考前押题01 语法填空进阶练15篇（期末复习专项训练）高二英语上学期沪教版

考前押题01 语法填空进阶练15篇 一、人与自我 1 二、人与社会 11 三、人与自然 21 一、人与自我 Passage 1 (25-26高二上·上海同济附中·校考)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Feeling depressed or lonely can age us faster than smoking, researchers say Feeling unhappy, depressed or lonely could speed up the aging processes more than smoking or even certain diseases, researchers have suggested. While everyone has an age based on their date of birth — “chronological age”, they also have 1 is known as a “biological age”, based on the ageing of the body’s functions, influenced by genetics, lifestyle and other factors. Studies have previously suggested the higher the biological age, the higher the risk of various diseases, and the risk of death. Now researchers say they have created a digital model of ageing, 2 (reveal) the importance of psychological health. “Your body and soul are connected, 3 is our main message,” said Fedor Galkin, a co-author of the study and lead scientist at the Hong Kong startup Deep Longevity. “We demonstrate that psychological factors, 4 feeling unhappy or being lonely, add up to 1.65 years to one’s biological age,” they write. 5 Galkin said the figure is an estimate, not least as the model assumes that different feelings like hopelessness or fearfulness are independent of each other, the study highlights that 6 fast we age is significantly associated with our psychological state. “Taking care of your psychological health is the greatest contributor to 7 (slow) down your pace of ageing,” he said. The team also reported that heavy smokers are 8 (likely) to be 15 months older than their non-smoking peers while living in urban areas reduces biological age by five months. Similarly, 9 (marry) takes about seven months off one’s biological age. But, he said, it is unlikely that isolation and loneliness are truly worse risk factors for health than smoking, while the study only looked at the data that 10 (collect) at one point in time. “The researchers did not follow up participants to show that those with psychological distress actually aged more rapidly,” he said. “It will be important in the future 11 (test) whether these predictions can be fulfilled by repeating testing over a number of years.” Passage 2 (25-26高二上·上海彭浦中学·校考)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Labubu dolls In recent months, everywhere I go, there’s been one accessory on everyone’s lips and bags. 1 I wanted to grab one myself, the truth is, they are harder to buy than you think. 2 viral products of the past (such as the Stanley craze), they sell out in seconds just to pop up on resale sites for five times the original price tag. Now let’s get into the history of these popular Labubu dolls. They 3 (originate) in Hong Kong in 2015, a time when designer toys were beginning to capture global attention. 4 (know) as elves(小精灵) set them apart from their popular predecessors (Hello Kitty and other plush characters). They came to fruition in a Nordic-inspired picture book that artist Kasing Lung created. After the initial release of the book, the popular toy company Pop Mart created the first collectible collection for sale in 2019, and since then, sales have soared as new collections are released. The Labubu creatures are a part of a tribe perceived as “The Monsters,” and other members of the group include Zimomo, Mokoko and more. From collection to collection, each can be seen wearing various outfits, different facial features and funny accessories. But don’t let the naughty smile make you think Labubu are evil. Lung says they are well-natured little creatures who have nothing but good intentions and 5 they sometimes inevitably end up in a difficulty. Now, 6 makes Labubu so popular, besides the obvious cute charm, is that they are collectibles and hard to get, so it adds to the excitement of the hunt. They also come in blind boxes so the hunt becomes 7 (hard) if you have a particular color or Monster in mind. Because of mystery of the blind boxes, the reveal can be a surprise which is why many fans record their first impression of their creature 8 (capture) the moment. This excitement transcends age groups and communities, with everyone from pop stars to middle school students 9 (wear) the bag charms. It creates a sense of joy and a moment 10 you can say, “Yes, I succeeded and found a Labubu.” Passage 3 (25-26高二上·上海中学·校考)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The family who eats together What’s the price of a family meal? For many families in the world’s wealthiest countries, the answer seems to be, ‘too much’. For instance, in the United States, 1 is often a trendsetter in such things, the majority of families report eating a single meal together fewer than five days a week. In fact, the frequency of shared meals   2 (decrease) in American families by 33 per cent over the last twenty years. The meals 3 have shortened too: from an average of 90 minutes to just 12 minutes. So perhaps we’re better off asking ourselves 4 the cost of not eating together is. Once again, we could turn to the figures. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has found that 15-year-olds who reported not regularly 5 (share) family meals were twice as likely to be absent from school. In Europe, research has suggested that children who don’t eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk of fatness. Another study, 6 (conduct) by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are 7 (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol. But those numbers, 8 they seem impressive, may be beside the point. After all, having a meal together is more than just a preventive measure 9 future misfortune. The primary cost of the family meal is also the very thing that makes it important: time. The time spent together over food leads to all the positive outcomes that are measured in the studies. So, we might arrange for the family mealtime 10 (act) as an occasion full of shared memories and feelings and ambitions. Passage 4 (25-26高二上·上海延安中学·校考)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Labubu dolls In recent months, everywhere I go, there’s been one accessory on everyone’s lips and bags. 1 I wanted to grab one myself, the truth is, they are harder to buy than you think. 2 viral products of the past (remember the Stanley craze?), they sell out in seconds just to pop up on resale sites for five times the original price tag. Now let’s get into the history of these popular Labubu dolls. They 3 (originate) in Hong Kong in 2015, a time when designer toys were beginning to capture global attention. 4 (refer) to as elves (小精灵) set them apart from their popular predecessors (Hello Kitty and other plush characters). They came to fruition in a Nordic-inspired picture book that artist Kasing Lung created. After the initial release of the book, the popular toy company Pop Mart created the first collectible collection for sale in 2019, and since then, sales have soared as new collections are released. The Labubu creatures are a part of a tribe perceived as “The monsters,” and other members of the group include Zimomo, Mokoko and more. From collection to collection, each can be seen wearing various outfits, different facial features and fun accessories, due to 5 each drop seems unique. But don’t let the naughty smile make you think Labubus are evil. Lung says they are well-natured little creatures who have nothing but good intentions and 6 they sometimes inevitably end up in a difficulty. Now, 7 makes Labubus so popular, besides the obvious cute charm, is that they are collectibles and hard to get, so it adds to the excitement of the hunt. They also come in blind boxes so the hunt becomes 8 (hard) if you have a particular color or Monster in mind. Because of mystery of the blind boxes, the reveal can be a surprise which is why many fans record their first impression of their creature 9 (capture) the moment. This excitement transcends age groups and communities, with everyone from pop stars to middle school students 10 (wear) the bag charms. It creates a sense of joy and status that you can say, “Yes, I succeeded and found a Labubu.” Passage 5 (25-26高二上·上海市西中学·校考)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Britain’s obesity problem is costing our economy almost £100 billion a year and will leave us a sick and poor nation, a report has found. Analysis from the Tony Blair Institute, published by The Times, estimates that the damaging effect 1 national productivity from excess weight is nine times greater than previously believed. The cost of obesity is expected to grow by another £10 billion over the next 15 years, according to the report. The total cost of £98 billion, which includes the £63 billion cost of shorter, 2 (healthy) lives, is equivalent to about 4 per cent of GDP. Henry Dimbleby, the Government’s former food tsar, has called on ministers 3 (launch) smoking-style restrictions on junk food and turn away from plans to put millions of overweight people on weight-loss drugs. According to Mr Dimbleby, 4 such interventions are in place, Britain will be left a sick and impoverished nation, the NHS will suck all the money out of the other public services while at the same time, economic growth and tax revenue will stagnate. To date, the government 5 (shelve) plans for a 9 pm junk food advertising watershed (禁播起始时间) and a ban on buy-one-get-one-free deals on unhealthy products until 2025. Victoria Atkins, the health secretary, suggests the authorities 6 (transfer) from being nanny-statist (管理过度) to giving people help and advice on how to be healthier. A Department of Health spokesman told The Times that it was “taking firm action to tackle obesity” 7 actually worked, citing food-labelling guidelines, funding for school sports and giving healthy food vouchers to 8 (disadvantage) families. Hermione Dace, of the Tony Blair Institute, told the newspaper that its analysis shows that the health of the nation and our economic growth and prosperity 9 (ground) on dealing with obesity. “We need a fresh approach 10 real options are available to people, rebalancing the food system in favour of healthy, cost-effective choices and discouraging profiting from ultra-processed and junk food.” 二、人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海交大附中·期末)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Some persons look on laws with fear, hatred, or annoyance. Laws seem to limit people’s freedom to do many things they would like to do. 1 laws may prevent us from doing things we wish to do at the moment, laws make everyone's life safer and more pleasant. 2 laws we could not hold on to our property; we could not go to bed at night expecting to wake up in the morning and find that we had not been robbed; no stores 3 we buy food, clothes, and other necessities could stay open and sell to us. Our banks would not be safe places 4 (keep) our money. Social life would be impossible without laws to control the way people treat one another. It is not the laws 5 should be feared but the trouble that comes to everyone when laws are broken. Once this is understood, a citizen will not fear or hate the law. 6 (understand) the need for good laws and the evil results of breaking laws is the first requirement of good citizenship and government. Philosophers once 7 (believe) that in prehistoric time people lived without laws in a “state of nature”. People were free to do 8 they pleased unless someone stronger stopped them by force. As a result, life became so dangerous and unsafe that leaders 9 create laws to protect life and property. This is no longer believed to be true. Scholars now think that as soon as people began living in small groups, they worked out rules for getting along with one other. In time everyone accepted and supported the rules. Such rules and habits of life are called folkways. Folkways are probably the real beginning of human laws, 10 of religion, morals, and education. As life became more complex, folkways became more complete guides to living. After thousands of years, some of the important folkways were put into writing as the earlier laws. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海复旦附中·期末)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that 1 (nice) men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered driver is the exception 2 the rule. Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience 3 (resist) the temptation to take revenge when 4 (subject) to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way to 5 (relieve) the tightness of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in response to 6 act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and calm so necessary in modern traffic conditions. However, misplaced politeness 7 also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street to following traffic, 8 a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles 9 may be unable to stop in time. A veteran driver told me it would help if drivers learnt to filter correctly into traffic stream one at a time without causing total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Years ago, experts warned us that explosion in car ownership 10 (demand) more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart. Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上大附中·期末)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Quality Sleep Protects Your Brain Having trouble thinking creatively? Not able to focus on tasks that need to get done? Poor sleep could potentially be 1 (blame). It turns out lack of sleep can do a number on your brain-and not just in the short term. Research suggests not getting enough quality sleep can have serious permanent negative consequences. On the other hand, good sleep habits can have lasting benefits. Below 2 (be) three research-backed brain benefits of sleep. Stimulates creativity Thinking in new, imaginative ways requires a well-rested brain. On the contrary, a brain 3 (suffer) from a lack of sleep is unable to think creatively. A study 4 (report) in the journal Nature bears this out. For the study, participants learned a task 5 they had to recognize a hidden pattern in the questions they were asked. Their initial training 6 (follow) by eight hours of nighttime sleep or wakefulness or daytime wakefulness. More than twice as many participants gained insight into the hidden rule after sleep as those who did after wakefulness, regardless of the time of day. The researchers concluded that “sleep, by restructuring new memory representations, facilitates obtaining of expressive knowledge and insightful behavior.” Reduces depression Often influenced by chemical imbalances in the brain, depression and sleep problems go hand-in-hand. People with depression may 7 have a hard time sleeping or else get too much sleep. While it’s not clear 8 lack of sleep causes depression, it can worsen it. Studies show people who sleep fewer than six or more than nine hours a night are more likely to be depressed than those 9 between. Solidifies memories One of sleep’s main functions is to help improve memory. It does this by enabling the brain to strengthen some neural pathways (神经通路) 10 reducing those it doesn’t need. For example, your brain doesn’t need to keep every sensory impression collected during your waking hours. Passage 4 (24-25高二上·上海封浜高级中学·期末)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. About 18 months ago, my father was in hospital recovering from a lung operation. My mother had recently passed away, and my father had taken the loss of his partner of 55 years and had lost interest 1 life. 2 (try) to get him to eat each day was quite a chore as he didn’t want anything. The one thing, however, that he would ask us to bring him was ice-cream. One evening, to our surprise, he refused 3 (eat) the ice-cream, so I placed it in a staff room freezer. A little while later, my son decided he wanted it, so I fetched it for him. As I passed another ward, a woman asked, “Are there more ice-cream?” 4 I had explained the situation, she apologized. She then said that she had cancer and could eat very little, other than the occasional ice-cream. The next morning, I decided to buy two ice-creams. On the way to Dad’s room, I stopped in at the sick woman’s room and offered her the ice-cream I’d bought for her. She was totally surprised at what I 5 (think) for her, and accepted the gift with tears in her eyes. I spoke with her for a few minutes, 6 (explain) what was happening in my family and listened to her similar story of pain and suffering. 7 was clear that she didn’t have many visitors, and the ice-cream and our short chat meant a great deal to her. I repeated the gesture a few days later. The woman, 8 face was pale, thanked me again. I thought she 9 be very lonely. This time, I, 10 (reward) with a big hug, realized that an act of kindness can be more rewarding when you give it, rather than receive it. Passage 5 (24-25高二上·上海长征中学·期末)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How can we help students do better at school? Researchers at the University of Nevada designed a simple experiment to see 1 the lecturer’s attractiveness has any impact on how much of the lecture students remember or not. Here’s how the experiment was carried out. The researchers asked 131 college students 2 (listen) to a recording of a 20-minute introductory physics lecture. The students were randomly assigned to a male or female lecturer, each of 3 read exactly the same text. While the lecture was playing, a computer screen displayed a photo of the lecturer--who was highly attractive in some cases and not as eye-catching in others.Taking notes 4 (not allow) in the course. After the lecture, participants 5 (get) a 25-question quiz on the lecture. For those who had an attractive instructor, the average score was 18.27; for those 6 an ordinary instructor, the average was 16.68. The researchers said that gap was not huge, but it was statistically significant. Participants were asked to evaluate the lecturers after 7 (test) on the material and they generally agreed about the attractiveness of the lecturers. So do the new findings mean that schools 8 hire better-looking teachers? R.Shane Westfal, the lead author of the new paper, notes that 8 the performance differences in his study amounted to (总计；等于) about half of a better grade, teacher training, experience and dedication would probably make a bigger difference. Interestingly, earlier studies have found that good-looking people are 9 (likely) to get involved in almost any context--suggesting that schools may have hired the more attractive teachers. 三、人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海建平中学·期末)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chang’e-6 Takes Off from the Moon’s Far Side The ascender of China’s Chang’e-6 probe (航空探测器) lifted off from the lunar surface on Tuesday morning, carrying samples collected from the moon’s far side, 1 unprecedented achievement in human lunar exploration history. The Chang’e-6 probe, 2 (consist) of an orbiter, a lander, an ascender and a returner — like its predecessor Chang’e-5 — was launched on May 3. Its lander-ascender combination touched down at 3 was designated as the landing area in the South Pole in June 2. The spacecraft finished its intelligent and rapid sampling work, and the samples were put in a container inside the ascender of the probe as planned. “The mission 4 (withstand) the test of high temperature on the far side of the moon,” said the China National Space Administration (CNSA). It adopted two methods of moon sampling, including using a drill to collect subsurface samples and grabbing samples on the surface 5 a robotic arm. It automatically gathered diverse samples at different sites. After the sampling was completed, a Chinese flag carried by the lander 6 (unfold) for the first time on the far side of the moon. Unlike takeoff on Earth, the ascender could not rely on a launch tower system, and the lander acted as a temporary “launching pad” instead. Chang’e-6’s takeoff from the far side of the moor can’t copy the Chang’e-5 ascent from the near side of the moon, 7 it could not receive direct ground control and support. It 8 use its special sensors to achieve autonomous positioning and orientation, with the assistance of Queqiao-2 for communication. Compared with Chang’e-5, Chang’e-6, 9 has witnessed improvements in the autonomy and reliability of its navigation, tackles the challenges posed by the uncertainties of the moon’s far side during its takeoff and ascent. The control system of Chang’e-6 has also been enhanced to improve its autonomy, making it possible for lunar takeoff and ascent 10 (complete) with reduced reliance on relay satellite and ground support. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海同济附中·期末)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Pumee Boontom lives in northern Thailand, but he tunes his television to the Chinese weather forecast. A big storm in southern China 1 (mean) a big release of water from the Chinese dams upstream(上游) — and, in turn, a good chance that his village will be flooded. The Chinese government is supposed 2 (warn) downstream countries, 3 in Boontom’s experience, that warning tends to arrive too late or not at all. Boontom is the leader of Ban Pak Ing, a village on the west bank of the Mekong (湄公河). Twenty years ago, like many of his neighbors, Boontom caught fish for a living. But as China completed one, then two, and then seven dams upstream, the few hundred residents of Ban Pak Ing saw the Mekong change. The sudden rise and fall in water levels interfere with fish migration and spawning (洄游和产卵). 4 the village has protected local spawning grounds, there are no longer enough fish to go around. In recent years Boontom and many others here 5 (sell) their fishing boats and switched to farming corn, tobacco, and beans. It’s a risky living, and not the one they know best — and this life is 6 (challenge) because of the frequent flooding. Ban Pak Ing may be a vision of the future for many Mekong villages. Five more dams are 7 construction in China. Downstream, in Laos and Cambodia (老挝和柬埔寨), 11 major dams are either proposed or already being built. By disturbing fish migration and spawning, the new dams 8 (expect) to threaten the food supply of an estimated 60 million people, most of 9 live in villages much like Ban Pak Ing. The electric power 10 (generate) by the lower Mekong dams is mainly for booming urban centers in Thailand and Vietnam. Passage 3 (25-26高二上·上海风华中学·校考)Directions: After reading the passage below. fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. Fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks. use one word that best fits each blank. The Rise of Urban Gardening In recent years, a remarkable shift in lifestyle has been observed, as a growing number of city residents have begun growing their own food, 1 has led to the rising popularity of urban gardening. This movement creatively overcomes the challenges of dense urban living. Limited outdoor space in cities doesn’t seem to be an insolvable problem anymore 2 gardeners are cultivating vegetables on balconies, rooftops and even in small containers placed on sunny indoor windowsills. Fundamentally, urban gardening offers a solution to 3 is widely thought of as a disconnect between modern consumers and their food source. In an age of industrialized agriculture.many city kids have little idea about how to grow food, and urban gardening can therefore serve as a vital, hands-on educational tool, bringing lessons of biology and sustainability to life. Moreover, the nutritional benefits are significant; vegetables harvested from your own garden are undeniably fresher, free from prolonged transport and storage, and often more nutritious than 4 mass-produced and bought from supermarket shelves. To foster the community spirits, some community gardens 5 (set) up in the past decade, providing invaluable shared spaces for people who lack their own patches of soil. In these collaborative gardens, urban gardeners of all backgrounds share their knowledge and harvest, 6 (strengthen) neighborhood community bonds. 7 it is clear that urban gardening won’t replace large-scale traditional farming in feeding the entire population, it does undoubtedly make our cities greener, more resilient, and our daily lives healthier. With more people 8 (involve) in this rewarding trend, driven by a desire for sustainability and self-sufficiency, it’s highly likely 9 urban gardening will continue to flourish and evolve in the coming years. The future of a portion of our food, therefore, might be   10 (close) to home than we ever thought possible, taking root in the very heart of our urban landscapes. Passage 4 (24-25高二上·上海中学·校考)Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. It was a cool October evening in the hill country of southwest Mississippi. Joey Deak and I were there to bow-hunt white-tailed deer, and had set up a rough base camp. After a dinner of sardines, crackers, cheese, onions and lemonade, we retired to our goose-down sleeping bags 1 (spread) beneath an oak tree. 2 the tune of an occasional plop-plop of falling acorns (橡实), Joey immediately fell asleep. However, I lay awake, trying to ignore my partner’s snoring and the screech of a nearby owl. Finally I drifted into a dream about white-tailed deer prancing down a trail. Suddenly, I was jolted awake. It was 3 I had felt a danger signal deep within me. I lay on my side, one arm folded beneath my head, realizing things were not as they 4 be. Then an icy chill skittered up my spine as something with a rough surface 5 (slide) slowly onto my ankles. My heart jumped and I froze. Rattlesnake! Flashed across my mind, searing my thoughts with the old timers’ tales about these deadly reptiles 6 inhabit the hills in Franklin Count — and their sometimes lethal bite. I lay still and tried to maintain my composure as the snake made its hair-raising way upward. I panted for breath and wondered if I was giving off an odor of fear that might provoke 7 into striking. I prayed sincerely to God for safety, and asked for forgiveness. Images of my family flashed before my eyes. The crawling, ticklish movement suddenly stopped. The rattler now lay partially lengthwise along my upper legs and buttocks. Not a muscle twitched as I searched my mind for a way out of the predicament. I had just about decided to catapult myself from the sleeping bag when the snake slowly crawled over my hip and began to coil (盘绕) its full length into the warm confines of my lower stomach, groin and thighs. No movement was made by cither the rattler or me for 8 seemed like an eternity. My mouth was like cotton, and I longed 9 (emit) a long, deep breath. Then waves of goose pimples rippled up my stomach as the snake began to make another move. Oh, God, deliver me, I prayed. I lay frozen, my heart 10 (pound) in my ears. Passage 5 (24-25高二上·上海中学·期中)Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. Throughout the pandemic, we 1 (bury) in bad news, just dragging ourselves through the days. If we took a risk, it was often so ordinary: going to the grocery store, socializing with another human being in person. We spent so much cognitive energy trying to stay safe and keep up with events 2 we had little left to pursue the types of big, frightening-yet-exciting adventures that expand our lives. Now, it’s about time that we pushed ourselves outside of our comfort zone. Adventures expand our world by allowing us to engage with our self and others in a new way. Research shows that novelty activates our dopamine (多巴胺) system, which enhances our mood and positive outlook. New situations, especially ones that seem dangerous, also force us to confront our fear. This can boost our mood by making us feel 3 (stressed). You don’t have to free solo Yosemite’s El Capitan to reap benefits. Any adventure 4 you stretch yourself and learn something new counts. For some, it may be jumping out of a plane or scuba diving in Iceland. For others, trying a different workout or going out to dinner at a new place might do the trick. Ready for your adventure? Here’s some advice. Start small. The risks you’re up for now 5 look different from the ones you took before the pandemic. That’s OK. 6 manageable activity you choose to do this weekend will break your laziness, build your confidence, and help you pursue bigger adventures. Shift 7 you view anxiety. Research from Harvard University shows that people who interpreted their nervousness about activities such as karaoke singing and public speaking 8 excitement enjoyed the experiences more and performed better than 9 who tried to suppress their anxiety. This changed their threat mindset into an opportunity mindset. Tap into regret. It can be very motivating. Think about whether you’ll feel disappointed if you miss out on this interesting, expansive experience or glad you stayed home. “We tend 10 (regret) actions we don’t take rather than ones we do,” says Boardman, a psychologist. “So the fear of missing out can help you.” 2 / 31 1 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题01 语法填空进阶练15篇 一、人与自我 1 二、人与社会 11 三、人与自然 21 一、人与自我 Passage 1 (25-26高二上·上海同济附中·校考)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Feeling depressed or lonely can age us faster than smoking, researchers say Feeling unhappy, depressed or lonely could speed up the aging processes more than smoking or even certain diseases, researchers have suggested. While everyone has an age based on their date of birth — “chronological age”, they also have 1 is known as a “biological age”, based on the ageing of the body’s functions, influenced by genetics, lifestyle and other factors. Studies have previously suggested the higher the biological age, the higher the risk of various diseases, and the risk of death. Now researchers say they have created a digital model of ageing, 2 (reveal) the importance of psychological health. “Your body and soul are connected, 3 is our main message,” said Fedor Galkin, a co-author of the study and lead scientist at the Hong Kong startup Deep Longevity. “We demonstrate that psychological factors, 4 feeling unhappy or being lonely, add up to 1.65 years to one’s biological age,” they write. 5 Galkin said the figure is an estimate, not least as the model assumes that different feelings like hopelessness or fearfulness are independent of each other, the study highlights that 6 fast we age is significantly associated with our psychological state. “Taking care of your psychological health is the greatest contributor to 7 (slow) down your pace of ageing,” he said. The team also reported that heavy smokers are 8 (likely) to be 15 months older than their non-smoking peers while living in urban areas reduces biological age by five months. Similarly, 9 (marry) takes about seven months off one’s biological age. But, he said, it is unlikely that isolation and loneliness are truly worse risk factors for health than smoking, while the study only looked at the data that 10 (collect) at one point in time. “The researchers did not follow up participants to show that those with psychological distress actually aged more rapidly,” he said. “It will be important in the future 11 (test) whether these predictions can be fulfilled by repeating testing over a number of years.” 【答案】 1．what 2．revealing 3．which 4．like 5．Although/While 6．how 7．slowing 8．more likely 9．marriage/being married 10．was collected 11．to test 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究人员的发现：情绪抑郁或孤独比吸烟更能加速人体衰老，同时还阐述了生物年龄的影响因素、相关研究模型以及心理健康对延缓衰老的重要性等内容。 1．考查宾语从句引导词。句意：虽然每个人都有基于出生日期的“实际年龄”，但他们也有被称为“生物年龄”的年龄，这种年龄基于身体机能的衰老，受遗传、生活方式和其他因素的影响。have后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示“……的事物”，应用what引导。故填what。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在研究人员表示，他们已经创建了一个衰老的数字模型，揭示了心理健康的重要性。reveal与其逻辑主语a digital model of ageing之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式作伴随状语。故填revealing。 3．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：该研究的合著者、香港初创公司Deep Longevity的首席科学家费多尔·加尔金说：“你的身心是相连的，这是我们的主要信息。”先行词是前面整个句子，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 4．考查介词。句意：他们写道：“我们证明，诸如情绪不开心或孤独之类的心理因素会使一个人的生物年龄增加1.65岁。”介词like可用于列举例子，此处列举心理因素的具体表现。故填like。 5．考查让步状语从句引导词。句意：尽管加尔金说这个数字是一个估计值，因为该模型假设绝望或恐惧等不同情绪是相互独立的，但这项研究强调，我们衰老的速度与我们的心理状态显著相关。前后句存在让步关系，句首用although/while/though引导让步状语从句。故填Although/While/Though。 6．考查宾语从句引导词。句意：尽管加尔金说这个数字是一个估计值，因为该模型假设绝望或恐惧等不同情绪是相互独立的，但这项研究强调，我们衰老的速度与我们的心理状态显著相关。how引导宾语从句，修饰副词fast，表示“多么快”。故填how。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：他说：“关注你的心理健康是减缓你衰老速度的最大因素。”to在此处是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填slowing。 8．考查形容词比较级。句意：该团队还报告说，重度吸烟者更可能比不吸烟的同龄人老15个月，而生活在城市地区会使生物年龄减少5个月。likely是形容词，需用比较级more likely与后文15 months older比较。故填more likely。 9．考查名词。句意：同样，婚姻能使一个人的生物年龄减少约7个月。此处作主语，应用名词或动名词形式，marry的名词是marriage，或动名词短语being married表示结婚的状态。故填marriage/being married。 10．考查被动语态。句意：但他说，孤独和寂寞不太可能真的比吸烟对健康的风险更大，因为这项研究只查看了某一时刻收集的数据。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语that指代data，与collect之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填was collected。 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：他说：“未来重要的是通过多年重复测试来检验这些预测是否能实现。”It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语，用to test。故填to test。 Passage 2 (25-26高二上·上海彭浦中学·校考)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Labubu dolls In recent months, everywhere I go, there’s been one accessory on everyone’s lips and bags. 1 I wanted to grab one myself, the truth is, they are harder to buy than you think. 2 viral products of the past (such as the Stanley craze), they sell out in seconds just to pop up on resale sites for five times the original price tag. Now let’s get into the history of these popular Labubu dolls. They 3 (originate) in Hong Kong in 2015, a time when designer toys were beginning to capture global attention. 4 (know) as elves(小精灵) set them apart from their popular predecessors (Hello Kitty and other plush characters). They came to fruition in a Nordic-inspired picture book that artist Kasing Lung created. After the initial release of the book, the popular toy company Pop Mart created the first collectible collection for sale in 2019, and since then, sales have soared as new collections are released. The Labubu creatures are a part of a tribe perceived as “The Monsters,” and other members of the group include Zimomo, Mokoko and more. From collection to collection, each can be seen wearing various outfits, different facial features and funny accessories. But don’t let the naughty smile make you think Labubu are evil. Lung says they are well-natured little creatures who have nothing but good intentions and 5 they sometimes inevitably end up in a difficulty. Now, 6 makes Labubu so popular, besides the obvious cute charm, is that they are collectibles and hard to get, so it adds to the excitement of the hunt. They also come in blind boxes so the hunt becomes 7 (hard) if you have a particular color or Monster in mind. Because of mystery of the blind boxes, the reveal can be a surprise which is why many fans record their first impression of their creature 8 (capture) the moment. This excitement transcends age groups and communities, with everyone from pop stars to middle school students 9 (wear) the bag charms. It creates a sense of joy and a moment 10 you can say, “Yes, I succeeded and found a Labubu.” 【答案】 1．Although/Though/While 2．Like 3．originated 4．Being known 5．that 6．what 7．harder 8．to capture 9．wearing 10．when 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了当下大热的Labubu玩偶，包括其购买难度、起源、形象特点，还说明了其受欢迎的原因，如具有收藏价值、盲盒形式增添乐趣等。 1．考查状语从句。句意：尽管我自己也想拥有一个，但事实上，它们比你想象的要难买得多。结合句意可知，此处为although/though/while“尽管”引导的让步状语从句，符合题意，同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 2．考查介词。句意：就像过去的病毒式产品（比如Stanley热潮）一样，它们几秒钟内就售罄，然后在转售网站上以原价五倍的价格出现。结合句意可知，此处为介词like“像”符合句意，表示与过去那些热门产品类似；开头单词首字母大写。故填Like。 3．考查动词时态。句意：它们起源于2015年的香港，当时设计师玩具开始引起全球关注。根据时间状语in 2015可知，为一般过去时。故填originated。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们被称为小精灵，这使它们与流行的前辈（Hello Kitty和其他毛绒角色）区分开来。此处为非谓语动词作主语，与主语they为被动关系，且表示正在被称作，所以用动名词的被动形式being done。故填Being known。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：Lung说，它们是本性善良的小生物，除了好意之外什么都没有，而且它们有时不可避免地会陷入困境。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词没有含义，需用连接词that引导。故填that。 6．考查主语从句。句意：现在，除了明显的可爱魅力之外，让Labubu如此受欢迎的是它们是收藏品，很难买到，所以这增加了寻找的兴奋感。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“……的事物”，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。 7．考查形容词比较级。句意：它们也装在盲盒里，所以如果你心里有特定的颜色或怪物，寻找就会变得更难。由空前becomes以及句意可知，此处使用形容词作表语，此处表示“寻找Labubu变得更加困难”，故使用形容词比较级形式。故填harder。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于盲盒的神秘性，打开盲盒（揭晓其中内容）的瞬间会带来惊喜，因此许多粉丝会记录下他们对自己所抽到的玩偶的第一印象，以捕捉这一时刻。句中record为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词；名词impression前有序数词first修饰，使用不定式结构作后置定语。故填to capture。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种兴奋感超越了年龄组和社区，从流行歌星到中学生，每个人都戴着包上的挂饰。此处为with的复合结构，everyone与wear之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式作宾补。故填wearing。 10．考查定语从句。句意：它创造了一种喜悦感和一个你可以说“是的，我成功了并找到了一个Labubu”的时刻。设空处引导定语从句，引导词在从句中作时间状语，修饰前文的a moment，故用when引导的定语从句。故填when。 Passage 3 (25-26高二上·上海中学·校考)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The family who eats together What’s the price of a family meal? For many families in the world’s wealthiest countries, the answer seems to be, ‘too much’. For instance, in the United States, 1 is often a trendsetter in such things, the majority of families report eating a single meal together fewer than five days a week. In fact, the frequency of shared meals   2 (decrease) in American families by 33 per cent over the last twenty years. The meals 3 have shortened too: from an average of 90 minutes to just 12 minutes. So perhaps we’re better off asking ourselves 4 the cost of not eating together is. Once again, we could turn to the figures. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has found that 15-year-olds who reported not regularly 5 (share) family meals were twice as likely to be absent from school. In Europe, research has suggested that children who don’t eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk of fatness. Another study, 6 (conduct) by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are 7 (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol. But those numbers, 8 they seem impressive, may be beside the point. After all, having a meal together is more than just a preventive measure 9 future misfortune. The primary cost of the family meal is also the very thing that makes it important: time. The time spent together over food leads to all the positive outcomes that are measured in the studies. So, we might arrange for the family mealtime 10 (act) as an occasion full of shared memories and feelings and ambitions. 【答案】 1．which 2．has decreased 3．themselves 4．what 5．sharing 6．conducted 7．less likely 8．though/although 9．against 10．to act 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家人一起吃饭带来的好处。 1．考查定语从句。句意：例如，在美国，它往往是这类事情的引领者，大多数家庭报告说，他们每周在一起吃饭的时间少于五天。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the United States，指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2．考查动词时态。句意：事实上，在过去的二十年里，美国家庭共餐的频率下降了33%。根据时间状语over the last twenty years可知，本句为现在完成时，主语为the frequency为单数，谓语为has decreased。故填has decreased。 3．考查反身代词。句意：用餐时间也缩短了：从平均90分钟缩短到只有12分钟。根据主语The meals可知此处要用反身代词themselves，表示用餐本身。故填themselves。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：所以，也许我们最好问问自己，不一起吃饭的代价是什么。asking ourselves后为宾语从句，从句缺少表语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：经济合作与发展组织发现，15岁的青少年如果不经常与家人一起吃饭，缺勤的可能性是其他人的两倍。句中reported为who引导定语从句的谓语动词，设空处需要使用非谓语动词，share与逻辑主语15-year-olds之间是主动关系，可知此处要用现在分词形式。故填sharing。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：哥伦比亚大学成瘾与药物滥用国家中心进行的另一项研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或更多的孩子，出现药物和酒精问题的可能性更小。found为谓语动词，conduct在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语study构成被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填conducted。 7．考查形容词的比较级。句意：哥伦比亚大学成瘾与药物滥用国家中心进行的另一项研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或更多的孩子，出现药物和酒精问题的可能性更小。结合上文“children who don’t eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk of fatness”可知，不经常和父母吃饭的孩子肥胖风险更高，由此可推知，经常和父母吃饭的孩子出现药物和酒精问题的可能性更小，所以用less likely，表示“更不可能”作表语。故填less likely。 8．考查让步状语从句。句意：但是，尽管这些数字看起来令人印象深刻，但可能无关紧要。本句为让步状语从句，表示“尽管这些数字看起来令人印象深刻”，所以用though/although引导。故填though/although。 9．考查介词。句意：毕竟，一起吃饭不仅仅是为了预防未来的不幸。结合句意表示“预防未来的不幸”，所以用介词against，表示“反对，预防”。故填against。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：所以，我们可以安排家庭用餐时间，让它成为一个充满共同回忆、情感和抱负的场合。本句为arrange for sb. to do sth.，表示“安排某人做某事”，所以空处用不定式结构。故填to act。 Passage 4 (25-26高二上·上海延安中学·校考)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Labubu dolls In recent months, everywhere I go, there’s been one accessory on everyone’s lips and bags. 1 I wanted to grab one myself, the truth is, they are harder to buy than you think. 2 viral products of the past (remember the Stanley craze?), they sell out in seconds just to pop up on resale sites for five times the original price tag. Now let’s get into the history of these popular Labubu dolls. They 3 (originate) in Hong Kong in 2015, a time when designer toys were beginning to capture global attention. 4 (refer) to as elves (小精灵) set them apart from their popular predecessors (Hello Kitty and other plush characters). They came to fruition in a Nordic-inspired picture book that artist Kasing Lung created. After the initial release of the book, the popular toy company Pop Mart created the first collectible collection for sale in 2019, and since then, sales have soared as new collections are released. The Labubu creatures are a part of a tribe perceived as “The monsters,” and other members of the group include Zimomo, Mokoko and more. From collection to collection, each can be seen wearing various outfits, different facial features and fun accessories, due to 5 each drop seems unique. But don’t let the naughty smile make you think Labubus are evil. Lung says they are well-natured little creatures who have nothing but good intentions and 6 they sometimes inevitably end up in a difficulty. Now, 7 makes Labubus so popular, besides the obvious cute charm, is that they are collectibles and hard to get, so it adds to the excitement of the hunt. They also come in blind boxes so the hunt becomes 8 (hard) if you have a particular color or Monster in mind. Because of mystery of the blind boxes, the reveal can be a surprise which is why many fans record their first impression of their creature 9 (capture) the moment. This excitement transcends age groups and communities, with everyone from pop stars to middle school students 10 (wear) the bag charms. It creates a sense of joy and status that you can say, “Yes, I succeeded and found a Labubu.” 【答案】 1．Though/Although/While 2．Like 3．originated 4．Being referred 5．which 6．that 7．what 8．harder 9．to capture 10．wearing 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述Labubu玩偶近期走红难购，2015年源于香港，盲盒与稀缺性助其流行，受各年龄段喜爱。 1．考查连词。句意：虽然我自己也想买一个，但事实是，它们比你想象的更难买到。由语境可知，前半句“想买”与后半句“难买”存在转折关系，应用让步连词though或although或while，表“虽然；尽管”，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Though或Although或While。 2．考查介词。句意：和过去的热门产品（还记得Stanley保温杯热潮吗？）一样，它们几秒钟内就售罄，随后在二手平台上以原价五倍的价格出现。此处表“和……一样”，应用介词like，用于对比Labubu玩偶与过去热门产品的共性（售罄快、二手价高），且句首时首字母应大写。故填Like。 3．考查时态。句意：它们于2015年起源于香港，当时设计师玩具正开始获得全球关注。此空考查谓语动词，主语They (Labubu dolls)与originate为主动关系，根据时间状语in 2015可知，originate是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填originated。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：被称作“小精灵”的设定，让它们有别于之前流行的形象（Hello Kitty及其他毛绒角色）。这里应用动名词形式作主语，且Labubu dolls与refer to为被动关系，所以应用动名词的被动形式，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Being referred。 5．考查定语从句。句意：每一系列中，每个玩偶都有不同的服装、面部特征和有趣配饰，因此每次推出的产品似乎都独一无二。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是前文“various outfits, different facial features and fun accessories”，指物，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 6．考查宾语从句。句意：龙家升（Kasing Lung）表示，它们是本性善良的小生灵，内心只有善意，只是有时难免会陷入困境。分析句子结构可知，says后接两个并列的宾语从句，第二个从句“they sometimes inevitably end up in a difficulty” 结构完整，需用that引导（不可省略）。故填that。 7．考查主语从句。句意：如今，除了显而易见的可爱魅力外，让Labubu玩偶如此受欢迎的原因是，它们是收藏品且难获得，这增添了“寻找”的兴奋感。所填空引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表“……的事物”，应用连接代词what。故填what。 8．考查形容词比较级。句意：它们还以盲盒形式出售，因此如果你心里有特定颜色或角色的目标，“寻找”会变得更难。此处隐含“普通购买”与“指定目标购买”的对比，需用形容词hard的比较级harder，表“更难的”。故填harder。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于盲盒的神秘感，拆盒的结果可能是个惊喜，这也是许多粉丝会记录玩偶初印象以捕捉瞬间的原因。此处表目的（为了捕捉瞬间），应用动词不定式to capture作目的状语。故填to capture。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种兴奋感跨越了年龄和群体，从流行明星到中学生，每个人都在佩戴这种包饰。这里考查with的复合结构，everyone与wear之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式wearing作宾补。故填wearing。 Passage 5 (25-26高二上·上海市西中学·校考)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Britain’s obesity problem is costing our economy almost £100 billion a year and will leave us a sick and poor nation, a report has found. Analysis from the Tony Blair Institute, published by The Times, estimates that the damaging effect 1 national productivity from excess weight is nine times greater than previously believed. The cost of obesity is expected to grow by another £10 billion over the next 15 years, according to the report. The total cost of £98 billion, which includes the £63 billion cost of shorter, 2 (healthy) lives, is equivalent to about 4 per cent of GDP. Henry Dimbleby, the Government’s former food tsar, has called on ministers 3 (launch) smoking-style restrictions on junk food and turn away from plans to put millions of overweight people on weight-loss drugs. According to Mr Dimbleby, 4 such interventions are in place, Britain will be left a sick and impoverished nation, the NHS will suck all the money out of the other public services while at the same time, economic growth and tax revenue will stagnate. To date, the government 5 (shelve) plans for a 9 pm junk food advertising watershed (禁播起始时间) and a ban on buy-one-get-one-free deals on unhealthy products until 2025. Victoria Atkins, the health secretary, suggests the authorities 6 (transfer) from being nanny-statist (管理过度) to giving people help and advice on how to be healthier. A Department of Health spokesman told The Times that it was “taking firm action to tackle obesity” 7 actually worked, citing food-labelling guidelines, funding for school sports and giving healthy food vouchers to 8 (disadvantage) families. Hermione Dace, of the Tony Blair Institute, told the newspaper that its analysis shows that the health of the nation and our economic growth and prosperity 9 (ground) on dealing with obesity. “We need a fresh approach 10 real options are available to people, rebalancing the food system in favour of healthy, cost-effective choices and discouraging profiting from ultra-processed and junk food.” 【答案】 1．on 2．unhealthier 3．to launch 4．unless 5．has shelved 6．(should) transfer 7．that/which 8．disadvantaged 9．are grounded 10．where 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一项分析称英国肥胖危机每年造成近千亿英镑经济损失，相关人士指出若不采取严厉干预，这将导致国民健康恶化、经济停滞，并呼吁政府采取更坚定的行动。 1．考查介词。句意：《泰晤士报》发布的托尼·布莱尔研究所分析估计，超重对国民生产力的破坏性影响是此前预估的九倍。根据空后的“national productivity”可知，空处应用介词on，和名词effect搭配，表示“对……的影响”。故填on。 2．考查形容词比较级。句意：总计980亿英镑的成本，其中包括因寿命缩短和健康恶化导致的630亿英镑损失，约占GDP的4%。空处和shorter并列，作修饰lives的定语，形容词unhealthy“不健康的”符合语境，且需用比较级形式，和shorter保持形式一致。故填unhealthier。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：政府前食品政策负责人亨利·丁布尔比呼吁部长们对垃圾食品实施类似烟草的严格限制，并放弃为超重人群大规模提供减肥药的计划。call on sb. to do是固定短语，意为“呼吁某人做某事”，因此用launch“发起，发动”的不定式形式。故填to launch。 4．考查状语从句。句意：根据丁布尔比先生的说法，除非这些干预措施到位，否则英国将沦为贫病交加的国家，NHS会耗尽其他公共服务的资金，同时经济增长和税收将陷入停滞。“英国将沦为贫病交加的国家”建立在“这些干预措施到位”不成立的情况下，因此用unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。故填unless。 5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，政府已暂缓原定于2025年前实施的垃圾食品晚间9点广告禁播计划和不健康产品“买一送一”促销限制。空处作句子的谓语，结合“To date”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，shelve“搁置”和主语the government之间是主动关系，且主语是单数，助动词应用has。故填has shelved。 6．考查虚拟语气。句意：卫生部长维多利亚·阿特金斯建议当局从管理过度转变为向人们提供帮助和建议，告诉他们如何变得更健康。suggest表示“建议”，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语部分用“should+动词原形”的形式，且should可以省略。故填(should) transfer。 7．考查定语从句。句意：卫生部的一名发言人告诉《泰晤士报》，他们正在“采取坚定的行动来解决肥胖问题”，这实际上是有效的，他提到了食品标签指南、资助学校体育活动以及向弱势家庭发放健康食品券。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词action，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 8．考查形容词。句意：卫生部的一名发言人告诉《泰晤士报》，他们正在“采取坚定的行动来解决肥胖问题”，这实际上是有效的，他提到了食品标签指南、资助学校体育活动以及向弱势家庭发放健康食品券。空处作修饰families的定语，形容词disadvantaged符合题意，意为“贫困的，处于不利地位的”。故填disadvantaged。 9．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：托尼·布莱尔研究所的赫敏·戴斯在接受报纸采访时表示，该分析表明，国家的健康以及我们的经济增长和繁荣是建立在解决肥胖问题的基础上的。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，be grounded on“以……为根据”是固定短语，应用被动语态，且主语是两个名词短语，be动词应用are。故填are grounded。 10．考查定语从句。句意：“我们需要一种新的方法，为人们提供真正的选择，重新平衡食品体系，支持健康、具有成本效益的选择，并阻止从超加工食品和垃圾食品中获利。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词approach，先行词在从句中表示“为人们提供真正的选择”发生的抽象地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 二、人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海交大附中·期末)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Some persons look on laws with fear, hatred, or annoyance. Laws seem to limit people’s freedom to do many things they would like to do. 1 laws may prevent us from doing things we wish to do at the moment, laws make everyone's life safer and more pleasant. 2 laws we could not hold on to our property; we could not go to bed at night expecting to wake up in the morning and find that we had not been robbed; no stores 3 we buy food, clothes, and other necessities could stay open and sell to us. Our banks would not be safe places 4 (keep) our money. Social life would be impossible without laws to control the way people treat one another. It is not the laws 5 should be feared but the trouble that comes to everyone when laws are broken. Once this is understood, a citizen will not fear or hate the law. 6 (understand) the need for good laws and the evil results of breaking laws is the first requirement of good citizenship and government. Philosophers once 7 (believe) that in prehistoric time people lived without laws in a “state of nature”. People were free to do 8 they pleased unless someone stronger stopped them by force. As a result, life became so dangerous and unsafe that leaders 9 create laws to protect life and property. This is no longer believed to be true. Scholars now think that as soon as people began living in small groups, they worked out rules for getting along with one other. In time everyone accepted and supported the rules. Such rules and habits of life are called folkways. Folkways are probably the real beginning of human laws, 10 of religion, morals, and education. As life became more complex, folkways became more complete guides to living. After thousands of years, some of the important folkways were put into writing as the earlier laws. 【答案】 1．Though/While/Although 2．Without 3．in which/where 4．to keep 5．that 6．Understanding 7．believed 8．as 9．had to 10．as well as 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要阐述了法律的作用、人们对法律的态度及法律的起源。 1．考查连词。句意：尽管法律可能会阻止我们做一些我们此刻想做的事情，但法律让每个人的生活更安全、更愉快。结合句意，上下文之间表让步关系，意为“尽管、虽然”，用though/while/although，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Though/While/Although。 2．考查介词。句意：没有法律，我们就无法保住自己的财产；我们不能晚上上床睡觉，期望早上醒来时发现自己没有被抢劫；我们购买食品、衣服和其他必需品的商店也不能开门营业卖给我们东西。空后为名词，且此处无提示词，所以应为介词，结合句意以及下文的谓语动词“could not hold on to”以及“could not go”可知，此处应为含蓄条件，表示“没有”为介词without，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Without。 3．考查定语从句。句意：没有法律，我们就无法保住自己的财产；我们不能晚上上床睡觉，期望早上醒来时发现自己没有被抢劫；我们购买食品、衣服和其他必需品的商店也不能开门营业卖给我们东西。此处为定语从句，先行词为stores，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用in which或where。故填in which/where。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的银行也不会是存放钱的安全地方。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰places，意为“……的地方”，此处表示将要发生的动作或发生在谓语动词之后，所以用动词不定式形式to keep。故填to keep。 5．考查强调句。句意：令人害怕的不应该是法律，而是当法律被违反时降临到每个人身上的麻烦。此处为强调句，其结构为“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分”，被强调部分是“the laws”，所以用that。故填that。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：理解对良好法律的需求以及违法的恶果，是良好公民意识和政府的首要要求。此处作主语，用动名词形式understanding，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Understanding。 7．考查动词时态。句意：哲学家们曾经认为，在史前时代，人们生活在没有法律的“自然状态”中。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“once”可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时believed。故填believed。 8．考查连词。句意：人们可以随心所欲，除非有更强壮的人用武力阻止他们。此处为连接词引导的状语从句，结合句意“正如、像……一样”，用as引导方式状语从句。故填as。 9．考查情态动词。句意：结果，生活变得如此危险和不安全，以至于领导人不得不制定法律来保护生命和财产。空后为动词原形，且无提示词，所以此处应为情态动词，结合句意，此处表示“不得不、必须”，符合语境，所以用have to，结合主句谓语动词“became”可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以使用had to。故填had to。 10．考查固定短语。句意：民俗可能是人类法律以及宗教、道德和教育的真正开端。此处与“of human laws”为并列结构，结合句意，此处应为固定短语as well as，意为“以及、也”符合句意，所以用as well as。故填as well as。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海复旦附中·期末)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that 1 (nice) men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered driver is the exception 2 the rule. Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience 3 (resist) the temptation to take revenge when 4 (subject) to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way to 5 (relieve) the tightness of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in response to 6 act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and calm so necessary in modern traffic conditions. However, misplaced politeness 7 also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street to following traffic, 8 a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles 9 may be unable to stop in time. A veteran driver told me it would help if drivers learnt to filter correctly into traffic stream one at a time without causing total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Years ago, experts warned us that explosion in car ownership 10 (demand) more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart. 【答案】 1．the nicest 2．to 3．to resist 4．subjected 5．relieving 6．an 7．can 8．when 9．which/that 10．would demand 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了道路礼仪的重要性，强调所有道路使用者都需要相互礼让。 1．考查形容词最高级。句意：每个人都知道，最友善的人在方向盘后（开车的时候）也会变成凶猛的老虎。根据“manners on the road are becoming horrible (道路礼仪变得越来越糟糕)”和“would become fierce tigers (会变成凶猛的老虎)”可知，此处通过对比强调即便是最友善的人遇到糟糕的道路礼仪也会变得暴躁凶猛，应用形容词nice的最高级形式the nicest。故填the nicest。 2．考查固定短语。句意：你可能会容忍那些古怪的占道者、粗鲁且不顾及他人的司机，但如今有礼貌的司机反而是例外而非常态。the exception to the rule是固定短语，意为“规则的例外，例外情况”。故填to。 3．考查动词不定式。句意：当遇到不文明行为时，即便是最冷静的司机也需要极大的耐心才能抵制住报复的诱惑。“It takes sb. + 名词 + to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事需要……”，此处应用resist的动词不定式形式to resist。故填to resist。 4．考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当遇到不文明行为时，即便是最冷静的司机也需要极大的耐心才能抵制住报复的诱惑。subject sb to sth意为“使经受；使遭受”，the most cool-headed drivers与动词subject之间为被动关系，用被动语态sb be subjected to，此状语从句的完整表述是when they are subjected to uncivilized behavior。they指代主句中动作发出者the most cool-headed drivers，因此从句里可省略主语和be动词are，即when subjected to uncivilized behavior。故填subjected。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：另一方面，一点点礼貌就能大大缓解驾驶时的紧张情绪。go a long way to doing sth.是固定短语，意为“对做某事大有帮助”。此处to是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填relieving。 6．考查冠词。句意：对一个礼貌行为报以友好的点头或感谢的挥手，有助于营造一种善意和平静的氛围，这在现代交通状况下是非常必要的。act是可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个礼貌行为”，且act以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 7．考查情态动词。句意：然而，不当的礼貌也可能是危险的。根据语境可知，此处表示客观的可能性。情态动词can意为“可能；会”，强调客观上的可能性。故填can。 8．考查连词。句意：典型的例子是，司机急刹车让一辆车从侧街驶出汇入车流，而实际上几秒钟后道路本就会畅通。根据前后句的逻辑关系可知，此处表示转折，意为“然而”，应用连词when “而”，引入引出事实或评论。故填when。 9．考查定语从句。句意：或者有人挥手让孩子穿过斑马线，但迎面而来的车辆驾驶员可能无法及时停车。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，先行词是oncoming vehicles，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。 10．考查动词时态。句意：几年前，专家们就警告我们，汽车拥有量的激增将要求所有道路使用者更多地相互礼让。根据“Years ago, experts warned us that (几年前，专家就警告我们)”可知，宾语从句中汽车拥有量的增加对道路使用者的要求是在过去看“将要发生的事”，应用过去将来时would demand。故填would demand。 Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上大附中·期末)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Quality Sleep Protects Your Brain Having trouble thinking creatively? Not able to focus on tasks that need to get done? Poor sleep could potentially be 1 (blame). It turns out lack of sleep can do a number on your brain-and not just in the short term. Research suggests not getting enough quality sleep can have serious permanent negative consequences. On the other hand, good sleep habits can have lasting benefits. Below 2 (be) three research-backed brain benefits of sleep. Stimulates creativity Thinking in new, imaginative ways requires a well-rested brain. On the contrary, a brain 3 (suffer) from a lack of sleep is unable to think creatively. A study 4 (report) in the journal Nature bears this out. For the study, participants learned a task 5 they had to recognize a hidden pattern in the questions they were asked. Their initial training 6 (follow) by eight hours of nighttime sleep or wakefulness or daytime wakefulness. More than twice as many participants gained insight into the hidden rule after sleep as those who did after wakefulness, regardless of the time of day. The researchers concluded that “sleep, by restructuring new memory representations, facilitates obtaining of expressive knowledge and insightful behavior.” Reduces depression Often influenced by chemical imbalances in the brain, depression and sleep problems go hand-in-hand. People with depression may 7 have a hard time sleeping or else get too much sleep. While it’s not clear 8 lack of sleep causes depression, it can worsen it. Studies show people who sleep fewer than six or more than nine hours a night are more likely to be depressed than those 9 between. Solidifies memories One of sleep’s main functions is to help improve memory. It does this by enabling the brain to strengthen some neural pathways (神经通路) 10 reducing those it doesn’t need. For example, your brain doesn’t need to keep every sensory impression collected during your waking hours. 【答案】 1．to blame 2．are 3．suffering 4．reported 5．where 6．was followed 7．either 8．whether 9．in 10．while 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是睡眠对大脑功能的积极影响。 1．考查不定式。句意：睡眠不好可能是罪魁祸首。固定句式sb. be to blame意为“某人应受责备”，因此空格处用不定式to blame。故填to blame。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：以下是有研究支持的睡眠对大脑的三个好处。句子是部分倒装，主语是three research-backed brain benefits of sleep，是复数，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此空格处用are，故填are。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，睡眠不足的大脑无法创造性地思考。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，brain和suffer之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作后置定语，故填suffering。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究证实了这一点。句中谓语是bears，空格处用非谓语动词，study和report之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填reported。 5．考查定语从句。句意：在这项研究中，参与者完成了一项任务，他们必须在被问到的问题中识别出隐藏的模式。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词task是抽象地点，因此空格处用关系副词where，故填where。 6．考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：他们最初的训练之后是8小时的夜间睡眠，或者是不睡觉，或者是白天不睡觉。句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，由句意和by可知，空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语Their initial training是不可数名词，主谓一致。故填was followed。 7．考查固定搭配。句意：患有抑郁症的人要么很难入睡，要么睡得太多。根据语境可知，句子表示“患有抑郁症的人要么很难入睡，要么睡得太多”，either...or...是固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”，因此空格处用either。故填either。 8．考查主语从句。句意：虽然尚不清楚睡眠不足是否会导致抑郁症，但它可能会使抑郁症恶化。While引导的让步状语从句中it是形式主语，空格处引导主语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，空格处意为“是否”，用whether引导，故填whether。 9．考查介词。句意：研究表明，每晚睡眠时间少于6小时或超过9小时的人比睡眠时间介于两者之间的人更容易抑郁。in between意为“在中间”，符合句意，故填in。 10．考查连词。句意：它通过使大脑加强一些神经通路，同时减少那些不需要的神经通路来做到这一点。根据语境可知，空格处意为“同时”，强调主从句的动作同时发生，用while引导时间状语从句，从句中有省略，故填while。 Passage 4 (24-25高二上·上海封浜高级中学·期末)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. About 18 months ago, my father was in hospital recovering from a lung operation. My mother had recently passed away, and my father had taken the loss of his partner of 55 years and had lost interest 1 life. 2 (try) to get him to eat each day was quite a chore as he didn’t want anything. The one thing, however, that he would ask us to bring him was ice-cream. One evening, to our surprise, he refused 3 (eat) the ice-cream, so I placed it in a staff room freezer. A little while later, my son decided he wanted it, so I fetched it for him. As I passed another ward, a woman asked, “Are there more ice-cream?” 4 I had explained the situation, she apologized. She then said that she had cancer and could eat very little, other than the occasional ice-cream. The next morning, I decided to buy two ice-creams. On the way to Dad’s room, I stopped in at the sick woman’s room and offered her the ice-cream I’d bought for her. She was totally surprised at what I 5 (think) for her, and accepted the gift with tears in her eyes. I spoke with her for a few minutes, 6 (explain) what was happening in my family and listened to her similar story of pain and suffering. 7 was clear that she didn’t have many visitors, and the ice-cream and our short chat meant a great deal to her. I repeated the gesture a few days later. The woman, 8 face was pale, thanked me again. I thought she 9 be very lonely. This time, I, 10 (reward) with a big hug, realized that an act of kindness can be more rewarding when you give it, rather than receive it. 【答案】 1．in 2．Trying 3．to eat 4．After 5．had thought 6．explaining 7．It 8．whose 9．must 10．rewarded 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在探望住院的父亲时，偶然帮助了一位同样患病的孤独女士，通过给予她冰淇淋和陪伴，展现了善意的力量。 1．考查介词。句意：我母亲最近去世了，我父亲失去了相伴55年的伴侣，对生活失去了兴趣。表示“对……失去兴趣”，用固定短语lose interest in，本空用介词in，符合题意。故填in。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：每天努力让他吃点东西是一件很麻烦的事，因为他什么都不想吃。句中已有was，设空处用非谓语动词，且表示经常发生的动作，用try“努力”的动名词形式作主语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Trying。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：一天晚上，令我们惊讶的是，他拒绝吃冰淇淋，所以我把它放在了一个员工室的冰箱里。refuse to do sth“拒绝做某事”，为固定短语，本空用eat“吃”的不定式形式，作宾语。故填to eat。 4．考查时间状语从句。句意：我解释完情况后，她道歉了。本空引导时间状语从句，表示“在……后”用after引导，位于句首，首字母大写，故填After。 5．考查时态。句意：她对于我为她所考虑的一切感到非常惊讶，并且眼里含着泪水接受了这份礼物。本空为what引导的宾语从句的谓语，think“思考”这一动作发生在was totally surprised之前，为“过去的过去”，从句时态用过去完成时，从句谓语用had thought。故填had thought。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：我和她聊了几分钟，向她解释了家里发生的事情，并听了她讲述的类似的痛苦经历。句中已有谓语动词spoke和listened，设空处用非谓语动词，动词explain“解释”和句子主语I之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，作状语，故填explaining。 7．考查代词。句意：很明显，她没有多少访客，冰淇淋和我们的简短聊天对她来说意义重大。设空处为句子的形式主语，后面的that引导的主语从句作真正的主语，用代词it，位于句首，首字母大写，故填It。 8．考查定语从句。句意：这位脸色苍白的女士再次感谢了我。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The woman，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰名词face，用关系代词whose引导，故填whose。 9．考查情态动词。句意：我想她一定很孤独。设空处表示“一定”，用情态动词must，故填must。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：这次，得到了一个大大的拥抱作为回报，我意识到当你给予善意而不是接受善意时，善行会更有回报。句中已有谓语动词realized，设空处用非谓语动词，动词reward“回报”和句子主语I之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式表被动。故填rewarded。 Passage 5 (24-25高二上·上海长征中学·期末)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How can we help students do better at school? Researchers at the University of Nevada designed a simple experiment to see 1 the lecturer’s attractiveness has any impact on how much of the lecture students remember or not. Here’s how the experiment was carried out. The researchers asked 131 college students 2 (listen) to a recording of a 20-minute introductory physics lecture. The students were randomly assigned to a male or female lecturer, each of 3 read exactly the same text. While the lecture was playing, a computer screen displayed a photo of the lecturer--who was highly attractive in some cases and not as eye-catching in others.Taking notes 4 (not allow) in the course. After the lecture, participants 5 (get) a 25-question quiz on the lecture. For those who had an attractive instructor, the average score was 18.27; for those 6 an ordinary instructor, the average was 16.68. The researchers said that gap was not huge, but it was statistically significant. Participants were asked to evaluate the lecturers after 7 (test) on the material and they generally agreed about the attractiveness of the lecturers. So do the new findings mean that schools 8 hire better-looking teachers? R.Shane Westfal, the lead author of the new paper, notes that 8 the performance differences in his study amounted to (总计；等于) about half of a better grade, teacher training, experience and dedication would probably make a bigger difference. Interestingly, earlier studies have found that good-looking people are 9 (likely) to get involved in almost any context--suggesting that schools may have hired the more attractive teachers. 【答案】 1．whether 2．to listen 3．whom 4．was not allowed 5．got 6．with 7．being tested 8．should 9．Although/Though/While 10．more likely 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍内华达大学研究人员通过实验探究讲师吸引力对学生记忆讲座内容的影响，分析结果并探讨其对学校聘请教师的启示。 1．考查宾语从句。句意：内华达大学的研究人员设计了一个简单的实验，看看讲师的吸引力是否会对学生记住多少讲座内容产生影响。 空处引导宾语从句，作动词see的宾语，从句中不缺少成分，根据or not可知，此处表示“是否”，应用whether引导宾语从句。故填whether。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员让131名大学生听一段20分钟的大学物理入门讲座录音。ask sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“要求某人做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式to listen作宾语补足语。故填to listen。 3．考查定语从句。句意：学生们被随机分配给一位男讲师或一位女讲师，他们都读完全相同的文本。 空处引导定语从句，此处为“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是a male or female lecturer，指人，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 4．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：课程中不允许做笔记。本句缺少谓语动词，主语Taking notes与动词allow之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据上文was可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语Taking notes是单个的动名词短语，看作单数，所以系动词用was，否定形式为was not allowed。故填was not allowed。 5．考查动词时态。句意：讲座结束后，参与者参加了一个关于讲座内容的25道题的测验。空处为句子的谓语动词，根据下文had可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，动词get的过去式是got。故填got。 6．考查介词。句意：对于那些有有吸引力的讲师的学生，平均成绩是18.27分；对于那些有普通讲师的学生，平均成绩是16.68分。此处表示“有普通讲师的学生”，应用介词with表示“具有，带有”，构成介词短语，作后置定语。故填with。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：参与者在对材料进行测试后被要求对讲师进行评价，他们普遍对讲师的吸引力达成了一致。介词after后接动名词作宾语，且participants与test之间是被动关系，所以应用动名词的被动形式being tested。故填being tested。 8．考查情态动词。句意：那么这些新发现是否意味着学校应该聘请长相更好看的老师呢？根据空后动词原形hire可知，此处应用情态动词should，表示“应该”。故填should。 9．考查连词。句意：新论文的第一作者R. Shane Westfal指出，尽管他的研究中表现差异总计约为半个更好的成绩，但教师培训、经验和奉献精神可能会产生更大的影响。空处引导让步状语从句，此处表示“尽管”，应用although或Though或while引导从句，空处位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填Although/Though/While。 10．考查形容词。句意：有趣的是，早期的研究发现，长相好看的人几乎在任何情况下都更有可能参与其中 —— 这表明学校可能聘请了更有吸引力的教师。 根据空前系动词are可知，空处需填形容词作表语，再根据句意，此处表示“更有可能”，应用形容词likely的比较级more likely。故填more likely。 三、人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海建平中学·期末)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chang’e-6 Takes Off from the Moon’s Far Side The ascender of China’s Chang’e-6 probe (航空探测器) lifted off from the lunar surface on Tuesday morning, carrying samples collected from the moon’s far side, 1 unprecedented achievement in human lunar exploration history. The Chang’e-6 probe, 2 (consist) of an orbiter, a lander, an ascender and a returner — like its predecessor Chang’e-5 — was launched on May 3. Its lander-ascender combination touched down at 3 was designated as the landing area in the South Pole in June 2. The spacecraft finished its intelligent and rapid sampling work, and the samples were put in a container inside the ascender of the probe as planned. “The mission 4 (withstand) the test of high temperature on the far side of the moon,” said the China National Space Administration (CNSA). It adopted two methods of moon sampling, including using a drill to collect subsurface samples and grabbing samples on the surface 5 a robotic arm. It automatically gathered diverse samples at different sites. After the sampling was completed, a Chinese flag carried by the lander 6 (unfold) for the first time on the far side of the moon. Unlike takeoff on Earth, the ascender could not rely on a launch tower system, and the lander acted as a temporary “launching pad” instead. Chang’e-6’s takeoff from the far side of the moor can’t copy the Chang’e-5 ascent from the near side of the moon, 7 it could not receive direct ground control and support. It 8 use its special sensors to achieve autonomous positioning and orientation, with the assistance of Queqiao-2 for communication. Compared with Chang’e-5, Chang’e-6, 9 has witnessed improvements in the autonomy and reliability of its navigation, tackles the challenges posed by the uncertainties of the moon’s far side during its takeoff and ascent. The control system of Chang’e-6 has also been enhanced to improve its autonomy, making it possible for lunar takeoff and ascent 10 (complete) with reduced reliance on relay satellite and ground support. 【答案】 1．an 2．consisting 3．what 4．withstood 5．with 6．was unfolded 7．because/as 8．must 9．which 10．to be completed 【来源】上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了嫦娥六号探测器从月球背面起飞的过程及其意义。 1．考查冠词。句意：中国嫦娥六号探测器的上升器于周二早晨从月表起飞，携带着从月球背面采集的样本，这是人类月球探测史上一个空前的成就。此处泛指“一个空前的成就”，且unprecedented以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：嫦娥六号探测器由轨道器、着陆器、上升器和返回器组成，与它的前身嫦娥五号相似，于5月3日发射。本句谓语为was launched，此处为非谓语动词，consist of“由……组成”没有被动形式，所以此处用现在分词consisting，作后置定语，修饰The Chang’e-6 probe。故填consisting。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：其着陆器-上升器组合于6月2日降落在被指定为南极着陆区的地点。本空引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what引导，故填what。 4．考查时态。句意：中国国家航天局表示：“这次任务经受了月球背面高温的考验。”根据后文said可知，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用withstand“经受住”的过去式withstood。故填withstood。 5．考查介词。句意：它采用了两种月球采样方法，包括使用钻探收集地下样本和用机械臂抓取表面样本。此处表示“用”，需用介词with。故填with。 6．考查动词语态。句意：采样完成后，着陆器携带的中国国旗首次在月球背面展开。根据After the sampling was completed可知，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，且主语a Chinese flag与unfold“使展开，打开”之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was unfolded。 7．考查原因状语从句。句意：嫦娥六号从月球背面起飞不能复制嫦娥五号从月球近侧起飞的路线，因为它不能直接接收地面控制和支持。此处引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”用because/as引导。故填because/as。 8．考查情态动词。句意：它必须使用其特殊传感器实现自主定位和定向，并在鹊桥二号的协助下进行通信。此处表示“必须”，需用情态动词must，故填must。 9．考查定语从句。句意：与嫦娥五号相比，嫦娥六号在导航的自主性和可靠性方面有了改进，解决了起飞和上升过程中月球背面不确定性带来的挑战。“ 9 has witnessed improvements in the autonomy and reliability of its navigation”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chang’ e-6，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：嫦娥六号的控制系统也得到了增强，以提高其自主性，使得月球起飞和上升能够在减少对中继卫星和地面支持的依赖的情况下完成。空前的it是形式宾语，本空用不定式，作真正的宾语，且lunar takeoff and ascent与complete之间是被动关系，所以用动词不定式的被动形式to be completed。故填to be completed。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海同济附中·期末)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Pumee Boontom lives in northern Thailand, but he tunes his television to the Chinese weather forecast. A big storm in southern China 1 (mean) a big release of water from the Chinese dams upstream(上游) — and, in turn, a good chance that his village will be flooded. The Chinese government is supposed 2 (warn) downstream countries, 3 in Boontom’s experience, that warning tends to arrive too late or not at all. Boontom is the leader of Ban Pak Ing, a village on the west bank of the Mekong (湄公河). Twenty years ago, like many of his neighbors, Boontom caught fish for a living. But as China completed one, then two, and then seven dams upstream, the few hundred residents of Ban Pak Ing saw the Mekong change. The sudden rise and fall in water levels interfere with fish migration and spawning (洄游和产卵). 4 the village has protected local spawning grounds, there are no longer enough fish to go around. In recent years Boontom and many others here 5 (sell) their fishing boats and switched to farming corn, tobacco, and beans. It’s a risky living, and not the one they know best — and this life is 6 (challenge) because of the frequent flooding. Ban Pak Ing may be a vision of the future for many Mekong villages. Five more dams are 7 construction in China. Downstream, in Laos and Cambodia (老挝和柬埔寨), 11 major dams are either proposed or already being built. By disturbing fish migration and spawning, the new dams 8 (expect) to threaten the food supply of an estimated 60 million people, most of 9 live in villages much like Ban Pak Ing. The electric power 10 (generate) by the lower Mekong dams is mainly for booming urban centers in Thailand and Vietnam. 【答案】 1．means 2．to warn 3．but 4．Although/Though/While 5．have sold 6．challenging 7．under 8．are expected 9．whom 10．generated 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了湄公河流域大坝建设对下游地区的影响。 1．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：中国南部的一场大暴雨意味着上游中国大坝将大量放水——反过来，他的村庄很可能会被洪水淹没。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语A big storm 是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填means。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国政府本应警告下游国家，但根据Boontom的经验，这种警告往往来得太晚或根本没有。固定搭配be supposed to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”，此处用动词不定式作主语补足语，故填to warn。 3．考查连词。句意：中国政府本应警告下游国家，但根据Boontom 的经验，这种警告往往来得太晚或根本没有。前半句“应该警告”与后半句“警告太晚或没有”之间是转折关系，故填but。 4．考查连词。句意：尽管该村保护了当地的产卵场，但鱼的数量已经不足以分配了。前半句“保护产卵场”与后半句“鱼不够”之间是让步关系，Although/Though/While（三者均可表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句）。首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 5．考查动词时态。句意：近年来，Boontom和这里的许多人卖掉了他们的渔船，转而种植玉米、烟草和豆类。根据时间状 In recent years 可知，此处表示从过去持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时；主语Boontom and many others 是复数，谓语动词用have + 过去分词，sell 的过去分词是 sold，故填have sold。 6．考查形容词。句意：这是一种危险的生活，而且不是他们最熟悉的——由于频繁的洪水，这种生活充满了挑战。此处作系动词 is 的表语，需用形容词形式；challenge的形容词为 challenging（意为“具有挑战性的”），修饰事物，符合语境，故填challenging。 7．考查介词。句意：中国还有五座大坝正在建设中。固定搭配 under construction 意为“在建设中”，故填 under。 8．考查动词时态和语态。句意：通过干扰鱼类洄游和产卵，新大坝预计将威胁约6000万人的粮食供应，其中大多数人生活在与Ban Pak Ing 非常相似的村庄里。此处描述客观情况，用一般现在时；主语 the new dams与expect 之间是被动关系（大坝被预计），需用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”，主语是复数，故填are expected。 9．考查定语从句。句意：通过干扰鱼类洄游和产卵，新大坝预计将威胁约6000万人的粮食供应，其中大多数人生活在与Ban Pak Ing 非常相似的村庄里。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是 60 million people，指人，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，用whom。故填whom。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：湄公河下游大坝产生的电力主要供应给泰国和越南蓬勃发展的城市中心。此处修饰名词The electric power，generate与power 之间是被动关系（电力被产生），用过去分词作定语，故填generated。 Passage 3 (25-26高二上·上海风华中学·校考)Directions: After reading the passage below. fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. Fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks. use one word that best fits each blank. The Rise of Urban Gardening In recent years, a remarkable shift in lifestyle has been observed, as a growing number of city residents have begun growing their own food, 1 has led to the rising popularity of urban gardening. This movement creatively overcomes the challenges of dense urban living. Limited outdoor space in cities doesn’t seem to be an insolvable problem anymore 2 gardeners are cultivating vegetables on balconies, rooftops and even in small containers placed on sunny indoor windowsills. Fundamentally, urban gardening offers a solution to 3 is widely thought of as a disconnect between modern consumers and their food source. In an age of industrialized agriculture.many city kids have little idea about how to grow food, and urban gardening can therefore serve as a vital, hands-on educational tool, bringing lessons of biology and sustainability to life. Moreover, the nutritional benefits are significant; vegetables harvested from your own garden are undeniably fresher, free from prolonged transport and storage, and often more nutritious than 4 mass-produced and bought from supermarket shelves. To foster the community spirits, some community gardens 5 (set) up in the past decade, providing invaluable shared spaces for people who lack their own patches of soil. In these collaborative gardens, urban gardeners of all backgrounds share their knowledge and harvest, 6 (strengthen) neighborhood community bonds. 7 it is clear that urban gardening won’t replace large-scale traditional farming in feeding the entire population, it does undoubtedly make our cities greener, more resilient, and our daily lives healthier. With more people 8 (involve) in this rewarding trend, driven by a desire for sustainability and self-sufficiency, it’s highly likely 9 urban gardening will continue to flourish and evolve in the coming years. The future of a portion of our food, therefore, might be   10 (close) to home than we ever thought possible, taking root in the very heart of our urban landscapes. 【答案】 1．which 2．because/as/since 3．what 4．those 5．have been set 6．strengthening 7．Although/Though/While 8．involved 9．that 10．closer 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是城市园艺（Urban Gardening）的兴起及其多重价值。 1．考查定语从句。句意：近年来，随着越来越多的城市居民开始自己种植食物，人们的生活方式发生了显著的变化，这导致了城市园艺的日益流行。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是前面的整个主句的内容，因此用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。 2．考查原因状语从句。句意：城市中有限的户外空间似乎不再是一个无法解决的问题，因为园丁们在阳台、屋顶甚至放在阳光充足的室内窗台上的小容器里种植蔬菜。由前面的“Limited outdoor space in cities doesn’t seem to be an insolvable problem anymore”和后面“gardeners are cultivating vegetables on balconies, rooftops and even in small containers placed on sunny indoor windowsills”可知，前后两句话之间是因果关系，空格处意为“因为”，是because/as/since，引导原因状语从句。故填because/as/since。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：从根本上说，城市园艺为人们普遍认为的现代消费者与其食物来源之间的脱节提供了一个解决方案。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处表示“城市园艺为人们普遍认为的现代消费者与其食物来源之间的脱节提供了一个解决方案”，因此用what引导宾语从句，故填what。 4．考查代词。句意：此外，它的营养价值是显著的；不可否认，从自家菜园里收获的蔬菜更新鲜，没有长时间的运输和储存，而且往往比那些从超市货架上批量生产和购买的蔬菜更有营养。根据语境可知，句子表示“从自家菜园里收获的蔬菜更新鲜，没有长时间的运输和储存，而且往往比那些从超市货架上批量生产和购买的蔬菜更有营养”，空格处意为“那些”，为同名异物指代，用those指代前面的vegetables，故填those。 5．考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：为了培养社区精神，在过去的十年里，一些社区花园被建立起来，为那些没有自己的土地的人提供了宝贵的共享空间。由in the past decade可知，时态是现在完成时，花园是被建立，因此句子用现在完成时的被动语态，主语gardens是复数，因此空格处是have been set。故填have been set。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：在这些合作菜园中，各种背景的城市园丁分享他们的知识和收获，加强邻里社区的联系。句中谓语是share，空格处用非谓语动词，表示一种自然而然的结果，因此用现在分词作结果状语，故填strengthening。 7．考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然很明显，城市园艺不会取代大规模的传统农业来养活整个人口，但它无疑会使我们的城市更绿色，更有弹性，让我们的日常生活更健康。由“it is clear that urban gardening won’t replace large-scale traditional farming in feeding the entire population”可知，句子表示“虽然很明显，城市园艺不会取代大规模的传统农业来养活整个人口，但它无疑会使我们的城市更绿色，更有弹性，让我们的日常生活更健康”，空格处意为“虽然、尽管”，是although/though/while，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Although/Though/While。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着越来越多的人参与到这种有益的趋势中来，在可持续发展和自给自足的愿望的推动下，城市园艺很可能在未来几年继续蓬勃发展。此处是with复合结构，people和involve之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作宾语补足语，故填involved。 9．考查主语从句。句意：随着越来越多的人参与到这种有益的趋势中来，在可持续发展和自给自足的愿望的推动下，城市园艺很可能在未来几年继续蓬勃发展。it’s highly likely that...是固定句型，意为“很可能……”，其中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，故填that。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意：因此，我们的一部分食物的未来，可能比我们想象的更接近我们的家园，在我们城市景观的中心扎根。由than可知，空格处用形容词比较级closer，故填closer。 Passage 4 (24-25高二上·上海中学·校考)Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. It was a cool October evening in the hill country of southwest Mississippi. Joey Deak and I were there to bow-hunt white-tailed deer, and had set up a rough base camp. After a dinner of sardines, crackers, cheese, onions and lemonade, we retired to our goose-down sleeping bags 1 (spread) beneath an oak tree. 2 the tune of an occasional plop-plop of falling acorns (橡实), Joey immediately fell asleep. However, I lay awake, trying to ignore my partner’s snoring and the screech of a nearby owl. Finally I drifted into a dream about white-tailed deer prancing down a trail. Suddenly, I was jolted awake. It was 3 I had felt a danger signal deep within me. I lay on my side, one arm folded beneath my head, realizing things were not as they 4 be. Then an icy chill skittered up my spine as something with a rough surface 5 (slide) slowly onto my ankles. My heart jumped and I froze. Rattlesnake! Flashed across my mind, searing my thoughts with the old timers’ tales about these deadly reptiles 6 inhabit the hills in Franklin Count — and their sometimes lethal bite. I lay still and tried to maintain my composure as the snake made its hair-raising way upward. I panted for breath and wondered if I was giving off an odor of fear that might provoke 7 into striking. I prayed sincerely to God for safety, and asked for forgiveness. Images of my family flashed before my eyes. The crawling, ticklish movement suddenly stopped. The rattler now lay partially lengthwise along my upper legs and buttocks. Not a muscle twitched as I searched my mind for a way out of the predicament. I had just about decided to catapult myself from the sleeping bag when the snake slowly crawled over my hip and began to coil (盘绕) its full length into the warm confines of my lower stomach, groin and thighs. No movement was made by cither the rattler or me for 8 seemed like an eternity. My mouth was like cotton, and I longed 9 (emit) a long, deep breath. Then waves of goose pimples rippled up my stomach as the snake began to make another move. Oh, God, deliver me, I prayed. I lay frozen, my heart 10 (pound) in my ears. 【答案】 1．spread 2．To 3．as if/as though 4．should 5．slid 6．that/which 7．it 8．what 9．to emit 10．pounding 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次在密西西比州西南部山区狩猎白尾鹿时遭遇响尾蛇的惊险经历。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：晚餐吃完沙丁鱼、饼干、奶酪、洋葱和柠檬水后，我们回到橡树下铺着的鹅绒睡袋里。句中谓语是retired，空格处用非谓语动词，bags和spread之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词，表被动，故填spread。 2．考查介词。句意：伴随着偶尔掉落的橡子扑通扑通的声音，Joey很快就睡着了。to the tune of意为“和着……的曲调”，因此空格处用介词to，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填To。 3．考查表语从句。句意：我仿佛感觉到了内心深处的危险信号。由“I had felt a danger signal deep within me”可知，句子表示“我仿佛感觉到了内心深处的危险信号”，空格处意为“仿佛”，用as if或as though引导表语从句，故填as if或as though。 4．考查情态动词。句意：我侧身躺下，一只胳膊交叉在头下，意识到事情并不像它们应该的那样。空后be是原形，空格处用情态动词，句子表示“意识到事情并不像它们应该的那样”，空格处意为“应该”，情态动词用should。故填should。 5．考查动词时态。句意：然后，一股冰冷的寒意掠过我的脊柱，一个表面粗糙的东西慢慢地滑到我的脚踝上。空格处是谓语，由skittered可知，时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式slid，故填slid。 6．考查定语从句。句意：响尾蛇！我的脑海中突然闪过关于富兰克林县山丘上这些致命爬行动物的古老传说，以及它们有时致命的咬伤，这些传说像烙印一样灼烧着我的思绪。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词reptiles是动物，因此空格处是that或which。故填that或which。 7．考查代词。句意：我喘着气，想知道我是否散发出一种恐惧的气味，可能会引起它的攻击。根据语境可知，空格处指代“响尾蛇”，用it，故填it。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：响尾蛇和我都一动不动，似乎过了很长一段时间。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处表示“响尾蛇和我都一动不动，似乎过了很长一段时间”，因此空格处用what引导宾语从句。故填what。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：我的嘴干燥无力，我渴望深深地吸一口气。long to do sth.是固定短语，意为“渴望做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to emit。故填to emit。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：我一动不动地躺在那里，心砰砰直跳。句中谓语是lay，空格处用非谓语动词，heart和pound之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词，表主动，故填pounding。 Passage 5 (24-25高二上·上海中学·期中)Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. Throughout the pandemic, we 1 (bury) in bad news, just dragging ourselves through the days. If we took a risk, it was often so ordinary: going to the grocery store, socializing with another human being in person. We spent so much cognitive energy trying to stay safe and keep up with events 2 we had little left to pursue the types of big, frightening-yet-exciting adventures that expand our lives. Now, it’s about time that we pushed ourselves outside of our comfort zone. Adventures expand our world by allowing us to engage with our self and others in a new way. Research shows that novelty activates our dopamine (多巴胺) system, which enhances our mood and positive outlook. New situations, especially ones that seem dangerous, also force us to confront our fear. This can boost our mood by making us feel 3 (stressed). You don’t have to free solo Yosemite’s El Capitan to reap benefits. Any adventure 4 you stretch yourself and learn something new counts. For some, it may be jumping out of a plane or scuba diving in Iceland. For others, trying a different workout or going out to dinner at a new place might do the trick. Ready for your adventure? Here’s some advice. Start small. The risks you’re up for now 5 look different from the ones you took before the pandemic. That’s OK. 6 manageable activity you choose to do this weekend will break your laziness, build your confidence, and help you pursue bigger adventures. Shift 7 you view anxiety. Research from Harvard University shows that people who interpreted their nervousness about activities such as karaoke singing and public speaking 8 excitement enjoyed the experiences more and performed better than 9 who tried to suppress their anxiety. This changed their threat mindset into an opportunity mindset. Tap into regret. It can be very motivating. Think about whether you’ll feel disappointed if you miss out on this interesting, expansive experience or glad you stayed home. “We tend 10 (regret) actions we don’t take rather than ones we do,” says Boardman, a psychologist. “So the fear of missing out can help you.” 【答案】 1．have been buried 2．that 3．less stressed 4．where 5．might 6．A 7．how 8．as 9．those 10．to regret 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出疫情期间人们被坏消息和日常事务缠身，没精力追求冒险，现在应走出舒适区，通过冒险来扩展自己的世界，并提供了一些建议。 1．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在整个疫情期间，我们被坏消息淹没，只能拖着自己度过这些日子。空处作句子的谓语，结合“Throughout the pandemic”可知，时态宜用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在产生的影响，be buried in“被埋在……中”是固定用法，应用被动语态，且主语是we，助动词应用have。故填have been buried。 2．考查结果状语从句。句意：我们花费了如此多的认知能量，试图保持安全，跟上事件的发展，以至于我们几乎没有精力去追求那些扩大我们生活的、令人恐惧但又令人兴奋的大冒险。空后为完整的句子，根据“so much cognitive energy”可知，此处用so… that…表示“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。故填that。 3．考查形容词比较级。句意：这可以通过减少压力来改善我们的情绪。根据“boost our mood”可知，此处指“感觉压力减轻”，应用比较级less stressed。故填less stressed。 4．考查定语从句。句意：任何能让你伸展自己、学到新东西的冒险都很重要。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词adventure，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 5．考查情态动词。句意：你现在面临的风险可能看起来与大流行之前不同。空后为动词原形，结合“look different from the ones you took before the pandemic”可知，此处表示一种可能性，指“可能看起来与大流行之前不同”，宜用情态动词might表达一种较为委婉和不确定的推测。故填might。 6．考查冠词。句意：这个周末你选择做一项可控的活动，这会打破你的懒惰，建立你的自信，并帮助你追求更大的冒险。空处表示泛指，意为“一项可控的活动”，应用不定冠词，且manageable的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a，句首单词的首字母应大写。故填A。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：改变你对焦虑的看法。空处引导名词性从句作Shift的宾语，结合后文的“This changed their threat mindset into an opportunity mindset.”可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 8．考查介词。句意：哈佛大学的研究表明，那些将自己对卡拉OK唱歌和公开演讲等活动的紧张情绪解释为兴奋的人，比那些试图抑制焦虑情绪的人更享受这些经历，表现也更好。动词短语interpret… as…意为“把……理解为……”。故填as。 9．考查代词。句意：哈佛大学的研究表明，那些将自己对卡拉OK唱歌和公开演讲等活动的紧张情绪解释为兴奋的人，比那些试图抑制焦虑情绪的人更享受这些经历，表现也更好。空处指代前面的people，为了避免重复，应用代词those。故填those。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：心理学家Boardman说：“我们更倾向于后悔我们没有采取的行动，而不是我们采取的行动。”动词短语tend to do sth.意为“倾向于做某事”，空处应用regret“后悔”的不定式形式。故填to regret。 2 / 31 1 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $