专题03 定语从句（期末复习讲义）九年级英语上学期仁爱科普版

专题03 定语从句（期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 定语从句 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空 词汇运用 补全对话等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 知识点01 被动语态 一、关系代词的用法 1．关系代词是代替人或物的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 常见的关系代词的用法： 关系代词 在从句中的作用 指代的内容 that 作主语或宾语 指人或物 which 作主语或宾语 指物（可与that互换） who 作主语（在口语和非正式文体中也常用作宾语） 指人（可与that互换） whom 是who的宾格，作宾语 指人 whose 是who的所有格，作后面名词的定语 指人或物 ① Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？ ② He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。 ③ A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。 ④ The package which/that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 ⑤ They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 2．引导定语从句的关系代词that，which指物时，可以互相替换，但以下几种情况只能用that，不能用which。 ① 当先行词是anything，everything，nothing，something，few，all，none，little，some等代词时，或者是由every，any，all，some，no，little，few，much等修饰时。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 最终，小偷偷的所有东西全部交给了警察。 ② 当先行词被序数词、数词、形容词或最高级修饰时 The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twain. 我读的第一本书是马克·吐温写的《王子与贫儿》。 ③ 先行词既有人又有物时； He talked about the teachers and school that he visited. 他在讲他以前访问过的学校和老师。 ④ 当先行词被the very，the only修饰时 He is the very that helped the girl out of the water. 他从水中救起了那个女孩。 ⑤ 当先行词前面有who，which等疑问代词时 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 那个站在门口的人是谁？ 二、关系副词的用法 关系副词在定语从句中作状语，一般不可省略。 1．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其前一般有表时间的名词。 There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了。 2．where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其前一般有表地点的名词。 That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。 3．why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常为reason。 She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因。 【即时检测】 一、单项选择 1．Du Fu is a Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world. A．what B．who C．whom D．whose 2．I’ll never forget the days ________ we spent together five years ago. A．which B．when C．where D．how 3．The museum ________ we visited last month ________ over 10,000 visitors during the Labor Day holiday. A．where; received B．which; has received C．who; receives D．what; will receive 4．—Do you know the woman over there? —The one ______ is holding some books? Oh, that’s my history teacher. A．what B．which C．who 5．Flammable ice (可燃冰) is a kind of new energy ________ produces less pollution. A．which B．what C．who D．when 6．Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is a story ________ shows how much ancient people wanted to know about the world. A．which B．who C．what D．whose 7．The boy _________ is flying a kite on the playground is my little brother. A．which B．who C．where D．whom 8．I’ll never forget those ________ can reach for my hand and touch my heart whenever I meet difficulties. A．who B．which C．what 9．That’s the new instrument ________ parts are too small to be seen. A．that B．which C．whose 10．He lives in a village ________ there are a lot of trees. A．which B．where C．that 11．The book tells the story of a girl called Mulan ________ joins the army instead of her father. A．whose B．who C．whom D．which 12．The coach punished those _______ were late for the training by making them run around the sports field. A．which B．who C．what 13．—Mr. Lee, there is someone in the office ________ would like to talk to you. —All right. I’m coming. A．who B．which C．where 14．The panda is a kind of animal ________ can be found only in China. A．who B．whose C．where D．which 15．I will never forget the teacher ________ helped me three years ago. A．which B．whom C．who 16．Nearly everyone ________ saw the pictures of the accident on TV felt shocked. A．who B．which C．whose 17．Ne Zha 2 is a really cool movie ______ people of all ages love. A．which B．what C．where D．who 18．A true friend is a person ________ will always be there to share your laughter and tears. A．what B．which C．who 19．Erquan Yingyue, the Chinese folk music, ________ is played on the erhu is sad but beautiful. A．which B．where C．who 20．He is the man ________ I saw yesterday. A．where B．what C．who D．why 二、完成句子 21．在她的努力下，山村的孩子们不仅学到了音乐知识，还获得了登上更 大舞台的机会，为他们的生活带来了希望与光明。 With her efforts, the children in the mountain village not only learned music but also got the opportunity to stand on a larger stage, bringing hope and light to their lives. 22．手机是让人们生活更便捷的工具。 Mobile phones are the tools people’s lives easier. 23．回顾参与生态保护项目的经历，我深深感激那些指导我的志愿者们。 Looking back at joining environmental protection projects, I’m really thankful for the volunteers guided me. 24．我们中国人常说：行动胜于空谈，是成功的关键。 As we Chinese often say: Actions, louder than words, are the keys to success. 25．未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。 The future belongs to those in the beauty of their dreams. 26．正在公园里跳舞的那位女士是我姑姑。 The woman dancing in the park is my aunt. 27．最重要的是，你会遇到让贵州与众不同的人——农民在山上种茶，孩子们唱民歌，以及脸上洋溢着慈祥笑容的长者。 Most importantly, you’ll meet people Guizhou special—farmers growing tea on hills, kids singing folk songs, and elders with warm smiles on their faces. 28．到达那里之后，我们尽力做我们能做的事情去帮助他们。 After arriving there, we tried our best to do the things help them. 29．这一节气名为“谷雨”，因雨水帮助谷物生长而闻名。 This solar term is named the Grain Rain because it is famous for rain the grain grow. 30．在这次活动中，你将欣赏到有着众多经典台词的精彩电影。 You will enjoy wonderful movies lots of classic lines in the activity. 三、补全对话 请阅读下面对话，根据对话内容从下面的七个选项中选择五个填入空白处，使对话通顺、合理、意思完整，并在答题卡上将其序号涂黑。一空一句。 A: Hi, Tom. 31 B: I’m reading a book about AI. A: AI? 32 B: It stands for Artificial Intelligence (人工智能). A: 33 B: Well, let me think. For example, AI can help scientists develop self-driving cars. A: Sounds interesting. 34 B: Yes, it is. Many jobs will be replaced by AI in the future. A: 35 B: We should learn new skills and try to be creative. A．What does it stand for? B．Is it really that important? C．What are you doing? D．What’s wrong with you? E．How is it used in our daily life? F．How can we deal with this situation? G．Can you give me an example? 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法选择 In 2025, Jack started separating bottles and cans into different types on weekends when he was 11. He was playing baseball in his hometown. 1 , the team faced 2 financial (财政) problem, and it stopped them preparing for the match. Jack came up with a plan 3 the problem. Cans and bottles can 4 here. Then Jack can exchange them for money. As a result, Jack started to collect bottles on the road with the help of 5 father. To their 6 , they raised $7,500 within a short time. Since then, Jack’s recycling effort 7 $350,000. Now it helps at least 50 youth groups 8 collecting more than 2 million bottles and cans. It has kept them from littering on the road. In 2023, Jack was given a Prize for Young Heroes. It honors the kids and teens 9 protect the earth. After receiving the award, he believed that more and more kids would take part in this activity to make the world much 10 . 1．A．However B．And C．So 2．A．an B．the C．a 3．A．to solve B．solve C．solving 4．A．were collected B．collected C．be collected 5．A．he B．his C．him 6．A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising 7．A．will raise B．has raised C．raised 8．A．by B．with C．for 9．A．what B．who C．which 10．A．well B．better C．best 2、 阅读理解 A The Longtaitou Festival, also known as the Eryue’er Festival, is a traditional Chinese festival. It always falls on the second day of the second lunar month. The name means “dragon raising its head”, carrying a sense of hope. In Chinese ancient farming culture, this festival holds great importance. People believe that after the Longtaitou Festival, the rain will gradually increase. It is said that on this day the dragon king who is in control of rain will wake up from hibernation (冬眠) and lift his head. It marks the start of the busy farming season. The celebration of the Longtaitou Festival is rich in traditions. One of the most well-known customs is getting a haircut. Many people believe that cutting their hair in the first lunar month will bring bad fortune. And having a haircut on the Longtaitou Festival can bring good luck and success all the year. In some areas, dumplings, spring rolls, wontons and popcorn are all given dragon names on this day. Noodles are called dragon’s beard or longxu. Dumplings are dragon’s ears or long’er. Spring rolls are dragon’s scales or longlin. Wontons are dragon’s eyes or longyan. And popcorn is called dragon’s seeds or longzi. It’s said that eating these foods can bring good luck. In ancient times, there were even more customs. People used to spread ashes (灰) in the kitchen, with the belief that it could lead the dragon into the house. This was done to ask for a harvest (丰收) with the help of the dragon. However, as time goes by, some of these ancient customs have gradually died out. The Longtaitou Festival still holds a special place in the hearts of Chinese people. It serves not only as a festival but also as a symbol of our traditional culture. It acts as a bridge, connecting us with our history. 11．What do people believe will happen after the Longtaitou Festival? A．The weather will gradually be fine. B．The temperature will gradually rise. C．The wind will gradually become strong. D．The rain will gradually increase. 12．What does the underlined word “fortune” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Luck. B．Health. C．Start. D．Look. 13．Why do people get a haircut at the Longtaitou Festival? A．Because they want to look good. B．Because it is a tradition passed down. C．Because they believe it can bring good luck D．Because it is the first haircut in the new year. 14．What has happened to some ancient customs of the Longtaitou Festival? A．They have become more popular. B．They have gradually died out. C．They have changed a little. D．They have started again. 15．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． B In China, more and more adults are becoming overweight. In fact, 34.8% of adults are overweight and 14.1% are obese (肥胖的). The number of obese people is growing faster than the number of those who are just overweight. Experts say that each year there are 5.4% more obese adults in China. Zhang Zhongtao, who works at Beijing Friendship Hospital, said that obesity was causing big health and money problems around the world. It is now a serious public health problem in China. By the year of 2030, it is expected that China will spend about 22% of all its healthcare money on problems related to being overweight or obese. At a meeting, Zhang asked people to pay more attention to obesity and how to manage weight. He believes that the government and society do not focus enough on this problem. “We hope to work with public charities to give help to obese patients who need to lose weight medically but can’t pay for it.” he said. He also explained why people become overweight. It is mainly because they eat more energy than they run out of. In the north of China, people like to eat noodles, and in the south, they prefer rice. Both foods have carbohydrates (碳水化合物), but eating noodles can make you gain more weight. Climate (气候) also affects people in the north. Because it’s colder, they like to eat foods with more calories, like fried chicken and chocolate, to stay warm. Obesity is a common problem and can lead to other diseases. This is why it’s so important to prevent and control obesity to help build a “Healthy China”. 16．How does Paragraph 1 tell the seriousness of the overweight problem in China? A．By giving examples. B．By listing some numbers. C．By asking some questions. D．By comparing with other countries. 17．What reasons for being overweight are true according to the passage? ①Eating too much. ②The climate in the north. ③Suffering from a disease. ④Preferring noodles to rice. ⑤Eating too late. ⑥Being in a poor sleep. A．①③④ B．②④⑥ C．①②④ D．②③⑤ 18．What can we probably infer from the passage? A．there are 5.4% more obese children in China each year. B．Rice and fried chicken are good for keeping out of the cold completely. C．People have full understanding about the problems of being overweight. D．Overweight and obese problems may cover fewer than a quarter of China’s medical cost. 19．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 20．What is the passage mainly about? A．You are what you eat. B．How much you spend on losing weight. C．Rising obesity rates in China need attention. D．Overweight adults like to eat more food. 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式（每空一词）。 Volleyball is a popular sport in the world. The story 21 volleyball began over a century ago in the United States. In 1895, William G. Morgan, a P. E. teacher in Holyoke, Massachusetts, was looking for a new game that can make 22 (he) classes fun. With the goal in mind, Morgan got ideas from tennis, baseball, handball and so on. 23 (final), he invented volleyball. Over time, the game’s rules are different. At first, the game had no set number of players. There was also no limit (限制) on how many times to hit the ball 24 it passed over the net. Maybe the most important turning point in the history of the sport was the introduction of the “three hits” rule. This rule said teams could touch the ball three times before 25 (hit) it over the net. It made the game even 26 (hard). In the last few years, the sport has kept changing and coming up with new ideas. Different 27 (type) of the game appeared, such as beach volleyball. It made the sport even more popular. And volleyball was 28 (accept) as an Olympic sport in the 1964 Olympics. The history of volleyball is as exciting as the sport itself. Volleyball isn’t just a game. It’s a sport 29 has a rich history. It isn’t just about scoring points. It’s about the story of a game that 30 (bring) people together, on and off the court. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 An artist painted many pictures of great beauty. But he found that he had not yet painted a “real” picture. He began his trip to look 1 the most beautiful thing in the world. On the way, he met an old priest (牧师) who asked him 2 he was going. “I don’t know,” said the artist. “I want to 3 the most beautiful thing in the world. Perhaps you can tell me something about it,” “How easy!” the priest 4 . “In the church (教堂), you will find it—Faith (信仰) is the most beautiful thing in the world.” The 5 traveled on. Later, a young mother with a baby in her arms told him the most beautiful thing is “Love”. “Love” makes the world go round. 6 there is no love, there is no beauty. Still the artist 7 his trip. He asked a soldier the same question and his answer was “Peace”. He said, “War is ugly and wherever you find (a) 8 , you will find beauty, faith and love.” “But how can I paint 9 of them—Faith, Love and Peace?” He thought and thought. He was so 10 that without thinking where he was going, he had got to his own home. In the faces of his wife and children, he 11 Love and Faith. “We are thinking of you 12 ” said his wife. “We 13 you would come back to us safely.” The artist sat on his favorite old chair and 14 heart was at peace. The artist painted the most beautiful thing in the world and called it 15 . Do you agree with him? 1．A．for B．at C．up D．after 2．A．why B．where C．when D．how 3．A．have B．paint C．buy D．sell 4．A．replied B．asked C．promised D．wondered 5．A．wife B．child C．priest D．artist 6．A．Though B．If C．But D．Unless 7．A．came on B．went on C．got on D．put on 8．A．church B．mother C．painting D．peace 9．A．all B．any C．some D．both 10．A．sad B．quiet C．surprised D．angry 11．A．shared B．heard C．knew D．saw 12．A．all the time B．at one time C．in no time D．at that time 13．A．watched B．hoped C．remembered D．found 14．A．their B．its C．his D．her 15．A．Peace B．Faith C．Love D．Home 二、选词填空 （一） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。(每空限填一词，每词限用一次) good    have    difficult    join    who Nowadays, museums have become must-visit places. However, the tickets are often 16 to get. For example, over 600,000 people try to book the tickets to the Shaanxi History Museum online every day, but only 12,000 visitors can enter. Luckily, the Shanhai App gives another choice to those 17 can’t get museum tickets. It brings tens of thousands of cultural artifacts (文物) from around the world to a digital platform. With it, users can see 3 D pictures of them and learn about their history on their phones. The app supports six languages. It even 18 an online community where people can discuss art and history with experts. Over 30 museums, like the Hunan Museum and the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, have 19 the platform. Looking ahead, the app plans to digitize cultural artifacts from museums across China. It hopes to help people all over the world get a much 20 understanding of China’s cultural treasures. （二） 请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确，意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。 invent  call  on  since  that  million  aim  difficult  bright  what  they  people In January 2025, an app 21 DeepSeek has caught a lot of attention all over the world, which shows that China has made great progress in technology. 22 of people are excited and amazed by its success. DeepSeek, a Chinese company, focuses 23 artificial intelligence (AI). 24 it was set up in 2023, it has become a leader in the field of AI. The company 25 to solve difficult problems through advanced technology. For example, its team has created smart systems to help students improve 26 learning. In 2024, it developed a new AI tool 27 can translate languages in a very short time. This 28 has brought great convenience to people around the world. All in all, DeepSeek plays an important role in changing the AI world now. It makes 29 life more convenient. What’s more, many teenagers are also inspired to learn about AI. “Let’s learn to be more creative and build a 30 future.”, said a student. 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 1、 单项选择 1．（2025·西藏·中考真题）The story ________ my grandfather told me about Qian Xuesen is touching. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 2．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）Mr. Smith has just given us a speech ________ was about developing reading skills. A．which B．what C．whom D．who 3．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）Chengdu is a city in China ________ has two airports because of the opening of Chengdu Tianfu International Airport. A．where B．who C．that 4．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）The high-technology clothes ________ the players wore helped them perform better in the 9th Asian Winter Games. A．that B．who C．what 5．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—Did you watch the most exciting dance ________ was performed by robots during the Spring Festival Gala of the Year of the Snake? —Yes, it was amazing. A．which B．that C．who 6．（2025·四川成都·中考真题）It’s hard to say goodbye to the teachers ________ have spent the past three years with us. A．which B．who C．what 7．（2025·四川达州·中考真题）—What kind of music do you like? —I like music ________ I can dance to. When I hear the songs, I’m full of energy. A．what B．why C．that 8．（2025·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kinds of after-school activities do you like? —I like those activities ________ are about P.E. and art. A．who B．whom C．which D．/ 9．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those ________ grow up in the right family, while others believe that success mostly comes down to hard work. A．who B．whose C．which D．whom 10．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people hope. A．whom B．who C．which D．whose 11．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Although my grandfather is over 90 years old, he still remembers the people ________ he met when he was young. A．who B．when C．where D．which 12．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance performance ________ is quite popular these days. A．who B．which C．whose 13．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike ________ can fly in the sky. A．where B．when C．which D．who 14．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—I’ll never forget the experiences ______ we had in the volunteer work last summer. —Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun. A．when B．who C．that 15．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—I feel so nervous. What should I do? —You’d better listen to music that ________. A．helps you relax B．you can dance C．makes you sad 16．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ can help you when you are in trouble. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 17．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Linda prefers musicians who ________ different kinds of music. A．play B．plays C．was playing D．is playing 18．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the movies ________ make me feel happy and relaxed. A．what B．which C．who D．/ 19．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ will always be there to share your laughter and tears. A．what B．which C．who D．whom 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 定语从句（期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 定语从句 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空 词汇运用 补全对话等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 知识点01 被动语态 一、关系代词的用法 1．关系代词是代替人或物的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 常见的关系代词的用法： 关系代词 在从句中的作用 指代的内容 that 作主语或宾语 指人或物 which 作主语或宾语 指物（可与that互换） who 作主语（在口语和非正式文体中也常用作宾语） 指人（可与that互换） whom 是who的宾格，作宾语 指人 whose 是who的所有格，作后面名词的定语 指人或物 ① Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？ ② He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。 ③ A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。 ④ The package which/that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 ⑤ They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 2．引导定语从句的关系代词that，which指物时，可以互相替换，但以下几种情况只能用that，不能用which。 ① 当先行词是anything，everything，nothing，something，few，all，none，little，some等代词时，或者是由every，any，all，some，no，little，few，much等修饰时。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 最终，小偷偷的所有东西全部交给了警察。 ② 当先行词被序数词、数词、形容词或最高级修饰时 The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twain. 我读的第一本书是马克·吐温写的《王子与贫儿》。 ③ 先行词既有人又有物时； He talked about the teachers and school that he visited. 他在讲他以前访问过的学校和老师。 ④ 当先行词被the very，the only修饰时 He is the very that helped the girl out of the water. 他从水中救起了那个女孩。 ⑤ 当先行词前面有who，which等疑问代词时 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 那个站在门口的人是谁？ 二、关系副词的用法 关系副词在定语从句中作状语，一般不可省略。 1．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其前一般有表时间的名词。 There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了。 2．where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其前一般有表地点的名词。 That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。 3．why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常为reason。 She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因。 【即时检测】 一、单项选择 1．Du Fu is a Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world. A．what B．who C．whom D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：杜甫是一位在全世界很受欢迎的中国诗人。 考查定语从句的关系代词。what什么，指事物；who谁，指人，可作主语；whom谁，指人但作宾语；whose谁的，表示所有格。空白处需用关系代词指代“a Chinese poet”，指人，并在从句中作主语。故选B。 2．I’ll never forget the days ________ we spent together five years ago. A．which B．when C．where D．how 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记五年前我们一起度过的日子。 考查定语从句。根据“the days...we spent together five years ago”可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是“the days”，表示物，在从句中作“spent”的宾语，因此要用关系代词“which”来引导定语从句。故选A。 3．The museum ________ we visited last month ________ over 10,000 visitors during the Labor Day holiday. A．where; received B．which; has received C．who; receives D．what; will receive 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们上个月参观的博物馆在劳动节假期期间接待了超过10,000名游客。 考查定语从句及时态。根据“The museum ... we visited”可知，句子是定语从句，先行词是The museum，指物，在从句中作宾语，用which/that引导定语从句；根据“over 10,000 visitors during the Labor Day holiday.”及语境可知，此处是强调过去的动作对现在产生的结果，应用现在完成时。故选B。 4．—Do you know the woman over there? —The one ______ is holding some books? Oh, that’s my history teacher. A．what B．which C．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你认识那边那位女士吗？——那个拿着书的吗？哦，那是我的历史老师。 考查定语从句关系代词辨析。what什么；which哪一个；who谁。先行词为“the one”（指人），从句缺少主语，需用关系代词指代人。故选C。 5．Flammable ice (可燃冰) is a kind of new energy ________ produces less pollution. A．which B．what C．who D．when 【答案】A 【详解】句意：可燃冰是一种产生较少污染的新能源。 考查定语从句引导词。which哪个，先行词是物；what什么，不引导定语从句；who谁，先行词是人；when何时，先行词是时间。new energy为物，在定语从句“…produces less pollution”中作主语；which可引导定语从句，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。故选A。 6．Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is a story ________ shows how much ancient people wanted to know about the world. A．which B．who C．what D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：《夸父逐日》是一个展现古代人有多渴望了解世界的故事。 考查定语从句。which哪一个；who谁；what什么；whose谁的。根据“Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is a story...shows how much ancient people wanted to know about the world.”可知，本句是一个定语从句，用来修饰先行词“story”。先行词“story”是物，“which”可以指代物“story”，在定语从句中充当主语，符合句子的语法和语义要求。故选A。 7．The boy _________ is flying a kite on the playground is my little brother. A．which B．who C．where D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在操场上放风筝的那个男孩是我的小弟弟。 考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，“... is flying a kite on the playground”是定语从句，修饰先行词The boy，指人，且在从句中作主语，因此用who引导定语从句。故选B。 8．I’ll never forget those ________ can reach for my hand and touch my heart whenever I meet difficulties. A．who B．which C．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记那些在我遇到困难时伸出援助之手，触动我内心的人。 考查定语从句。who谁，先行词指人；which哪一个，先行词指物；what什么，不引导定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为指人的“those”，who符合。故选A。 9．That’s the new instrument ________ parts are too small to be seen. A．that B．which C．whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：那是一种零件小得看不见的新仪器。 考查定语从句。that指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whose谁的，在定语从句中作定语。根据“parts are too small to be seen.”可知，设空处表示所有关系，意思是“其”或“该仪器的”，用于连接“instrument”和“parts”，表明“仪器的部件”，“whose parts”相当于“the instrument’s parts”，故选C。 10．He lives in a village ________ there are a lot of trees. A．which B．where C．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他住在一个有很多树的村庄里。 考查定语从句。which哪一个；where在哪里；that那。分析句子结构和选项可知，应选关系副词where，引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词village，在从句中作地点状语，相当于in which。故选B。 11．The book tells the story of a girl called Mulan ________ joins the army instead of her father. A．whose B．who C．whom D．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这本书讲述了一个名叫花木兰的女孩代父从军的故事。 考查定语从句。whose谁的，表所属关系；who指代人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom指代人，在定语中作宾语；which代指物，哪一个。原句为复合句，主句是“The book tells the story of a girl called Mulan”，空格是定语从句修饰先行词是a girl，指人，在从句中作主语，因此关系词用who。故选B。 12．The coach punished those _______ were late for the training by making them run around the sports field. A．which B．who C．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：教练惩罚那些训练迟到的人，让他们在运动场上跑来跑去。 考查定语从句的引导词。which哪一个；who谁；what什么。根据“The coach punished those…were late for the training by making them”可知，此处为定语从句，先行词是those，指人，应用who引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语。故选B。 13．—Mr. Lee, there is someone in the office ________ would like to talk to you. —All right. I’m coming. A．who B．which C．where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——李先生，办公室里有人想和你谈谈。——好的，我就来。 考查定语从句引导词。who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；which指物；where指地点，在从句中作状语。先行词是“someone”（指人），且引导词在从句中作主语，应用who。故选A。 14．The panda is a kind of animal ________ can be found only in China. A．who B．whose C．where D．which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：熊猫是一种只能在中国找到的动物。考查定语从句关系代词辨析。who指代人；whose表示所属关系；where表示地点；which指代物或动物。根据题干“The panda is a kind of animal ... can be found only in China”可知，空格处需要填入一个关系代词来指代前面的“animal”（动物），且引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，因此应选用指代物的关系代词“which”。故选D。 15．I will never forget the teacher ________ helped me three years ago. A．which B．whom C．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：永远不会忘记那位三年前帮助过我的老师。考查who引导的限制性定语从句。本题先行词“the teacher”是人，引导词在从句中作主语，所以用“who”。故选C。 16．Nearly everyone ________ saw the pictures of the accident on TV felt shocked. A．who B．which C．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：几乎每个在电视上看到事故照片的人都感到震惊。 考查定语从句。who引导定语从句，先行词表示人；which引导定语从句，先行词表示事物；whose引导定语从句，作定语，修饰名词。此处先行词everyone表示人，在定语从句中作主语，因此用who引导定语从句，故选A。 17．Ne Zha 2 is a really cool movie ______ people of all ages love. A．which B．what C．where D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：《哪吒 2》是一部非常酷的电影，各个年龄段的人都喜欢。 考查定语从句。which，关系代词，在句中指代物；what什么，不能引导定语从句；where关系副词，在句中指代地点；who关系代词，在句中指代人。根据“Ne Zha 2 is a really cool movie…people of all ages love.”可知此句是个定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且先行词movie是物，所以用which引导从句。故选A。 18．A true friend is a person ________ will always be there to share your laughter and tears. A．what B．which C．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：真正的朋友是一个永远在那里分享你的欢笑和泪水的人。 考查定语从句。what什么，不引导定语从句；which哪一个，先行词指物；who谁，先行词指人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为指人的“a person”，who符合。故选C。 19．Erquan Yingyue, the Chinese folk music, ________ is played on the erhu is sad but beautiful. A．which B．where C．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：用二胡演奏的中国民间音乐《二泉映月》悲伤但美丽。 考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，修饰事物；where引导定语从句，修饰地点；who引导定语从句，修饰人。空格前的先行词the Chinese folk music表示事物，用which引导定语从句。故选A。 20．He is the man ________ I saw yesterday. A．where B．what C．who D．why 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他就是我昨天见到的那个人。考查定语从句关系词。where指地点，关系副词；what什么，不能引导定语从句；who指人，可作宾语，关系代词；why表原因，关系副词。空处所在句为定语从句，先行词为“the man”，指人，且从句中缺少宾语，需用指人的关系代词who。故选C。 二、完成句子 21．在她的努力下，山村的孩子们不仅学到了音乐知识，还获得了登上更 大舞台的机会，为他们的生活带来了希望与光明。 With her efforts, the children in the mountain village not only learned music but also got the opportunity to stand on a larger stage, bringing hope and light to their lives. 【答案】 that/who lived 【详解】根据“the children...in the mountain village”和中文句子可知，此处指“山村的孩子们”，“...in the mountain village”是定语从句，先行词“the children”指人，且从句缺少主语，因此该定语从句的引导词应是that/who；live in“居住在，生活在”，句子用一般过去时，动词live用过去式。故填that/who；lived。 22．手机是让人们生活更便捷的工具。 Mobile phones are the tools people’s lives easier. 【答案】 which/that/to make 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“让”的英文。分析句子成分可知，本句可为定语从句，the tools为先行词，需指物的关系代词which/that；make“使，让”为动词，根据“are”可知，本句时态为一般现在时，the tools为名词复数，动词用原形make；或者空处需动词不定式to make作后置定语，表示工具的功能或用途。故填which/that/to；make。 23．回顾参与生态保护项目的经历，我深深感激那些指导我的志愿者们。 Looking back at joining environmental protection projects, I’m really thankful for the volunteers guided me. 【答案】 who/that have 【详解】分析句子可知，此处需要一个定语从句来修饰先行词“the volunteers”，表示“那些指导我的志愿者们”。在定语从句中，关系词需要代替先行词在从句中充当成分，由于先行词“the volunteers”指人，且在从句中作主语，所以应使用关系代词“who/that”来引导定语从句；“指导我”的动作发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响，因此需要用现在完成时“have/has done”，“the volunteers”是复数，助动词用have。故填who/that；have。 24．我们中国人常说：行动胜于空谈，是成功的关键。 As we Chinese often say: Actions, louder than words, are the keys to success. 【答案】 which speak 【详解】分析句子结构可知，空处句子是非限制性定语从句，先行词actions指物，作主语，引导词用which，speak“说”，作从句的谓语；时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填which；speak。 25．未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。 The future belongs to those in the beauty of their dreams. 【答案】 who believe 【详解】根据题干和句意可知，本句为定语从句。先行词为“those”，指代“那些人”，引导词只能用关系代词“who”；动词“believe”意为“相信”，believe in意为“相信……”，根据“The future belongs to those”可知，应用一般现在时，而定语从句中主语“who”指代“那些人”，为复数，动词用原形，故填who; believe。 26．正在公园里跳舞的那位女士是我姑姑。 The woman dancing in the park is my aunt. 【答案】who is/that is 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“正在……的那位”，这里需要用定语从句来修饰“The woman”，先行词“The woman”是人，在定语从句中作主语，所以关系代词用 “who”或“that”，又因为“正在跳舞”是现在进行时，结构为“be+现在分词”，主语是单数，be动词用“is”。故填who is/that is。 27．最重要的是，你会遇到让贵州与众不同的人——农民在山上种茶，孩子们唱民歌，以及脸上洋溢着慈祥笑容的长者。 Most importantly, you’ll meet people Guizhou special—farmers growing tea on hills, kids singing folk songs, and elders with warm smiles on their faces. 【答案】 who make 【详解】据句意可知，此处需要一个定语从句的引导词以及相应的谓语动词来修饰“people”，并表达“使贵州与众不同”的意思。在定语从句中，引导词“who”用于指代人，即这里的“people”。而“make”作为谓语动词，与“who”一起构成定语从句，表达“使……与众不同”的含义，完整表达为“who make Guizhou special”。故填who；make。 28．到达那里之后，我们尽力做我们能做的事情去帮助他们。 After arriving there, we tried our best to do the things help them. 【答案】 that we could to 【详解】本句可用定语从句表示，先行词是“things”，引导词在从句中作主语，可用that引导；we我们；could能；to help them去帮助他们，使用动词不定式表目的。故填that；we；could；to。 29．这一节气名为“谷雨”，因雨水帮助谷物生长而闻名。 This solar term is named the Grain Rain because it is famous for rain the grain grow. 【答案】 that/which helps 【详解】根据“because it is famous for rain...the grain grow.”可知，rain后为定语从句，先行词是rain，用that/which在从句中作为主语，rain是不可数名词，所以谓语动词help“帮助”需用第三人称单数形式helps。故填that/which；helps。 30．在这次活动中，你将欣赏到有着众多经典台词的精彩电影。 You will enjoy wonderful movies lots of classic lines in the activity. 【答案】 that/which have 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，第一空应填关系代词that/which，引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词movies，指物，在从句中作主语；从句中时态为一般现在时，陈述一个事实，have“有”，先行词movies是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填that/which；have。 三、补全对话 请阅读下面对话，根据对话内容从下面的七个选项中选择五个填入空白处，使对话通顺、合理、意思完整，并在答题卡上将其序号涂黑。一空一句。 A: Hi, Tom. 31 B: I’m reading a book about AI. A: AI? 32 B: It stands for Artificial Intelligence (人工智能). A: 33 B: Well, let me think. For example, AI can help scientists develop self-driving cars. A: Sounds interesting. 34 B: Yes, it is. Many jobs will be replaced by AI in the future. A: 35 B: We should learn new skills and try to be creative. A．What does it stand for? B．Is it really that important? C．What are you doing? D．What’s wrong with you? E．How is it used in our daily life? F．How can we deal with this situation? G．Can you give me an example? 【答案】31．C 32．A 33．G 34．B 35．F 【导语】本文是一则对话，主要内容为A和Tom两人在谈论有关人工智能的话题。 31．根据下文答语“I’m reading a book about AI.”可知，此处是A询问Tom在做什么。选项C“你在干什么？”符合语境。故选C。 32．根据下文答语“It stands for Artificial Intelligence.”可知，此处是A询问AI代表什么。选项A“它代表什么？”符合语境。故选A。 33．根据下文答语“Well, let me think. For example, AI can help scientists develop self-driving cars.”可知，此处是A请求Tom举例说明AI的用途。选项G“你能给我举个例子吗？”符合语境。故选G。 34．根据下文答语“Yes, it is. Many jobs will be replaced by AI in the future.”可知，此处是一个一般疑问句，且询问的是AI的重要性。选项B“这真的那么重要吗？”符合语境。故选B。 35．根据下文答语“We should learn new skills and try to be creative.”可知，此处是A询问应对方法，选项F“我们如何处理这种情况？”符合语境。故选F。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法选择 In 2025, Jack started separating bottles and cans into different types on weekends when he was 11. He was playing baseball in his hometown. 1 , the team faced 2 financial (财政) problem, and it stopped them preparing for the match. Jack came up with a plan 3 the problem. Cans and bottles can 4 here. Then Jack can exchange them for money. As a result, Jack started to collect bottles on the road with the help of 5 father. To their 6 , they raised $7,500 within a short time. Since then, Jack’s recycling effort 7 $350,000. Now it helps at least 50 youth groups 8 collecting more than 2 million bottles and cans. It has kept them from littering on the road. In 2023, Jack was given a Prize for Young Heroes. It honors the kids and teens 9 protect the earth. After receiving the award, he believed that more and more kids would take part in this activity to make the world much 10 . 1．A．However B．And C．So 2．A．an B．the C．a 3．A．to solve B．solve C．solving 4．A．were collected B．collected C．be collected 5．A．he B．his C．him 6．A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising 7．A．will raise B．has raised C．raised 8．A．by B．with C．for 9．A．what B．who C．which 10．A．well B．better C．best 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了杰克从11岁开始通过回收瓶子和易拉罐解决棒球队财政问题，后来持续这项环保事业并获奖的故事。 1．句意：他当时在家乡打棒球，然而，球队面临一个财政问题，这阻碍了他们准备比赛。 However然而；And和、并且；So所以。根据“He was playing baseball in his hometown.…, the team faced…financial problem,”可知，前文说打棒球，后文说球队有财政问题，是转折关系，故选A。 2．句意：他当时在家乡打棒球，然而，球队面临一个财政问题，这阻碍了他们准备比赛。 an用于元音音素开头的单词前；the表特指；a用于辅音音素开头的单词前。根据“financial problem”为单数可数名词，且financial以辅音音素开头，此处表示“一个财政问题”，故选C。 3．句意：杰克想出一个解决问题的计划。 to solve动词不定式；solve动词原形；solving动词ing形式。根据“Jack came up with a plan…the problem.”可知，这里是a plan to do sth表示“做某事的计划”。此处需用动词不定式to solve，故选A。 4．句意：罐子和瓶子能在这里被收集。 were collected一般过去时被动；collected过去式；be collected情态动词+被动原形。根据“Cans and bottles can…here.”可知，情态动词can后接动词原形，且“瓶子和易拉罐”与“收集”为被动关系，用 be collected符合语境。故选C。 5．句意：在他爸爸的帮助下，杰克开始在路上收集瓶子。 he主格；his形容词性物主代词；him宾格。根据“father”为名词，需用形容词性物主代词his修饰，故选B。 6．句意：令他们惊讶的是，他们在短时间内筹集了7500美元。 surprise名词；surprised形容词，人作主语；surprising形容词，物作主语。根据“To their ..., they raised $7,500 within a short time.”可知，这里是to one’s surprise“令某人惊讶的是”。故选A。 7．句意：从那以后，杰克的回收努力已经筹集了35万美元。 will raise一般将来时；has raised现在完成时；raised一般过去时。根据“Since then”可知，句子用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在。故选B。 8．句意：现在它通过收集200多万个瓶子和罐子，帮助了至少50个青年团体。 by通过(方式)；with和；用；for为了。根据“collecting more than 2 million bottles and cans”可知，这里表示帮助青年团体的方式，故选A。 9．句意：它表彰那些保护地球的孩子和青少年。 what不能引导定语从句；who指人，作主语；which指物。根据“It honors the kids and teens…protect the earth.”可知，此句为定语从句，先行词为the kids and teens，指人。根据先行词为人，关系词应用who，故选B。 10．句意：他相信越来越多的孩子会参与这项活动，让世界变得更好。 well原级；better比较级；best最高级。根据“make the world much…”可知，much修饰比较级，此处表示“比之前更好”应用比较级better，故选B。 2、 阅读理解 A The Longtaitou Festival, also known as the Eryue’er Festival, is a traditional Chinese festival. It always falls on the second day of the second lunar month. The name means “dragon raising its head”, carrying a sense of hope. In Chinese ancient farming culture, this festival holds great importance. People believe that after the Longtaitou Festival, the rain will gradually increase. It is said that on this day the dragon king who is in control of rain will wake up from hibernation (冬眠) and lift his head. It marks the start of the busy farming season. The celebration of the Longtaitou Festival is rich in traditions. One of the most well-known customs is getting a haircut. Many people believe that cutting their hair in the first lunar month will bring bad fortune. And having a haircut on the Longtaitou Festival can bring good luck and success all the year. In some areas, dumplings, spring rolls, wontons and popcorn are all given dragon names on this day. Noodles are called dragon’s beard or longxu. Dumplings are dragon’s ears or long’er. Spring rolls are dragon’s scales or longlin. Wontons are dragon’s eyes or longyan. And popcorn is called dragon’s seeds or longzi. It’s said that eating these foods can bring good luck. In ancient times, there were even more customs. People used to spread ashes (灰) in the kitchen, with the belief that it could lead the dragon into the house. This was done to ask for a harvest (丰收) with the help of the dragon. However, as time goes by, some of these ancient customs have gradually died out. The Longtaitou Festival still holds a special place in the hearts of Chinese people. It serves not only as a festival but also as a symbol of our traditional culture. It acts as a bridge, connecting us with our history. 11．What do people believe will happen after the Longtaitou Festival? A．The weather will gradually be fine. B．The temperature will gradually rise. C．The wind will gradually become strong. D．The rain will gradually increase. 12．What does the underlined word “fortune” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Luck. B．Health. C．Start. D．Look. 13．Why do people get a haircut at the Longtaitou Festival? A．Because they want to look good. B．Because it is a tradition passed down. C．Because they believe it can bring good luck D．Because it is the first haircut in the new year. 14．What has happened to some ancient customs of the Longtaitou Festival? A．They have become more popular. B．They have gradually died out. C．They have changed a little. D．They have started again. 15．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．B 【导语】本文介绍了中国传统节日龙抬头的由来、习俗及其文化意义。文章提到人们在该节日剪头发、吃特定食物等习俗的寓意，并指出部分古老习俗已逐渐消失。 11．细节理解题。根据第2段“People believe that after the Longtaitou Festival, the rain will gradually increase”可知，人们认为龙抬头节后雨水会逐渐增多。故选D。 12．词句猜测题。根据第3段“having a haircut…can bring good luck”的上下文对比（bad fortune与good luck对立），可推断fortune意为“运气”。故选A。 13．细节理解题。根据第3段“having a haircut on the Longtaitou Festival can bring good luck and success”可知，人们剪发是为了祈求好运。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第4段“some of these ancient customs have gradually died out”可知，部分古老习俗已逐渐消失。故选B。 15．篇章结构题。文章结构为“总—分—总”：首段引入节日，中间分述习俗与文化意义，末段总结节日价值。图片B的“总—分—总”结构与之匹配。故选B。 B In China, more and more adults are becoming overweight. In fact, 34.8% of adults are overweight and 14.1% are obese (肥胖的). The number of obese people is growing faster than the number of those who are just overweight. Experts say that each year there are 5.4% more obese adults in China. Zhang Zhongtao, who works at Beijing Friendship Hospital, said that obesity was causing big health and money problems around the world. It is now a serious public health problem in China. By the year of 2030, it is expected that China will spend about 22% of all its healthcare money on problems related to being overweight or obese. At a meeting, Zhang asked people to pay more attention to obesity and how to manage weight. He believes that the government and society do not focus enough on this problem. “We hope to work with public charities to give help to obese patients who need to lose weight medically but can’t pay for it.” he said. He also explained why people become overweight. It is mainly because they eat more energy than they run out of. In the north of China, people like to eat noodles, and in the south, they prefer rice. Both foods have carbohydrates (碳水化合物), but eating noodles can make you gain more weight. Climate (气候) also affects people in the north. Because it’s colder, they like to eat foods with more calories, like fried chicken and chocolate, to stay warm. Obesity is a common problem and can lead to other diseases. This is why it’s so important to prevent and control obesity to help build a “Healthy China”. 16．How does Paragraph 1 tell the seriousness of the overweight problem in China? A．By giving examples. B．By listing some numbers. C．By asking some questions. D．By comparing with other countries. 17．What reasons for being overweight are true according to the passage? ①Eating too much. ②The climate in the north. ③Suffering from a disease. ④Preferring noodles to rice. ⑤Eating too late. ⑥Being in a poor sleep. A．①③④ B．②④⑥ C．①②④ D．②③⑤ 18．What can we probably infer from the passage? A．there are 5.4% more obese children in China each year. B．Rice and fried chicken are good for keeping out of the cold completely. C．People have full understanding about the problems of being overweight. D．Overweight and obese problems may cover fewer than a quarter of China’s medical cost. 19．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 20．What is the passage mainly about? A．You are what you eat. B．How much you spend on losing weight. C．Rising obesity rates in China need attention. D．Overweight adults like to eat more food. 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．D 19．A 20．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国成年人超重和肥胖问题的严重性、原因及其对健康和经济的影响，并呼吁社会关注这一问题。 16．细节理解题。根据“In fact, 34.8% of adults are overweight and 14.1% are obese (肥胖的)…Experts say that each year there are 5.4% more obese adults in China.”可知，作者通过列举具体数据和增长率说明问题的严重性。故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据“It is mainly because they eat more energy than they run out of. In the north of China, people like to eat noodles, and in the south, they prefer rice. Both foods have carbohydrates (碳水化合物), but eating noodles can make you gain more weight. Climate (气候) also affects people in the north”可知，原因有： 吃得太多了、北方的气候以及比起米饭，更喜欢面条。故选C。 18．推理判断题。根据“By the year of 2030, it is expected that China will spend about 22% of all its healthcare money on problems related to being overweight or obese.”可推知，超重问题可能覆盖不到1/4的医疗成本。故选D。 19．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章第一段通过列举数字引出中国超重问题的严重性；第二、三、四段分别介绍了超重带来的问题、应对措施以及超重的原因；第五段总结全文。故选A。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文围绕中国肥胖率上升及其需要关注展开，C选项符合。故选C。 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式（每空一词）。 Volleyball is a popular sport in the world. The story 21 volleyball began over a century ago in the United States. In 1895, William G. Morgan, a P. E. teacher in Holyoke, Massachusetts, was looking for a new game that can make 22 (he) classes fun. With the goal in mind, Morgan got ideas from tennis, baseball, handball and so on. 23 (final), he invented volleyball. Over time, the game’s rules are different. At first, the game had no set number of players. There was also no limit (限制) on how many times to hit the ball 24 it passed over the net. Maybe the most important turning point in the history of the sport was the introduction of the “three hits” rule. This rule said teams could touch the ball three times before 25 (hit) it over the net. It made the game even 26 (hard). In the last few years, the sport has kept changing and coming up with new ideas. Different 27 (type) of the game appeared, such as beach volleyball. It made the sport even more popular. And volleyball was 28 (accept) as an Olympic sport in the 1964 Olympics. The history of volleyball is as exciting as the sport itself. Volleyball isn’t just a game. It’s a sport 29 has a rich history. It isn’t just about scoring points. It’s about the story of a game that 30 (bring) people together, on and off the court. 【答案】 21．of 22．his 23．Finally 24．before 25．hitting 26．harder 27．types 28．accepted 29．that/which 30．brings 【导语】本文讲述了排球运动的历史和发展。 21．句意：排球的故事始于一个多世纪前的美国。根据“The story...volleyball began over a century ago in the United States.”可知，此处表示“排球的故事”，“of”表示所属关系，“the story of volleyball”即“排球的故事”，故填of。 22．句意：1895年，马萨诸塞州霍利奥克的体育老师威廉·G·摩根正在寻找一种能让他的课堂变得有趣的新游戏。此处需要一个形容词性物主代词来修饰名词“classes”，“he”的形容词性物主代词是“his”，故填his。 23．句意：最后，他发明了排球。此处需要一个副词来修饰整个句子，“final”的副词形式是“finally”，表示“最后”，故填Finally。 24．句意：对于球过网之前可以击球多少次也没有限制。此处表示“在球过网之前”，“before”表示“在……之前”，引导时间状语从句，故填before。 25．句意：这条规则规定，球队在把球打过网之前可以触球三次。“before”是介词，后面接动词的动名词形式，“hit”的动名词是“hitting”，故填hitting。 26．句意：它使比赛更加困难。“even”表示“甚至，更”，后面接形容词的比较级，“hard”的比较级是“harder”，表示“更困难的”，故填harder。 27．句意：不同类型的排球出现了，比如沙滩排球。“different”表示“不同的”，后面接可数名词的复数形式，“type”的复数是“types”，故填types。 28．句意：排球在1964年奥运会上被接受为奥运项目。“volleyball”和“accept”之间是被动关系，即“排球被接受”，所以使用被动语态“be + 过去分词”，“accept”的过去分词是“accepted”，故填accepted。 29．句意：它是一项有着丰富历史的运动。根据“It’s a sport...has a rich history.”可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词是“a sport”，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词“that”或“which”，故填that/which。 30．句意：它是关于一项把人们在场上和场下聚集在一起的游戏的故事。此处是一个定语从句，先行词是“a game”，指物，在从句中作主语，且描述的是一般事实，所以用一般现在时，“that”指代“a game”，是第三人称单数，所以“bring”用第三人称单数形式“brings”，故填brings。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 An artist painted many pictures of great beauty. But he found that he had not yet painted a “real” picture. He began his trip to look 1 the most beautiful thing in the world. On the way, he met an old priest (牧师) who asked him 2 he was going. “I don’t know,” said the artist. “I want to 3 the most beautiful thing in the world. Perhaps you can tell me something about it,” “How easy!” the priest 4 . “In the church (教堂), you will find it—Faith (信仰) is the most beautiful thing in the world.” The 5 traveled on. Later, a young mother with a baby in her arms told him the most beautiful thing is “Love”. “Love” makes the world go round. 6 there is no love, there is no beauty. Still the artist 7 his trip. He asked a soldier the same question and his answer was “Peace”. He said, “War is ugly and wherever you find (a) 8 , you will find beauty, faith and love.” “But how can I paint 9 of them—Faith, Love and Peace?” He thought and thought. He was so 10 that without thinking where he was going, he had got to his own home. In the faces of his wife and children, he 11 Love and Faith. “We are thinking of you 12 ” said his wife. “We 13 you would come back to us safely.” The artist sat on his favorite old chair and 14 heart was at peace. The artist painted the most beautiful thing in the world and called it 15 . Do you agree with him? 1．A．for B．at C．up D．after 2．A．why B．where C．when D．how 3．A．have B．paint C．buy D．sell 4．A．replied B．asked C．promised D．wondered 5．A．wife B．child C．priest D．artist 6．A．Though B．If C．But D．Unless 7．A．came on B．went on C．got on D．put on 8．A．church B．mother C．painting D．peace 9．A．all B．any C．some D．both 10．A．sad B．quiet C．surprised D．angry 11．A．shared B．heard C．knew D．saw 12．A．all the time B．at one time C．in no time D．at that time 13．A．watched B．hoped C．remembered D．found 14．A．their B．its C．his D．her 15．A．Peace B．Faith C．Love D．Home 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文讲述了一位艺术家寻找世界上最美丽事物的旅程，最终在家中发现真正的美是家庭所代表的信仰、爱与和平。 1．句意：他开始了寻找世界上最美丽的东西的旅程。 for为了；at在；up向上；after在……后面。根据“the most beautiful thing in the world”可知，是寻找世界上最美丽的东西，look for“寻找”。故选A。 2．句意：在路上，他遇到了一位老牧师，老牧师问他要去哪里。 why为什么；where哪里；when什么时候；how如何。根据“he was going”可知，是问他要去哪里。故选B。 3．句意：我想画出世界上最美丽的东西。 have有；paint画；buy买；sell卖。根据“An artist painted many pictures of great beauty.”可知，画家想画出世界上最美丽的东西。故选B。 4．句意：“多么容易啊！”牧师回答说。 replied回答；asked问；promised承诺；wondered想知道。根据“‘How easy!’ the priest...”可知，是牧师回答画家的话。故选A。 5．句意：画家继续前行。 wife妻子；child孩子；priest牧师；artist画家。根据“He asked a soldier the same question”可知，是画家继续前行。故选D。 6．句意：如果没有爱，就没有美丽。 Though虽然；If如果；But但是；Unless除非。根据“there is no love, there is no beauty.”可知，没有爱就没有美丽，应用if引导条件状语从句。故选B。 7．句意：画家继续他的旅行。 came on出现；went on继续；got on上车；put on穿上。根据“his trip”可知，是继续旅行。故选B。 8．句意：战争是丑陋的，无论你在哪里找到和平，你都会找到美丽、信仰和爱。 church教堂；mother妈妈；painting画；peace和平。根据“War is ugly and wherever you find (a)...you will find beauty, faith and love.”可知，战争是丑陋的，和平会带来美丽、信仰和爱。故选D。 9．句意：但是我怎么能把它们都画出来呢——信仰、爱与和平？ all三者及以上都；any任何；some一些；both两者都。根据“Faith, Love and Peace”可知，是三者，应用all。故选A。 10．句意：他非常惊讶，以至于没有考虑自己要去哪里，就回到了自己的家。 sad伤心的；quiet安静的；surprised惊讶的；angry生气的。根据“He thought and thought. He was so...that without thinking where he was going, he had got to his own home.”可知，画家一直在思考，以至于没有考虑自己要去哪里，就回到了家，说明他很惊讶。故选C。 11．句意：在妻子和孩子的脸上，他看到了爱和信仰。 shared分享；heard听到；knew知道；saw看见。根据“In the faces of his wife and children, he...Love and Faith.”可知，是在妻子和孩子的脸上看到了爱和信仰。故选D。 12．句意：“我们一直在想你，”他的妻子说。 all the time一直；at one time曾经；in no time立刻；at that time在那时。根据“We are thinking of you...”可知，妻子说一直在想他。故选A。 13．句意：我们希望你能平安归来。 watched观看；hoped希望；remembered记得；found发现。根据“you would come back to us safely.”可知，是希望他平安归来。故选B。 14．句意：画家坐在他最喜欢的旧椅子上，他的心平静了下来。 their他们的；its它的；his他的；her她的。根据“The artist sat on his favorite old chair and...heart was at peace.”可知，是画家的心平静了下来，应用his。故选C。 15．句意：画家画出了世界上最美丽的东西，并称之为“家”。 Peace和平；Faith信仰；Love爱；Home家。根据“he had got to his own home”以及全文内容可知，画家最后意识到家才是世界上最美丽的东西。故选D。 二、选词填空 （一） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。(每空限填一词，每词限用一次) good    have    difficult    join    who Nowadays, museums have become must-visit places. However, the tickets are often 16 to get. For example, over 600,000 people try to book the tickets to the Shaanxi History Museum online every day, but only 12,000 visitors can enter. Luckily, the Shanhai App gives another choice to those 17 can’t get museum tickets. It brings tens of thousands of cultural artifacts (文物) from around the world to a digital platform. With it, users can see 3 D pictures of them and learn about their history on their phones. The app supports six languages. It even 18 an online community where people can discuss art and history with experts. Over 30 museums, like the Hunan Museum and the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, have 19 the platform. Looking ahead, the app plans to digitize cultural artifacts from museums across China. It hopes to help people all over the world get a much 20 understanding of China’s cultural treasures. 【答案】16．difficult 17．who 18．has 19．joined 20．better 【导语】本文介绍了一款名为“Shanhai”的应用程序如何通过数字化手段解决博物馆门票难求的问题，并促进全球用户对中国及世界文化宝藏的了解和交流。 16．句意：然而，门票常常很难买到。根据“the tickets are often...to get”和备选词可知，票很难买，difficult“困难的”，be difficult to do sth. 表示“做某事困难”。故填difficult。 17．句意：幸运的是，山海APP给了那些买不到博物馆门票的人另一种选择。根据“those...can’t get museum tickets”和备选词可知，本句是定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词是那些人，用who引导。故填who。 18．句意：它甚至有一个在线社区，人们可以在那里与专家讨论艺术和历史。根据“It even...an online community”和备选词可知，这个软件有一个在线社区，have“有”，主语是第三人称单数，一般现在时中谓语动词用第三人称单数形式has。故填has。 19．句意：超过30家博物馆，比如湖南省博物馆和旧金山亚洲艺术博物馆，已经加入了这个平台。根据“have...the platform”和备选词可知，超过30家博物馆已经加入了这个平台，join“加入”，“have + 过去分词”构成现在完成时，join的过去分词是joined。故填joined。 20．句意：它希望帮助全世界的人更好地了解中国的文化宝藏。根据“get a much...understanding”和备选词可知，这个程序希望全世界的人更好地了解中国的文化宝藏，空格处缺少比较级，good“好的”，good的比较级是better。故填better。 （二） 请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确，意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。 invent  call  on  since  that  million  aim  difficult  bright  what  they  people In January 2025, an app 21 DeepSeek has caught a lot of attention all over the world, which shows that China has made great progress in technology. 22 of people are excited and amazed by its success. DeepSeek, a Chinese company, focuses 23 artificial intelligence (AI). 24 it was set up in 2023, it has become a leader in the field of AI. The company 25 to solve difficult problems through advanced technology. For example, its team has created smart systems to help students improve 26 learning. In 2024, it developed a new AI tool 27 can translate languages in a very short time. This 28 has brought great convenience to people around the world. All in all, DeepSeek plays an important role in changing the AI world now. It makes 29 life more convenient. What’s more, many teenagers are also inspired to learn about AI. “Let’s learn to be more creative and build a 30 future.”, said a student. 【答案】 21．called 22．Millions 23．on 24．Since 25．aims 26．their 27．that 28．invention 29．people’s 30．brighter 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国公司DeepSeek开发的一款名为DeepSeek的应用程序。自2023年成立以来，该公司专注于人工智能领域，旨在通过先进技术解决难题，开发出了能帮助学生学习、快速翻译语言等智能工具，给人们生活带来便利，在改变人工智能世界中发挥着重要作用，还激励着青少年积极探索人工智能，共同创造更美好的未来。 21．句意：2025年1月，一款名为DeepSeek的应用程序在全球引起了广泛关注，这表明中国在技术方面取得了巨大进步。根据“an app...DeepSeek”可知，此处是在介绍一款名为DeepSeek的应用程序，应用程序是被叫做这个名字，用过去分词called作后置定语，修饰名词app，表示“被叫做……的”。故填called。 22．句意：数百万人对它的成功感到兴奋和惊叹。根据“...of people are excited and amazed by its success.”可知，这里表示数量众多的人，“millions of”是固定短语，意为“数百万的”，用来形容数量很多。故填Millions。 23．句意：DeepSeek，一家中国公司，专注于人工智能（AI）。根据“DeepSeek, a Chinese company, focuses...artificial intelligence（AI）”可知，“focus on”是固定短语，意为“专注于，致力于”。故填on。 24．句意：自2023年成立以来，它已成为人工智能领域的领导者。根据“...it was set up in 2023, it has become a leader in the field of Al.”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，这里需要一个表示时间的连词，引导时间状语从句，表示从过去某个时间点一直持续到现在的时间段，since“自从”符合语境，引导时间状语从句时，主句常用现在完成时。故填Since。 25．句意：该公司旨在通过先进的技术解决难题。根据“The company...to solve difficult problems through advanced technology.”可知，这里缺少谓语动词，结合备选词，aim“旨在，目标是”符合语境，主语The company是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式aims。故填aims。 26．句意：例如，它的团队创建了智能系统来帮助学生提高他们的学习。根据“its team has created smart systems to help students improve...learning”可知，这里需要一个形容词性物主代词来修饰名词learning，表示所属关系，即“学生们的学习”，students是复数，用their“他们的”。故填their。 27．句意：2024年，它开发了一种新的人工智能工具，这种工具可以在很短的时间内翻译语言。根据“it developed a new Al tool...can translate languages in a very short time.”可知，这里是一个定语从句，先行词是tool，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that引导定语从句。故填that。 28．句意：这项发明给世界各地的人们带来了极大的便利。根据“This...has brought great convenience to people around the world.”可知，这里说的是前面提到的人工智能工具这个发明，invent是动词“发明”，这里需要名词形式invention“发明物”。故填invention。 29．句意：它使人们的生活更加便利。根据“It makes...life more convenient.”可知，这里需要一个名词所有格来修饰名词life，表示所属关系，即“人们的生活”，people的所有格形式是people’s。故填people’s。 30．句意：“让我们学会更有创造力，建设一个更光明的未来。” 一名学生说。根据“Let’s learn to be more creative and build a...future.”可知，这里有和现在对比的含义，结合备选词，bright“光明的”，其比较级brighter“更光明的”，表示更美好的未来。故填brighter。 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 1、 单项选择 1．（2025·西藏·中考真题）The story ________ my grandfather told me about Qian Xuesen is touching. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我祖父告诉我的关于钱学森的故事很感人。考查定语从句关系代词。who指代人，在句中作主语；whom指代人，在句中作宾语；whose表示所属关系，在句中作定语；which指代事物，在句中作主语或宾语。根据“The story... mygrand father told me about Qian Xuesen...”可知，先行词是“story”故事，指代事物，且从句中缺少宾语，故选D。 2．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）Mr. Smith has just given us a speech ________ was about developing reading skills. A．which B．what C．whom D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：史密斯先生刚刚给我们做了一个关于培养阅读技巧的演讲。考查定语从句。which哪一个，指代物；what什么，不引导定语从句；whom谁，宾格，指代人；who谁，主格，指代人。先行词speech指物，因此选择关系代词which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代speech。故选A。 3．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）Chengdu is a city in China ________ has two airports because of the opening of Chengdu Tianfu International Airport. A．where B．who C．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：由于成都天府国际机场的开放，成都是中国一个有两个机场的城市。考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是a city，关系词在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句。故选C。 4．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）The high-technology clothes ________ the players wore helped them perform better in the 9th Asian Winter Games. A．that B．who C．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：运动员穿的高科技服装帮助他们在第九届亚冬会上表现更好。考查定语从句的引导词。that无实义，引导定语从句，先行词指物或人；who谁，引导定语从句，先行词指人；what什么，引导宾语从句。根据“The high-technology clothes…the players wore”可知原句是定语从句，且先行词是物，应用that引导。故选A。 5．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—Did you watch the most exciting dance ________ was performed by robots during the Spring Festival Gala of the Year of the Snake? —Yes, it was amazing. A．which B．that C．who 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你看过蛇年春节联欢晚会上机器人表演的最激动人心的舞蹈吗？——是的，它太棒了。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是dance，且先行词有最高级修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句。故选B。 6．（2025·四川成都·中考真题）It’s hard to say goodbye to the teachers ________ have spent the past three years with us. A．which B．who C．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：和那些过去三年与我们共度时光的老师们告别很难。考查定语从句关系代词的用法。which先行词指物；who先行词指人；what不引导定语从句。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词teachers，指人，需用关系代词who引导。故选B。 7．（2025·四川达州·中考真题）—What kind of music do you like? —I like music ________ I can dance to. When I hear the songs, I’m full of energy. A．what B．why C．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么类型的音乐？——我喜欢能跟着跳舞的音乐。当我听到这些歌时，我就充满能量。考查定语从句的关系词。what不引导定语从句； why引导定语从句时，在句中作状语，先行词是the reason；that引导定语从句时，在句中作主语或宾语，先行词是物或人。根据“I like music...I can dance to.”可知，空格处为定语从句的引导词，从句缺宾语，先行词music为物，故应用关系代词that。故选C。 8．（2025·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kinds of after-school activities do you like? —I like those activities ________ are about P.E. and art. A．who B．whom C．which D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么样的课外活动？——我喜欢那些关于体育和艺术的活动。考查定语从句关系词。who谁，引导定语从句时，在句中作主语或宾语，先行词指人；whom谁，引导定语从句时，在句中作宾语，先行词指人；which哪一个，引导定语从句时，在句中作主语或宾语，先行词指物；/不填。根据“activities ...are about P. E. and art”可知，先行词“activities”是物，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导定语从句，故选C。 9．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those ________ grow up in the right family, while others believe that success mostly comes down to hard work. A．who B．whose C．which D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：有些人认为成功只属于那些有天赋的人或那些成长在合适的家庭的人，而另一些人则认为成功主要取决于努力工作。考查定语从句。who先行词是人，在句中作主语/宾语；whose谁的；which先行词是物，在句中作主语/宾语；whom先行词是人，在句中作宾语。本句是定语从句，先行词是those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who。故选A。 10．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people hope. A．whom B．who C．which D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在困难时期，总是会有挺身而出、给人们带来希望的国家英雄。 考查定语从句的关系词。whom先行词为人，在从句中充当宾语；who先行词为人，在从句中充当主语；which先行词为物；whose先行词为人，在从句中充当定语。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词heroes，是人；根据先行词在从句中充当主语，所以用who引导。故选B。 11．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Although my grandfather is over 90 years old, he still remembers the people ________ he met when he was young. A．who B．when C．where D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：虽然我的祖父已经90多岁了，但他仍然记得他年轻时遇到的那些人。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词是“the people”，从句中缺少主语，指人，应用who引导定语从句。故选A。 12．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance performance ________ is quite popular these days. A．who B．which C．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“科目三”是最近很受欢迎的引人注目的舞蹈表演。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词dance performance指物，在从句中作主语，关系词用which，故选B。 13．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike ________ can fly in the sky. A．where B．when C．which D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：作为一个科学爱好者，我希望我能发明一辆能在空中飞行的自行车。考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是a bike，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句。故选C。 14．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—I’ll never forget the experiences ______ we had in the volunteer work last summer. —Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun. A．when B．who C．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我永远不会忘记去年夏天我们在志愿者工作中的经历。——我也是。这三天是有意义的，充满了乐趣。考查定语从句。when先行词为时间，在从句中作状语；who先行词为人，在从句中作主语/宾语；that先行词为人/物。根据“experiences”可知，先行词为物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，用that引导。故选C。 15．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—I feel so nervous. What should I do? —You’d better listen to music that ________. A．helps you relax B．you can dance C．makes you sad 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我感到很紧张，我该怎么办？——你最好听听能帮助你放松的音乐。考查定语从句和情景交际。helps you relax帮你放松；you can dance你能跳舞；makes you sad让你伤心。分析句子可知，that后是定语从句，修饰名词music，B项语法上错误，应是you can dance to；结合“I feel so nervous, what should I do?”可知，空处给出的建议应是帮助对方消除紧张，所以A项符合语境，故选A。 16．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ can help you when you are in trouble. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：真正的朋友是在你困难的时候能帮助你的人。考查定语从句引导词。who指人，在句中作主语/宾语；whom指人，在句中作宾语；whose在句中作定语；which在句中指物。空格所在句为定语从句，修饰名词person，指人，并且在句中作主语，用引导词who。故选A。 17．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Linda prefers musicians who ________ different kinds of music. A．play B．plays C．was playing D．is playing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：琳达更喜欢能演奏不同种类音乐的音乐家。考查动词时态。根据“Linda prefers musicians who…”可知，时态为一般现在时；关系代词who代替先行词musicians，在从句中作主语，谓语动词应使用动词原形。故选A。 18．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the movies ________ make me feel happy and relaxed. A．what B．which C．who D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你最喜欢哪种电影？——我喜欢那些让我感到快乐和放松的电影。考查定语从句。what什么，不引导定语从句；which引导定语从句，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who谁，引导定语从句，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子可知，此处是含定语从句的复合句，先行词the movies指物，且连接词在从句中作主语，应用which引导，且不可省略。故选B。 19．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ will always be there to share your laughter and tears. A．what B．which C．who D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】句意：真正的朋友是一个永远会与你分享欢笑和泪水的人。考查定语从句。what什么，不引导定语从句；which哪一个，先行词指物；who谁，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom谁，先行词指人，在从句中作宾语。分析句子可知，此处是含定语从句的复合句，先行词a person指人，且连接词在从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句。故选C。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $