Unit 4 Natural Disasters 重点词汇及短语 清单-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

Book 1 Unit 4 Words learning 1.slide vi. & vt. (slid, slid ) (使 ）滑行；滑动slide into（使）滑入; 溜进 2.flood n. 洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 flood in/into 大量涌入 be flooded with… 挤满，充满… a flood of 大量的 3.rescue (v./n.)救援—rescuer (n.)救援者 rescue…from…把…从…中解救出来come to one’s rescue来营救某人rescue workers救援人员 4.damage vt.损害;破坏　n.损害;损失 damaged adj.受损坏的 cause/do damage (to)=do harm to=be harmful to=be bad for (对……)造成损害 damage one’s health 损害某人的健康 be badly/seriously damaged遭受严重损害 5.destroy (v.)摧毁，毁灭—destruction (n.) 摧毁，毁灭—destructive (adj.)毁灭性的 6. death n.死亡→dead adj. 无生命的→ die vi. 死亡→ dying adj. 垂死的→ deadly adj.致命的 be frightened/ scared to death 怕得要死be sentenced to death 被判处死刑a deadly disease 一种致命的疾病 7.affect vt．影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动→effect n．效果；影响→effective adj．有效的 →affection n.喜欢；喜爱；感情be affected by 受到……的影响be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深打动 8.effect (n.)影响，结果，效果—effective (adj.)有效的—effectively (adv.) 有效地—effectiveness (n.) 有效性—ineffective (adj.)无效的 in effect=in fact=in truth=as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上have an effect/influence/impact on 对…有影响come into effect/use 开始实施，生效 side effect 副作用 9.shelter (n.)避难所；(v.) 保护，掩蔽, 躲避—sheltered (adj.) 有遮蔽物的，受庇护的(n.) under the shelter of…在…的庇护下(v.) shelter sb/sth from保护某人/某物免受… 10.as if 似乎，好像，仿佛=as though [区分] even if=even though即使，尽管 11.ruin (v./n.)毁坏—ruined (adj)毁坏be/lie in ruins成为废墟;毁灭ruin sth./sb.毁坏某物/某人 reduce...to ruins 使……成为废墟ruin one’s health/fame/future毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途 12. shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 v．（使）震惊→shocking adj．令人震惊的→shocked adj．感到震惊的in shock 震惊，吃惊 to one’s shock令人震惊culture shock 文化冲击 be shocked at/by sth 对某事感到震惊be shocked to do震惊地做某事 [近]使吃惊(Vt.)：surprise/amaze/astonish 13.electricity(n.) 电，电能—electrical (a.) 与电有关的—electronic(a.) 电子的 14.be trapped in… 被困在…中trap sb into (doing) sth 诱骗某人做某事fall into a trap 落入圈套/陷阱 15.bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面bury oneself in =be buried in 专心致志 16.breathe (v.)-breath (n.)-breathless (a.)气喘吁吁的hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 out of breath 气喘吁吁地,take a deep breath=breathe deeply 深呼吸 breathe in吸入（气体） breathe out 呼出（气体） 17.revive(v.)复活，使苏醒—revival(相似变形：remove-removal; approve-approval; disapprove-disapproval; survive-survival; arrive-arrival) 18.effort (n.) 努力；尽力—effortlessly轻松地，毫不费力地；make an effort to do sth.努力做某事spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事with great effort 努力地 20.wisdom n．智慧；才智→wise adj明智的→unwise adj不明智的 (相似变形：free-freedom bore-boredom king-kingdom) 21.suffer(v)遭受—suffering(n)疼痛—sufferer(n)受难者 suffer pain/a defeat/losses/damage/punishment 遭受痛苦 /失败/损失/损害/惩罚 suffer from… 因…而遭受损失/痛苦 22. erupt vi．＆vt．（火山）爆发；→eruption n．喷发 volcanic eruption火山爆发 erupt / break into laughter/tears 突然大笑/大哭 break out laughing/crying突然大笑/大哭 23.supply (v./n.)供应—supplies (pl.) 补给品 (v.) supply sb with sth/ supply sth to sb向某人供应某物=offer sb sth=offer sth to sb=provide sth for sb=provie sb with sth in short supply 供不应求 24. survive (v.)生存，幸存；—survival (n.)幸存—survivor (n.)幸存者 survive sth.幸免于;从……中挺过来/活下来survive the disaster/war 在灾难/战争中幸存下来survive on sth 靠…活下来 survive from 从......幸存下来 25. power电力供应，能力，力量—powerful adj.强大的—powerless adj.无力的，没有力量的 come to power 上台执政(动作） be in power 执政(状态） 26.calm (adj.)—calmly (adv.)—calmness (n.) calm (sb) down 使某人平静下来stay/keep/remain calm 保持镇静 26. aid n. 援助；帮助 (v.) 帮助；援助=help=assistant with the aid of... 在......的帮助下 first aid 急救 come to one’s aid 帮助某人 aid sb (in)doing sth在某方面帮助某人 27.on hand现有（尤指帮助） by hand用手工at hand在手边，即将发生 in hand在手头，在处理中on the one hand…, on the other hand…一方面,另一方面 hand in提交，上交 hand out 分发 28.sweep-swept-swept sweep away 消灭，彻底消除 sweep over 席卷，情绪等涌上心头 29.wave to/at sb 向某人挥手 a wave of=a surge of=a ripple of=a sense of 30. strike vt.& vi.(struck,struck/stricken) 侵袭;突击;击打　n.罢工;罢课;袭击—striking 显著的；引人瞩目的strike...into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心go on strike 举行罢工be on strike 在罢工it strikes (struck)/hits (hit)/occurs to (occurred to) / dawns on (dawned on) sb.that... 某人突然想起…… 31.deliver vi.& vt.递送;传达　vt.发表—delivery n.投递 deliver sth.to sb.给某人送某物 deliver a speech/lecture 演讲/讲课 32.summarize (v.) —summary (n.)总结in summary 总的来说 33.length n．长；长度→long adj．长的→lengthen v．（使）变长 wide→width→widen high→height →heighten deep→depth→deepen 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $