brain，作定语，结合前文“taking breaks”可知，休息后大脑会恢复活力，形容词refreshed“恢复活力的”符合语境。故填F。 7．考查动词。句意：如果你推迟阅读一些电子邮件，世界不会崩溃。空格处作谓语，根据上文“They do not need to be answered until the next working day.”以及空后“if you delay reading some e-mails.”可知，此处指推迟看邮件不会造成严重后果。动词collapse“崩溃，崩塌”符合语境，表示“世界不会崩塌”，will not后跟动词原形，故填B。 8．考查形容词。句意：允许自己有时间探索各种想法，以及管理者和同事的建议，另一方面是你会有一个不断增加的新研究方向清单。空格处修饰名词ideas，作定语，根据小标题中“chase every great idea”以及下文“list of new directions”可知，此处指探索不同的想法，形容词varying“不同的，多样化的”符合语境。故填J。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：让自己有时间去探索各种想法、听取经理和同事建议的另一面是你将面临一个越来越长的新研究方向清单。空格处修饰名词list，根据小标题中“chase every great idea”以及上文“ideas, as well as the suggestions of managers and colleagues”可知，探索各种想法以及听取管理者和同事的建议，会让自己要新的调查方向的清单不断变长，动词lengthen“变长”符合语境，名词list与lengthen之间为主动关系，且表示动词正在进行，用现在分词lengthening作前置定语，表示清单上的内容在不断增加。故填D。 10．考查名词。句意：试着把那些可有可无的事情和那些对按时完成你的项目或博士学位至关重要的事情区分开来。空格处前有定冠词the修饰，应填名词，结合句意及选项，delivery“交付，完成”符合语境，此处表示项目或博士学位的按时完成。故填K。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·上海建平中学·期末)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．agreement  B．boosting  C． concentrated  D．custom  E. dominant   F. established G. impossibly  H. loss  I. presented  J. subconsciously  K. throwing How a Hotel Gets Its Signature Scent Six years ago, Atelier Cologne (古龙水) founder Sylvie Ganter was offered a challenge: to create a signature scent for the Majestic, a five-star hotel, in celebration of its 100-year anniversary. She had six years of developing and perfecting fragrances (香水) for her consumers. But for a building? “I was at a (n) 1 where to even start,” she recalls. The first step was 2 herself in the hotel. She stayed there over a long weekend, soaking up every detail, like the history (Hemingway was, famously, a longtime resident), the decor, and the overall aesthetic. It crystallized what had felt like a(n) 3 abstract task, allowing her a hope of how she could capture the spirit of the hotel. Once she 4 the mood she wanted to arouse — chic, elegant, and timeless — she turned her attention to the ingredients. “I designed it like I would have for the skin because that’s what I know,” says Ganter. “And then we adapted it so it could be spread out through air conditioning by making it brighter and less 5 . You want something that smells good in the space, not overwhelming.” Finally, “Musc Imperial” was launched at the Majestic in 2015, and soon after, guests demanded it in perfume form. The hotel requested that it be made into an amenities line (洗护用品系列), ending Bulgari’s 6 position as its sole retailer. “Guests may not pay that much attention to the scent, but, 7 , they’re aware it’s there when they walk into the lobby.” She says, “If you bring home the shower gel, it transports you back to the place where you had a really good time.” Which is precisely the whole point of signature scents for hotels: creating an olfactory (嗅觉的) memory that, when 8 again, can trigger nostalgia, ultimately driving repeat business. The 9 between a hotel’s personality and the signature scent is an important one. When there’s a disconnect, it could potentially lead to disastrous results, thus hurting its brand identity. No one will know for certain how a(n) 10 fragrance will be received, but when done right, it enhances the overall experience. For Ganter, it paid off when she dreamed up “Musc Imperial”. 【答案】 1．H 2．K 3．G 4．F 5．C 6．E 7．J 8．I 9．A 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Atelier Cologne创始人Sylvie Ganter为五星级酒店Majestic设计了一款标志性香氛Musc Imperial，通过捕捉酒店的精神和美学，创造了一种能够唤起客人怀旧情感并推动重复消费的嗅觉体验。 1．考查名词。句意：“我当时完全不知所措，”她回忆道。空处作at的宾语，结合前一句“But for a building?”可推知，H项loss“困惑，不知所措”符合题意，at a loss是固定短语，意为“困惑，不知所措”，表示“我当时完全不知所措”。故选H。 2．考查动词。句意：第一步是让自己沉浸在酒店中。空处作表语，结合下一句的“She stayed there over a long weekend, soaking up every detail”可推知，K项throwing“投入，投身（于）”符合题意，表示“沉浸在酒店中”。故选K。 3．考查副词。句意：这让原本看似不可能的任务变得清晰，让她看到了如何捕捉酒店精神的希望。空处修饰形容词abstract，结合“abstract task”可推知，G项impossibly“不可能地”符合题意，表示“看似不可能的任务”。故选G。 4．考查动词。句意：一旦她确定了想要唤起的情调——时尚、优雅和永恒——她便将注意力转向了原料。空处作谓语，结合“she turned her attention to the ingredients”可推知，F项established“确定”符合题意，表示“确定了想要唤起的情调”。故选F。 5．考查形容词。句意：然后我们对其进行了调整，使其通过空调系统扩散时更轻盈、不那么强烈。空处作宾语补足语，和less构成比较级，结合下一句“You want something that smells good in the space, not overwhelming.”可推知，C项concentrated“密集的，集中的”符合题意，表示“不那么强烈”。故选C。 6．考查形容词。句意：酒店还要求将其制成洗护用品系列，结束了宝格丽作为其唯一零售商的主导地位。空处修饰名词position，结合“as its sole retailer”可推知，E项dominant“主导的”符合题意，表示“唯一零售商的主导地位”。故选E。 7．考查副词。句意：客人可能不会特别注意香氛，但潜意识里，当他们走进大堂时，他们会意识到它的存在。空处修饰后面整个句子，结合“they’re aware it’s there when they walk into the lobby”可推知，J项subconsciously“潜意识地”符合题意，表示“潜意识里，他们会意识到它的存在”。故选J。 8．考查动词。句意：这正是酒店标志性香氛的意义所在：创造一种嗅觉记忆，当再次展现时，可以唤起怀旧之情，最终推动重复消费。此处用了when引导时间状语从句，从句无主语，为省略形式，对主语和be动词同时进行了省略，结合“can trigger nostalgia, ultimately driving repeat business”可推知，I项presented“展现”符合题意，表示“当再次展现时”。故选I。 9．考查名词。句意：酒店个性与标志性香氛之间的契合非常重要。空处作主语，结合下一句中的“When there’s a disconnect”可推知，A项agreement“一致，相合”符合题意，表示“酒店个性与标志性香氛之间的契合”。故选A。 10．考查形容词。句意：没有人能确定一款定制香氛会如何被接受，但如果做得好，它会提升整体体验。空处修饰名词fragrance，结合全文第一句中的“Six years ago, Atelier Cologne (古龙水) founder Sylvie Ganter was offered a challenge: to create a signature scent for the Majestic”可推知，D项custom“定制的，定做的”符合题意，表示“一款定制香氛”。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·上海封浜高级中学·期末)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accidentally    B．applying    C． connections   D．defined   E. examples  F. explaining G. reflect     H. thoughtfully    I. trends    J. various    K. called A mathematics teacher asks her students to design a floor plan for a community center, including dance areas and a place for a band. Why? Because such a design will involve several geometric shapes and a/an 1 area, and the students must use what they have studied about the computation of area to make an effective plan. A history teacher asks his students to 2 on and write about their experiences holding jobs and their relationships with their employers. Why? Because the students will soon be studying the Industrial Revolution, focusing on how it shaped the experiences of and relationships among members of 3 social classes in the United States. A science teacher asks her students to prepare statements 4 their position on whether the president should sign an international environmental treaty. Why? Because preparing these statements will engage the students in assessing and 5 a number of scientific views on global warming. Anyone alert to current 6 in teaching practice will not be surprised by these examples. They illustrate the practice on the part of many teachers to engage students more 7 in the subject matter they are learning by helping students to draw 8 between their lives and the subject matter, between principles and practice, past and present, and present and future. Yet there is also something unusual about these 9 : not what appears on the surface but what lies behind it. These three learning activities were developed with the help of a simple set of guidelines 10 the Teaching for Understanding Framework. 【答案】 1．D 2．G 3．J 4．F 5．B 6．I 7．H 8．C 9．E 10．K 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是通过设计社区中心平面图、反思个人工作经历及准备环境条约声明等教学活动，来增强学生对学科知识的理解与应用能力的方法。 1．考查形容词。句意：因为这样的设计将涉及几个几何形状和一个定义好的面积，学生必须使用他们所学的关于面积计算的知识来制定有效的计划。此处为形容词修饰名词area，结合句意，此处表示“定义好的”面积，用形容词defined作定语，意为“界定的，定义好的”，符合语境。故填D。 2．考查动词。句意：历史老师要求学生反思并写一写他们工作的经历以及与雇主的关系。此空位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处使用动词原形，结合句意可知，此处表示让学生“反思”，用动词reflect，符合语境。故填G。 3．考查形容词。句意：因为学生们很快就要学习工业革命，关注它是如何塑造了美国不同社会阶层成员的经历和关系。此处为形容词修饰名词social classes，结合句意可知，此处表示“不同的”社会阶层，用形容词various作定语。故填J。 4．考查动词。句意：科学老师要求她的学生准备声明，解释他们的立场，说明总统是否应该签署一项国际环境条约。该句中有谓语动词，根据句子结构，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，结合句意可知，此处表示“解释”他们的立场，用动词explain，与所修饰词statements之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式explaining。故填F。 5．考查动词。句意：因为准备这些声明将使学生参与评估和应用一系列关于全球变暖的科学观点。此空与and前的assessing为并列关系，所以此处为动名词形式作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“应用”科学观点，用动词apply的动名词形式applying。故填B。 6．考查名词。句意：任何对当前教学实践中趋势敏感的人都不会对这些例子感到惊讶。空前有形容词current，且to为介词，所以此处为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示当前的教学实践“趋势”，用复数名词trends，符合语境。故填I。 7．考查副词。句意：他们展示了许多教师的做法，通过帮助学生在所学的学科内容与他们的生活之间、原则与实践之间、过去与现在以及现在与未来之间建立联系，以更深入思考的方式引导学生参与到学习材料中。此处为副词修饰动词engage，结合句意可知，此处表示“深思熟虑地”，用副词thoughtfully作状语，符合语境。故填H。 8．考查名词。句意：他们展示了许多教师的做法，通过帮助学生在所学的学科内容与他们的生活之间、原则与实践之间、过去与现在以及现在与未来之间建立联系，以更深入思考的方式引导学生参与到学习材料中。此处为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示建立“联系”，用复数名词connections，符合语境。故填C。 9．考查名词。句意：然而，这些例子也有不寻常之处：不是表面上的东西，而是背后的东西。此处为名词作宾语，空前有these修饰，所以此处使用名词复数形式，结合句意可知，此处表示前面提到的教学活动的“例子”，用复数名词examples，符合语境。故填E。 10．考查动词。句意：这三个学习活动是在一个称为“教学理解框架”的简单指南的帮助下开发出来的。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词guidelines，结合句意可知，此处表示被称为“教学理解框架”，动词call与所修饰词之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填K。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·上海市西中学·期末)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．purchase  B．created  C． pick  D．promoting  E. donating  F. ignore G. rewarding  H. recycle  I. opportunity  J. serving  K. started Amazing Kids of the Month — Hannah and Alexander Laman Hannah and Alexander Laman, 11-year-old twins from Ohio, love reading. They both love reading so much that it is almost impossible to 1 a favourite book. “I have many favourite books. If I had to select one, it would be Believe It or Not,” Hannah said. So when these two young bookworms heard that some children didn’t have access to books, they believed that was a problem they just couldn’t 2 . In 2011, they 3 Adopt A Book, an organisation that donates books to schools and programmes in need. “We wanted to make a difference because we love reading lots of books,” Alexander said. They 4 by sharing their own books, and then the organisation grew by taking book donations from others. So far, the twins’ organisation has donated over 45,000 books to schools, and programmes 5 children in need from Cincinnati to as far away as Zimbabwe. With a successful book- 6 organisation that just keeps expanding, what’s ahead for these two? Well, they’ve already started it! Hannah and Alexander are 7 literacy for children through their Little Free Library. “The library is free and you can take a book and leave a book.” the twins’ mum, Angela, explained. This has encouraged many kids and adults to 8 their reading materials and also encourage others to read. The twins have received many rewards through improving literacy. “Other kids have the 9 to read and own books of their own. That’s the most 10 part of sharing books with others.” said Hannah. Maybe you want to start small. Collect gently-used books from your home that you don’t need anymore, and donate them to Adopt A Book. Any little bit that you can do truly makes a difference! 【答案】 1．C 2．F 3．B 4．K 5．J 6．E 7．D 8．H 9．I 10．G 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了美国俄亥俄州11岁的双胞胎汉娜和亚历山大·拉曼，因热爱阅读而关注“部分儿童无书可读”的问题，进而创立公益组织“Adopt A Book”捐赠书籍，并通过“小免费图书馆”推广儿童读写能力，展现了他们的爱心与社会责任感。 1．考查动词。句意：他们太爱读书了，以至于几乎不可能选出一本最喜欢的书。根据后文““I have many favourite books. If I had to select one, it would be Believe It or Not,” Hannah said.”可知，此处指“挑选”最喜欢的书；“it is impossible to do sth”为固定结构，to后接动词原形，“pick(挑选)”与“select”语义相近，符合语境。故填C。 2．考查动词。句意：所以当这两个小书虫听说有些孩子没有书可读时，他们认为这个问题是他们不能忽视的。根据后文“In 2011, they 　3　 Adopt A Book, an organisation that donates books to schools and programmes in need.”他们创立组织捐赠书籍可知，他们没有“忽视”儿童无书可读的问题；“couldn’t”后接动词原形，“ignore(忽视、忽略)”符合“主动关注并解决问题”的语境。故填F。 3．考查动词。句意：2011年，他们创立了“Adopt A Book”——一个向有需要的学校和项目捐赠书籍的组织。根据后文“an organisation that donates books”可知，此处指“创立”组织；结合时间状语“In 2011”，句子时态为一般过去时，“created(创立、创建)”符合“建立公益组织”的语境。故填B。 4．考查动词。句意：他们从分享自己的书开始，之后通过接受他人捐赠的书籍，组织规模不断扩大。根据后文“by sharing their own books”和“then the organisation grew”可知，此处指组织“从……开始”；句子时态为一般过去时，“started(开始)”符合“从微小行动起步”的语境。故填K。 5．考查动词。句意：到目前为止，这对双胞胎的组织已经向学校捐赠了超过4.5万本书，这些项目为辛辛那提乃至远至津巴布韦的有需要的儿童提供服务。根据后文“children in need from Cincinnati to as far away as Zimbabwe.”可知，项目的作用是“服务”儿童；“programmes”与“serve(服务)”之间为主动关系，需用现在分词“serving”作后置定语，修饰programmes。故填J。 6．考查动词。句意：凭借一个不断发展壮大的成功书籍捐赠组织，这两个孩子未来还有什么计划呢？根据前文“an organisation that donates books”可知，此处指“书籍捐赠”组织；“book-donating”为复合形容词，意为“书籍捐赠的”，修饰organisation，“donating(捐赠)”符合“组织的核心功能是捐赠”的语境。故填E。 7．考查动词。句意：汉娜和亚历山大正通过他们的“小免费图书馆”推广儿童读写能力。根据后文“literacy for children through their Little Free Library”可知，他们的动作是“推广”读写能力；句子时态为现在进行时，“promoting(推广、促进)”符合“通过项目推动目标实现”的语境。故填D。 8．考查动词。句意：这鼓励了许多儿童和成人循环利用他们的阅读材料，也鼓励了其他人阅读。根据前文“the library is free and you can take a book and leave a book”可知，这种模式实现了阅读材料的“循环利用”；“encourage sb to do sth”为固定结构，to后接动词原形，“recycle(循环利用)”符合“资源重复使用”的语境。故填H。 9．考查名词。句意：其他孩子有机会阅读并拥有自己的书。根据后文“to read and own books of their own”可知，这是双胞胎的行动为其他孩子提供的“机会”；“have the opportunity to do sth”为固定短语，意为“有机会做某事”，“opportunity(机会)”符合“为他人创造条件”的语境。故填I。 10．考查形容词。句意：这是与他人分享书籍最有意义的部分。根据前文“The twins have received many rewards through improving literacy”和“Other kids have the 9 to read and own books of their own.”可知，让其他孩子受益是“有意义的”；“part(部分)”为名词，需用形容词修饰，“rewarding(有意义的、值得的)”符合“付出带来积极结果”的语境。故填G。 Passage 5 （24-25高二上·上海彭浦中学·期末)Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the words in the box. Each can only be used once. A．targeted    B．limit    C． subject        D．insightful        E. justify        F. projected G. chiefly        H. accessible        I. admittedly        J. purchase        K. prized We live today indebted to McCardell, Cashin, and other women who freed American fashion from the 1 of Parisian design. These designers established the modern dress code, letting playsuits and other active outfits suit casual clothing, allowing pants to enter the wardrobe, and promoting rationalism and utility (实用性) in dress, in contrast to dressing for an occasion. Fashion in America was logical and 2 only to the will of the women who wore it. American fashion addressed a democracy, whereas traditional Paris-based fashion was conventional and imposed on women, willing or not. In an earlier time, 3 , American fashion had followed the lead of Paris, or even pirated (窃用) specific French designs. However, designer sportswear was not modeled on that of Europe; it was genuinely invented and developed in America. The design objective and the business commitment were 4 at sportswear, and the distinctive traits were problem-solving ingenuity (独创性) and realistic lifestyle applications. Ease of care was most important: summer dresses and outfits, in particular, were 5 cotton, readily capable of being washed and pressed at home. Clothes were simple, practical, and 6 , as the modern woman depended on no personal maid to dress her. American designers 7 the freedom of women who wore the clothing. Many have argued that the women designers of that time 8 their own clothing values into a new style. Of course, much of this argument in the 1930s-40s was advanced because there was little or no experience in designing clothes on the basis of utility. But could utility alone 9 the new ideas of the American designers? Fashion is often regarded as a pursuit of beauty, and some cherished fashion’s relationship to the fine arts. What the designers of the American sportswear proved was that fashion is a design art, answering to the demanding needs of service. Of course these practical, 10 designers have determined the course of late twentieth-century fashion. They were the pioneers of gender equity, in their useful, adaptable clothing, which was both made for the masses and capable of self-expression. 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．I 4．A 5．G 6．H 7．K 8．F 9．E 10．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章核心为美国女性设计师将时尚从巴黎束缚中解放，以实用为核心引领潮流。 1．考查名词。句意：我们如今应当感谢麦卡德尔、卡欣和其他女性，是她们将美国时尚从巴黎设计的限制中解放出来。此处表示美国时尚摆脱了巴黎设计的束缚，free...from the limit of... 是固定搭配，意为 “将…… 从…… 的限制中解放”，limit（限制）符合语义。故选B。 2．考查形容词。句意：美国时尚是符合逻辑的，且只受穿着它的女性的意愿支配。此处表示美国时尚的主导权在女性自身，be subject to是固定搭配，意为“受……支配”；subject可作形容词，意为“受……支配的”。故选C。 3．考查副词。句意：诚然，在更早的时候，美国时尚曾追随巴黎的潮流，甚至盗用特定的法国设计。此处表让步语气，承认美国时尚过去模仿巴黎的事实。admittedly（诚然）为副词，作插入语修饰整个句子，符合语义。故选I。 4．考查动词。句意：设计目标和商业承诺都针对运动装。此处表示设计和商业均聚焦运动装，targeted（针对）符合语义。be targeted at是固定搭配，意为“针对”。故选A。 5．考查副词。句意：易于护理是最重要的：尤其是夏装和套装，主要是棉质的，很容易在家里清洗和熨烫。此处表示夏装和套装主要是棉质的，chiefly（主要地）为副词，作状语，符合语义。故选G。 6．考查形容词。句意：服装简单、实用且容易穿着，因为现代女性没有私人女仆为其穿衣。此处表示无女仆帮忙时服装需容易穿着，accessible（易使用的）符合语义。此处形容词作表语与“simple, practical”并列。故选H。 7．考查动词。句意：美国设计师推崇穿着这些服装的女性的自由。此处表示设计师支持女性穿衣自由，prized（推崇）符合语义。句子缺谓语动词且表过去行为，需用动词过去式，prized为动词过去式。故选K。 8．考查动词。句意：许多人认为，当时的女性设计师将自己的服装价值观投射成一种新风格。此处表示将价值观转化为新风格，projected（投射）符合语义。project...into...为固定表达，表示“将……投射到……”，句子缺谓语动词且表过去行为，projected为动词过去式。故选F。 9．考查动词。句意：但仅凭实用性就能证明美国设计师的新想法是合理的吗？此处表达了“实用性能否支撑新想法”的疑问，justify（证明……合理）符合语义。情态动词could后需接动词原形。故选E。 10．考查形容词。句意：当然，这些务实、有洞察力的设计师决定了20世纪后期时尚的走向。此处表示设计师能引领时尚说明其有见地，insightful（有洞察力的）符合语义，作定语修饰designers，与practical并列。故选D。 三、人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·上大附中·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．precisely B．absence C． immediately D．insight E. roles F. allowing G. modified H. challenging I. significance J. rarely  K. lack Are legs more important than arms? Evolution has equipped animals with arms and legs of all shapes and sizes. But does one type of limb hold greater 1 than another? The answer lies in a different question: What species are you talking about? “Animals live in in different environments and they play unique ecological 2 ,” John Hutchinson, a professor of evolutionary biomechanics at the Royal Veterinary College in London, told Live Science. “What we can do is to observe the patterns we see in nature over time and examine how legs and arms have evolved, giving us 3 into their significance.” Let’s start with humans, which are bipedal, meaning we use only two legs to walk, instead of four. Consequently, survival without legs would likely be more 4 than without arms, particularly in the 5 of mobility aids for disabled people, such as wheelchairs. Humans are an example where we’ve emphasized our legs — they’re much bigger, longer and stronger. But for birds, arms — or, more 6 , wings — are vastly more important than their legs. Bird wings are essentially 7 arms that are adapted for flight and they often make up the largest part of a flying bird’s body. One reason why you 8 encounter birds with injured wings is that it severely hinders their ability to survive. Some species don’t depend on legs or arms because they 9 them. From snakes to worms, many species have evolved to become limbless, 10 them to better capture prey or move swiftly through their environment, where extra limbs may actually get in the way, according to the Florida State Parks Department. “That’s very common, actually, that front and hind legs are not important at all,” Hutchinson said. “Plenty of animals again and again — from fish to snakes — have reduced all four limbs.” 【答案】 1．I 2．E 3．D 4．H 5．B 6．A 7．G 8．J 9．K 10．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了对于动物而言，腿还是胳膊更重要的问题。 1．考查名词。句意：但是一种肢体比另一种更重要吗？根据“But does one type of limb hold greater”以及句意“重要性”可知应用名词significance，作宾语，不可数。故选I。 2．考查名词。句意：“动物生活在不同的环境中，它们扮演着独特的生态角色，”伦敦皇家兽医学院的进化生物力学教授约翰·哈钦森告诉《生活科学》杂志。根据“Animals live in in different environments and they play unique ecological”以及句意“角色”可知应用名词role，主语为they，应用复数形式，作宾语，故选E。 3．考查名词。句意：“我们能做的就是观察我们在自然界中看到的模式，研究腿和手臂是如何进化的，让我们深入了解它们的重要性。”根据“into their significance”以及句意“了解”可知应用名词insight，作宾语，故选D。 4．考查形容词。句意：因此，没有腿的生存可能比没有胳膊的生存更具挑战性，特别是在没有轮椅等残疾人行动辅助工具的情况下。根据“survival without legs would likely be more”以及句意“挑战性”可知应用形容词challenging，故选H。 5．考查名词。句意：因此，没有腿的生存可能比没有胳膊的生存更具挑战性，特别是在没有轮椅等残疾人行动辅助工具的情况下。根据“survival without legs would likely be more”、“of mobility aids for disabled people, such as wheelchairs”以及句意“没有，缺少”可知应用名词absence，故选B。 6．考查副词。句意：但对鸟类来说，手臂——或者更准确地说，翅膀——比腿重要得多。根据“wings — are vastly more important than their legs”以及句意“准确地”可知应用副词precisely，作状语，故选A。 7．考查形容词。句意：鸟类的翅膀本质上是为了适应飞行而改装的手臂，它们通常构成了飞行鸟类身体的最大部分。根据“that are adapted for flight”以及句意“改装的”可知应用形容词modified，修饰名词arms。故选G。 8．考查副词。句意：你很少遇到翅膀受伤的鸟的一个原因是，这严重阻碍了它们的生存能力。根据“encounter birds with injured wings is that it severely hinders their ability to survive”以及句意“很少”可知应用副词rarely，故选J。 9．考查动词。句意：有些物种不依赖腿或胳膊，因为它们没有腿或胳膊。根据“Some species don’t depend on legs or arms”以及句意“没有”可知应用动词lack，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为they，谓语用原形。故选K。 10．考查动词。句意：根据佛罗里达州立公园部门的说法，从蛇到蠕虫，许多物种已经进化成无肢动物，这使得它们能够更好地捕捉猎物或在环境中快速移动，而多余的四肢实际上可能会妨碍它们。根据“them to better capture prey or move swiftly through their environment”以及句意“使得”可知应用非谓语动词allowing，与上文构成主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故选F。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·上海吴淞中学·期末）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．mental  B．stick  C． endure  D．physical  E. exhaustion  F. accompanied G. nature  H. urge  I. application  J. request   K. rescue The desire to explore is a powerful part of human 1 . For many people, going on adventures is not just for fun; it feels necessary for their 2 survival. It helps them escape boring routines. However, the decision to go on a real adventure is not easy. It requires careful planning. Adventurers must be ready to 3 many difficulties, such as bad weather, unexpected obstacles and extreme 4 . Therefore, before starting, it is very important to make every effort to prepare safely. This includes studying maps and checking the weather. True adventure often tests your limits. I remember a difficult hike I went on alone. The path was very steep, and after hours of walking, I felt completely tired. My water was almost gone, and I started to feel a bit scared. Just then, another hiker appeared. He saw my situation and generously came to my 5 by sharing his water and food. This kindness gave me the strength to continue. During the hardest parts of the climb, I had to 6 to my plan and not give up. The beautiful views that 7 me along the way also encouraged me. Finally reaching the mountain top was an incredible feeling. That success was a practical 8 of all the preparations and efforts. These adventurous experiences teach us strong lessons. The memories exist in your mind for a long time. They make you stronger and more confident. Usually I have an even stronger 9 to seek new challenges after one adventure ends. It feels like the world is making a 10 for you to see more of its wonders. Every journey, big or small, changes you a little. 【答案】 1．G 2．A 3．C 4．E 5．K 6．B 7．F 8．I 9．H 10．J 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文探讨了人类探索的欲望以及冒险对于个人成长和精神生存的重要性。 1．考查名词。句意：探索的欲望是人类天性中强大的一部分。根据上文“the desire to explore”可知，探索欲是人类与生俱来的特质，空处作宾语，需用名词，表示“天性，特质”nature。故选G。 2．考查形容词。句意：对许多人来说，冒险不仅仅是为了乐趣；这对他们的精神生存来说似乎是必要的。根据上文“not just for fun”和下文“escape boring routines”可知，冒险的意义更多在于精神层面，空处作定语，修饰名词survival，表示“精神上的”应用mental。故选A。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：冒险者必须准备好承受许多困难，比如恶劣的天气、意想不到的障碍和极度疲惫。根据下文“bad weather, unexpected obstacles”可知，恶劣天气、意外障碍等，均为冒险中需要忍受、应对的困难，be ready to do sth为固定搭配，意为“准备好做某事”，空处需填动词原形，表示“忍受”应用动词endure。故选C。 4．考查名词。句意：冒险者必须准备好承受许多困难，比如恶劣的天气、意想不到的障碍和极度疲惫。根据“bad weather, unexpected obstacles”可知，在经历恶劣的天气、意想不到的障碍后应是疲惫，空处作宾语，需填名词，表示“疲惫”应用exhaustion。故选E。 5．考查名词。句意：他看到了我的处境，慷慨地伸出援手，分享了他的水和食物。上文提到作者“water was almost gone, felt a bit scared”（水快喝完了，有点害怕），处于困境中，下文“sharing his water and food”（分享水和食物）是“救援、帮助”的行为，“come to one’s rescue”为固定搭配，意为“救助某人”，空处需填名词rescue。故选K。 6．考查动词。句意：在攀登最艰难的部分时，我必须坚持我的计划，不能放弃。根据下文“not give up”可知，此处表示坚持计划，had to后面接动词原形，表示“坚持”应用动词短语stick to，空处需填stick。故选B。 7．考查动词。句意：沿途陪伴着我的美丽景色也鼓舞了我。根据“beautiful views”可知，美丽景色在攀登过程中伴随着作者，表示“陪伴”应用动词accompany，空处作从句谓语，结合下文“encouraged”可知，使用一般过去时。故选F。 8．考查名词。句意：那次成功是所有准备和努力的实际体现。根据上文“Finally reaching the mountain top”可知，登顶成功是努力的实际体现。空处作表语，不定冠词a提示此处为单数名词。表示“体现，应用”应用名词application。故选I。 9．考查名词。句意：通常，一次冒险结束后，我会有更强烈的渴望去寻求新的挑战。上文提到冒险经历“make you stronger and more confident”（让人更强大自信），结合人类探索欲的天性，成功的冒险会激发更强烈的渴望，空处作宾语，不定冠词an提示此处为名词单数形式，表示“渴望”应用urge。故选H。 10．考查名词。句意：感觉就像世界在请求你去看看它的更多奇迹。根据下文“to see more of its wonders.”可知，这里用拟人的手法，说世界在请求人们去发现它的更多奇观，空处作宾语，不定冠词a提示此处为名词单数形式，表示“请求”应用名词request。故选J。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·上海同济附属二中·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．abandoned    B．ancestors     C． crucial     D．enthusiasm E. implied     F. incredibly     G. unnecessarily     H. overall I. preserving     J. rewarding     K. shelter The Invaluable Sanctuary (庇护所): Nature’s Role in Mental Well-being In the fast-paced urban life of Shanghai, where digital screens often dominate our attention, the vital habit of immersing ourselves in the natural world is often 1 . We frequently prioritize academic and social commitments over time spent outdoors, unaware of the gradual price this takes on our inner peace. However, a growing body of scientific evidence firmly positions time in green spaces not as a simple leisure activity, but as absolutely 2 for our cognitive performance and psychological resilience (复原力). These studies have 3 that even short, intentional exposure to natural environments can boost beneficial physiological changes, which in turn enhances our ability to concentrate. For students facing the pressures of exams and social dynamics, seeking out a quiet spot in a local park or along a riverbank can provide a much-needed mental 4 , offering a break from constant stimulation. This longing for nature is inherited from our 5 whose daily existence and sense of well-being were deeply woven with the natural landscape. By consciously reconnecting with this inborn connection, we refresh our 6 for learning and discovery. This understanding enhances our responsibility for 7 and cherishing urban green spaces. The 8 impact of making nature a regular part of our lives is very broad and positive, contributing not only to emotional stability but also to fostering creative thinking and problem-solving skills. On a personal note, I consistently find that a few hours spent walking in a forest or simply sitting by a lake proves 9 effective in restoring a sense of calm. In conclusion, the conscious effort to cultivate a strong, ongoing relationship with the natural environment is deeply 10 on multiple levels. It gently teaches us the value of slowing down, helps us discover joy in the subtle details of the world around us, and guides us in caring for our mental landscape. 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．E 4．K 5．B 6．D 7．I 8．H 9．F 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出在快节奏的城市生活中，人们常忽视亲近自然的重要性。研究表明，接触自然环境对认知和心理复原力至关重要，与自然建立联系有助于学习，并强调了保护和珍惜城市绿地的重要性。 1．考查动词。句意：在上海快节奏的城市生活中，数字屏幕常常占据我们的注意力，而沉浸于自然世界的这一重要习惯却常常被忽视。空格处为谓语动词，根据语境可知，此处表示“被忽视”，abandoned“被抛弃，被忽视”符合句意，使用过去分词与前文的is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选A项。 2．考查形容词。句意：然而，越来越多的科学证据坚定地将身处绿色空间的时间定位为不是简单的休闲活动，而是对我们的认知表现和心理复原力绝对至关重要的。空格处为表语，根据语境可知，此处表示“至关重要的”，crucial“至关重要的”符合句意。故选C项。 3．考查动词。句意：这些研究已经暗示，即使是短暂而有意识地接触自然环境也能促进有益的生理变化，这反过来又能提高我们的注意力。空格处为谓语动词，根据语境可知，此处表示“暗示”，implied“暗示”符合句意，此处使用过去分词与前文的have构成现在完成时。故选E项。 4．考查名词。句意：对于面临考试压力和社会动态的学生来说，在当地公园或河岸边寻找一个安静的地方可以提供急需的精神庇护所，让人们从不断的刺激中解脱出来。空格处为宾语，根据语境可知，此处表示“庇护所”，名词shelter“庇护所”符合句意。故选K项。 5．考查名词。句意：这种对自然的渴望是从我们的祖先那里继承下来的，他们的日常生活和幸福感与自然景观紧密相连。空格处为介词from的宾语，根据语境可知，此处表示“祖先”，名词复数ancestors“祖先”符合句意。故选B项。 6．考查名词。句意：通过有意识地重新建立这种与生俱来的联系，我们重新激发了对学习和发现的热情。空格处为宾语，根据语境可知，此处表示“热情”，enthusiasm“热情”符合句意。故选D项。 7．考查动名词。句意：这种理解增强了我们对保护和珍惜城市绿地的责任感。空格处为介词for的宾语，与cherishing并列，根据语境可知，此处表示“保护”，preserving“保护”符合句意。故选I项。 8．考查形容词。句意：让自然成为我们生活常规部分的整体影响是非常广泛和积极的，不仅有助于情绪稳定，还有助于培养创造性思维和解决问题的能力。空格处为定语，修饰名词impact，根据语境可知，此处表示“整体的”，overall“整体的”符合句意。故选H项。 9．考查副词。句意：就我个人而言，我一直发现，在森林里散步几个小时，或者只是坐在湖边，都能非常有效地恢复平静感。空格处为状语，修饰形容词effective，根据语境可知，此处表示“非常”，incredibly“非常”符合句意。故选F项。 10．考查形容词。句意：总之，有意识地努力与自然环境建立牢固、持续的关系在多个层面上都是非常有益的。空格处为表语，根据语境可知，此处表示“有益的”，rewarding“有益的”符合句意。故选J项。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·上海松江区·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need A．acquire    B．adding    C．alternative    D．cautious    E．company    F．correctly G．essential    H．persistently    I．processing    J．rule    K．survival Spelling Bees? No, But They Can Do Arithmetic Honeybees can learn to add and abstract, according to research showing that while the insects have tiny brains, they are still surprisingly clever. Researchers behind the study have previously found that honeybees can apparently understand the concept of zero, and learn to 1 indicate which of two groups of objects is the smaller. But now they say insects can learn to carry out exact numerical calculations such as adding and subtracting a given number. “Their brain can manage a long-term 2 and apply that to a mathematical problem to come up with a correct answer,” said Dr. Adrian Dyer, co-author of the research from RMIT University in Australia. “That is a different type of number 3 .” If the team are right, the insects are in good 4 . While it was once thought that only humans could manage such calculations, the authors note recent research has revealed an enormous number of creatures can keep track of numbers or even add or subtract. The team say the latest research adds to a growing body of evidence that language is not 5 for learning how to manipulate numbers. And there’s more. “It is teaching us a lot about what brains can do and what necessary structures you might need in brains to achieve certain outcomes,” said Dyer. However, Paul Graham, professor of neuroethology at the University of Sussex, was 6 , and said it was not clear that the bees really did have a concept of mathematical operations, or even numbers. “In reality, you don’t really know what the animal has done, because you are not investigating how it is doing it,” he said, 7 it was hard to design an experiment to exclude other simpler explanations for the bees’ behaviour. Writing in the journal Science Advances, Dyer said the prevalence (普遍性) of numerical competence across the animal kingdom was “suspicious”, leading him to believe it might be a widespread phenomenon in animals that aids 8 . However, he added it was difficult to test this, and said there was a(n) 9 explanation-the real phenomenon is the ability to make associations and solve problems, rather than have or 10 numerical skills. 【答案】 1．F 2．J 3．I 4．E 5．G 6．D 7．B 8．K 9．C 10．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明，蜜蜂可以学会添加和提取，尽管这种昆虫的大脑很小，但它们仍然非常聪明。这项研究背后的研究人员此前发现，蜜蜂显然能够理解零的概念，并学会正确地指出两组物体中哪一组较小。 1．考查副词。句意：这项研究背后的研究人员此前发现，蜜蜂显然能够理解零的概念，并学会正确地指出两组物体中哪一组较小。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词indicate，correctly“正确地”为副词，符合句意。故选F项。 2．考查名词。句意：他们的大脑可以管理长期规则，并将其应用于数学问题，从而得出正确答案。分析句子可知，空前long-term为形容词短语，此处为名词形式作宾语成分，rule“规则”为名词，符合句意。故选J项。 3．考查名词。句意：这是一种不同的数字处理方式。分析句子可知，空前of为介词，此处为名词形式，和number构成名词短语作宾语，number processing“数字处理方式”为名词短语，符合句意。故选I项。 4．考查固定短语。句意：研究团队是正确的，那么蜜蜂有很多能进行类似计算的同伴。分析句子可知，此处“in good company”为固定短语，意为“有伴儿，不孤单”，满足句意要求。故选E项。 5．考查形容词。句意：研究小组表示，这项最新研究进一步证明，语言对于学习如何操作数字并不重要。分析句子可知，空前is为系动词，此处为形容词作表语，essential“重要的”为形容词，符合句意。故选G项。 6．考查形容词。句意：然而，苏塞克斯大学（University of Sussex）神经行为学教授保罗·格雷厄姆（Paul Graham）对此持谨慎态度，他说，目前还不清楚蜜蜂是否真的有数学运算或偶数的概念。分析句子可知，空前was为系动词，此处为形容词作表语，cautious“谨慎的”作表语，符合句意。故选D项。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：“实际上，你并不真正知道这种动物做了什么，因为你没有研究它是如何做到的，”他说，并补充说，很难设计一个实验来排除蜜蜂行为的其他更简单的解释。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，adding“补充”为现在分词，符合句意。故选B项。 8．考查名词。句意：戴尔在《科学进展》杂志上撰文称，动物王国中普遍存在的数字能力是“可疑的”，这使他相信这可能是动物中帮助生存的普遍现象。分析句子可知，空前aids为动词，此处为名词作宾语形式，survival“生存”为名词，符合句意。故选K项。 9．考查形容词。句意：然而，他补充说，很难验证这一点，并表示有另一种解释——真正的现象是建立联系和解决问题的能力，而不是拥有或获得数字技能。分析句子可知，空后explanation为名词，此处为形容词作定语修饰该名词，alternative“可替代的，另类的”为形容词，符合句意。故选C项。 10．考查动词。句意：然而，他补充说，很难验证这一点，并表示有另一种解释——真正的现象是建立联系和解决问题的能力，而不是拥有或获得数字技能。分析句子可知，此处为动词作谓语成分，acquire“获得”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。 Passage 5 （24-25高二上·上海七宝中学·期末）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．reassessing   B．implementation   C． resembled  D．crucially   E. eliminating   F. quantity G. boasted   H. trialing   I. distinctly   J. outnumbered   K. due War on plastic packaging divides consumer opinion First it was the yogurt pot lids, colored milk bottle top s and best-before labels removed in the name of the war on plastic. But when one supermarket sucked the air out of packets of meat, for some shoppers it was a bridge too far. Sainsbury’s had 1 a “supermarket first” but its vacuum-packed meat made some uncomfortable. Minus the air, meat becomes a dense red slice, with one customer complaining it 2 a body part, even if the packing method did cut 450 tomes of plastic a year. Supermarkets and manufacturers are rapidly 3 the packaging of every product in light of government collection and packaging reforms designed to slash waste. A deposit return scheme is 4 to start in Scotland this summer and in the rest of the U.K. in 2025. The measure also includes the introduction of a consistent household recycling scheme in England that will mandate (授权) local authorities to collect the same items and materials. The 5 date has yet to be confirmed. Another is the extended producer responsibility (EPR) scheme, which requires manufacturers to pay the full cost of packaging waste. It kicked in this year with companies now required to collect data on the 6 of packaging they put on the market, with the first fees due to be collected in 2024. The major supermarkets are all signatories (签署方) to the U.K. Plastics Pact, led by the sustainability charity Wrap. It has set targets to hit by 2025 including 7 problem plastic and ensuring that 100% of plastic packaging can be reusable, recyclable or compostable (可用作堆肥的). In its annual report, Catherine David, director of the U.K. Plastics Pact, listed the wins, which included the removal of 620m plastic items from supermarket shelves since 2018; that rigid plastic packaging was now 92% recyclable and that nearly half of its members were 8 reuse and refill systems. The Guardian asked readers for their views on the packaging changes they were seeing and, 9 , whether they thought they were an improvement. While some steps, like the removal of plastic packaging from Easter egg boxes, were universally welcomed, readers said others might be wrong-headed. They questioned the removal of hard plastic lids from spill-prone yogurt and dip pots, and the decision to switch ice-cream out of plastic containers and into cardboard. A small number said they would be taking their meat business to Marks & Spencer or local butchers rather than buying vacuum-packed portions. But they were 10 by those who backed the change that Sainsbury’s said would stop 765,000 hard trays a year being thrown away. 【答案】 1．G 2．C 3．A 4．K 5．B 6．F 7．E 8．H 9．D 10．J 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论超市和生产商为减少塑料包装对环境的影响而采取的各种措施及其对消费者的影响。 1．考查动词。句意：塞恩斯伯里曾吹嘘“首个超市”，但其真空包装的肉类让一些人感到不舒服。句中缺少谓语，空处可使用动词，根据后文中带引号的“supermarket first(首个超市)”以及后文中“but its vacuum- packed meat made some uncomfortable(但其真空包装的肉类让一些人感到不舒服)”可知，此处有表示夸大的含义，空处可使用动词boasted(吹嘘；夸耀)在句中作谓语。故选G。 2．考查动词。句意：没有了空气，肉就变成了浓密的红色切片，一位顾客抱怨说，它就像身体的一部分，尽管这种包装方法每年确实能减少450吨塑料。前文提到顾客对这种包装形式有所抱怨，因此“a dense red slice(浓密的红色切片)”应该是“像”身体的一部分，空处可使用动词resembled(与……相似)在句中作谓语。故选C。 3．考查动词。句意：超市和制造商正在根据政府旨在减少浪费的收集和包装改革，迅速重新评估每种产品的包装。前文提到，尽管对塑料包装有所改变，但也不是人人都能接受，且后文提到“in light of government collection and packaging reforms designed to slash waste(正在根据政府旨在减少浪费的收集和包装改革)”因为政府提出包装改革，所以要对产品进行“重新评估”，动词reassessing(重新评估)符合文意。故选A。 4．考查固定短语。句意：存款返还计划将于今年夏天在苏格兰启动，并于2025年在英国其他地区启动。句中提到“this summer”及“2025”说明此处表示与预期的计划，此处可使用固定短语be due to do sth.，意为“预计做某事”。故选K。 5．考查名词。句意：实施日期尚未确定。后文提到“has yet to be confirmed(还未确定)”说明前文提到的存款返还计划的实施日期还未确定。空处可使用名词implementation(实施，执行)。故选B。 6．考查名词。句意：该法案于今年启动，各公司现在被要求收集它们投放市场的包装数量的数据，首批费用将于2024年收取。后文提到“with the first fees due to be collected in 2024(首批费用于2024年收取)”，说明各公司要收集投放到市场中的包装“数量”，才能收取一定的费用，空处可使用名词quantity(数量)作宾语。故选F。 7．考查动词。句意：它设定了到2025年实现的目标，包括消除问题塑料，并确保100%的塑料包装可以重复使用、可回收或可堆肥。根据后文“ensuring that 100% of plastic packaging can be reusable, recyclable or     compostable(并确保100%的塑料包装可以重复使用、可回收或可堆肥)”可知，此处表示2025年的要实现的目标应该包括“消除”问题塑料。空处可使用eliminating(排除)作宾语。故选E。 8．考查动词。句意：现在，92%的硬质塑料包装是可回收的，近一半的成员正在尝试再利用和再填充系统。前文提到“that rigid plastic packaging was now 92% recyclable(92%的硬质塑料包装是可回收的)”，硬质塑料包装是可以回收的，因此可以尝试将其再次利用。空处与were构成过去进行时，因此空处可使用动词trialing(试验)作谓语。故选H。 9．考查副词。句意：《卫报》向读者询问了他们对包装变化的看法，最重要的是，他们是否认为这是一种进步。此处表示的是对包装变化更进一步的看法，空处可使用副词crucially(最重要的是)作状语。故选D。 10．考查动词。句意：但支持这一改变的人太多了。塞恩斯伯里表示，这一改变每年将阻止76.5万个硬托盘被丢弃。前文提到一小部分人会去玛莎百货或者当地肉店卖肉，转折连词but(但是)表示情况有所不一样，说明支持这一改变的人变多了，空处与were构成一般过去时的被动语态，空处可使用动词outnumbered(超过，比……多)作谓语。故选J。 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $