专题01 选择性必修第一册Unit1～3 重点单词短语句型&写作通用表达（期末复习知识清单）高二英语上学期北师大版

专题01 选择性必修第一册Unit 1-3词汇短语句型梳理 1. humour n. 幽默感→humorous adj. 幽默的 2. passionate adj. 热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的→passionately adv. 强烈地；热情地→passion n. 热衷的爱好，酷爱；激情※ 3. incredible adj. 极好的；难以置信的→incredibly adv. 难以置信地；很，极其→incredibility n. 难以置信；不可信的事物 4. emotional adj. 激起感情的；情感上的→emotion n. 情感；情绪→emotionally adv. 感情上，情绪上；情绪冲动地 5. practical adj. 实际的；实践的；切实可行的→practice n. 实践，惯例，常规 vt. & vi. 练习；施行；从事 6. presentation n. 报告，陈述，说明→present vt. 颁发；赠送；正式介绍；陈述；展现※ 7. conduct n. 行为，举止→conduct vi. & vt. 表现；表现得体 8. access n. 进入；接触的机会→accessible adj. 易懂的；易得到的；可接近的 9. preference n. 偏爱，偏好→prefer vt. 较喜欢 10. ashamed adj. 羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的→shame n. 羞耻，羞愧，惭愧；让人遗憾的事 11. intend n. 意图，目的；打算→intend vi. & vt. 打算；计划；想要 12. effective adj. 有效的→effectively adv. 有效地→effect n. 影响；结果；效果※ 13. depressed adj. 沮丧的，忧愁的→depress vt. 使抑郁；使沮丧→depression n. 抑郁症；抑郁；沮丧※ 14. organize vt. 组织，筹划→organization n. 组织；团体；机构→organizer n. 组织者→organized adj. 有组织的；有条理的 15. innovation n. 革新，创新→innovate vt. & vi. 创新；改革→innovator n. 革新者；创新者→innovative adj. 革新的；创新的※ 16. competitor n. 选手，参赛者→compete vi. 竞争；比赛→competition n. 竞争；比赛→competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的※ 17. clarity n. 清楚，清晰→clarify vt. 阐明，澄清；净化 18. development n. 发展，变化→develop n. & vi. 进步；进展 19. firm adj. 坚定的，坚决的→firmness n. 决心，果断，坚定→determine vi. & vt. 决定；判决；裁定；使决定，使下决心 20. committed adj. 坚定的；尽心尽力的→commit vi. & vt. 使致力于；押往；犯罪→commitment n. 承诺，许诺；已承诺的事；献身，奉献，投入※ 21. enthusiastic adj. 热心的，热衷的→enthusiastically adv. 热心地；满腔热情地→enthusiasm n. 热情，热忱；热衷的事物※ 22. ambitious adj. 有抱负的，有雄心的→ambition n. 野心；雄心；抱负；夙愿 23. appreciative adj. 感激的→appreciate vt. 欣赏；赏识→appreciation n. 欣赏；感激※ 24. cooperation n. 合作，协作→cooperate vi. 合作，协作；配合→cooperative adj. 合作的；协助的 25. influential adj. 有影响力的→influence vt. 影响 n. 影响力；有影响力的人或事物 26. devoted vt. 把…… 奉献给；专心致力于→devotion adj. 忠诚的，挚爱的→devotion n. 关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚，热心 27. convince vt. 说服；使确信→convinced adj. 确信的；有坚定信仰的→convincing adj. 令人信服的，有说服力的※ 28. length n. 长度→long adj. 长的→lengthen vt. 使变长 29. recognised adj. 公认的；经过检验的→recognised vt. 认可；承认；辨认出→recognition n. 认识；认可；承认；赏识 30. contribute vi. & vt. 增进；捐献；促成→contribution n. 捐款；贡献；捐助之物；投稿→contributor n. 捐赠者；贡献者；捐款人；投稿人※ 31. destroy vt. 破坏；毁掉→destruction n. 摧毁；毁灭→destroyer n. 破坏者；毁灭者 32. recycle vi. & vt. 再利用，回收利用→recyclable adj. 可回收利用的→non-recyclable adj. 不可回收的 33. informative adj. 有教育意义的；知识性强的→inform vt. 通知；告知→informed adj. 见多识广的→information n. 信息 34. threat n. 威胁；灾难等坏事发生的可能→threaten vt. 威胁；恐吓→threatened adj. 受到威胁的 35. illegally adv. 非法地，违法地→illegal adj. 非法的→legal adj. 合法的→legally adv. 合法地※ 36. diverse adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的→diversify vt. & vi. 变化；不同→diversified adj. 各种不同的；多姿多彩的→diversity n. 不同种类；变化※ 37. consumer n. 消费者→consume vt. 消费；消耗→consumption n. 消耗；消费 38. wasteful adj. 浪费的；挥霍的→waste vt. 浪费 39. real adj. 现实的，实际的→realistic adj. 实际的；真实的；真的→realistically adv. 实际上，事实上；真正地→realize vt. 实现；认识到※ 40. innovative adj. 新颖的，创新的，革新的→innovate vi. 创新；改革 vt. & vi. 创新；改革→innovation n. 创新；改革※ 41. collection n. 收集；收藏品；专辑→collect vt. 收集；收藏 42. anxious adj. 焦虑的，不安的→anxiously adv. 焦急地；忧虑地→anxiety n. 焦虑；忧虑；渴望※ 43. annoyed adj. 烦恼的，生气的→annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气；使心烦→annoying adj. 使烦恼的；使生气的 44. chemical n. 化学品 adj. 化学的→chemistry n. 化学；化学成分→chemist n. 化学家；药剂师※ 45. historic adj. 古老的；历史上重要的→historical adj. 历史的；史学的→historically adv. 关于历史事件，从历史观点上说→history n. 历史；历史学 46. agricultural adj. 农业的→agriculture n. 农业；农艺；农学 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) 1. trait n. 特性，品质 2. outgoing adj. 外向的，好交际的 3. grateful adj. 感激的，感谢的 4. worthwhile adj. 值得做的；重要的；有益的 5. handle vt. 处理难题；应付局面 6. upset adj. 烦恼的，心烦意乱的；vt. 使生气，使心烦意乱 7. raise vt. 提出，提起 8. highlight vt. 标出；突出显示 9. manner n. 方式，方法 10. deadline n. 截止日期，最后期限 11. desperate adj. 拼命的；绝望的 12. postpone/delay vi. & vt. 推迟，延期 13. extraordinary adj. 令人惊奇的，异乎寻常的 14. representative n. 代表…… 15. principle n. 原则；行为准则 16. contrast n. 差异，差别；vt. 形成对比 17. optimistic adj. 乐观的，乐观主义的 18. career n. 职业，事业 19. symbol n. 象征，标志 20. dormitory n. 寝室，学生宿舍 21. furniture n. 家具 22. minimum n. 最少量；最小数；最低限度 23. championship n. 冠军称号，冠军地位 24. contract n. 合同；契约 25. ruin vt. 毁掉，糟蹋，毁坏 26. element n. 基本部分；要素 27. enormous adj. 巨大的，庞大的 28. stage/platform n. 舞台；月台 29. outstanding adj. 杰出的，优秀的 30. average adj. 平庸的，普通的；n. 平均水平；平均数 31. style n. 方式，特点 32. leadership n. 领导；领导地位 33. forward/forwards adv. 向前；倒；倒塌 34. collapse vi. 突然倒下；倒塌 35. income n. 收入；收益 36. plastic adj. 塑料制的 37. item n. 一项，一条 38. switch vi. & vt. 转换，改变 39. species n. 物种，种 40. decrease n. 减少；减少的量 vi. & vt. 减少 41. blame vt. 责怪，指责 42. affect n. 影响 43. hatch vt. & vi. (使) 孵化 44. restore vt. (使) 恢复 45. packaging n. 包装盒 (瓶、袋)，包装材料 46. council n. 委员会；理事会 47. decade n. 十年，十年期 48. cancer n. 癌症 49. essay n. 论说文；散文 50. institute n. 机构；研究院 51. opponent n. 反对者；对手，敌手 52. instance n. 例子，实例 53. claim vt. 声称；断言；主张 54. committee n. 委员会 55. temple n. 庙宇，寺院 56. carve vt. 雕，刻 57. valley n. 谷，山谷 58. thunderstorm n. 雷暴 ( 清单清清单 0301 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) 词词类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) 学科网北京股份有限公1 / 7 学科网北京股份有限公司 学科网北京股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. pass away 去世；不复存在；消失 2. hold up 举起，支撑 3. rely on 依赖，依靠 4. stand by 袖手旁观；支持 5. at the moment of 在…… 的时刻 6. add up to 总计为，合计为 7. for the first time 初次，第一次 8. used to 过去经常，曾经 9. point out 指出 10. in other words 换句话说 11. to be honest 老实说 12. get used to 习惯于 13. check out 检查；核对 14. associate with sb. 与某人交往 15. be overconcerned about 对…… 过分担心 16. scroll through 滚动浏览 17. go on and on 喋喋不休 18. come to an abrupt stop 突然停止 19. on behalf of sb. 代表某人 20. be responsible for 对…… 负责 21. take up 占据 22. belong to 是…… 的成员；属于 23. adapt to 适应 24. conform to 服从；遵守；赞同；支持 25. result in 导致；通向 26. play a role in 在…… 起作用 27. build up 建立；增强 28. give in to 屈服于…… 29. on the other hand 另一方面 30. take action采取行动 / 措施 31. contrast with 和…… 对比 32. devote oneself to 致力于 33. put forward 提出 34. make sense 有意义；解释得通 35. deal with/cope with 处理；对待 36. 37. make up 凭空想象出，虚构出 38. donate to 捐赠 39. get ahead 发迹；出人头地 40. drop out 退出，脱离；辍学 41. contribute to 有助于 42. commit oneself to 致力于 43. focus on/ concentrate on 专注于 44. boil down to 归结为；要点是 45. stay at home 待在家里 46. strive for 努力；专心致志于某事 47. make sb./sth. stand out 使…… 与众不同 48. play a role in 起某种作用 49. do one's duty 尽自己的职责 50. die out消失；绝迹，灭绝 51. wipe out 彻底毁灭 52. be responsible (for sth.) 对某事负有责任 53. be in danger/be under threat 处境危险，受到威胁 54. set about 开始，着手 55. be worried about 焦虑的 56. be associated with 与…… 有关联 57. for instance 例如 58. sum up 概括，总结 ( 清单 04 高频句型 ( 精彩句型，句句精彩 ) ) 1. 同位语从句 I had no idea what the true meaning of success was, and I didn't really want to find out, either! 我不知道成功的真正含义是什么，而且我也不想去弄明白！ 2. if only + 虚拟语气 Sometimes I think, if only I could devote more time to my career and ask for his advice! 有时我想，要是我能把更多时间投入到事业中并征求他的建议就好了！ 3. 名词短语作连词引导时间状语从句 The first time he attended the meeting, he was holding a notebook in his hand and looked nervous... 第一次参加这场会议时，他手里拿着笔记本，一副紧张的样子…… 4. wish 后的从句使用虚拟语气 I really wish she were more optimistic and less upset about the result. 我真的希望她能更乐观一点，不要对结果这么心烦意乱。 5. 否定副词置于句首引起部分倒装 Never did she raise her hand to answer the question in the class. 她在课堂上从未举手回答过问题。 6. what 引导主语从句 What really matters is that no one, including me, can ignore the importance of cooperation. 令人真正在意的是，我认识的每个人，包括我自己，都不能忽视合作的重要性。 7. 动名词短语作主语 Becoming an outstanding professional is a symbol of achievement and they set this as their lifelong goal. 成为一名优秀的专业人才是成就的象征，他们把这作为终身目标。 8. not...but... Success is not measured by how many awards you get but by how you contribute to society. 成功不是用你获得多少奖项来衡量的，而是用你对社会的贡献来衡量的。 9. 祈使句 + and + 陈述句 Follow these five principles and you will achieve your dream! 遵循这五条原则，你就会实现梦想！ 10. without 引起含蓄虚拟语气 Without natural resources, we would have no materials to develop industry... 没有自然资源，我们就没有发展工业的原料…… 11. while 作并列连词，表对比 Up to 50 people can work in one office, while the same number will need at least 10 separate rooms. 一间办公室可以容纳 50 人办公，而如果是单独房间，这些人至少需要 10 间。 12. with 复合结构 Pollution has been getting worse everywhere too, with more waste water pouring into the river in Asia and Africa. 各地的污染也越来越严重，越来越多的废水涌入亚洲和非洲的河流中。 ( 清单 05 核心文体写作 ( 通用表达，范文背诵 ) ) （一）邀请信（适配Unit 1 Relationships） 1. 写作框架 开头：表明邀请目的+活动基本信息（时间/地点） 中间：说明活动内容+参与意义 结尾：表达期待+请求回复 2. 通用模板 I'm writing to sincerely invite you to take part in [活动名称] which will be held on [时间] at [地点]. The activity is mainly to [活动目的，如improve our communication skills/strengthen mutual understanding]. During the activity, we will have [具体环节，如group discussions/story-sharing sessions], which can help us [活动意义，如get along better with each other/learn more from each other]. I really hope you can join us. Please let me know your decision as soon as possible. Looking forward to your reply. 3. 范文背诵 Dear Li Hua, I'm writing to sincerely invite you to take part in the "Heart-to-Heart Talk" activity which will be held on next Sunday morning at the school lecture hall. The activity is mainly to improve our communication skills with family and friends. During the activity, we will have group discussions about how to express our feelings bravely and story-sharing sessions where everyone can talk about their warm relationship stories, which can help us get along better with each other and cherish the people around us. I really hope you can join us. Please let me know your decision as soon as possible. Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Zhang Wei （二）人物传记（适配Unit 2 Success） 1. 写作框架 开头：人物身份+核心品质总述 中间：关键经历+主要成就+品质体现 结尾：人物评价+启示感悟 2. 通用模板 [人物姓名] is an outstanding [身份，如scientist/athlete/educator] who is widely respected for his/her [核心品质，如persistence and devotion]. In his/her life, he/she once [过往经历，如faced great difficulties but never gave up]. He/She devoted much time to [专注领域], and finally [主要成就，如made great contributions to.../achieved his/her goals successfully]. Besides, he/she always [品质细节，如helps others selflessly/sticks to his/her dreams]. [人物姓名] sets a good example for us. His/Her story tells us that [启示，如success comes from hard work and determination]. We should learn from his/her spirit. 3.范文背诵 Yuan Longping is an outstanding agricultural scientist who is widely respected for his persistence and devotion to fighting hunger. In his life, he once faced countless failures in hybrid rice research but never gave up. He devoted nearly his whole life to the research and development of hybrid rice, and finally developed high-yield hybrid rice varieties that have helped feed millions of people around the world. Besides, he always kept a simple life and cared about farmers' lives selflessly. Yuan Longping sets a good example for us. His story tells us that success comes from hard work and a heart that cares about others. We should learn from his spirit of pursuing dreams and contributing to society. （三）正反观点议论文（适配Unit 3 Conservation） 1. 写作框架 开头：引出话题+表明不同观点存在 中间：分述正反观点+各自理由 结尾：个人观点+具体建议 2. 通用模板 Nowadays, there is a hot discussion about [话题，如environmental protection/saving natural resources]. People hold different opinions on this issue. Some people think that [正面观点], because they believe [理由1，如it can benefit future generations/maintain ecological balance]. However, others argue that [反面观点], for [理由2，如it may affect economic development/bring inconvenience to life]. In my opinion, [个人观点，如we should balance...and...]. We can [具体建议，如save resources in daily life/reduce pollution], so that [预期效果，如we can have a sustainable future/live in a better environment]. 3. 范文背诵 Nowadays, there is a hot discussion about whether plastic bags should be completely banned in daily life. People hold different opinions on this issue. Some people think that banning plastic bags is necessary, because they believe it can greatly reduce white pollution and maintain ecological balance. However, others argue that a complete ban is not practical, for plastic bags are convenient in daily life and many small businesses may face difficulties in adapting to the change. In my opinion, we should balance environmental protection and people's daily needs. We can encourage the use of reusable cloth bags and biodegradable plastic bags, and strengthen the recycling of plastic waste, so that we can reduce pollution while not bringing too much inconvenience to life. ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式 1. The main trait(特性) of a good leader is the ability to take responsibility for the team. 2. The manner(方式) in which you communicate with others can greatly influence their impression of you. 3. We must submit the project report before the deadline(截止日期); otherwise, we will miss the chance of evaluation. 4. A representative(代表) from the local government will attend our school's environmental protection forum. 5. Honesty and respect are the basic principle(原则) that everyone should follow in social interactions. 6. There is a clear contrast(差异) between the traditional teaching method and the modern interactive one. 7. Choosing a suitable career(职业) requires a combination of personal interest and social needs. 8. The dove is a universal symbol(象征) of peace and harmony in many cultures. 9. Students living in the dormitory(寝室) should learn to share space and respect each other's habits. 10. The furniture(家具) in the classroom is arranged to create a comfortable learning environment. 11. The minimum(最低限度) score required to pass this exam is 60 points out of 100. 12. After years of hard training, she finally won the championship(冠军称号) in the national swimming competition. 13. Before signing the contract(合同), you should read all the terms and conditions carefully. 14. Hard work and perseverance are the key element(要素) of achieving success. 15. The singer stood on the stage(舞台) and sang her new song to the enthusiastic audience. 16. The artist's unique painting style(风格) has attracted a large number of fans at home and abroad. 17. Her excellent leadership(领导能力) helped the team overcome difficulties and complete the task successfully. 18. The sudden collapse(倒塌) of the old building was caused by years of neglect and lack of maintenance. 19. People's income(收入) has increased significantly over the past decade, improving their living standards. 20. This shopping list includes every item(项) we need to buy for the weekend picnic. 21. Protecting endangered species(物种) is crucial for maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. 22. The decrease(减少量) in the number of tourists is due to the recent outbreak of the epidemic. 23. Climate change has a profound affect(影响) on the growth of crops and the survival of wildlife. 24. The excessive use of plastic packaging(包装材料) has become a major source of environmental pollution. 25. The city council(委员会) will hold a meeting to discuss the construction of a new public library. 26. Over the past decade(十年)，great changes have taken place in the field of artificial intelligence. 27. Regular exercise and a balanced diet can reduce the risk of developing cancer(癌症). 28. The student wrote an excellent essay(散文) about the importance of protecting cultural relics. 29. This scientific institute(研究院) is famous for its research on renewable energy and new materials. 30. The opponent(对手) in the debate competition put forward some challenging questions that made us think deeply. 31. Can you give me an instance(例子) to illustrate how this new technology works in daily life? 32. The committee(委员会) is made up of teachers, students and parents to ensure fair decision-making. 33. The ancient temple(庙宇) on the mountain has a history of more than 1,000 years. 34. The small village lies in a quiet valley(山谷) surrounded by green mountains and clear rivers. 35. A severe thunderstorm(雷暴) hit the area last night, causing power outages in several towns. ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. (2025 新课标 Ⅱ 卷改编) But it's incredible (incredibly) how you can adapt and learn in a new environment. 2. (2024 全国新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) But equally (equal) important is the mental aspect. 3. (2025 年 1 月浙江卷改编) Eschewing fertilizers and power tools, it's practical (practice) on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. 4. (2023 新课标 Ⅰ 卷改编) Also, could I remind you that the deadline for submission is this Friday, June 14th? Please finish your presentation (present) as soon as possible. 5. (2025 新课标 Ⅱ 卷改编) Last month, you kindly agreed to write an article about sports in Canada, and we're all looking forward to reading (read) it with great enthusiasm (enthusiastic). 6. (2025 年 1 月浙江卷改编) This platform is not only reserved for professional (profession) cooks, but also for those willing to discover new experiences. 7. (2025 新课标 Ⅱ 卷改编) Fortunately (fortune), analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. 8. (2025 新课标 Ⅱ 卷改编) Flowers are everywhere—hanging baskets, window boxes, and planters—just what you imagine in an attractive (attract) English market town. 9. (2022 全国甲卷改编) She is a devoted (devotion) teacher who always puts her students first. 10. (2024 年 1 月浙江卷改编) His convincing (convince) speech won the support of most people at the meeting. 11. (2021 新课标 Ⅰ 卷改编) To our surprise, the length (long) of the bridge is 500 meters, which is beyond our expectation. 12. (2023 年 1 月浙江卷改编) The effective (effect) way to solve the problem is to communicate with each other honestly. 13. (2020 全国新课标 Ⅱ 卷改编) After years of hard work, his ambition (ambitious) to become a scientist finally came true. 14. (2024 新课标 Ⅱ 卷改编) We are appreciative (appreciate) of your help, without which we couldn't have finished the task on time. 15. (2025 年 6 月浙江卷改编) Cooperation (cooperate) between different teams is the key to winning the competition. 16. (2022 年 1 月浙江卷改编) The influential (influence) writer has published more than 20 novels so far. 17. (2023 新课标 Ⅱ 卷改编) It is emotional (emotion) for us to say goodbye to our hometown where we grew up. 18. (2021 年 6 月浙江卷改编) His humorous (humour) story made everyone in the room laugh loudly. 19. (2024 年 6 月浙江卷改编) We need to organize (organization) the event carefully to make sure it runs smoothly. 20. (2020 新课标 Ⅰ 卷改编) The competition (compete) is so fierce that only the best players can enter the final. ( 题型 03 2 完成句子 ( 精彩句型，活学即用 ) ) 1.我们不能总是依赖父母的帮助，要学会独立。 We shouldn't always rely on our parents' help and should learn to be independent. 2.老师指出了我作文中的几个语法错误。 The teacher pointed out several grammar mistakes in my composition. 3.她花了很长时间才习惯于国外的生活方式。 It took her a long time to get used to the lifestyle abroad. 4.每个公民都应该 对保护环境负责。 Every citizen should be responsible for protecting the environment. 5.这种动物能够快速适应新的生存环境。 This kind of animal can adapt to the new living environment quickly. 6.长时间的熬夜会导致免疫力下降。 Staying up late for a long time will result in a decline in immunity. 7.科技在现代社会的发展中发挥着重要作用。 Science and technology plays an important role in the development of modern society. 8.面对气候变化，各国都需要采取行动减少碳排放。 Faced with climate change, all countries need to take action to reduce carbon emissions. 9.我们应该学会以积极的心态 处理 生活中的压力。 We should learn to deal with the pressure in life with a positive attitude. 10.你的每一次善举都 有助于 构建更美好的社会。 Every kind act of yours contributes to building a better society. 11.学生在课堂上应该 专注于 老师所讲的内容。 Students should focus on what the teacher says in class. 12.为了实现梦想，他一直 努力 提升自己的专业技能。 In order to realize his dream, he has been striving for improving his professional skills. 13.如果不加以保护，这种珍稀植物将会 消失。 If not protected, this rare plant will die out. 14.例如，多吃蔬菜和水果可以补充人体所需的维生素。 For instance, eating more vegetables and fruits can supplement the vitamins needed by the human body. 15.在报告的结尾，教授 总结 了本次研究的核心发现。 At the end of the report, the professor summed up the core findings of this research. 1. 词类辨析 易混词 词性与含义 辨析要点 易错例句与纠正 especially/specially 均为副词；前者表“尤其，特别”，后者表“专门地，特意地” especially侧重补充说明，无明确目的性；specially强调为特定目的而做 错误：I made a cake especially for your birthday. 正确：I made a cake specially for your birthday. ashamed/shameful ashamed为形容词（羞愧的，修饰人）；shameful为形容词（可耻的，修饰事物） ashamed描述人的主观感受；shameful形容事物的性质 错误：He felt shameful for lying. 正确：He felt ashamed for lying. lack 可作动词（缺乏）和名词（不足）|作及物动词时直接接宾语；作名词需搭配介词of 形容词形式为lacking，常与in连用 错误：He is lack of confidence. 正确：He is lacking in confidence./He lacks confidence. grateful/thankful 均为形容词，表“感激的” grateful情感更强烈，侧重对他人帮助的深切感谢；thankful侧重因避免不幸而感到庆幸 错误：I'm thankful to you for saving my life. 优化：I'm grateful to you for saving my life.（此处用grateful更贴合强烈的感激之情） vary/various/variety vary为动词（变化）；various为形容词（各种各样的）；variety为名词（多样性） 三者是同根词，需根据句子成分选择词性 错误：There are vary kinds of flowers. 正确：There are various kinds of flowers./There is a variety of flowers. 2. 语法结构 非限制性定语从句：首先，非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，需用which/who等，且从句前后需加逗号；其次，as和which指代整个主句时，as位置灵活，常搭配as we know等固定表达，which只能置于主句后。例如： 错误：My phone, that I bought last week, is lost. 正确：My phone, which I bought last week, is lost. 另外还易遗漏逗号导致句意偏差， 比如错误：My brother who works in Beijing is a doctor. 正确：My brother, who works in Beijing, is a doctor. 过去完成时：该时态表示过去某一时间之前完成的动作，常与by the time、before等连词连用，学生易与一般过去时混淆。 例如: 错误：When I arrived, he left. 正确：When I arrived, he had left. 前一句未体现“离开”发生在“到达”之前，时态使用错误。 宾语补足语结构：以find为代表的动词可接“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补可由形容词、现在分词、过去分词等充当，还常用it作形式宾语。学生易误加多余连接词，例如： 错误：I found that it difficult to learn English. 正确：I found it difficult to learn English. 3. 重点句型 “time相关连词”引导的时间状语从句'：the first time、every time、each time等可直接作连词引导从句，无需再加when，这是常见易错点。 例如 错误：The first time when I saw her, I fell in love with her. 正确：The first time I saw her, I fell in love with her. if only句型：该句型表达“要是……就好了”，若表示与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时，学生易混淆时态。 例如 错误：If only I can go back to the past. 正确：If only I could go back to the past. 部分否定句型：not all、not every等表示“并非全部”，学生易误译为完全否定。 例如 错误：Not all students like English.（误译：所有学生都不喜欢英语） 正确翻译：并非所有学生都喜欢英语。 “be+adj.+for/of sb. to do”句型：修饰人的品质用of，描述事物性质用for，学生易混淆介词。 例如： 错误：It's difficult of him to finish the task. 正确：It's difficult for him to finish the task. 而It's kind of him to help me.中kind修饰人的品质，用of则正确。 $专题01 选择性必修第一册Unit 1-3词汇短语句型梳理 1. ________ n. 幽默感→________ adj. 幽默的 2. ________ adj. 热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的→________ adv. 强烈地；热情地→________ n. 热衷的爱好，酷爱；激情※ 3. ________ adj. 极好的；难以置信的→________ adv. 难以置信地；很，极其→________ n. 难以置信；不可信的事物 4. ________ adj. 激起感情的；情感上的→________ n. 情感；情绪→________ adv. 感情上，情绪上；情绪冲动地 5. ________ adj. 实际的；实践的；切实可行的→________ n. 实践，惯例，常规 vt. & vi. 练习；施行；从事※ 6. ________ n. 报告，陈述，说明→________ vt. 颁发；赠送；正式介绍；陈述；展现 7. ________ n. 行为，举止→________ vi. & vt. 表现；表现得体 8. ________ n. 进入；接触的机会→________ adj. 易懂的；易得到的；可接近的 9. ________ n. 偏爱，偏好→________ vt. 较喜欢 10. ________ adj. 羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的→________ n. 羞耻，羞愧，惭愧；让人遗憾的事 11. ________ n. 意图，目的；打算→________ vi. & vt. 打算；计划；想要 12. ________ adj. 有效的→________ adv. 有效地→________ n. 影响；结果；效果※ 13. ________ adj. 沮丧的，忧愁的→________ vt. 使抑郁；使沮丧→________ n. 抑郁症；抑郁；沮丧※ 14. ________ vt. 组织，筹划→________ n. 组织；团体；机构→________ n. 组织者→________ adj. 有组织的；有条理的 15. ________ n. 革新，创新→________ vi. & vt. 创新；改革→________ n. 革新者；创新者→________ adj. 革新的；创新的※ 16. ________ n. 选手，参赛者→________ vi. 竞争；比赛→________ n. 竞争；比赛→________ adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的※ 17. ________ n. 清楚，清晰→________ vt. 阐明，澄清；净化 18. ________ n. 发展，变化→________ n. & vi. 进步；进展 19. ________ adj. 坚定的，坚决的→________ n. 决心，果断，坚定→________ vi. & vt. 决定；判决；裁定；使决定，使下决心 20. ________ adj. 坚定的；尽心尽力的→________ vi. & vt. 使致力于；押往；犯罪→________ n. 承诺，许诺；已承诺的事；献身，奉献，投入※ 21. ________ adj. 热心的，热衷的→________ adv. 热心地；满腔热情地→________ n. 热情，热忱；热衷的事物※ 22. ________ adj. 有抱负的，有雄心的→________ n. 野心；雄心；抱负；夙愿 23. ________ adj. 感激的→________ vt. 欣赏；赏识→________ n. 欣赏；感激※ 24. ________ n. 合作，协作→________ vi. 合作，协作；配合→________ adj. 合作的；协助的 25. ________ adj. 有影响力的→________ vt. 影响 n. 影响力；有影响力的人或事物 26. ________ vt. 把…… 奉献给；专心致力于→________ adj. 忠诚的，挚爱的→________ n. 关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚，热心 27. ________ vt. 说服；使确信→________ adj. 确信的；有坚定信仰的→________ adj. 令人信服的，有说服力的 28. ________ n. 长度→________ adj. 长的→________ vt. 使变长 29. ________ adj. 公认的；经过检验的→________ vt. 认可；承认；辨认出→________ n. 认识；认可；承认；赏识 30. ________ vi. & vt. 增进；捐献；促成→________ n. 捐款；贡献；捐助之物；投稿→________ n. 捐赠者；贡献者；捐款人；投稿人※ 31. ________ vt. 破坏；毁掉→________ n. 摧毁；毁灭→________ n. 破坏者；毁灭者 32. ________ vi. & vt. 再利用，回收利用→________ adj. 可回收利用的→________ adj. 不可回收的 33. ________ adj. 有教育意义的；知识性强的→________ vt. 通知；告知→________ adj. 见多识广的→________ n. 信息 34. ________ n. 威胁；灾难等坏事发生的可能→________ vt. 威胁；恐吓→________ adj. 受到威胁的 35. ________ adv. 非法地，违法地→________ adj. 非法的→________ adj. 合法的→________ adv. 合法地 36. ________ adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的→________ vi. & vt. 变化；不同→________ adj. 各种不同的；多姿多彩的→________ n. 不同种类；变化※ 37. ________ n. 消费者→________ vt. 消费；消耗→________ n. 消耗；消费 38. ________ adj. 浪费的；挥霍的→________ vt. 浪费 39. ________ adj. 现实的，实际的→________ adj. 实际的；真实的；真的→________ adv. 实际上，事实上；真正地→________ vt. 实现；认识到 40. ________ adj. 新颖的，创新的，革新的→________ vi. 创新；改革 vt. & vi. 创新；改革→________ n. 创新；改革※ 41. ________ n. 收集；收藏品；专辑→________ vt. 收集；收藏 42. ________ adj. 焦虑的，不安的→________ adv. 焦急地；忧虑地→________ n. 焦虑；忧虑；渴望※ 43. ________ adj. 烦恼的，生气的→________ vt. 使恼怒，使生气；使心烦→________ adj. 使烦恼的；使生气的※ 44. ________ n. 化学品 adj. 化学的→________ n. 化学；化学成分→________ n. 化学家；药剂师 45. ________ adj. 古老的；历史上重要的→________ adj. 历史的；史学的→________ adv. 关于历史事件，从历史观点上说→________ n. 历史；历史学 46. ________ adj. 农业的→________ n. 农业；农艺；农学 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) 1. ________ n. 特性，品质 2. ________ adj. 外向的，好交际的 3. ________ adj. 感激的，感谢的 4. ________ adj. 值得做的；重要的；有益的 5. ________ vt. 处理难题；应付局面 6. ________ adj. 烦恼的，心烦意乱的；vt. 使生气，使心烦意乱 7. ________ vt. 提出，提起 8. ________ vt. 标出；突出显示 9. ________ n. 方式，方法 10. ________ n. 截止日期，最后期限 11. ________ adj. 拼命的；绝望的 12. ________ vi. & vt. 推迟，延期 13. ________ adj. 令人惊奇的，异乎寻常的 14. ________ n. 代表 15. ________ n. 原则；行为准则 16. ________ n. 差异，差别；vt. 形成对比 17. ________ adj. 乐观的，乐观主义的 18. ________ n. 职业，事业 19. ________ n. 象征，标志 20. ________ n. 寝室，学生宿舍 21. ________ n. 家具 22. ________ n. 最少量；最小数；最低限度 23. ________ n. 冠军称号，冠军地位 24. ________ n. 合同；契约 25. ________ vt. 毁掉，糟蹋，毁坏 26. ________ n. 基本部分；要素 27. ________ adj. 巨大的，庞大的 28. ________ n. 舞台；月台 29. ________ adj. 杰出的，优秀的 30. ________ adj. 平庸的，普通的；n. 平均水平；平均数 31. ________ n. 方式，特点 32. ________ n. 领导；领导地位 33. ________ adv. 向前；倒；倒塌 34. ________ vi. 突然倒下；倒塌 35. ________ n. 收入；收益 36. ________ adj. 塑料制的 37. ________ n. 一项，一条 38. ________ vi. & vt. 转换，改变 39. ________ n. 物种，种 40. ________ n. 减少；减少的量 vi. & vt. 减少 41. ________ vt. 责怪，指责 42. ________ n. 影响 43. ________ vt. & vi. (使) 孵化 44. ________ vt. (使) 恢复 45. ________ n. 包装盒 (瓶、袋)，包装材料 46. ________ n. 委员会；理事会 47. ________ n. 十年，十年期 48. ________ n. 癌症 49. ________ n. 论说文；散文 50. ________ n. 机构；研究院 51. ________ n. 反对者；对手，敌手 52. ________ n. 例子，实例 53. ________ vt. 声称；断言；主张 54. ________ n. 委员会 55. ________ n. 庙宇，寺院 56. ________ vt. 雕，刻 57. ________ n. 谷，山谷 58. ________ n. 雷暴 ( 清单清清单 0301 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) 词词类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) 1. 学科网北京股份有限公1 / 7 学科网北京股份有限公司 学科网北京股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. ________ 去世；不复存在；消失 3. ________ 举起，支撑 4. ________ 依赖，依靠 5. ________ 袖手旁观；支持 6. ________ 在…… 的时刻 7. ________ 总计为，合计为 8. ________ 初次，第一次 9. ________ 过去经常，曾经 10. ________ 指出 11. ________ 换句话说 12. ________ 老实说 13. ________ 习惯于 14. ________ 检查；核对 15. ________ 与某人交往 16. ________ 对…… 过分担心 17. ________ 滚动浏览 18. ________ 喋喋不休 19. ________ 突然停止 20. ________ 代表某人 21. ________ 对…… 负责 22. ________ 占据 23. ________ 是…… 的成员；属于 24. ________ 适应 25. ________ 服从；遵守；赞同；支持 26. ________ 导致；通向 27. ________ 在…… 起作用 28. ________ 建立；增强 29. ________ 屈服于…… 30. ________ 另一方面 31. ________ 采取行动 / 措施 32. ________ 和…… 对比 33. ________ 致力于 34. ________ 提出 35. ________ 有意义；解释得通 36. ________ 处理；对待 37. ________（原内容空缺） 38. ________ 凭空想象出，虚构出 39. ________ 捐赠 40. ________ 发迹；出人头地 41. ________ 退出，脱离；辍学 42. ________ 有助于 43. ________ 致力于 44. ________ 专注于 45. ________ 归结为；要点是 46. ________ 待在家里 47. ________ 努力；专心致志于某事 48. ________ 使…… 与众不同 49. ________ 起某种作用 50. ________ 尽自己的职责 51. ________ 消失；绝迹，灭绝 52. ________ 彻底毁灭 53. ________ 对某事负有责任 54. ________ 处境危险，受到威胁 55. ________ 开始，着手 56. ________ 焦虑的 57. ________ 与…… 有关联 58. ________ 例如 59. ________ 概括，总结 ( 清单 04 高频句型 ( 精彩句型，句句精彩 ) ) 1. 同位语从句 I had no idea ____________________________________, and I didn't really want to find out, either! 我不知道成功的真正含义是什么，而且我也不想去弄明白！ 2. if only + 虚拟语气 Sometimes I think, ____________________________________ and ask for his advice! 有时我想，要是我能把更多时间投入到事业中并征求他的建议就好了！ 3. 名词短语作连词引导时间状语从句 ____________________________________, he was holding a notebook in his hand and looked nervous... 第一次参加这场会议时，他手里拿着笔记本，一副紧张的样子…… 4. wish 后的从句使用虚拟语气 I really ____________________________________and less upset about the result. 我真的希望她能更乐观一点，不要对结果这么心烦意乱。 5. 否定副词置于句首引起部分倒装 ____________________________________ her hand to answer the question in the class. 她在课堂上从未举手回答过问题。 6. what 引导主语从句 ____________________________________ is that no one, including me, can ignore the importance of cooperation. 令人真正在意的是，我认识的每个人，包括我自己，都不能忽视合作的重要性。 7. 动名词短语作主语 ____________________________________ is a symbol of achievement and they set this as their lifelong goal. 成为一名优秀的专业人才是成就的象征，他们把这作为终身目标。 8. not...but... Success is ________________________________________________________________________. 成功不是用你获得多少奖项来衡量的，而是用你对社会的贡献来衡量的。 9. 祈使句 + and + 陈述句 ____________________________________ and you will achieve your dream! 遵循这五条原则，你就会实现梦想！ 10. without 引起含蓄虚拟语气 Without natural resources, we ____________________________________ 没有自然资源，我们就没有发展工业的原料…… 11. while 作并列连词，表对比 Up to 50 people can work in one office, ___________the same number will need at least 10 separate rooms. 一间办公室可以容纳 50 人办公，而如果是单独房间，这些人至少需要 10 间。 12. with 复合结构 Pollution has been getting worse everywhere too, ____________________________________ in Asia and Africa. 各地的污染也越来越严重，越来越多的废水涌入亚洲和非洲的河流中。 ( 清单 05 核心文体写作 ( 通用表达，范文背诵 ) ) （一）邀请信（适配Unit 1 Relationships） 1. 写作框架 开头：表明邀请目的+活动基本信息（时间/地点） 中间：说明活动内容+参与意义 结尾：表达期待+请求回复 2. 通用模板 I'm writing to sincerely invite you to take part in [活动名称] which will be held on [时间] at [地点]. The activity is mainly to [活动目的，如improve our communication skills/strengthen mutual understanding]. During the activity, we will have [具体环节，如group discussions/story-sharing sessions], which can help us [活动意义，如get along better with each other/learn more from each other]. I really hope you can join us. Please let me know your decision as soon as possible. Looking forward to your reply. 3. 范文背诵 Dear Li Hua, I'm writing to sincerely invite you to take part in the "Heart-to-Heart Talk" activity which will be held on next Sunday morning at the school lecture hall. The activity is mainly to improve our communication skills with family and friends. During the activity, we will have group discussions about how to express our feelings bravely and story-sharing sessions where everyone can talk about their warm relationship stories, which can help us get along better with each other and cherish the people around us. I really hope you can join us. Please let me know your decision as soon as possible. Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Zhang Wei （二）人物传记（适配Unit 2 Success） 1. 写作框架 开头：人物身份+核心品质总述 中间：关键经历+主要成就+品质体现 结尾：人物评价+启示感悟 2. 通用模板 [人物姓名] is an outstanding [身份，如scientist/athlete/educator] who is widely respected for his/her [核心品质，如persistence and devotion]. In his/her life, he/she once [过往经历，如faced great difficulties but never gave up]. He/She devoted much time to [专注领域], and finally [主要成就，如made great contributions to.../achieved his/her goals successfully]. Besides, he/she always [品质细节，如helps others selflessly/sticks to his/her dreams]. [人物姓名] sets a good example for us. His/Her story tells us that [启示，如success comes from hard work and determination]. We should learn from his/her spirit. 3.范文背诵 Yuan Longping is an outstanding agricultural scientist who is widely respected for his persistence and devotion to fighting hunger. In his life, he once faced countless failures in hybrid rice research but never gave up. He devoted nearly his whole life to the research and development of hybrid rice, and finally developed high-yield hybrid rice varieties that have helped feed millions of people around the world. Besides, he always kept a simple life and cared about farmers' lives selflessly. Yuan Longping sets a good example for us. His story tells us that success comes from hard work and a heart that cares about others. We should learn from his spirit of pursuing dreams and contributing to society. （三）正反观点议论文（适配Unit 3 Conservation） 1. 写作框架 开头：引出话题+表明不同观点存在 中间：分述正反观点+各自理由 结尾：个人观点+具体建议 2. 通用模板 Nowadays, there is a hot discussion about [话题，如environmental protection/saving natural resources]. People hold different opinions on this issue. Some people think that [正面观点], because they believe [理由1，如it can benefit future generations/maintain ecological balance]. However, others argue that [反面观点], for [理由2，如it may affect economic development/bring inconvenience to life]. In my opinion, [个人观点，如we should balance...and...]. We can [具体建议，如save resources in daily life/reduce pollution], so that [预期效果，如we can have a sustainable future/live in a better environment]. 3. 范文背诵 Nowadays, there is a hot discussion about whether plastic bags should be completely banned in daily life. People hold different opinions on this issue. Some people think that banning plastic bags is necessary, because they believe it can greatly reduce white pollution and maintain ecological balance. However, others argue that a complete ban is not practical, for plastic bags are convenient in daily life and many small businesses may face difficulties in adapting to the change. In my opinion, we should balance environmental protection and people's daily needs. We can encourage the use of reusable cloth bags and biodegradable plastic bags, and strengthen the recycling of plastic waste, so that we can reduce pollution while not bringing too much inconvenience to life. ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式 1. The main ________(特性) of a good leader is the ability to take responsibility for the team. 2. The ________(方式) in which you communicate with others can greatly influence their impression of you. 3. We must submit the project report before the ________(截止日期); otherwise, we will miss the chance of evaluation. 4. A ________(代表) from the local government will attend our school’s environmental protection forum. 5. Honesty and respect are the basic ________(原则) that everyone should follow in social interactions. 6. There is a clear ________(差异) between the traditional teaching method and the modern interactive one. 7. Choosing a suitable ________(职业) requires a combination of personal interest and social needs. 8. The dove is a universal ________(象征) of peace and harmony in many cultures. 9. Students living in the ________(寝室) should learn to share space and respect each other’s habits. 10. The ________(家具) in the classroom is arranged to create a comfortable learning environment. 11. The ________(最低限度) score required to pass this exam is 60 points out of 100. 12. After years of hard training, she finally won the ________(冠军称号) in the national swimming competition. 13. Before signing the ________(合同), you should read all the terms and conditions carefully. 14. Hard work and perseverance are the key ________(要素) of achieving success. 15. The singer stood on the ________(舞台) and sang her new song to the enthusiastic audience. 16. The artist’s unique painting ________(风格) has attracted a large number of fans at home and abroad. 17. Her excellent ________(领导能力) helped the team overcome difficulties and complete the task successfully. 18. The sudden ________(倒塌) of the old building was caused by years of neglect and lack of maintenance. 19. People’s ________(收入) has increased significantly over the past decade, improving their living standards. 20. This shopping list includes every ________(项) we need to buy for the weekend picnic. 21. Protecting endangered ________(物种) is crucial for maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. 22. The ________(减少量) in the number of tourists is due to the recent outbreak of the epidemic. 23. Climate change has a profound ________(影响) on the growth of crops and the survival of wildlife. 24. The excessive use of plastic ________(包装材料) has become a major source of environmental pollution. 25. The city ________(委员会) will hold a meeting to discuss the construction of a new public library. 26. Over the past ________(十年), great changes have taken place in the field of artificial intelligence. 27. Regular exercise and a balanced diet can reduce the risk of developing ________(癌症). 28. The student wrote an excellent ________(散文) about the importance of protecting cultural relics. 29. This scientific ________(研究院) is famous for its research on renewable energy and new materials. 30. The ________(对手) in the debate competition put forward some challenging questions that made us think deeply. 31. Can you give me an ________(例子) to illustrate how this new technology works in daily life? 32. The ________(委员会) is made up of teachers, students and parents to ensure fair decision-making. 33. The ancient ________(庙宇) on the mountain has a history of more than 1,000 years. 34. The small village lies in a quiet ________(山谷) surrounded by green mountains and clear rivers. 35. A severe ________(雷暴) hit the area last night, causing power outages in several towns. ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. (2025 新课标 Ⅱ 卷改编) But it's _________ (incredibly) how you can adapt and learn in a new environment. 2. (2024 全国新高考 Ⅰ 卷改编) But _________ (equal) important is the mental aspect. 3. (2025 年 1 月浙江卷改编) Eschewing fertilizers and power tools, it's _________ (practice) on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. 4. (2023 新课标 Ⅰ 卷改编) Also, could I remind you that the deadline for submission is this Friday, June 14th? Please finish your _________ (present) as soon as possible. 5. (2025 新课标 Ⅱ 卷改编) Last month, you kindly agreed to write an article about sports in Canada, and we're all looking forward to _________ (read) it with great_________ (enthusiastic). 6. (2025 年 1 月浙江卷改编) This platform is not only reserved for _________ (profession) cooks, but also for those willing to discover new experiences. 7. (2025 新课标 Ⅱ 卷改编)_________ (fortune), analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. 8. (2025 新课标 Ⅱ 卷改编) Flowers are everywhere—hanging baskets, window boxes, and planters—just what you imagine in an _________ (attract) English market town. 9. (2022 全国甲卷改编) She is a _________ (devotion) teacher who always puts her students first. 10. (2024 年 1 月浙江卷改编) His _________ (convince) speech won the support of most people at the meeting. 11. (2021 新课标 Ⅰ 卷改编) To our surprise, the_________ (long) of the bridge is 500 meters, which is beyond our expectation. 12. (2023 年 1 月浙江卷改编) The _________ (effect) way to solve the problem is to communicate with each other honestly. 13. (2020 全国新课标 Ⅱ 卷改编) After years of hard work, his_________ (ambitious) to become a scientist finally came true. 14. (2024 新课标 Ⅱ 卷改编) We are _________ (appreciate) of your help, without which we couldn't have finished the task on time. 15. (2025 年 6 月浙江卷改编) _________ (cooperate) between different teams is the key to winning the competition. 16. (2022 年 1 月浙江卷改编) The _________ (influence) writer has published more than 20 novels so far. 17. (2023 新课标 Ⅱ 卷改编) It is _________ (emotion) for us to say goodbye to our hometown where we grew up. 18. (2021 年 6 月浙江卷改编) His _________ (humour) story made everyone in the room laugh loudly. 19. (2024 年 6 月浙江卷改编) We need to_________ (organization) the event carefully to make sure it runs smoothly. 20. (2020 新课标 Ⅰ 卷改编) The _________ (compete) is so fierce that only the best players can enter the final. ( 题型 03 2 完成句子 ( 精彩句型，活学即用 ) ) 1.我们不能总是依赖父母的帮助，要学会独立。 We shouldn't always________________________________________________ 2.老师指出了我作文中的几个语法错误。 The teacher ________________________________________________ in my composition. 3.她花了很长时间才习惯于国外的生活方式。 It took her a long time________________________________________________ 4.每个公民都应该 对保护环境负责。 Every citizen should ________________________________________________ 5.这种动物能够快速适应新的生存环境。 This kind of animal________________________________________________ 6.长时间的熬夜会导致免疫力下降。 Staying up late for a long time will__________________________________________in immunity. 7.科技在现代社会的发展中发挥着重要作用。 Science and technology________________________________________________the development of modern society. 8.面对气候变化，各国都需要采取行动减少碳排放。 Faced with climate change, all countries need to ____________________________carbon emissions. 9.我们应该学会以积极的心态 处理 生活中的压力。 We should ________________________________________________in life with a positive attitude. 10.你的每一次善举都 有助于 构建更美好的社会。 Every kind act of yours ________________________________________________ 11.学生在课堂上应该 专注于 老师所讲的内容。 Students should__________________________what the teacher says in class. 12.为了实现梦想，他一直 努力 提升自己的专业技能。 In order to realize his dream, he ________________________________________________ 13.如果不加以保护，这种珍稀植物将会 消失。 If not protected, this rare plant will _____________. 14.例如，多吃蔬菜和水果可以补充人体所需的维生素。 ________, eating more vegetables and fruits can supplement the vitamins needed by the human body. 15.在报告的结尾，教授 总结 了本次研究的核心发现。 At the end of the report, the professor ____________________of this research. 1. 词类辨析 易混词 词性与含义 辨析要点 易错例句与纠正 especially/specially 均为副词；前者表“尤其，特别”，后者表“专门地，特意地” especially侧重补充说明，无明确目的性；specially强调为特定目的而做 错误：I made a cake especially for your birthday. 正确：I made a cake specially for your birthday. ashamed/shameful ashamed为形容词（羞愧的，修饰人）；shameful为形容词（可耻的，修饰事物） ashamed描述人的主观感受；shameful形容事物的性质 错误：He felt shameful for lying. 正确：He felt ashamed for lying. lack 可作动词（缺乏）和名词（不足）|作及物动词时直接接宾语；作名词需搭配介词of 形容词形式为lacking，常与in连用 错误：He is lack of confidence. 正确：He is lacking in confidence./He lacks confidence. grateful/thankful 均为形容词，表“感激的” grateful情感更强烈，侧重对他人帮助的深切感谢；thankful侧重因避免不幸而感到庆幸 错误：I'm thankful to you for saving my life. 优化：I'm grateful to you for saving my life.（此处用grateful更贴合强烈的感激之情） vary/various/variety vary为动词（变化）；various为形容词（各种各样的）；variety为名词（多样性） 三者是同根词，需根据句子成分选择词性 错误：There are vary kinds of flowers. 正确：There are various kinds of flowers./There is a variety of flowers. 2. 语法结构 非限制性定语从句：首先，非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，需用which/who等，且从句前后需加逗号；其次，as和which指代整个主句时，as位置灵活，常搭配as we know等固定表达，which只能置于主句后。例如： 错误：My phone, that I bought last week, is lost. 正确：My phone, which I bought last week, is lost. 另外还易遗漏逗号导致句意偏差， 比如错误：My brother who works in Beijing is a doctor. 正确：My brother, who works in Beijing, is a doctor. 过去完成时：该时态表示过去某一时间之前完成的动作，常与by the time、before等连词连用，学生易与一般过去时混淆。 例如: 错误：When I arrived, he left. 正确：When I arrived, he had left. 前一句未体现“离开”发生在“到达”之前，时态使用错误。 宾语补足语结构：以find为代表的动词可接“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补可由形容词、现在分词、过去分词等充当，还常用it作形式宾语。学生易误加多余连接词，例如： 错误：I found that it difficult to learn English. 正确：I found it difficult to learn English. 3. 重点句型 “time相关连词”引导的时间状语从句'：the first time、every time、each time等可直接作连词引导从句，无需再加when，这是常见易错点。 例如 错误：The first time when I saw her, I fell in love with her. 正确：The first time I saw her, I fell in love with her. if only句型：该句型表达“要是……就好了”，若表示与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时，学生易混淆时态。 例如 错误：If only I can go back to the past. 正确：If only I could go back to the past. 部分否定句型：not all、not every等表示“并非全部”，学生易误译为完全否定。 例如 错误：Not all students like English.（误译：所有学生都不喜欢英语） 正确翻译：并非所有学生都喜欢英语。 “be+adj.+for/of sb. to do”句型：修饰人的品质用of，描述事物性质用for，学生易混淆介词。 例如： 错误：It's difficult of him to finish the task. 正确：It's difficult for him to finish the task. 而It's kind of him to help me.中kind修饰人的品质，用of则正确。 $