专题02 阅读理解之说明文（复习讲义）（辽宁专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题02 阅读理解之说明文 目 录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 2 02·时空导航·网络构建 3 03·题型通关·靶向突破 3 考点一 题型破解 3 文体特点 解释、说明、传递事实性信息；内容客观、语言准确、表达简洁、逻辑关联 选项规律 干扰项特征：同义替换、细节篡改、以偏概全、无中生有、过度推理、反向逻辑、字面意思、范围扩大/缩小 考点二 解题要点 5 题型 1. 细节理解题 2. 主旨大意题 3. 推理判断题 4. 词义猜测题 5. 篇章结构题 6. 观点态度题 04·优题精选·练能提分 9 题型 考查形式 2025年 2024年 阅读理解之说明文 ☑选择题 □非选择题 辽宁卷C篇：科普知识（细节理解2，词义猜测1，主旨大意1） 辽宁卷A篇：人与植物（细节理解3，文章出处1） 考情分析 一、命题特点分析 1. 近两年辽宁省中考统考卷题材聚焦生活常识、日常科普，紧扣时代与生活，和学生生活关联紧密的内容，实现了知识考查与文化、生活引导的结合。 2. 题型以细节题为主，搭配主旨大意、词义猜测。 3. 命题逻辑：命题遵循 “主题聚焦实用价值 + 结构遵循说明逻辑 + 题型锚定核心能力 + 选项设置精准干扰” 的四维命题体系，最终指向对学生 “信息获取、逻辑分析、语境应用” 的综合考查。 4.语言特征：语言设计严格遵循 “科学性、实用性、简洁性” 原则，既贴合说明文 “传递信息、解释说明” 的文体本质，又匹配初中毕业生的英语认知水平，同时服务于中考 “考查信息获取与语言应用能力” 的核心目标。 二、命题思路总结 1. 价值观导向鲜明，兼顾实用性与教育性。既选取他们感兴趣的科技热点、熟悉的生活场景，降低理解门槛；又通过题材的教育意义实现价值引领。 2. 能力层级分明，基础层（细节理解题）考察信息定位与提取的能力，进阶层（词义猜测）考查逻辑推理的能力，高层（主旨大意题）考查主题提炼与价值判断的能力。 3. 素材贴近生活，情境真实鲜活 ：所选题材多是学生熟悉的生活场景，无陌生语境。部分文本还融入文化元素与社会热点，既降低学生阅读障碍，又引导学生关注文化与现实社会。 命题预测 一、主题预测 1. 操作指南、使用手册等实用性强且贴近生活的说明文。 2.本土特色与文化传承：传统技艺、非遗文化等方面。 2. 成长感悟与人际温情：化解矛盾、面对挫折、排解压力、学习方法等方面 4. 时事热点：环保与绿色行动，红色经典活动、高科技成就、国内外赛事等方面。 二、题型预测 ①细节理解题是必考，且考题数量在2-3道，由易到难分布从原文直接获取信息，到用同义词转换或归纳概括细节； ②推理判断题，让考生根据细节推断； ③主旨大意题，常以“What is the passage mainly about?”“What’s the best title?”提问，考查对文章核心的把握； ④词义猜测题，针对文章中某一名词或动词、代词，结合上下文推断含义；。 考点一 题型破解 一、文体特点 说明文的核心功能是“解释、说明、传递事实性信息”，其文体特点围绕“客观、准确、清晰”展开。 1. 内容客观性：无主观情感表达，聚焦“事实、原理、方法、特征”； 2. 语言准确性：① 多用专业术语；② 避免模糊表述，常用数据、具体例子支撑； 3. 表达简洁性：句式以简单句、并列句、定语从句为主，避免复杂修辞（比喻、拟人等），侧重信息传递效率； 4. 逻辑关联性：高频使用连接词（表因果、递进、转折、列举），使文章逻辑清晰、层次分明。 说明文的结构围绕“说明对象→相关信息（特征/原理/方法/影响）→总结/建议”展开。高频结构主要有： 1. 总分结构：总段（提出说明对象，概括核心特征/目的）→ 分点段（从不同角度展开说明，每段围绕一个分论点）； 2. 总分总结构：总段（引出说明对象，提出核心观点）→ 分点段（用事实、数据、例子支撑观点）→ 总结段（呼应开头，强化核心或给出展望）； 3. 递进结构：围绕说明对象，按“现象→原因→影响→解决方案”或“定义→特点→应用→发展”的顺序逐步深入，层层递进。 4. 对比结构：通过对比两个或多个说明对象，突出其中一个的特征或优势。 命题分布：细节理解题占比最高：这类题目在说明文阅读中占比达50%左右，是命题核心。题目多要求学生定位具体信息。推理判断题与主旨大意题次之。推理判断题需学生基于文本信息推导隐含内容；主旨大意题则常以选标题、概括核心内容的形式出现，且部分题目不会直接给出主旨，易成为错题点。词义猜测题：多借助上下文语境设置题目。让学生推测生词或熟词生义，以此考察学生结合语境理解词汇的能力。 难度分析：大部分细节理解题属于定位即可作答，难度较低。这类题目题干关键词明确，如数字、专有名词等，学生可快速在原文中找到对应语句，无需深入分析。词义猜测题和部分推理判断题不能仅靠单一语句得出答案，要结合前后文逻辑或段落关系推导。推测与语境关联紧密的生词含义，或是归纳段落小标题的推断题，需要学生具备一定的语境分析和信息整合能力，容易出现因理解片面而失分的情况。 主旨大意题考察对全文的整体把握，干扰项具有很强的迷惑性，易让学生陷入“以偏概全”的误区。 二、选项规律 干扰项特征 释义 同义替换陷阱 用近义但不符的词汇替换，导致语义偏差； 细节篡改陷阱 保留关键词，篡改数字、范围、修饰词等核心信息； 以偏概全陷阱 用局部细节或分论点代替全文主旨； 无中生有陷阱 添加原文未提及的主体、动作、逻辑或极端要求； 过度推理陷阱 使用“最、绝对、一定、必须”等极端词汇，超出原文范围； 反向逻辑陷阱 与原文语义或逻辑关系直接相反； 字面意思陷阱 忽略熟词生义的语境需求，仅取表面含义； 范围扩大/缩小陷阱 超出或缩小原文说明对象的边界。 考点二 解题要点 一、细节理解题 1. 解题步骤 第一步：圈画题干关键词； 第二步：回原文定位对应段落；注意选项与原文的同义替换 第三步：核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。 2. 解题原则 点对点匹配原则：选项需与原文细节一一对应，无语义增减或偏差，拒绝 “模糊对应”。 关键词优先原则：优先通过题干关键词定位，避免通读全文浪费时间，提高解题效率。 客观验证原则：答案需有原文明确依据，不依赖主观猜测，即使选项 “看似合理” 但无原文支撑，也需排除。 【典例】 China has become the world’s largest producer and market of EVs (电车). According to a report, 9.49 million were sold in China in 2023, and 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口). 1．How many Chinese-made EVs were sold all over the world in 2023? A．1.2 million. B．9.49 million. C．8.29 million. D．10.69 million. 【解析】 根据题干中的关键信息“How many/sold/2023”定位到第二句中的“9.49 million were sold in China in 2023, and 1.2 million EVs were exported”,可知2023年中国国内销售949万辆，出口120万辆，全球总销量为两者之和为。故选 D。 2、 主旨大意题 1. 解题步骤 第一步：结构梳理：快速通读首尾段及各段首句，明确说明文结构，提炼核心说明对象； 第二步：总结各段分论点，整合为 “说明对象 + 核心内容” 的完整语义； 第三步： 排除 “含具体细节、范围过宽、以偏概全、偏离主题” 的选项，聚焦概括性强、覆盖全文的选项； 第四步：核对选项与首尾段主旨句是否同义替换，确保选项未遗漏核心维度。 2.解题原则： 全文覆盖原则：正确答案需涵盖说明对象及所有核心分论点，不局限于某一段落的局部信息。 简洁概括原则：选项语言需简洁抽象，不含具体数据、例子、专业术语等细节性内容。 首尾呼应原则：优先选择与首尾段主旨句语义一致的选项，符合辽宁中考说明文 “总分总” 结构的命题规律。 【典例】There are many different ways to solve a problem. One way is to be creative. People often think creative thinking is just for artists and designers, but this is not true. Dr. Edward de Bono, an expert in creative thinking and problem solving, has shown the world that using creativity to solve problems is very useful in business and in our communities. 1．What is the subject of the text? A．Being a creative artist in the community. B．Doing business successfully in the future. C．Asking experts for some useful advice. D．Using creative thinking to solve problems. 【解析】根据题干中的关键信息，需概括主旨大意。定位到第一、二句“There are many different ways to solve a problem. One way is to be creative.”可知，本文主要讲述了运用创造性思维解决问题。故选D。 三、推理判断题 1. 解题步骤 第一步： 逻辑定位：圈画题干关键词，定位原文相关语句及上下文逻辑关系（因果、转折、递进、对比等），标注逻辑连接词（however、so、therefore、besides）； 第二步： 合理推导：基于原文明确信息进行延伸，推导隐含语义，不添加无依据的主观判断； 第三步： 选项甄别：排除 “直接复述原文（非推理）、过度推理（含极端词汇）、反向推理（与逻辑相反）、无依据联想” 的选项； 第四步： 语境契合：确保答案符合文章主题和段落逻辑，不与原文任何信息冲突，保持客观中立。 2. 解题原则 适度推理原则：推理需 “基于原文、不超范围”，拒绝 “夸大事实”“主观臆断”“绝对化表述”。 逻辑一致原则：答案需体现原文的因果、转折等逻辑关系，不能脱离上下文逻辑孤立判断。 隐含信息原则：正确答案是原文未直接表述但必然成立的隐含信息，而非原文语句的简单重复。 【典例】④The chances of elephants being left-trunked or right-trunked are about 50:50. This is very different from people. For us, the chances of being left-handed or right-handed are about 10:90, according to CBS News. And for other animals such as kangaroos, the chances are about 95:5. This is interesting, isn’t it? 2．About ________ out of every 50 elephants are left-trunked. A．5 B．25 C．45 D．48 【解析】 根据题干中的关键信息 “out of every 50 elephants are left-trunked”定位到第四段“The chances of elephants being left-trunked or right-trunked are about 50:50.”可推知，大象有左鼻或右鼻的可能性为50:50，故推测每50头大象中大约有25个左鼻。故选B。 四、词义猜测题 1. 解题步骤 第一步：语境定位：找到生词所在语句及前后 1-2 句，标注上下文逻辑关系或解释性语句； 第二步：语义推导：根据逻辑关系推导词义 ，结合文章主题锁定语义方向； 第三步：选项排除：排除 “字面意思（熟词生义题）、与上下文无关、语义矛盾” 的选项，聚焦与语境逻辑一致的选项。 第四步：代入验证：将锁定的答案代入原文，检查语句是否通顺、语义是否连贯，确保无逻辑冲突。 2. 解题原则 语境优先原则：词义由上下文语境决定，优先通过逻辑关系和解释性语句推导。 主题契合原则：猜测的词义需贴合文章主题。 逻辑关联原则：紧扣转折、并列、因果等逻辑关系，确保推导的词义与前后文语义一致，无矛盾。 【典例】The system helps people think about a problem in different ways in order to find a solution. In the system, there are six imaginary hats of different colors. ......So, next time you have a problem in your community, think about it creatively, from different perspectives, and see what ideas you have. 3．What does the underlined word “perspectives” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Sides. B．Places. C．People. D．Rules. 【解析】 根据题干关键信息可定位到尾段“So, next time you have a problem in your community, think about it creatively, from different perspectives, and see what ideas you have.”可知，当你在你的社区遇到问题时，从不同的角度创造性地思考它，因此“perspectives”意为“sides方面”；故选A。 5、 篇章结构题 1. 解题步骤 第一步：预判结构 —— 通读 “首尾段 + 各段首句”； 第二步：验证结构 —— 梳理段间逻辑与段落功能； 第三步：匹配选项 —— 对比特征，排除干扰； 第四步：复核确认 —— 回归文本，验证一致性。 2.解题原则 结构特征优先原则：紧扣说明文 “客观说明、逻辑清晰” 的本质，优先通过 “首尾段特征、连接词、段落中心句” 识别结构类型，拒绝依赖主观语感。 逻辑关系匹配原则：段间/句间逻辑需与选项表述一致，重点关注 “连接词信号”。 功能对应原则：段落/句子功能需贴合其核心内容，不脱离文本核心信息。 排除干扰原则：排除 “局部细节覆盖全文结构”“逻辑关系颠倒”“无连接词支撑” 的干扰项，聚焦与文本特征高度契合的选项。 【典例】① Have you ever heard of snakebots? They are robots that copy the actions of real snakes. Snakebots are an example of the science of biomimicry (仿生学). ...to copy nature to solve problems. ② Scientists studied snakes’ bodies, then built robots that copy their movements to do many jobs. ③ Snakebots can go to some places that are too small, dangerous, or difficult for people to reach. ④ Other types of snakebots help doctors perform operations. ⑤ As scientists continue to develop snakebots, people will continue to find more uses for this top technology. 4．How is the text organized? (① = Paragraph 1, ② = Paragraph 2 ...) A． B． C． D． 【解析】 通读全文可知，第一段引入蛇形机器人和仿生学的概念；第二段描述蛇形机器人如何模仿蛇的动作；第三、四段介绍了蛇形机器人在救援中的应用、在医疗和其他领域的应用。第五段总结蛇形机器人的未来发展。故第一、二段为总述；第三、四段阐述具体的应用；第五段总结。故选D。 6、 观点态度题 1. 解题步骤 第一步：题干定位 —— 锁定 “态度主体”，避免偏离方向； 第二步：原文扫描 —— 抓取 “态度信号词”，排除无关信息； 第三步：选项辨析 —— 匹配信号词，排除 “干扰项”； 第四步：验证复盘 —— 回归主旨，确保态度与主旨一致。 2.解题原则 “客观优先” 原则：说明文的核心是 “传递信息、解释说明”，作者通常保持客观中立或 “温和正向”，不会表达强烈的个人情感。 “信号词为主、极端必删” 原则：所有态度判断必须基于原文信号词，不能凭 “个人常识” 或 “生活经验” 推断。 【典例】EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 4．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the future of China’s EV industry? A．Uncertain. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. D．Worried. 【解析】 根据题干关键信息可定位到末段总结句，根据“EVs are the way of the future...It is very likely that China will hold the lead”可知，作者对中国电动汽车行业的未来持乐观态度。故选B。 Passage 1 （2025·辽宁·中考真题）We have many ways to get close to nature, such as dancing in the rain, stepping on fallen leaves or digging in the soil, but my favourite is walking barefoot (赤脚). Walking barefoot can be enjoyable and helpful. It can help us sleep better and feel rested in mind and body. It can also build our foot muscles (肌肉) and improve our balance. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, walking barefoot can be good for our health. When you want to try walking barefoot, there’s no need to hurry. At first, walking barefoot for 10 minutes can be fine. After that, add 5 minutes every day until you can walk for 20 to 30 minutes. If your feet hurt, take a break or curtail the time. Walking barefoot, however, isn’t always safe. People with health problems like flat feet or back pain should avoid this practice. What’s more, walking barefoot in cold or wet environments might cause health problems. To make walking barefoot safe, remember the following points: ·Choose safe places, like soft grass or warm sand. ·Stay away from things like rocks or broken glass. ·Keep shoes at hand if you worry that your feet will get too sore. ·Listen to your body—stop if you feel pain or discomfort. Walking barefoot is a great way to feel connected with nature, but it’s important to stay safe and consider your own health condition. 1．Which of the following is the writer’s favourite way to get close to nature? A．Dancing in the rain. B．Stepping on fallen leaves. C．Digging in the soil. D．Walking without shoes on. 2．What does the underlined word “curtail” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Tell. B．Make. C．Value. D．Reduce. 3．According to the text, remember to ________ when you are walking barefoot. A．try a cold surface B．practice on hard rocks C．find a safe place D．walk in wet environments 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The introduction to health problems. B．The suggestions on outdoor activities. C．The information about walking barefoot. D．The effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了赤脚行走的益处和安全实践的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“but my favourite is walking barefoot”可知，作者最喜欢的亲近自然的方式是赤脚行走。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“If your feet hurt, take a break or curtail the time.”可知，若脚疼需休息或“减少”时间，结合选项，“curtail”意为“减少”，与选项D“Reduce”意义相近。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Choose safe places, like soft grass or warm sand.”可知，赤脚行走时需选择安全的地方。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章围绕赤脚行走展开，介绍了其益处、适应方法、安全建议等，核心内容是“关于赤脚行走的信息”。故选C。 Passage 2 （2024·辽宁·中考真题）We’re plants. Give us your care and we will bring joy to you. Please take us home, will you? PLANTS Get to know us Flowers We bring bright colors! Houseplants We are green and light up rooms! Succulents (多肉植物) We don’t need much care! Vegetables How about home-grown food? Give us a home We can live in a pot. It can be put near a window, by a sofa or under a tree. Placing us on a wall will bring you much fun. We love it, too. Care for us Spring We may need fertilizers (化肥). Summer We hate harmful insects. Autumn We need less water. Winter Give us a larger home if necessary. 1．According to the text, ________ don’t need much care. A．flowers B．houseplants C．succulents D．vegetables 2．It’s fun to put a pot of plants ________. A．on a wall B．by a sofa C．near a window D．under a tree 3．Plants need to be protected from harmful insects, especially in ________. A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter 4．Which part of a magazine is the text most probably taken from? A．Art. B．Life. C．Sports. D．History. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些植物。 1．细节理解题。根据“Succulents (多肉植物) We don’t need much care!”可知，多肉植物不太需要照顾，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Placing us on a wall will bring you much fun.”可知，把植物挂在墙上会给你带来很多乐趣。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Summer We hate harmful insects.”可知，尤其是在夏天需要保护植物不受有害昆虫的侵害，故选B。 4．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了一些植物，所以可能在杂志的生活版块看到这篇文章，故选B。 Passage 3 （2025·辽宁沈阳和平区·二模）Friendships are wonderful, but sometimes friends argue with each other. Maybe it can be hard to know what to do in such situations, we have some advice for you. Make up with your friend To make up with a friend after an argument, it’s important to talk things out with your friend: ●Set a time to talk-When you and your friend are both calm, set a time to talk. ●Be open—Let your friend share his or her feelings and thoughts. ●Apologize—Say you’re sorry if you said or did anything wrong in the argument. ●Fix things together—Discuss how to stop such situations from happening again. Change yourself When a friendship doesn’t go well, you may feel sad or angry. Here are some ways to deal with these feelings: It’s OK to be sad. Take care of yourself. Be polite and respectful. Keep yourself busy. Try something new. Talk to someone about how you feel. 1．The text is about how to ________. A．fix problems with friends B．stop arguing with parents C．make new friends at school D．keep happy in our daily life 2．When should you talk to your friend after an argument according to the text? A．Before we leave school. B．When both of us are calm. C．After I talk with my teachers. D．As soon as the argument finishes. 3．We should ________ if we feel sad or angry after an argument with a friend. A．find out others’ mistakes B．end the friendship at once C．take up some new hobbies D．keep the feelings to ourselves 4．In which part of a magazine can we find the text? A．Nature. B．Sports. C．Communication. D．History. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何处理与朋友之间的沟通问题。 1．主旨大意题。根据“Friendships are wonderful, but sometimes friends argue with each other. Maybe it can be hard to know what to do in such situations, we have some advice for you.”可知，文章主要讨论的是如何解决与朋友之间的问题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Set a time to talk-When you and your friend are both calm, set a time to talk.”可知，应该在双方都冷静的时候与朋友交谈。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Try something new.”可知，如果与朋友争吵后感到悲伤或愤怒，可以尝试一些新的事物。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容，主要讨论的是如何与朋友沟通和解决冲突，因此最可能出现在“沟通”部分。故选C。 Passage 4 （2025·辽宁沈阳沈北新区·二模）Nov 9 is National Fire Safety Day. Here are some tips for you in case a fire breaks out. When you smell smoke or see fire, shout “Fire!” as loudly as you can. Get help from your parents or call 119. Give them your location, and follow their instructions. Do not try to put out the fire yourself. Get out of the room as soon as possible. Don’t try to take anything with you. A fire can become fierce (凶猛的) in a few seconds. If there is a lot of smoke in your room, keep your head and body close to the floor. There is less smoke lower down, so it’s easier to breathe and see where you are going. If the door handle (把手) is really hot, do not open the door. Try to find a different way out. Never use the lift during a fire. Always use the stairs. The lift may stop working, and you could get trapped (被困) inside it. If you can’t get out of your room, close the door and put a blanket at the foot of the door to stop smoke from coming in. Open the window and shout or wave something like a flashlight or item of clothing from the window. Close the window if smoke enters. Don’t hide under the bed or anywhere else. Stay by the window, close to the floor. If your clothes catch fire, don’t run, because moving around will make the fire even bigger. Drop to the ground, and then roll from side to side to put out the fire. Finally, remember to stay calm no matter what happens. This will help you to make smart decisions in an emergency. 1．What should you first do if you smell smoke or see fire in your building? A．Call your friends. B．Cry out for help loudly. C．Use the lift to leave the building. D．Try to put out the fire yourself. 2．Which is the right action if there is a lot of smoke in your room? A．B． C． D． 3．What must you do whatever happens in a big fire according to the text? A．Stop walking and hide under the bed. B．Drop to the ground and then roll. C．Keep calm and make clever decisions. D．Open the window and get out of the room first. 4．What is the main purpose of writing the text? A．To tell us the dangers of home fires. B．To teach kids how to put out a fire. C．To share information about fire safety. D．To ask the public to protect kids better. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了发生火灾时的应对措施。 1．细节理解题。根据“When you smell smoke or see fire, shout “Fire!” as loudly as you can. Get help from your parents or call 119.”可知，当发现烟味或看到火情时，文中建议先大声呼喊“着火了”并寻求帮助或拨打119。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“If there is a lot of smoke in your room, keep your head and body close to the floor.”可知如果你的房间里有很多烟，让你的头和身体靠近地板，与选项对照应俯身或爬行。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Finally, remember to stay calm no matter what happens. This will help you to make smart decisions in an emergency.”可知，在大火中最重要的是保持冷静并作出正确判断。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Nov 9 is National Fire Safety Day. Here are some tips for you in case a fire breaks out.”和文章主要内容可知，本文围绕全国消防安全日，介绍火灾发生时的应对方法，目的应是分享消防安全信息。故选C。 Passage 5 （2025·辽宁沈阳大东区·二模）“For thousands of years, humans have raced to be the first… Now, in some cases, we’re racing to be the last,” said The New York Times’ Paige McClanahan. This is the spirit at the heart of last-chance tourism, a rising industry. Last-chance tourism is about seeing the last of something. Rising temperatures and water levels mean that we may never get another opportunity to see certain islands, glaciers (冰川), animals, and so on before they disappear. This may sound sad, but some people are using last-chance tourism as an opportunity to spread environmental awareness. One example is “the Sea of Ice” in Chamonix, France. The Chamonix ski resort (度假村) opened a glacier museum in 2012 called the Glaciorium. There tourists can learn about glaciers and how climate change influences places like “the Sea of Ice”. This effort seems to be having an influence. A 2023 survey showed that 80 percent of visitors would “try to learn more about the environment and how to protect it”. But last-chance tourism may be speeding up the effects of climate change. As more people rush to endangered nature places, they create a bigger and bigger carbon footprint (碳足迹), leading to the destruction (破坏) of the places in the end. Just as many experts have said, “Last-chance tourism is a paradox (悖论).” At the end of the day, we should not just understand the need to stop climate change. 1．Why do people go for the last-chance tourism besides seeing the last of something? A．To enjoy themselves in the Glaciorium. B．To spread environmental awareness. C．To find out “the Sea of Ice” in France. D．To take part in the survey in 2023. 2．How do tourists destroy the places in their last-chance tourism? A．They speed up the effects of climate change. B．They go to more endangered nature places. C．They disagree with many experts’ point of view. D．They create a bigger and bigger carbon footprint. 3．What is the author’s conclusion (结论) that we can get from the text? A．The last-chance tourism is already a rising industry. B．Tourists have learned how to protect the environment. C．It is more important to avoid making climate worse. D．McClanahan reported an article in The New York Times. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Getting an opportunity to islands B．Rushing to see it before it’s gone C．Showing care and love for nature D．Making an effort to make it safe 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“最后机会旅游”这一新兴行业的概念、目的及其对环境的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“some people are using last-chance tourism as an opportunity to spread environmental awareness”可知，除了观赏即将消失的景观，人们参与此类旅游的另一个目的是传播环保意识。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“As more people rush to endangered nature places, they create a bigger and bigger carbon footprint (碳足迹), leading to the destruction (破坏) of the places in the end.”可知，游客通过增加碳足迹间接破坏景点。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“At the end of the day, we should not just understand the need to stop climate change.”可推知，作者的结论是避免气候恶化更为重要。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕“最后机会旅游”展开，强调人们争相观赏即将消失的景观，B项符合。故选B。 Passage 6 （2025·辽宁沈阳市·一模）①In the Yellow River Basin (流域), scientists studied how human activities influence nature. They looked at the area from 2001 to 2020 and found some interesting results. Though human activities increased in 66.3% of the area, the quality of nature actually got improved by 22.61%. That is to say with the right actions, we can better nature even when there are more people and more human activities. ②One interesting finding was that some farmland was turned back into natural land. Because of the government’s nature-friendly program “Grain for Green”, people are encouraged to plant more trees and grass instead of growing crops. This added 15.994 square kilometers of natural land. The change helped to make the air fresher, the water cleaner, and the homes for animals better. ③Another interesting finding was that 45.88% of the area had both more human activities and better nature at the same time. This proves that humans and nature can develop together if humans make good choices, such as recycling rubbish and saving energy. ④The study showed that the wild nature in 33.7% of the Yellow River Basin also improved a lot. People started wetland protection activities and the area of wetland became 8.3square kilometers larger. Many endangered birds came to live and some fish swam back. ⑤In a word, only by carrying out eco-friendly activities and making good use of environment can humans and nature live in harmony (和谐). 1．How does the writer show the results of the study in the first paragraph? A．By telling a story. B．By giving an example. C．By listing numbers. D．By explaining reasons. 2．What can we know about the “Grain for Green” program from the text? A．It centered on planting more trees and grass to feed animals. B．It made a very big difference in helping to protect the nature. C．It increased the amount of farmland and made the air cleaner. D．It caused more pollution but helped animals find better homes. 3．How is the text organized? (①= Paragraph 1; ②= Paragraph 2……) A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following can be the best title (标题) for the text? A．Human Activities and Improving Nature B．Scientific Studies and Important Findings C．The Best Ways to Protect Nature in China D．The Best Actions in the Yellow River Basin 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了在黄河流域，科学家们研究了人类活动如何影响自然，并发现了一些有趣的结果，包括一些农田被改回自然土地、45.88%的地区人类活动增加同时自然也变得更好、33.7%的黄河流域野生自然也得到了很大改善，最后总结出人类和自然可以和谐共处的结论。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“They looked at the area from 2001 to 2020 and found some interesting results. Though human activities increased in 66.3% of the area, the quality of nature actually got improved by 22.61%.”可知，作者通过列举数字来展示研究结果。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Because of the government’s nature-friendly program “Grain for Green”, people are encouraged to plant more trees and grass instead of growing crops. This added 15.994 square kilometers of natural land. The change helped to make the air fresher, the water cleaner, and the homes for animals better.”可知，“Grain for Green”项目对保护自然产生了非常大的影响。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。文章第一段介绍了总体的发现，第二至第四分别介绍了研究的不同发现，最后一段总结了人类与自然和谐共处的观点。因此，选项B符合这一结构。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了人类活动如何影响自然，并发现了一些有趣的结果，包括人类活动增加但自然质量提高、农田被改回自然土地、人类活动增加同时自然也变得更好、野生自然得到改善等，最后总结出人类和自然可以和谐共处的结论。因此，最佳标题应该是“人类活动与改善自然”。故选A。 Passage 7 （2025·辽宁大连市·一模） With their cute “smiles” and photo-ready poses, quokkas (短尾矮袋鼠) are often called the “world’s happiest animals”. But are they really as happy as they seem? Found in Western Australia, quokkas are about the size of a small cat and look like a smaller, rounder type of their cousin, the kangaroo. They have small faces with large eyes and round ears, and they are famous for looking like they’ re always smiling. While the quokkas’ “smile” is just a result of the shape of their mouths, they do have a friendly nature. They are not afraid of people, making it easy for visitors to take pictures with them. Taking quokka selfies (自拍照) has become a popular tourist activity on Rottnest Island, home to the world’s largest quokka population. Hundreds of thousands of quokka selfies have been shared on the Internet. Although these animals are doing well online, it’s a different story in the wild. Quokkas are listed as vulnerable (易受伤害的) by the Western Australian Threatened Species Scientific Committee (委员会). Today, there are thought to be around 10, 000 quokkas living on Rottnest Island, with a few smaller populations living on mainland Western Australia. Reports show that quokka populations have been going down because of predators (捕食者) and the reduction of their living places. For those visiting Rottnest Island, there are rules in place to help protect the quokka population. Visitors can’t feed or touch the quokkas, or they may pay fines of up to about $7,000. 1．Quokkas come from ________. A．the US B．Australia C．India D．Africa 2．What do visitors like doing with quokkas? A．Keeping them as pets. B．Writing stories about them. C．Sharing their photos online. D．Taking pictures with them. 3．What is the main problem quokkas are facing now? A．They haven’t enough food to eat. B．Their populations are getting larger. C．The number of them is becoming smaller. D．They can’t live in the wild by themselves. 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To tell us an animal in danger. B．To introduce a world’s happiest animal. C．To remind readers to protect quokkas. D．To help people know more about quokkas. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了被称为“世界上最快乐的动物”的短尾矮袋鼠，描述其外形、习性，指出它们在网络上受欢迎但野外数量减少，处于易受伤害状态，呼吁人们保护它们。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Found in Western Australia, quokkas are about the size of a small cat...”可知，短尾矮袋鼠来自澳大利亚。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“They are not afraid of people, making it easy for visitors to take pictures with them.”以及第四段“Taking quokka selfies (自拍照) has become a popular tourist activity...”可知，游客喜欢和短尾矮袋鼠拍照。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段“Reports show that quokka populations have been going down because of predators (捕食者) and the reduction of their living places.”可知，短尾矮袋鼠面临的主要问题是数量在减少。故选C。 4．推理判断题。文章介绍了短尾矮袋鼠看似快乐、受欢迎，但实际数量在减少，还提到了罗特尼斯岛为保护它们制定规则，由此可推断作者写作目的是提醒读者保护短尾矮袋鼠。C选项“提醒读者保护短尾矮袋鼠”符合。故选C。 Passage 8 （2025·辽宁大连市·二模）Can Seawater Stop Wildfires? Wildfires swept across Los Angeles for weeks several months ago. Firefighters worked around the clock but faced many problems, including a lack of freshwater. About a week after the fires broke out, planes began to drop seawater on them. Many wondered why seawater wasn’t used in the first place since LA is a coastal city. The simple answer is that seawater won’t be used unless everything else has failed. Here is why. △ There are two main ways to send seawater to a fire, but both are hard. One way is to pump seawater into water tanks (将海水泵入水箱) and move it into fire trucks. This takes a lot of time and work. The other way is to use helicopters and planes. They must fly close to the ocean to fill their water tanks. This can be dangerous if the waves are rough. Damage to equipment (损坏设备) Most firefighting equipment is made from metals (金属), like iron. Seawater can react with these metals and make the equipment rust (生锈的) more quickly. This can cause the equipment to break and even put the firefighters in danger. Harm to the environment Seawater can change the soil and harm the ecosystem. Plants get water through their roots (根). Normally, the salt level in the soil is lower than that in plant root cells. This allows water to move from the soil into the roots. However, seawater can add a lot of salt to the soil. When the soil has a higher level of salt than plant root cells, water runs out of the cells instead of into them. Plants will dry out and die as a result. This change in the soil can last for many years. 1．When was seawater used to stop the wildfires in LA? A．As soon as the fires broke out. B．About a week after the fires broke out. C．One month before the fires were put out. D．About a week before the fires were put out. 2．Which of the following can be put in △ ? A．Efforts in cleaning seawater B．Difficulty in moving seawater C．High cost of sending seawater D．Danger of seawater to firefighters 3．What can seawater do to plants? A．Make them get more water. B．Make them grow well. C．Make them dry out and die. D．Make them change colors. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Using seawater is a good way to fight fires. B．Firefighters must say no to seawater. C．It is cheaper to use freshwater than seawater. D．There’re some risks when using seawater to fight fires. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了用海水扑灭野火的困难及其对设备和环境的危害。 1．细节理解题。根据“About a week after the fires broke out, planes began to drop seawater on them.”可知，大火爆发大约一周后，飞机开始向火势区域投放海水。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据段落内容“There are two main ways to send seawater to a fire, but both are hard.”以及后文对两种方式的描述可知，此处应填入与“运送海水的困难”相关的内容。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Plants will dry out and die as a result.”可知，海水会导致植物干枯死亡。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Seawater can react with these metals and make the equipment rust more quickly.”和“Seawater can change the soil and harm the ecosystem.”以及通读全文可知，使用海水灭火存在一定风险。故选D。 Passage 9 （2025·辽宁大连市·二模） Painted with cool cultural dots Every day at work, I drink water from a teapot with dots (小圆点) all over it. But these aren’t just random (随意的) dots. They are part of the aboriginal Australian dot-painting tradition. The paintings use hundreds of little dots. They come together to make shapes, like animal footprints, the sun or humans. Australia’s aboriginal people don’t have a written language. They paint dots to tell stories about their culture, environment and ancestors (祖先). But they don’t want outsiders to know their special knowledge about the land. So, they “hide” their stories in dots. It’s like a secret code (代码) that only they can completely understand. For example, the aboriginal people paint lots of water holes with dots. These dot-marked water holes help show where to find water in the hot, dry land. And they paint certain patterns (模式) of dots to mark the migration routes of animals. These marked patterns are used to remember the best times and places to hunt. The colors in the paintings are also very important. For example, red often represents the earth and blood while yellow can be used to stand for the sun. Dot painting has a very long history in Australian aboriginal groups. For many, many years, older people have passed down the art to younger people. This way, they can keep their culture alive. Now, more and more people around the world know about dot painting. In Australia and other countries, you can see these paintings in art galleries. People from different places can look at these beautiful paintings and learn about the culture of Australian aboriginal people. I’m not aboriginal, but these paintings hold a special place in my heart. They remind me of home, where I first discovered how art connects us to history and tradition. 1．Why do the aboriginal people use dots in their paintings? A．To sell their paintings for money. B．To share their secrets with outsiders. C．To keep their special knowledge secretly. D．To make art works look more beautiful. 2．What does the color yellow often stand for in dot painting? A．The sun. B．The earth. C．Water holes. D．Animal footprints. 3．Where can people see dot paintings now? A．Only in Australia. B．In art galleries around the world. C．In the school libraries. D．Only in the aboriginal communities. 4．What’s the main purpose of the text? A．To encourage more people to buy dot paintings. B．To introduce dot painting in different places. C．To compare dot painting with modern painting. D．To tell the history and cultural importance of dot painting. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了澳大利亚原住民的点画传统及其文化意义。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But they don’t want outsiders to know their special knowledge about the land. So, they ‘hide’ their stories in dots.”可知，原住民使用点画是为了隐藏关于土地的独特知识，不让外人知晓。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“yellow can be used to stand for the sun”可知，黄色在点画中通常代表太阳。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Now, more and more people around the world know about dot painting. In Australia and other countries, you can see these paintings in art galleries.”可知，点画现在可以在世界各地的艺术画廊中看到。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。全文主要介绍了点画的历史、文化意义及其传播（如通过艺术画廊），目的是让读者了解其文化重要性。根据文章内容可知，D选项最能概括全文主旨。故选D。 Passage 10 （2025·辽宁大连西岗区·一模）Are you having difficulty learning a second language? Now, scientists suggest you exercise while learning. In recent years, many studies have shown that we learn differently if we also exercise. A new study in China has now provided more evidence. It reports that doing exercise during a language class can help people learn more efficiently (有效的). Forty Chinese students who were learning English took part in the study. The scientists divided them into two groups. Those in Group 1 would continue to learn English in traditional classes. The others (Group 2) were asked to exercise while learning. They would ride exercise bicycles for 20 minutes before their English classes. Both groups learned new words by watching them on large screens. Each class taught 40 new words. Then the students rested a bit and took a quiz (测试). The students took eight “special classes” in two months. Those who had ridden exercise bicycles always did better on the quizzes than those who had sat still. Most interestingly, the cyclists (骑行者) seemed to have a longer memory for the new words. The scientists gave the students a final test after the classes. The cyclists remembered more words than the students who had not exercised. Simone Sulpizio is one of the scientists. “The results showed that physical activity during language learning improved that learning,” she said. “We are not suggesting teachers buy lots of exercise bicycles,” Sulpizio continued. “But it’s clear that sitting for hours without moving is not the best way to learn. To study efficiently, we should exercise while learning.” 1．How many students took part in the study? A．20. B．40. C．60 D．80. 2．The underlined word “evidence” probably means ________. A．运动 B．测试 C．记忆 D．证据 3．The scientists took a quiz after the students exercised to find out ________. A．which group was cleverer B．which group was healthier C．if exercising helped with learning D．if the students had difficulty with English study 4．The best title should be ________. A．English is an important tool B．Exercise improves learning C．The difficulty of English study D．Riding a bike is good for health 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了运动有助于语言学习。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“Forty Chinese students who were learning English took part in the study.”可知，有40名学生参与了这项研究。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据文中“It reports that doing exercise during a language class can help people learn more efficiently (有效的).”可知，前文提到很多研究表明学习时进行运动，学习效果不同，新研究进一步提供了支持这一观点的东西，结合后文研究结果可知是提供了“证据”，“evidence”意思是“证据”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文中“Those who had ridden exercise bicycles always did better on the quizzes than those who had sat still... The results showed that physical activity during language learning improved that learning”可知，科学家在学生锻炼后进行测试，是为了弄清楚运动是否有助于学习。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章围绕学习时进行运动展开，通过研究表明运动能提高学习效率，最佳标题要能够概括文章主旨。故选B。 Passage 11 （2025·辽宁大连中山区·一模）Do you have a good memory? Can you remember English words you learnt last week? Or have you forgotten the deadline of your project? Many of us often say “My brain (大脑) doesn’t work well”. Maybe you can try a new way of training your brain—Learn with your team members. “Teamwork makes our brains work better.” The memory expert Jonathan Hancock said, “Being part of a team has many advantages for remembering things.” In his memory research, he finds that the participants (参与者) in a team always behave better than people who work independently. That’s because they have less personal pressure, more time to think over each question. But there’s even more going on according to Canadian researchers. They have shown that our brains get a natural improvement when they’ve got company (陪伴). Their study suggests two reasons. First, when we’re with people who are trying to remember something, we can easily feel that tip-of-the-tongue feeling, so we also want to join in to challenge ourselves. Second, after knowing others can remember things well, we can be encouraged to make it too. To make better use of the power of team learning, you can use the contagion (传染效应) to awaken (唤起) and improve memories. For example, go over new words together with your partners. Believe it or not, you’ll be amazed at your magic memory, Also, you can share the duty together. If you have many tasks to remember, ask your partner to remember the date of school play while you’re in charge of remembering project deadline. In this way, both of you will remember things more easily and deeply. 1．What does Jonathan Hancock find in his memory research? A．People in a team have more personal pressure. B．People working independently have better memories. C．Personal pressure helps people remember things better. D．Team members always behave better than those working alone. 2．According to Canadian researchers, why does our brain get a natural improvement when we have company? A．Because others will help us remember things instead. B．Because we feel less tip-of-the-tongue feeling with others. C．Because we can be easily encouraged by others’ good memory. D．Because we don’t want to challenge ourselves when others are around. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Ideas of learning English new words. B．Ways of sharing memory duty with partners. C．Advice on improving memories by teamwork. D．Research about remembering the deadline of project. 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To introduce the results of some memory research. B．To encourage people to use their brains more often. C．To invite readers to take part in their research to train brains. D．To ask readers to make use of teamwork to improve memories. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了通过团队合作提升记忆力的科学依据和实践方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“In his memory research, he finds that the participants (参与者) in a team always behave better than people who work independently.”可知，团队成员的记忆表现更佳。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Second, after knowing others can remember things well, we can be encouraged to make it too.”可知，他人的良好记忆会激励我们。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据“To make better use of the power of team learning, you can use the contagion (传染效应) to awaken (唤起) and improve memories.”以及“In this way, both of you will remember things more easily and deeply.”并通读本段可知，本段举例说明如何通过合作分工提升记忆，所以本段主要讲述的是团队合作改善记忆的建议。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Maybe you can try a new way of training your brain—Learn with your team members.”并通读全文可知，全文通过研究和实例强调团队学习对记忆的帮助，所以作者应是号召读者利用团队合作改善记忆。故选D。 Passage 12 （2025·辽宁鞍山市·一模）Would you like to make more friends and be a better person in high school? Here is some advice for you to be such a person of good character (性格)。 First, people with a good character do not tell a lie. They always tell the truth and keep their promises. For example, if a child promises his parents to be home on time, he keeps his word, so his parents will trust him next time. Second, being responsible means being glad to take on duties or tasks. It also means being willing to accept the mistakes you have made. A responsible person accepts the results of his or her actions and decisions, whether they are good or bad. Third, learn how to listen to others’ ideas without trying to make them accept yours. Be kind to others like the way you expect others to treat you. Finally, caring means treating others with understanding. Caring people are kind and they care the feelings of others. Try to help others when you can. Change your ways of helping others. A good character is not something you feel or show once in a while. It will last for a long time. By having a good character, you feel good about yourself and are able to make responsible decisions. 1．What do the people with good characters always do according to Paragraph 2? A．Consider their own feelings. B．Try to make others accept their ideas. C．Tell the truth and keep their promises. D．Be good at communicating with others. 2．Which of the following is being responsible? A．Listening to others’ ideas. B．Keeping your promises. C．Helping others as you can. D．Accepting your own mistakes. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Honest people always help others. B．Being fair means treating everyone differently. C．It’s best to talk about your failure with friends. D．Good characters can last for a long time. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To encourage people to be more caring. B．To give information about being responsible. C．To explain the methods to develop a good character. D．To describe the importance of developing a good character. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文提供了一些关于如何成为一个有好品格的人的建议，特别是如何在高中生活中发展自己的人格。文章介绍了诚实、负责任、关心他人等美德，并强调了一个好品格的重要性。 1．细节理解题。 根据第二段“People with a good character do not tell a lie. They always tell the truth and keep their promises.”可知，拥有好品格的人总是讲真话并遵守诺言。故选C。 2．细节理解题。 根据第三段“A responsible person accepts the results of his or her actions and decisions, whether they are good or bad.”以及“It also means being willing to accept the mistakes you have made.”可知，负责任的人会接受自己的决定和行为的结果，包括接受自己所犯的错误。故选D。 3．推理判断题。 根据最后一段“A good character is not something you feel or show once in a while. It will last for a long time.”可知，拥有好品格的人能够长久地保持自己良好的品格，并作出负责的决定。故选D。 4．推理判断题。 根据“Here is some advice for you to be such a person of good character (性格)”和整篇文章的内容可知，文章主要目的是解释如何培养好品格。故选C。 Passage 13 （2025·辽宁鞍山市·二模） The animated film Ne Zha 2 was released on January 29, 2025. It continues the story of Ne Zha and Ao Bing after the “Heavenly Tribulation”. After surviving the “Heavenly Tribulation”, Ne Zha and Ao Bing lost their physical bodies. Taiyi Zhenren saved them with a magical seven-colored lotus (莲花). But their souls began to disappear again. Taiyi Zhenren then decided to rebuild their bodies using some materials from Kunlun Mountain. The film shows great character development. Ne Zha, who was once rebellious (叛逆的), becomes more responsible. He starts to think about the safety of others and tries his best to protect them. Ao Bing, who was always confused about his identity, finally accepts who he is and becomes a confident warrior (勇士). Visually, the movie is a masterpiece (杰作). The scenes of flowing lava, the big sea, and the magical Kunlun Mountain are all beautifully presented. The fight scenes are full of energy and creativity, with the characters using all kinds of amazing weapons (武器). Ne Zha 2 not only provides great entertainment but also shows important messages. It tells us that we should be brave in the face of difficulties, never give up on our dreams, and always like our friends. 1．What happened to Ne Zha and Ao Bing after the “Heavenly Tribulation”? A．They became stronger. B．They lost their physical bodies. C．They got new powers. D．They defeated the dragon. 2．Why did Taiyi Zhenren decide to rebuild Ne Zha’s and Ao Bing’s bodies? A．Because he wanted them to be more responsible. B．Because he got some materials from Kunlun Mountain. C．Because their souls were about to go away. D．Because he had a magical seven-colored lotus. 3．What can we learn about Ne Zha from the film? A．He was always responsible. B．He became more rebellious. C．He learned to care about others. D．He didn’t change at all. 4．The movie mainly wants to tell us_______. ①to follow our dreams                     ②to treasure our friends ③not to be afraid of difficulties             ④to respect our parents A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了动画电影《哪吒2》的剧情发展与视觉艺术成就，强调其传递的积极价值观：直面困境的勇气、友情的珍贵，体现传统文化与现代精神的融合。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“After surviving the ‘Heavenly Tribulation’, Ne Zha and Ao Bing lost their physical bodies.”可知，他们失去了肉身。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“their souls began to disappear again. Taiyi Zhenren then decided to rebuild their bodies...”可知，因灵魂即将消散需重塑身体。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Ne Zha, who was once rebellious (叛逆的), becomes more responsible. He starts to think about the safety of others and tries his best to protect them.”可知，哪吒学会关心他人。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据末段“be brave in the face of difficulties, never give up on our dreams, and always like our friends”可知，这部电影告诉我们，在面对困难时要勇敢，不要放弃自己的梦想，并且要善待我们的朋友。故选A。 Passage 14 （2025·辽宁抚顺市·一模）On January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company named DeepSeek introduced a new AI called DeepSeek-R1. This smart program can do many things, such as solving math problems and answering questions. Many people think DeepSeek-R1 is special because it is not only powerful but also low-cost, which means anyone can use and improve it! DeepSeek-R1 has many advantages. It uses a smart design called the “Mixture-of-Experts” architecture (混合专家架构). This makes DeepSeek-R1 able to do many tasks quickly. It also uses less computing power (计算能力) than some other big AI models, like GPT-40. This means it can run on less powerful computers. Besides, DeepSeek-R1 is really good at understanding both Chinese and English. Whether for Chinese-speaking users or English-speaking users, it can help them write texts in different kinds of styles according to their requirements. How helpful it is! What’s more, DeepSeek-Rl can be very useful for students. It can provide good ideas for their homework, suggest fun ways to study, and help students understand difficult problems. DeepSeek-Rl can also make learning about computers and technology more fun. Students can ask it questions and see how it answers, which might encourage them to explore technology further. DeepSeek-RI shows that innovation. (革新) requires creativity. It marks the rise of China’s technology on the global stage. However, this progress also brings new challenges. The rapid development of such powerful technology means the AI must keep getting better to stay competitive. 1．Many people think Deepseek is special because it is ________. A．more difficult B．new and smart C．less creative D．powerful and low-cost 2．What is the advantage of DeepSeek-R1’s “Mixture-of-Experts” architecture? A．Understanding both Chinese and English. B．Allowing the program to do many tasks quickly. C．Allowing the program to write all kinds of texts. D．Improving the program’s ability to play video games. 3．DeepSeek-R1 can offer students ________ to help with their study according to Paragraph 4. A．nice ideas and fun ways B．more difficult problems C．questions and answers D．computers and technology 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．How to use DeepSeek-R1. B．The development of AI in China. C．The advantages and uses of DeepSeek-R1. D．Differences between DeepSeek-Rl and other AI models. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科技公司DeepSeek推出的AI模型 DeepSeek-R1的特点、优势及其应用场景。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Many people think DeepSeek-R1 is special because it is not only powerful but also low-cost, which means anyone can use and improve it!”可知，很多人认为DeepSeek-R1特别，是因为它不仅功能强大而且成本低。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“It uses a smart design called the ‘Mixture-of-Experts’ architecture. This makes DeepSeek-R1 able to do many tasks quickly.”可知，DeepSeek-R1的“混合专家架构”的优点是使该程序能够快速完成许多任务。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“What’s more, DeepSeek-Rl can be very useful for students. It can provide good ideas for their homework, suggest fun ways to study, and help students understand difficult problems.”可知，DeepSeek-R1可以为学生提供作业的好思路和有趣的学习方法来帮助他们学习。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。综合全文可知，第一段介绍了DeepSeek-R1的基本情况，第二段到第四段分别阐述了它的优势和对学生的帮助等用途；最后一段提到它的意义和面临的挑战；选项C“DeepSeek-R1 的优势和用途”符合文章的主旨。故选C。 Passage 15 （2025·辽宁本溪市·二模） ①Have you ever seen a cat or dog cry? Probably not a real one! That’s because animals can’t really cry. They can make tears, but only humans can cry because of emotion (情感), reported The New York Times. Now let’s learn about our tears and crying. ②Tears come in three types, according to Discover Magazine. Most of the time, our eyes make basal tears (基础性眼泪) to keep them from getting dry. When we cut onions, or when something gets in our eyes, reflex tears (反射性眼泪) pour down to help wash out foreign objects. Then there are emotional tears. They are special because they come from strong feelings, such as sadness and happiness. Emotional tears also have more protein (蛋白质) in them than the ones that come about from cutting onions, said Time magazine. Scientists think the protein makes emotional tears thicker and slower to run down the face. That way, other people can see them more easily. ③Young kids cry a lot, but it’s often just because something happens to them, like falling over or dropping their ice cream. But as we grow up, we cry more because of our feelings for others. “Your world becomes greater, so there are more people who become more important to you,” Ad Vingerhoets, a scientist from Tilburg University in the Netherlands, told The New York Times. ④In human society, crying is a call for help. It quickly lets others see that something is not right, and brings people closer. Crying also helps us calm down and think about difficult things, said Medical News Today. 1．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By showing a dialogue. B．By telling a story. C．By recommending a saying. D．By putting a question. 2．Our reflex tears ________. A．are made most of the time B．help to protect our eyes C．express our strong feelings D．stop our eyes getting dry 3．The last paragraph mainly talks about ________. A．crying is a call for help B．what humans cry for C．how crying helps humans D．crying a lot is harmful 4．How is the passage organized? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, …) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了人类的眼泪以及哭泣如何帮助人类。 1．细节理解题。根据“Have you ever seen a cat or dog cry?”可知作者通过提出问题来开篇。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“When we cut onions, or when something gets in our eyes, reflex tears (反射性眼泪) pour down to help wash out foreign objects.”可知我们的反射性眼泪会冲洗异物，保护我们的眼睛。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。阅读最后一段可知，哭泣是一种求救信号，它可以拉近人与人之间的距离，也有助于我们冷静下来并思考困难的事情，主要介绍了哭泣如何帮助人类。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段通过提出问题来引出关于眼泪和哭泣的话题，第二段介绍了眼泪的三种类型，第三段讲述了不同年龄段人们哭泣的原因，第四段阐述了哭泣对人类的帮助。为总分结构。故选A。 Passage 16 （2025·辽宁本溪市·一模） People often set many alarms to wake themselves up in time. However, this can be unhealthy as it reduces the quality of sleep, said Brandon Peters, a doctor from Virginia Mason Franciscan Health in Seattle, US. A good sleep has four stages. During the first stage, we enter a light sleep. Our body relaxes, and our heart beats more slowly. As we fall deeper into sleep, stage two starts. Our eyes stop moving, and our body temperature becomes lower. Then comes the third stage. It is the deepest sleep and also the hardest to wake up from. Last is the fourth stage. Scientists call it rapid eye movement sleep, or REM sleep. Our eyes move quickly from side to side, both our breathing and our heartbeat pick up. REM sleep is important because most of our dreams take place during it. This helps us deal with our emotions (情绪) and remember the new things that we learn during the day. REM sleep mostly take place in the last hours of a night’s sleep. So, disrupting (扰乱) it with alarms ringing one after another is a bad idea. People should set one alarm only. They can also try alarms that use light, not sound, Alicia Roth at the US Cleveland Clinic told CNN. 1．It’s the hardest for us to wake up during the ________ stage of sleep. A．first B．second C．third D．last 2．The writer mentioned our ________ when explaining “a light sleep”. A．heartbeat B．breathing C．eyes D．temperature 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．It’s a bad idea to try alarms that use light. B．Our body relaxes when we enter REM sleep. C．Sometimes we deal with our emotions in our dreams. D．Most of our dreams take place in the last hour of a night’s sleep. 4．The best title (题目) for the passage is “________”. A．How to have sweet dreams? B．Early to bed, early to rise C．Do we really need alarms? D．Sleep right, wake right 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了睡眠的四个阶段，特别是快速眼动睡眠 (REM睡眠) 的重要性，并指出设置多个闹钟会干扰睡眠质量，建议使用光闹钟代替声音闹钟。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Then comes the third stage. It is the deepest sleep and also the hardest to wake up from.”可知，处于睡眠第三阶段，是最难醒来的阶段。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“During the first stage, we enter a light sleep. Our body relaxes, and our heart beats more slowly.”可知，当提到“浅睡眠”时，作者提到我们的心跳。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“REM sleep is important because most of our dreams take place during it. This helps us deal with our emotions (情绪) and remember the new things that we learn during the day.”可知，我们大部分的梦都出现在快速眼动睡眠过程中，这有助于我们处理自己的情绪。即有时我们在梦中处理自己的情绪。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了睡眠的四个阶段，特别是快速眼动睡眠 (REM睡眠) 的重要性，并指出设置多个闹钟会干扰睡眠质量，建议使用光闹钟代替声音闹钟。故最佳标题为：睡个好觉，醒来迎接美好的一天。故选D。 Passage 17 （2025·辽宁丹东市·二模）There are many different ways to solve a problem. One way is to be creative. People often think creative thinking is just for artists and designers, but this is not true. Dr. Edward de Bono, an expert in creative thinking and problem solving, has shown the world that using creativity to solve problems is very useful in business and in our communities. One example of creative thinking is the solution to a parking problem in a town center. In the areas close to stores, people can only park for 20 minutes. There are parking meters where people pay to park in these areas. However, the problem is that many people leave their cars there for longer than 20 minutes. Dr. Edward de Bono’s solution is to make a rule that all cars parked in these areas must keep their headlights on. Of course, drivers will want to return to their cars before their car batteries (蓄电池) die. To help people think more creatively, Dr. Edward de Bono designed the “Six Thinking Hats” system (系统). The system helps people think about a problem in different ways in order to find a solution. In the system, there are six imaginary hats of different colors. Each hat symbolizes a different way of thinking. For example, the white hat helps people consider the facts. The black hat is the most logical (有逻辑的) and helps people consider why a possible solution may not work. So, next time you have a problem in your community, think about it creatively, from different perspectives, and see what ideas you have. 1．What is the subject of the text? A．Being a creative artist in the community. B．Doing business successfully in the future. C．Asking experts for some useful advice. D．Using creative thinking to solve problems. 2．Why is the example mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To express a result. B．To describe a problem. C．To support the subject. D．To list some numbers. 3．What does the underlined word “perspectives” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Sides. B．Places. C．People. D．Rules. 4．What can we know about the “Six Thinking Hats” system? A．The system is used to help people think quickly. B．The white hat helps people think about the facts. C．The black hat has to do with people's feelings. D．Six hats of different shapes can be very helpful. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了运用创造性思维解决问题。 1．主旨大意题。根据“There are many different ways to solve a problem. One way is to be creative.”全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了运用创造性思维解决问题。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“One example of creative thinking is the solution to a parking problem in a town center.”可知，该例子用于支撑首段提出的主题，即如何运用创造性思维解决问题；故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“So, next time you have a problem in your community, think about it creatively, from different perspectives, and see what ideas you have.”可知，当你在你的社区遇到问题时，从不同的角度创造性地思考它，因此“perspectives”意为“sides方面”；故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“ For example, the white hat helps people consider the facts.”可知，白帽帮助人们考虑事实。故选B。 Passage 18 （2025·辽宁锦州市·二模）The 24 solar terms in China mark the changing seasons and agricultural cycles (农业周期). Among the 24 solar terms,Xiaoman, the eighth solar term, falls between May 20th and May 22nd each year. The nameXiaomanmeans “a little full” in Chinese, showing the fact that the food crops (庄稼) in the field are becoming full, but they are not yet ripe (成熟的). It’s a time when farmers can watch their fields turn golden under the warm sun. They hope to have a good harvest (收成) soon. DuringXiaoman, it gradually changes from spring to summer. The days become longer and hotter, and the rainfall increases, providing the necessary water for food growth. This period is important for farmers, as it can influence the quality of their harvest. A special custom connected withXiaomanis silkworm raising (养蚕). It is an important way to make a living for people who live in the south of the Yangtze River, especially in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Silkworms need to be taken good care of at this time of the year with fresh mulberry (桑树) leaves. It’s also regarded as the best time to cook cocoons (茧) and produce silk. Famous Chinese poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu from the Tang Dynasty all wrote poems that described the silkworm raising activities at this time. Today, it’s popular for Chinese children to raise white silkworms in a paper box, covered with green fresh mulberry leaves. Forthem, raising silkworms is not a way to make a living, but to see the magic of nature. It’s exciting to carefully watch the silkworms grow bigger and bigger, and finally become white cocoons. 1．What does the nameXiaomanmean about crops during this time? A．Crops are fully ripe and harvested. B．Crops need more and more water. C．Crops stop growing and dry up. D．Crops are growing but not yet ripe. 2．Why is rainfall duringXiaomanimportant for farmers? A．It helps cool down the hot weather in summer. B．It provides the necessary water for crop growth. C．It marks the beginning of the planting season. D．It tells the farmers the start of silkworm raising. 3．We can know from Paragraph Four that ________. A．there were a lot of famous poets in the Tang Dynasty. B．silkworm raising was popular duringXiaoshuin history. C．the silkworms need to be looked after well at this time. D．the poets were good at writing different kinds of poems. 4．What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Some farmers. B．Some Chinese children. C．White silkworms. D．Mulberry leaves. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文讲述了中国的二十四节气之一——小满的含义、农事意义及相关习俗。 1．细节理解题。根据“The nameXiaomanmeans ‘a little full’ in Chinese, showing the fact that the food crops (庄稼) in the field are becoming full, but they are not yet ripe (成熟的)”可知，小满时节庄稼正在生长但尚未成熟。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“the rainfall increases, providing the necessary water for food growth”可知，小满时节的降雨为作物生长提供了必需的水分。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Silkworms need to be taken good care of at this time of the year with fresh mulberry (桑树) leaves”可知，蚕在小满的时候需要好好照顾。故选C。 4．词义猜测题。根据前文“it’s popular for Chinese children to raise white silkworms”可知，“them”指代的是“一些中国儿童”。故选B。 Passage 19 （2025·辽宁辽阳市·一模）Nature is amazing! Take a close look at the world of insects, you’ll discover many unbelievable things. Consider butterflies, for example. They have beautiful, colorful wings, and strong, fantastic flying skills. On summer days, you always see them flying freely over flower gardens and wild fields. But do you know how butterflies become the flying insects? It’s one of the amazing wonders of nature. In the beginning, female butterflies lay a small and colorful egg on a leaf of a plant. It’s hard to believe that the egg will become something completely different in a few days. It becomes a walking insect. This insect is called caterpillar. It now has legs, eyes and a large body. A new life has begun. The caterpillar can eat, walk and see. But it is still not a butterfly. Soon, after growing big, the caterpillar makes a cover for itself. It covers itself in the nice protective blanket (保护层) and goes to sleep. This stage is known as the “pupa (蛹)” stage. After a period of time, the blanket breaks and a wet, weak butterfly appears. It now has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings. Shortly, the wings fill with blood, and the beautiful, colorful butterfly spreads its wings and flies away. After a few weeks, this adult butterfly lays her eggs, and the cycle begins all over again.This is just one example of the wonders of nature. Look around the natural world, and you will learn many truly amazing things. 1．What is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．Butterflies are a kind of insect. B．Butterflies are good at flying. C．Butterflies have colorful wings. D．Butterflies have a good sense of smell. 2．What is the right order of the development process (发育过程) of a butterfly? ① It becomes a pupa.                ② It becomes a walking insect. ③ Female butterflies lay an egg.    ④ It spreads wings and flies away. A．①→②→③→④ B．①→②→④→③ C．③→②→①→④ D．③→②→④→① 3．Which of the following best describes a butterfly after the blanket breaks? A．It has legs, eyes and a large body. B．It has four legs, eyes and a mouth. C．It has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings D．It has legs, eyes, a mouth and a large body. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．One Insect, Four Lives B．The Kinds of Butterflies C．One Insect, Different Colors D．The Habits of Butterflies 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述蝴蝶生命中的几个阶段。 1．细节理解题。根据“Take a close look at the world of insects, you’ll discover many unbelievable things. Consider butterflies, for example. They have beautiful, colorful wings, and strong, fantastic flying skills.”可知，第一段提到蝴蝶有美丽多彩的翅膀，以及强大而神奇的飞行技能，选项D“蝴蝶的嗅觉很灵敏”在第一段没有提及。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“In the beginning, female butterflies lay a small and colorful egg on a leaf of a plant.”；“It becomes a walking insect.”；“It covers itself in the nice protective blanket (保护层) and goes to sleep. This stage is known as the ‘pupa (蛹)’ stage.”以及“After a period of time, the blanket breaks and a wet, weak butterfly appears.”可知，蝴蝶的发育顺序为：③雌蝶产卵 → ②卵变成毛毛虫 → ①形成蛹 → ④破蛹成蝶。正确顺序为 ③→②→①→④，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“After a period of time, the blanket breaks and a wet, weak butterfly appears. It now has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings.”可知，蛹破裂后，蝴蝶有“六条腿、嘴、眼睛和翅膀”。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要讲了蝴蝶生命中的四个阶段。选项A“One Insect, Four Lives”最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 Passage 20 （2025·辽宁辽阳市·一模） ________________ Have you ever felt uncomfortable with your stomach when you’ re nervous or excited? This is because there is a close connection between your gut (消化道) and your brain. You have around 200 types of microbes (细菌) in your gut. Healthy microbes help your body fight illnesses and help your brain deal with stress. “So, take care of your gut.” a scientist says. 690 Stop anger with activities A new study aimed at 12,489 people has suggested that the key to reducing anger is not letting it out, but doing calming activities such as yoga. These activities could slow the heart rate (心率). However, scientists also find some ball games and team sports, which are fun or playful, could reduce anger. 569 Show compassion Showing compassion means you understand others’ feelings and treat them with kindness. Scientists have discovered when you show compassion, your brain lets out a feel-good chemical, which helps to reduce stress. It is reported that when other people see you showing compassion, they want to do it, too. 943 1．The best heading for the first piece of news would be ________. A．Focus on your brain B．Microbes in your body C．Look after your gut D．Problems with your stomach 2．It is believed that showing compassion can ________. A．spread to others B．slow your heart rate C．develop your brain D．make people confident 3．What do the three pieces of news have in common? A．They are liked by 690 people. B．They show some research results. C．They help us make more friends. D．They teach us how to face stress. 4．In which part of the website can we read the news? A．PEOPLE B．HEALTH C．FOOD D．SPORTS 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章为三则关于健康的新闻。 1．最佳标题题。根据“Healthy microbes help your body fight illnesses and help your brain deal with stress. “So, take care of your gut.”a scientist says.”可知，本则新闻主要介绍人体消化道中健康的微生物可以帮助你的身体对抗疾病，因此要照顾好消化道。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“It is reported that when other people see you showing compassion, they want to do it, too.”可知，当其他人看到你表现出同情时，他们也想这样做，即同情心可以传播给他人。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“...a scientist says.”、“A new study aimed at 12,489 people has suggested that...”及“Scientists have discovered...”可知，这三则新闻的共同之处是都展示了一些科学研究成果。故选B 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，三则新闻介绍了不同情绪对身体的影响，与人体健康相关，可在健康网站上阅读到相关内容。故选B。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解之说明文 目 录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 2 02·时空导航·网络构建 3 03·题型通关·靶向突破 3 考点一 题型破解 3 文体特点 解释、说明、传递事实性信息；内容客观、语言准确、表达简洁、逻辑关联 选项规律 干扰项特征：同义替换、细节篡改、以偏概全、无中生有、过度推理、反向逻辑、字面意思、范围扩大/缩小 考点二 解题要点 5 题型 1. 细节理解题 2. 主旨大意题 3. 推理判断题 4. 词义猜测题 5. 篇章结构题 6. 观点态度题 04·优题精选·练能提分 9 题型 考查形式 2025年 2024年 阅读理解之说明文 ☑选择题 □非选择题 辽宁卷C篇：科普知识（细节理解2，词义猜测1，主旨大意1） 辽宁卷A篇：人与植物（细节理解3，文章出处1） 考情分析 一、命题特点分析 1. 近两年辽宁省中考统考卷题材聚焦生活常识、日常科普，紧扣时代与生活，和学生生活关联紧密的内容，实现了知识考查与文化、生活引导的结合。 2. 题型以细节题为主，搭配主旨大意、词义猜测。 3. 命题逻辑：命题遵循 “主题聚焦实用价值 + 结构遵循说明逻辑 + 题型锚定核心能力 + 选项设置精准干扰” 的四维命题体系，最终指向对学生 “信息获取、逻辑分析、语境应用” 的综合考查。 4.语言特征：语言设计严格遵循 “科学性、实用性、简洁性” 原则，既贴合说明文 “传递信息、解释说明” 的文体本质，又匹配初中毕业生的英语认知水平，同时服务于中考 “考查信息获取与语言应用能力” 的核心目标。 二、命题思路总结 1. 价值观导向鲜明，兼顾实用性与教育性。既选取他们感兴趣的科技热点、熟悉的生活场景，降低理解门槛；又通过题材的教育意义实现价值引领。 2. 能力层级分明，基础层（细节理解题）考察信息定位与提取的能力，进阶层（词义猜测）考查逻辑推理的能力，高层（主旨大意题）考查主题提炼与价值判断的能力。 3. 素材贴近生活，情境真实鲜活 ：所选题材多是学生熟悉的生活场景，无陌生语境。部分文本还融入文化元素与社会热点，既降低学生阅读障碍，又引导学生关注文化与现实社会。 命题预测 一、主题预测 1. 操作指南、使用手册等实用性强且贴近生活的说明文。 2.本土特色与文化传承：传统技艺、非遗文化等方面。 2. 成长感悟与人际温情：化解矛盾、面对挫折、排解压力、学习方法等方面 4. 时事热点：环保与绿色行动，红色经典活动、高科技成就、国内外赛事等方面。 二、题型预测 ①细节理解题是必考，且考题数量在2-3道，由易到难分布从原文直接获取信息，到用同义词转换或归纳概括细节； ②推理判断题，让考生根据细节推断； ③主旨大意题，常以“What is the passage mainly about?”“What’s the best title?”提问，考查对文章核心的把握； ④词义猜测题，针对文章中某一名词或动词、代词，结合上下文推断含义；。 考点一 题型破解 一、文体特点 说明文的核心功能是“解释、说明、传递事实性信息”，其文体特点围绕“客观、准确、清晰”展开。 1. 内容客观性：无主观情感表达，聚焦“事实、原理、方法、特征”； 2. 语言准确性：① 多用专业术语；② 避免模糊表述，常用数据、具体例子支撑； 3. 表达简洁性：句式以简单句、并列句、定语从句为主，避免复杂修辞（比喻、拟人等），侧重信息传递效率； 4. 逻辑关联性：高频使用连接词（表因果、递进、转折、列举），使文章逻辑清晰、层次分明。 说明文的结构围绕“说明对象→相关信息（特征/原理/方法/影响）→总结/建议”展开。高频结构主要有： 1. 总分结构：总段（提出说明对象，概括核心特征/目的）→ 分点段（从不同角度展开说明，每段围绕一个分论点）； 2. 总分总结构：总段（引出说明对象，提出核心观点）→ 分点段（用事实、数据、例子支撑观点）→ 总结段（呼应开头，强化核心或给出展望）； 3. 递进结构：围绕说明对象，按“现象→原因→影响→解决方案”或“定义→特点→应用→发展”的顺序逐步深入，层层递进。 4. 对比结构：通过对比两个或多个说明对象，突出其中一个的特征或优势。 命题分布：细节理解题占比最高：这类题目在说明文阅读中占比达50%左右，是命题核心。题目多要求学生定位具体信息。推理判断题与主旨大意题次之。推理判断题需学生基于文本信息推导隐含内容；主旨大意题则常以选标题、概括核心内容的形式出现，且部分题目不会直接给出主旨，易成为错题点。词义猜测题：多借助上下文语境设置题目。让学生推测生词或熟词生义，以此考察学生结合语境理解词汇的能力。 难度分析：大部分细节理解题属于定位即可作答，难度较低。这类题目题干关键词明确，如数字、专有名词等，学生可快速在原文中找到对应语句，无需深入分析。词义猜测题和部分推理判断题不能仅靠单一语句得出答案，要结合前后文逻辑或段落关系推导。推测与语境关联紧密的生词含义，或是归纳段落小标题的推断题，需要学生具备一定的语境分析和信息整合能力，容易出现因理解片面而失分的情况。 主旨大意题考察对全文的整体把握，干扰项具有很强的迷惑性，易让学生陷入“以偏概全”的误区。 二、选项规律 干扰项特征 释义 同义替换陷阱 用近义但不符的词汇替换，导致语义偏差； 细节篡改陷阱 保留关键词，篡改数字、范围、修饰词等核心信息； 以偏概全陷阱 用局部细节或分论点代替全文主旨； 无中生有陷阱 添加原文未提及的主体、动作、逻辑或极端要求； 过度推理陷阱 使用“最、绝对、一定、必须”等极端词汇，超出原文范围； 反向逻辑陷阱 与原文语义或逻辑关系直接相反； 字面意思陷阱 忽略熟词生义的语境需求，仅取表面含义； 范围扩大/缩小陷阱 超出或缩小原文说明对象的边界。 考点二 解题要点 一、细节理解题 1. 解题步骤 第一步：圈画题干关键词； 第二步：回原文定位对应段落；注意选项与原文的同义替换 第三步：核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。 2. 解题原则 点对点匹配原则：选项需与原文细节一一对应，无语义增减或偏差，拒绝 “模糊对应”。 关键词优先原则：优先通过题干关键词定位，避免通读全文浪费时间，提高解题效率。 客观验证原则：答案需有原文明确依据，不依赖主观猜测，即使选项 “看似合理” 但无原文支撑，也需排除。 【典例】 China has become the world’s largest producer and market of EVs (电车). According to a report, 9.49 million were sold in China in 2023, and 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口). 1．How many Chinese-made EVs were sold all over the world in 2023? A．1.2 million. B．9.49 million. C．8.29 million. D．10.69 million. 【解析】 根据题干中的关键信息“How many/sold/2023”定位到第二句中的“9.49 million were sold in China in 2023, and 1.2 million EVs were exported”,可知2023年中国国内销售949万辆，出口120万辆，全球总销量为两者之和为。故选 D。 2、 主旨大意题 1. 解题步骤 第一步：结构梳理：快速通读首尾段及各段首句，明确说明文结构，提炼核心说明对象； 第二步：总结各段分论点，整合为 “说明对象 + 核心内容” 的完整语义； 第三步： 排除 “含具体细节、范围过宽、以偏概全、偏离主题” 的选项，聚焦概括性强、覆盖全文的选项； 第四步：核对选项与首尾段主旨句是否同义替换，确保选项未遗漏核心维度。 2.解题原则： 全文覆盖原则：正确答案需涵盖说明对象及所有核心分论点，不局限于某一段落的局部信息。 简洁概括原则：选项语言需简洁抽象，不含具体数据、例子、专业术语等细节性内容。 首尾呼应原则：优先选择与首尾段主旨句语义一致的选项，符合辽宁中考说明文 “总分总” 结构的命题规律。 【典例】There are many different ways to solve a problem. One way is to be creative. People often think creative thinking is just for artists and designers, but this is not true. Dr. Edward de Bono, an expert in creative thinking and problem solving, has shown the world that using creativity to solve problems is very useful in business and in our communities. 1．What is the subject of the text? A．Being a creative artist in the community. B．Doing business successfully in the future. C．Asking experts for some useful advice. D．Using creative thinking to solve problems. 【解析】根据题干中的关键信息，需概括主旨大意。定位到第一、二句“There are many different ways to solve a problem. One way is to be creative.”可知，本文主要讲述了运用创造性思维解决问题。故选D。 三、推理判断题 1. 解题步骤 第一步： 逻辑定位：圈画题干关键词，定位原文相关语句及上下文逻辑关系（因果、转折、递进、对比等），标注逻辑连接词（however、so、therefore、besides）； 第二步： 合理推导：基于原文明确信息进行延伸，推导隐含语义，不添加无依据的主观判断； 第三步： 选项甄别：排除 “直接复述原文（非推理）、过度推理（含极端词汇）、反向推理（与逻辑相反）、无依据联想” 的选项； 第四步： 语境契合：确保答案符合文章主题和段落逻辑，不与原文任何信息冲突，保持客观中立。 2. 解题原则 适度推理原则：推理需 “基于原文、不超范围”，拒绝 “夸大事实”“主观臆断”“绝对化表述”。 逻辑一致原则：答案需体现原文的因果、转折等逻辑关系，不能脱离上下文逻辑孤立判断。 隐含信息原则：正确答案是原文未直接表述但必然成立的隐含信息，而非原文语句的简单重复。 【典例】④The chances of elephants being left-trunked or right-trunked are about 50:50. This is very different from people. For us, the chances of being left-handed or right-handed are about 10:90, according to CBS News. And for other animals such as kangaroos, the chances are about 95:5. This is interesting, isn’t it? 2．About ________ out of every 50 elephants are left-trunked. A．5 B．25 C．45 D．48 【解析】 根据题干中的关键信息 “out of every 50 elephants are left-trunked”定位到第四段“The chances of elephants being left-trunked or right-trunked are about 50:50.”可推知，大象有左鼻或右鼻的可能性为50:50，故推测每50头大象中大约有25个左鼻。故选B。 四、词义猜测题 1. 解题步骤 第一步：语境定位：找到生词所在语句及前后 1-2 句，标注上下文逻辑关系或解释性语句； 第二步：语义推导：根据逻辑关系推导词义 ，结合文章主题锁定语义方向； 第三步：选项排除：排除 “字面意思（熟词生义题）、与上下文无关、语义矛盾” 的选项，聚焦与语境逻辑一致的选项。 第四步：代入验证：将锁定的答案代入原文，检查语句是否通顺、语义是否连贯，确保无逻辑冲突。 2. 解题原则 语境优先原则：词义由上下文语境决定，优先通过逻辑关系和解释性语句推导。 主题契合原则：猜测的词义需贴合文章主题。 逻辑关联原则：紧扣转折、并列、因果等逻辑关系，确保推导的词义与前后文语义一致，无矛盾。 【典例】The system helps people think about a problem in different ways in order to find a solution. In the system, there are six imaginary hats of different colors. ......So, next time you have a problem in your community, think about it creatively, from different perspectives, and see what ideas you have. 3．What does the underlined word “perspectives” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Sides. B．Places. C．People. D．Rules. 【解析】 根据题干关键信息可定位到尾段“So, next time you have a problem in your community, think about it creatively, from different perspectives, and see what ideas you have.”可知，当你在你的社区遇到问题时，从不同的角度创造性地思考它，因此“perspectives”意为“sides方面”；故选A。 5、 篇章结构题 1. 解题步骤 第一步：预判结构 —— 通读 “首尾段 + 各段首句”； 第二步：验证结构 —— 梳理段间逻辑与段落功能； 第三步：匹配选项 —— 对比特征，排除干扰； 第四步：复核确认 —— 回归文本，验证一致性。 2.解题原则 结构特征优先原则：紧扣说明文 “客观说明、逻辑清晰” 的本质，优先通过 “首尾段特征、连接词、段落中心句” 识别结构类型，拒绝依赖主观语感。 逻辑关系匹配原则：段间/句间逻辑需与选项表述一致，重点关注 “连接词信号”。 功能对应原则：段落/句子功能需贴合其核心内容，不脱离文本核心信息。 排除干扰原则：排除 “局部细节覆盖全文结构”“逻辑关系颠倒”“无连接词支撑” 的干扰项，聚焦与文本特征高度契合的选项。 【典例】① Have you ever heard of snakebots? They are robots that copy the actions of real snakes. Snakebots are an example of the science of biomimicry (仿生学). ...to copy nature to solve problems. ② Scientists studied snakes’ bodies, then built robots that copy their movements to do many jobs. ③ Snakebots can go to some places that are too small, dangerous, or difficult for people to reach. ④ Other types of snakebots help doctors perform operations. ⑤ As scientists continue to develop snakebots, people will continue to find more uses for this top technology. 4．How is the text organized? (① = Paragraph 1, ② = Paragraph 2 ...) A． B． C． D． 【解析】 通读全文可知，第一段引入蛇形机器人和仿生学的概念；第二段描述蛇形机器人如何模仿蛇的动作；第三、四段介绍了蛇形机器人在救援中的应用、在医疗和其他领域的应用。第五段总结蛇形机器人的未来发展。故第一、二段为总述；第三、四段阐述具体的应用；第五段总结。故选D。 6、 观点态度题 1. 解题步骤 第一步：题干定位 —— 锁定 “态度主体”，避免偏离方向； 第二步：原文扫描 —— 抓取 “态度信号词”，排除无关信息； 第三步：选项辨析 —— 匹配信号词，排除 “干扰项”； 第四步：验证复盘 —— 回归主旨，确保态度与主旨一致。 2.解题原则 “客观优先” 原则：说明文的核心是 “传递信息、解释说明”，作者通常保持客观中立或 “温和正向”，不会表达强烈的个人情感。 “信号词为主、极端必删” 原则：所有态度判断必须基于原文信号词，不能凭 “个人常识” 或 “生活经验” 推断。 【典例】EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 4．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the future of China’s EV industry? A．Uncertain. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. D．Worried. 【解析】 根据题干关键信息可定位到末段总结句，根据“EVs are the way of the future...It is very likely that China will hold the lead”可知，作者对中国电动汽车行业的未来持乐观态度。故选B。 Passage 1 （2025·辽宁·中考真题）We have many ways to get close to nature, such as dancing in the rain, stepping on fallen leaves or digging in the soil, but my favourite is walking barefoot (赤脚). Walking barefoot can be enjoyable and helpful. It can help us sleep better and feel rested in mind and body. It can also build our foot muscles (肌肉) and improve our balance. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, walking barefoot can be good for our health. When you want to try walking barefoot, there’s no need to hurry. At first, walking barefoot for 10 minutes can be fine. After that, add 5 minutes every day until you can walk for 20 to 30 minutes. If your feet hurt, take a break or curtail the time. Walking barefoot, however, isn’t always safe. People with health problems like flat feet or back pain should avoid this practice. What’s more, walking barefoot in cold or wet environments might cause health problems. To make walking barefoot safe, remember the following points: ·Choose safe places, like soft grass or warm sand. ·Stay away from things like rocks or broken glass. ·Keep shoes at hand if you worry that your feet will get too sore. ·Listen to your body—stop if you feel pain or discomfort. Walking barefoot is a great way to feel connected with nature, but it’s important to stay safe and consider your own health condition. 1．Which of the following is the writer’s favourite way to get close to nature? A．Dancing in the rain. B．Stepping on fallen leaves. C．Digging in the soil. D．Walking without shoes on. 2．What does the underlined word “curtail” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Tell. B．Make. C．Value. D．Reduce. 3．According to the text, remember to ________ when you are walking barefoot. A．try a cold surface B．practice on hard rocks C．find a safe place D．walk in wet environments 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The introduction to health problems. B．The suggestions on outdoor activities. C．The information about walking barefoot. D．The effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Passage 2 （2024·辽宁·中考真题）We’re plants. Give us your care and we will bring joy to you. Please take us home, will you? PLANTS Get to know us Flowers We bring bright colors! Houseplants We are green and light up rooms! Succulents (多肉植物) We don’t need much care! Vegetables How about home-grown food? Give us a home We can live in a pot. It can be put near a window, by a sofa or under a tree. Placing us on a wall will bring you much fun. We love it, too. Care for us Spring We may need fertilizers (化肥). Summer We hate harmful insects. Autumn We need less water. Winter Give us a larger home if necessary. 1．According to the text, ________ don’t need much care. A．flowers B．houseplants C．succulents D．vegetables 2．It’s fun to put a pot of plants ________. A．on a wall B．by a sofa C．near a window D．under a tree 3．Plants need to be protected from harmful insects, especially in ________. A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter 4．Which part of a magazine is the text most probably taken from? A．Art. B．Life. C．Sports. D．History. Passage 3 （2025·辽宁沈阳和平区·二模）Friendships are wonderful, but sometimes friends argue with each other. Maybe it can be hard to know what to do in such situations, we have some advice for you. Make up with your friend To make up with a friend after an argument, it’s important to talk things out with your friend: ●Set a time to talk-When you and your friend are both calm, set a time to talk. ●Be open—Let your friend share his or her feelings and thoughts. ●Apologize—Say you’re sorry if you said or did anything wrong in the argument. ●Fix things together—Discuss how to stop such situations from happening again. Change yourself When a friendship doesn’t go well, you may feel sad or angry. Here are some ways to deal with these feelings: It’s OK to be sad. Take care of yourself. Be polite and respectful. Keep yourself busy. Try something new. Talk to someone about how you feel. 1．The text is about how to ________. A．fix problems with friends B．stop arguing with parents C．make new friends at school D．keep happy in our daily life 2．When should you talk to your friend after an argument according to the text? A．Before we leave school. B．When both of us are calm. C．After I talk with my teachers. D．As soon as the argument finishes. 3．We should ________ if we feel sad or angry after an argument with a friend. A．find out others’ mistakes B．end the friendship at once C．take up some new hobbies D．keep the feelings to ourselves 4．In which part of a magazine can we find the text? A．Nature. B．Sports. C．Communication. D．History. Passage 4 （2025·辽宁沈阳沈北新区·二模）Nov 9 is National Fire Safety Day. Here are some tips for you in case a fire breaks out. When you smell smoke or see fire, shout “Fire!” as loudly as you can. Get help from your parents or call 119. Give them your location, and follow their instructions. Do not try to put out the fire yourself. Get out of the room as soon as possible. Don’t try to take anything with you. A fire can become fierce (凶猛的) in a few seconds. If there is a lot of smoke in your room, keep your head and body close to the floor. There is less smoke lower down, so it’s easier to breathe and see where you are going. If the door handle (把手) is really hot, do not open the door. Try to find a different way out. Never use the lift during a fire. Always use the stairs. The lift may stop working, and you could get trapped (被困) inside it. If you can’t get out of your room, close the door and put a blanket at the foot of the door to stop smoke from coming in. Open the window and shout or wave something like a flashlight or item of clothing from the window. Close the window if smoke enters. Don’t hide under the bed or anywhere else. Stay by the window, close to the floor. If your clothes catch fire, don’t run, because moving around will make the fire even bigger. Drop to the ground, and then roll from side to side to put out the fire. Finally, remember to stay calm no matter what happens. This will help you to make smart decisions in an emergency. 1．What should you first do if you smell smoke or see fire in your building? A．Call your friends. B．Cry out for help loudly. C．Use the lift to leave the building. D．Try to put out the fire yourself. 2．Which is the right action if there is a lot of smoke in your room? A．B． C． D． 3．What must you do whatever happens in a big fire according to the text? A．Stop walking and hide under the bed. B．Drop to the ground and then roll. C．Keep calm and make clever decisions. D．Open the window and get out of the room first. 4．What is the main purpose of writing the text? A．To tell us the dangers of home fires. B．To teach kids how to put out a fire. C．To share information about fire safety. D．To ask the public to protect kids better. Passage 5 （2025·辽宁沈阳大东区·二模）“For thousands of years, humans have raced to be the first… Now, in some cases, we’re racing to be the last,” said The New York Times’ Paige McClanahan. This is the spirit at the heart of last-chance tourism, a rising industry. Last-chance tourism is about seeing the last of something. Rising temperatures and water levels mean that we may never get another opportunity to see certain islands, glaciers (冰川), animals, and so on before they disappear. This may sound sad, but some people are using last-chance tourism as an opportunity to spread environmental awareness. One example is “the Sea of Ice” in Chamonix, France. The Chamonix ski resort (度假村) opened a glacier museum in 2012 called the Glaciorium. There tourists can learn about glaciers and how climate change influences places like “the Sea of Ice”. This effort seems to be having an influence. A 2023 survey showed that 80 percent of visitors would “try to learn more about the environment and how to protect it”. But last-chance tourism may be speeding up the effects of climate change. As more people rush to endangered nature places, they create a bigger and bigger carbon footprint (碳足迹), leading to the destruction (破坏) of the places in the end. Just as many experts have said, “Last-chance tourism is a paradox (悖论).” At the end of the day, we should not just understand the need to stop climate change. 1．Why do people go for the last-chance tourism besides seeing the last of something? A．To enjoy themselves in the Glaciorium. B．To spread environmental awareness. C．To find out “the Sea of Ice” in France. D．To take part in the survey in 2023. 2．How do tourists destroy the places in their last-chance tourism? A．They speed up the effects of climate change. B．They go to more endangered nature places. C．They disagree with many experts’ point of view. D．They create a bigger and bigger carbon footprint. 3．What is the author’s conclusion (结论) that we can get from the text? A．The last-chance tourism is already a rising industry. B．Tourists have learned how to protect the environment. C．It is more important to avoid making climate worse. D．McClanahan reported an article in The New York Times. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Getting an opportunity to islands B．Rushing to see it before it’s gone C．Showing care and love for nature D．Making an effort to make it safe Passage 6 （2025·辽宁沈阳市·一模）①In the Yellow River Basin (流域), scientists studied how human activities influence nature. They looked at the area from 2001 to 2020 and found some interesting results. Though human activities increased in 66.3% of the area, the quality of nature actually got improved by 22.61%. That is to say with the right actions, we can better nature even when there are more people and more human activities. ②One interesting finding was that some farmland was turned back into natural land. Because of the government’s nature-friendly program “Grain for Green”, people are encouraged to plant more trees and grass instead of growing crops. This added 15.994 square kilometers of natural land. The change helped to make the air fresher, the water cleaner, and the homes for animals better. ③Another interesting finding was that 45.88% of the area had both more human activities and better nature at the same time. This proves that humans and nature can develop together if humans make good choices, such as recycling rubbish and saving energy. ④The study showed that the wild nature in 33.7% of the Yellow River Basin also improved a lot. People started wetland protection activities and the area of wetland became 8.3square kilometers larger. Many endangered birds came to live and some fish swam back. ⑤In a word, only by carrying out eco-friendly activities and making good use of environment can humans and nature live in harmony (和谐). 1．How does the writer show the results of the study in the first paragraph? A．By telling a story. B．By giving an example. C．By listing numbers. D．By explaining reasons. 2．What can we know about the “Grain for Green” program from the text? A．It centered on planting more trees and grass to feed animals. B．It made a very big difference in helping to protect the nature. C．It increased the amount of farmland and made the air cleaner. D．It caused more pollution but helped animals find better homes. 3．How is the text organized? (①= Paragraph 1; ②= Paragraph 2……) A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following can be the best title (标题) for the text? A．Human Activities and Improving Nature B．Scientific Studies and Important Findings C．The Best Ways to Protect Nature in China D．The Best Actions in the Yellow River Basin Passage 7 （2025·辽宁大连市·一模） With their cute “smiles” and photo-ready poses, quokkas (短尾矮袋鼠) are often called the “world’s happiest animals”. But are they really as happy as they seem? Found in Western Australia, quokkas are about the size of a small cat and look like a smaller, rounder type of their cousin, the kangaroo. They have small faces with large eyes and round ears, and they are famous for looking like they’ re always smiling. While the quokkas’ “smile” is just a result of the shape of their mouths, they do have a friendly nature. They are not afraid of people, making it easy for visitors to take pictures with them. Taking quokka selfies (自拍照) has become a popular tourist activity on Rottnest Island, home to the world’s largest quokka population. Hundreds of thousands of quokka selfies have been shared on the Internet. Although these animals are doing well online, it’s a different story in the wild. Quokkas are listed as vulnerable (易受伤害的) by the Western Australian Threatened Species Scientific Committee (委员会). Today, there are thought to be around 10, 000 quokkas living on Rottnest Island, with a few smaller populations living on mainland Western Australia. Reports show that quokka populations have been going down because of predators (捕食者) and the reduction of their living places. For those visiting Rottnest Island, there are rules in place to help protect the quokka population. Visitors can’t feed or touch the quokkas, or they may pay fines of up to about $7,000. 1．Quokkas come from ________. A．the US B．Australia C．India D．Africa 2．What do visitors like doing with quokkas? A．Keeping them as pets. B．Writing stories about them. C．Sharing their photos online. D．Taking pictures with them. 3．What is the main problem quokkas are facing now? A．They haven’t enough food to eat. B．Their populations are getting larger. C．The number of them is becoming smaller. D．They can’t live in the wild by themselves. 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To tell us an animal in danger. B．To introduce a world’s happiest animal. C．To remind readers to protect quokkas. D．To help people know more about quokkas. Passage 8 （2025·辽宁大连市·二模）Can Seawater Stop Wildfires? Wildfires swept across Los Angeles for weeks several months ago. Firefighters worked around the clock but faced many problems, including a lack of freshwater. About a week after the fires broke out, planes began to drop seawater on them. Many wondered why seawater wasn’t used in the first place since LA is a coastal city. The simple answer is that seawater won’t be used unless everything else has failed. Here is why. △ There are two main ways to send seawater to a fire, but both are hard. One way is to pump seawater into water tanks (将海水泵入水箱) and move it into fire trucks. This takes a lot of time and work. The other way is to use helicopters and planes. They must fly close to the ocean to fill their water tanks. This can be dangerous if the waves are rough. Damage to equipment (损坏设备) Most firefighting equipment is made from metals (金属), like iron. Seawater can react with these metals and make the equipment rust (生锈的) more quickly. This can cause the equipment to break and even put the firefighters in danger. Harm to the environment Seawater can change the soil and harm the ecosystem. Plants get water through their roots (根). Normally, the salt level in the soil is lower than that in plant root cells. This allows water to move from the soil into the roots. However, seawater can add a lot of salt to the soil. When the soil has a higher level of salt than plant root cells, water runs out of the cells instead of into them. Plants will dry out and die as a result. This change in the soil can last for many years. 1．When was seawater used to stop the wildfires in LA? A．As soon as the fires broke out. B．About a week after the fires broke out. C．One month before the fires were put out. D．About a week before the fires were put out. 2．Which of the following can be put in △ ? A．Efforts in cleaning seawater B．Difficulty in moving seawater C．High cost of sending seawater D．Danger of seawater to firefighters 3．What can seawater do to plants? A．Make them get more water. B．Make them grow well. C．Make them dry out and die. D．Make them change colors. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Using seawater is a good way to fight fires. B．Firefighters must say no to seawater. C．It is cheaper to use freshwater than seawater. D．There’re some risks when using seawater to fight fires. Passage 9 （2025·辽宁大连市·二模） Painted with cool cultural dots Every day at work, I drink water from a teapot with dots (小圆点) all over it. But these aren’t just random (随意的) dots. They are part of the aboriginal Australian dot-painting tradition. The paintings use hundreds of little dots. They come together to make shapes, like animal footprints, the sun or humans. Australia’s aboriginal people don’t have a written language. They paint dots to tell stories about their culture, environment and ancestors (祖先). But they don’t want outsiders to know their special knowledge about the land. So, they “hide” their stories in dots. It’s like a secret code (代码) that only they can completely understand. For example, the aboriginal people paint lots of water holes with dots. These dot-marked water holes help show where to find water in the hot, dry land. And they paint certain patterns (模式) of dots to mark the migration routes of animals. These marked patterns are used to remember the best times and places to hunt. The colors in the paintings are also very important. For example, red often represents the earth and blood while yellow can be used to stand for the sun. Dot painting has a very long history in Australian aboriginal groups. For many, many years, older people have passed down the art to younger people. This way, they can keep their culture alive. Now, more and more people around the world know about dot painting. In Australia and other countries, you can see these paintings in art galleries. People from different places can look at these beautiful paintings and learn about the culture of Australian aboriginal people. I’m not aboriginal, but these paintings hold a special place in my heart. They remind me of home, where I first discovered how art connects us to history and tradition. 1．Why do the aboriginal people use dots in their paintings? A．To sell their paintings for money. B．To share their secrets with outsiders. C．To keep their special knowledge secretly. D．To make art works look more beautiful. 2．What does the color yellow often stand for in dot painting? A．The sun. B．The earth. C．Water holes. D．Animal footprints. 3．Where can people see dot paintings now? A．Only in Australia. B．In art galleries around the world. C．In the school libraries. D．Only in the aboriginal communities. 4．What’s the main purpose of the text? A．To encourage more people to buy dot paintings. B．To introduce dot painting in different places. C．To compare dot painting with modern painting. D．To tell the history and cultural importance of dot painting. Passage 10 （2025·辽宁大连西岗区·一模）Are you having difficulty learning a second language? Now, scientists suggest you exercise while learning. In recent years, many studies have shown that we learn differently if we also exercise. A new study in China has now provided more evidence. It reports that doing exercise during a language class can help people learn more efficiently (有效的). Forty Chinese students who were learning English took part in the study. The scientists divided them into two groups. Those in Group 1 would continue to learn English in traditional classes. The others (Group 2) were asked to exercise while learning. They would ride exercise bicycles for 20 minutes before their English classes. Both groups learned new words by watching them on large screens. Each class taught 40 new words. Then the students rested a bit and took a quiz (测试). The students took eight “special classes” in two months. Those who had ridden exercise bicycles always did better on the quizzes than those who had sat still. Most interestingly, the cyclists (骑行者) seemed to have a longer memory for the new words. The scientists gave the students a final test after the classes. The cyclists remembered more words than the students who had not exercised. Simone Sulpizio is one of the scientists. “The results showed that physical activity during language learning improved that learning,” she said. “We are not suggesting teachers buy lots of exercise bicycles,” Sulpizio continued. “But it’s clear that sitting for hours without moving is not the best way to learn. To study efficiently, we should exercise while learning.” 1．How many students took part in the study? A．20. B．40. C．60 D．80. 2．The underlined word “evidence” probably means ________. A．运动 B．测试 C．记忆 D．证据 3．The scientists took a quiz after the students exercised to find out ________. A．which group was cleverer B．which group was healthier C．if exercising helped with learning D．if the students had difficulty with English study 4．The best title should be ________. A．English is an important tool B．Exercise improves learning C．The difficulty of English study D．Riding a bike is good for health Passage 11 （2025·辽宁大连中山区·一模）Do you have a good memory? Can you remember English words you learnt last week? Or have you forgotten the deadline of your project? Many of us often say “My brain (大脑) doesn’t work well”. Maybe you can try a new way of training your brain—Learn with your team members. “Teamwork makes our brains work better.” The memory expert Jonathan Hancock said, “Being part of a team has many advantages for remembering things.” In his memory research, he finds that the participants (参与者) in a team always behave better than people who work independently. That’s because they have less personal pressure, more time to think over each question. But there’s even more going on according to Canadian researchers. They have shown that our brains get a natural improvement when they’ve got company (陪伴). Their study suggests two reasons. First, when we’re with people who are trying to remember something, we can easily feel that tip-of-the-tongue feeling, so we also want to join in to challenge ourselves. Second, after knowing others can remember things well, we can be encouraged to make it too. To make better use of the power of team learning, you can use the contagion (传染效应) to awaken (唤起) and improve memories. For example, go over new words together with your partners. Believe it or not, you’ll be amazed at your magic memory, Also, you can share the duty together. If you have many tasks to remember, ask your partner to remember the date of school play while you’re in charge of remembering project deadline. In this way, both of you will remember things more easily and deeply. 1．What does Jonathan Hancock find in his memory research? A．People in a team have more personal pressure. B．People working independently have better memories. C．Personal pressure helps people remember things better. D．Team members always behave better than those working alone. 2．According to Canadian researchers, why does our brain get a natural improvement when we have company? A．Because others will help us remember things instead. B．Because we feel less tip-of-the-tongue feeling with others. C．Because we can be easily encouraged by others’ good memory. D．Because we don’t want to challenge ourselves when others are around. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Ideas of learning English new words. B．Ways of sharing memory duty with partners. C．Advice on improving memories by teamwork. D．Research about remembering the deadline of project. 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To introduce the results of some memory research. B．To encourage people to use their brains more often. C．To invite readers to take part in their research to train brains. D．To ask readers to make use of teamwork to improve memories. Passage 12 （2025·辽宁鞍山市·一模）Would you like to make more friends and be a better person in high school? Here is some advice for you to be such a person of good character (性格)。 First, people with a good character do not tell a lie. They always tell the truth and keep their promises. For example, if a child promises his parents to be home on time, he keeps his word, so his parents will trust him next time. Second, being responsible means being glad to take on duties or tasks. It also means being willing to accept the mistakes you have made. A responsible person accepts the results of his or her actions and decisions, whether they are good or bad. Third, learn how to listen to others’ ideas without trying to make them accept yours. Be kind to others like the way you expect others to treat you. Finally, caring means treating others with understanding. Caring people are kind and they care the feelings of others. Try to help others when you can. Change your ways of helping others. A good character is not something you feel or show once in a while. It will last for a long time. By having a good character, you feel good about yourself and are able to make responsible decisions. 1．What do the people with good characters always do according to Paragraph 2? A．Consider their own feelings. B．Try to make others accept their ideas. C．Tell the truth and keep their promises. D．Be good at communicating with others. 2．Which of the following is being responsible? A．Listening to others’ ideas. B．Keeping your promises. C．Helping others as you can. D．Accepting your own mistakes. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Honest people always help others. B．Being fair means treating everyone differently. C．It’s best to talk about your failure with friends. D．Good characters can last for a long time. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To encourage people to be more caring. B．To give information about being responsible. C．To explain the methods to develop a good character. D．To describe the importance of developing a good character. Passage 13 （2025·辽宁鞍山市·二模） The animated film Ne Zha 2 was released on January 29, 2025. It continues the story of Ne Zha and Ao Bing after the “Heavenly Tribulation”. After surviving the “Heavenly Tribulation”, Ne Zha and Ao Bing lost their physical bodies. Taiyi Zhenren saved them with a magical seven-colored lotus (莲花). But their souls began to disappear again. Taiyi Zhenren then decided to rebuild their bodies using some materials from Kunlun Mountain. The film shows great character development. Ne Zha, who was once rebellious (叛逆的), becomes more responsible. He starts to think about the safety of others and tries his best to protect them. Ao Bing, who was always confused about his identity, finally accepts who he is and becomes a confident warrior (勇士). Visually, the movie is a masterpiece (杰作). The scenes of flowing lava, the big sea, and the magical Kunlun Mountain are all beautifully presented. The fight scenes are full of energy and creativity, with the characters using all kinds of amazing weapons (武器). Ne Zha 2 not only provides great entertainment but also shows important messages. It tells us that we should be brave in the face of difficulties, never give up on our dreams, and always like our friends. 1．What happened to Ne Zha and Ao Bing after the “Heavenly Tribulation”? A．They became stronger. B．They lost their physical bodies. C．They got new powers. D．They defeated the dragon. 2．Why did Taiyi Zhenren decide to rebuild Ne Zha’s and Ao Bing’s bodies? A．Because he wanted them to be more responsible. B．Because he got some materials from Kunlun Mountain. C．Because their souls were about to go away. D．Because he had a magical seven-colored lotus. 3．What can we learn about Ne Zha from the film? A．He was always responsible. B．He became more rebellious. C．He learned to care about others. D．He didn’t change at all. 4．The movie mainly wants to tell us_______. ①to follow our dreams                     ②to treasure our friends ③not to be afraid of difficulties             ④to respect our parents A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ Passage 14 （2025·辽宁抚顺市·一模）On January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company named DeepSeek introduced a new AI called DeepSeek-R1. This smart program can do many things, such as solving math problems and answering questions. Many people think DeepSeek-R1 is special because it is not only powerful but also low-cost, which means anyone can use and improve it! DeepSeek-R1 has many advantages. It uses a smart design called the “Mixture-of-Experts” architecture (混合专家架构). This makes DeepSeek-R1 able to do many tasks quickly. It also uses less computing power (计算能力) than some other big AI models, like GPT-40. This means it can run on less powerful computers. Besides, DeepSeek-R1 is really good at understanding both Chinese and English. Whether for Chinese-speaking users or English-speaking users, it can help them write texts in different kinds of styles according to their requirements. How helpful it is! What’s more, DeepSeek-Rl can be very useful for students. It can provide good ideas for their homework, suggest fun ways to study, and help students understand difficult problems. DeepSeek-Rl can also make learning about computers and technology more fun. Students can ask it questions and see how it answers, which might encourage them to explore technology further. DeepSeek-RI shows that innovation. (革新) requires creativity. It marks the rise of China’s technology on the global stage. However, this progress also brings new challenges. The rapid development of such powerful technology means the AI must keep getting better to stay competitive. 1．Many people think Deepseek is special because it is ________. A．more difficult B．new and smart C．less creative D．powerful and low-cost 2．What is the advantage of DeepSeek-R1’s “Mixture-of-Experts” architecture? A．Understanding both Chinese and English. B．Allowing the program to do many tasks quickly. C．Allowing the program to write all kinds of texts. D．Improving the program’s ability to play video games. 3．DeepSeek-R1 can offer students ________ to help with their study according to Paragraph 4. A．nice ideas and fun ways B．more difficult problems C．questions and answers D．computers and technology 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．How to use DeepSeek-R1. B．The development of AI in China. C．The advantages and uses of DeepSeek-R1. D．Differences between DeepSeek-Rl and other AI models. Passage 15 （2025·辽宁本溪市·二模） ①Have you ever seen a cat or dog cry? Probably not a real one! That’s because animals can’t really cry. They can make tears, but only humans can cry because of emotion (情感), reported The New York Times. Now let’s learn about our tears and crying. ②Tears come in three types, according to Discover Magazine. Most of the time, our eyes make basal tears (基础性眼泪) to keep them from getting dry. When we cut onions, or when something gets in our eyes, reflex tears (反射性眼泪) pour down to help wash out foreign objects. Then there are emotional tears. They are special because they come from strong feelings, such as sadness and happiness. Emotional tears also have more protein (蛋白质) in them than the ones that come about from cutting onions, said Time magazine. Scientists think the protein makes emotional tears thicker and slower to run down the face. That way, other people can see them more easily. ③Young kids cry a lot, but it’s often just because something happens to them, like falling over or dropping their ice cream. But as we grow up, we cry more because of our feelings for others. “Your world becomes greater, so there are more people who become more important to you,” Ad Vingerhoets, a scientist from Tilburg University in the Netherlands, told The New York Times. ④In human society, crying is a call for help. It quickly lets others see that something is not right, and brings people closer. Crying also helps us calm down and think about difficult things, said Medical News Today. 1．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By showing a dialogue. B．By telling a story. C．By recommending a saying. D．By putting a question. 2．Our reflex tears ________. A．are made most of the time B．help to protect our eyes C．express our strong feelings D．stop our eyes getting dry 3．The last paragraph mainly talks about ________. A．crying is a call for help B．what humans cry for C．how crying helps humans D．crying a lot is harmful 4．How is the passage organized? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, …) A． B． C． D． Passage 16 （2025·辽宁本溪市·一模） People often set many alarms to wake themselves up in time. However, this can be unhealthy as it reduces the quality of sleep, said Brandon Peters, a doctor from Virginia Mason Franciscan Health in Seattle, US. A good sleep has four stages. During the first stage, we enter a light sleep. Our body relaxes, and our heart beats more slowly. As we fall deeper into sleep, stage two starts. Our eyes stop moving, and our body temperature becomes lower. Then comes the third stage. It is the deepest sleep and also the hardest to wake up from. Last is the fourth stage. Scientists call it rapid eye movement sleep, or REM sleep. Our eyes move quickly from side to side, both our breathing and our heartbeat pick up. REM sleep is important because most of our dreams take place during it. This helps us deal with our emotions (情绪) and remember the new things that we learn during the day. REM sleep mostly take place in the last hours of a night’s sleep. So, disrupting (扰乱) it with alarms ringing one after another is a bad idea. People should set one alarm only. They can also try alarms that use light, not sound, Alicia Roth at the US Cleveland Clinic told CNN. 1．It’s the hardest for us to wake up during the ________ stage of sleep. A．first B．second C．third D．last 2．The writer mentioned our ________ when explaining “a light sleep”. A．heartbeat B．breathing C．eyes D．temperature 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．It’s a bad idea to try alarms that use light. B．Our body relaxes when we enter REM sleep. C．Sometimes we deal with our emotions in our dreams. D．Most of our dreams take place in the last hour of a night’s sleep. 4．The best title (题目) for the passage is “________”. A．How to have sweet dreams? B．Early to bed, early to rise C．Do we really need alarms? D．Sleep right, wake right Passage 17 （2025·辽宁丹东市·二模）There are many different ways to solve a problem. One way is to be creative. People often think creative thinking is just for artists and designers, but this is not true. Dr. Edward de Bono, an expert in creative thinking and problem solving, has shown the world that using creativity to solve problems is very useful in business and in our communities. One example of creative thinking is the solution to a parking problem in a town center. In the areas close to stores, people can only park for 20 minutes. There are parking meters where people pay to park in these areas. However, the problem is that many people leave their cars there for longer than 20 minutes. Dr. Edward de Bono’s solution is to make a rule that all cars parked in these areas must keep their headlights on. Of course, drivers will want to return to their cars before their car batteries (蓄电池) die. To help people think more creatively, Dr. Edward de Bono designed the “Six Thinking Hats” system (系统). The system helps people think about a problem in different ways in order to find a solution. In the system, there are six imaginary hats of different colors. Each hat symbolizes a different way of thinking. For example, the white hat helps people consider the facts. The black hat is the most logical (有逻辑的) and helps people consider why a possible solution may not work. So, next time you have a problem in your community, think about it creatively, from different perspectives, and see what ideas you have. 1．What is the subject of the text? A．Being a creative artist in the community. B．Doing business successfully in the future. C．Asking experts for some useful advice. D．Using creative thinking to solve problems. 2．Why is the example mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To express a result. B．To describe a problem. C．To support the subject. D．To list some numbers. 3．What does the underlined word “perspectives” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Sides. B．Places. C．People. D．Rules. 4．What can we know about the “Six Thinking Hats” system? A．The system is used to help people think quickly. B．The white hat helps people think about the facts. C．The black hat has to do with people's feelings. D．Six hats of different shapes can be very helpful. Passage 18 （2025·辽宁锦州市·二模）The 24 solar terms in China mark the changing seasons and agricultural cycles (农业周期). Among the 24 solar terms,Xiaoman, the eighth solar term, falls between May 20th and May 22nd each year. The nameXiaomanmeans “a little full” in Chinese, showing the fact that the food crops (庄稼) in the field are becoming full, but they are not yet ripe (成熟的). It’s a time when farmers can watch their fields turn golden under the warm sun. They hope to have a good harvest (收成) soon. DuringXiaoman, it gradually changes from spring to summer. The days become longer and hotter, and the rainfall increases, providing the necessary water for food growth. This period is important for farmers, as it can influence the quality of their harvest. A special custom connected withXiaomanis silkworm raising (养蚕). It is an important way to make a living for people who live in the south of the Yangtze River, especially in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Silkworms need to be taken good care of at this time of the year with fresh mulberry (桑树) leaves. It’s also regarded as the best time to cook cocoons (茧) and produce silk. Famous Chinese poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu from the Tang Dynasty all wrote poems that described the silkworm raising activities at this time. Today, it’s popular for Chinese children to raise white silkworms in a paper box, covered with green fresh mulberry leaves. Forthem, raising silkworms is not a way to make a living, but to see the magic of nature. It’s exciting to carefully watch the silkworms grow bigger and bigger, and finally become white cocoons. 1．What does the nameXiaomanmean about crops during this time? A．Crops are fully ripe and harvested. B．Crops need more and more water. C．Crops stop growing and dry up. D．Crops are growing but not yet ripe. 2．Why is rainfall duringXiaomanimportant for farmers? A．It helps cool down the hot weather in summer. B．It provides the necessary water for crop growth. C．It marks the beginning of the planting season. D．It tells the farmers the start of silkworm raising. 3．We can know from Paragraph Four that ________. A．there were a lot of famous poets in the Tang Dynasty. B．silkworm raising was popular duringXiaoshuin history. C．the silkworms need to be looked after well at this time. D．the poets were good at writing different kinds of poems. 4．What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Some farmers. B．Some Chinese children. C．White silkworms. D．Mulberry leaves. Passage 19 （2025·辽宁辽阳市·一模）Nature is amazing! Take a close look at the world of insects, you’ll discover many unbelievable things. Consider butterflies, for example. They have beautiful, colorful wings, and strong, fantastic flying skills. On summer days, you always see them flying freely over flower gardens and wild fields. But do you know how butterflies become the flying insects? It’s one of the amazing wonders of nature. In the beginning, female butterflies lay a small and colorful egg on a leaf of a plant. It’s hard to believe that the egg will become something completely different in a few days. It becomes a walking insect. This insect is called caterpillar. It now has legs, eyes and a large body. A new life has begun. The caterpillar can eat, walk and see. But it is still not a butterfly. Soon, after growing big, the caterpillar makes a cover for itself. It covers itself in the nice protective blanket (保护层) and goes to sleep. This stage is known as the “pupa (蛹)” stage. After a period of time, the blanket breaks and a wet, weak butterfly appears. It now has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings. Shortly, the wings fill with blood, and the beautiful, colorful butterfly spreads its wings and flies away. After a few weeks, this adult butterfly lays her eggs, and the cycle begins all over again.This is just one example of the wonders of nature. Look around the natural world, and you will learn many truly amazing things. 1．What is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．Butterflies are a kind of insect. B．Butterflies are good at flying. C．Butterflies have colorful wings. D．Butterflies have a good sense of smell. 2．What is the right order of the development process (发育过程) of a butterfly? ① It becomes a pupa.                ② It becomes a walking insect. ③ Female butterflies lay an egg.    ④ It spreads wings and flies away. A．①→②→③→④ B．①→②→④→③ C．③→②→①→④ D．③→②→④→① 3．Which of the following best describes a butterfly after the blanket breaks? A．It has legs, eyes and a large body. B．It has four legs, eyes and a mouth. C．It has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings D．It has legs, eyes, a mouth and a large body. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．One Insect, Four Lives B．The Kinds of Butterflies C．One Insect, Different Colors D．The Habits of Butterflies Passage 20 （2025·辽宁辽阳市·一模） ________________ Have you ever felt uncomfortable with your stomach when you’ re nervous or excited? This is because there is a close connection between your gut (消化道) and your brain. You have around 200 types of microbes (细菌) in your gut. Healthy microbes help your body fight illnesses and help your brain deal with stress. “So, take care of your gut.” a scientist says. 690 Stop anger with activities A new study aimed at 12,489 people has suggested that the key to reducing anger is not letting it out, but doing calming activities such as yoga. These activities could slow the heart rate (心率). However, scientists also find some ball games and team sports, which are fun or playful, could reduce anger. 569 Show compassion Showing compassion means you understand others’ feelings and treat them with kindness. Scientists have discovered when you show compassion, your brain lets out a feel-good chemical, which helps to reduce stress. It is reported that when other people see you showing compassion, they want to do it, too. 943 1．The best heading for the first piece of news would be ________. A．Focus on your brain B．Microbes in your body C．Look after your gut D．Problems with your stomach 2．It is believed that showing compassion can ________. A．spread to others B．slow your heart rate C．develop your brain D．make people confident 3．What do the three pieces of news have in common? A．They are liked by 690 people. B．They show some research results. C．They help us make more friends. D．They teach us how to face stress. 4．In which part of the website can we read the news? A．PEOPLE B．HEALTH C．FOOD D．SPORTS 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $