内容正文:
专题01 动词和动词短语
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 2
03 考点通关·靶向突破 3
★ 考点一 动词的分类 3
★ 考点二 动词的基本形式 10
★ 考点三 动词短语 12
04 优题精选·练能提分 19
考点
复习目标
系动词
· 掌握系动词的构成和用法
1.系统复习并掌握动词的基本知识,强化在复杂语境中辨别动词形式的能力;
2. 掌握易混动词短语的区别。
实义动词
· 掌握实义动词的构成和用法
情态动词
· 掌握情态动词的构成和用法
助动词
· 掌握助动词的构成和用法
命题预测
动词和动词短语是中考英语的基石考点,近十年持续高频考查,贯穿听力、阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空及书面表达全题型。各题型考查各有侧重:听力聚焦动词及情态动词的语音语调、词义区分与时态句式运用;阅读理解侧重动词词义、熟词生义及长难句中的灵活使用;完形填空以语境化的动词和动词短语辨析为核心;语法填空重点考查谓语与非谓语的区分及动词形式变化;书面表达则要求熟练运用动词词形和短语确保表达准确。结合教材结构与命题趋势,未来考查将更注重语境复杂性与知识点综合性,需重点掌握教材核心动词结构及运用技巧。
中考题型分析
听力:侧重动词及情态动词的语音语调、词义辨析、时态和句式的灵活运用;
阅读理解:侧重动词词义、熟词生义以及动词在长难句中的灵活运用;
完形填空:侧重考查词义辨析、动词短语辨析和动词熟词生义;
语法填空:考查动词短语固定搭配和时态变形为主,
书面表达:考查对动词词形和用法的熟练掌握。
考点一 动词的分类
1. 系动词
· 概念:连接主语与表语,无实际动作意义,如 be 动词、感官类(feel, look 等)、变化类(become, grow 等)动词。
· 系动词的分类:
功能类别
常见系动词
核心含义
状态类系动词
be(am/is/are)
表示 “是;处于…… 状态”
keep
保持(某种状态)
stay
维持(原有状态不变)
remain
依然保持;未发生变化
感官类系动词
look
看起来(视觉感知)
sound
听起来(听觉感知)
taste
尝起来(味觉感知)
smell
闻起来(嗅觉感知)
feel
摸起来;感觉起来(触觉 / 内心感受)
变化类系动词
become
变得(强调变化结果)
get
变得(强调变化过程)
grow
逐渐变得(强调缓慢变化)
turn
转变为(强调明显 / 突然变化)
go
变得(多表负面变化)
结果类系动词
prove
证明是;结果是
turn out
结果是;原来是
【知识拓展】
系动词的关键用法:
· 后接形容词作表语,不可接副词(如 The silk feels soft. 而非 softly);同一词形作实义动词时用副词修饰(如 He feels happily. 此处 feel 为实义动词 “感觉”)。
· 有时态变化(is→was, feel→felt),但无被动语态(不能说 The flower is looked beautiful.)。
即时训练
1.(2022·江苏无锡·中考真题)—Dad, what’s for dinner? It ________ nice!
—I’m cooking chicken soup.
A.tastes B.smells C.looks D.feels
2.(2020·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—Mum, I'm hungry.
—There____some biscuits on the table. Enjoy them, please.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
3.(2025·江苏扬州·三模)Runyang Bridge ________ in service in 2005 and it has developed the economy between Yangzhou and Zhenjiang.
A.was B.is C.has been D.will be
4.(2025·江苏淮安·一模)—______ you free this weekend?
—Yes, but I need to look after my little sister.
A. Do B.Are C.Did D.Will
2. 实义动词:
· 概念:含具体动作或状态含义,可独立作谓语,按是否接宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。
· 及物动词:必须接宾语表达完整意义,可分为以下几类:单宾语动词(如accept sth., find sth.等);双宾语动词(如give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.等);复合宾语动词(如make sb. do sth., see sb. do/doing sth.等);后接动名词的固定搭配(如finish doing, practise doing等);后接不定式的固定搭配(如hope to do, refuse to do等)。
· 不及物动词:不能直接接宾语,需加介词(如 arrive at/in sp., talk with sb.等),且无被动语态。
分类
用法
例句
及物
动词
能直接跟宾语
She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。
【知识拓展】
1. 单宾语动词:即只可接一个宾语的动词,如:accept接受;discover发现;enjoy享受;forget忘记;borrow借入;buy买;catch抓;invent发明;found建造;like喜欢;find寻找;forget忘记;receive接受;see看见;say说;show展示;make做;tell告诉等。
I’m sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起,我忘了你的地址。
2. 双宾语动词:即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词,如:give给;buy买;pay付款;hand递;read读;return返还;sell卖等。
I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。
3. 接复合宾语的动词:后接宾语和宾补的动词,如:believe相信;find发现;hear听见,听说;keep保持;make使得;see看见等。
They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。
4. 接动名词作宾语的动词:如advise建议;consider考虑;finish完成;imagine想象;practise练习;suggest建议等。
She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。
5. 接不定式作宾语的动词:如agree同意;decide决定,下决心;hope希望;refuse拒绝;manage设法等。
Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。
不及物动词
不能直接跟宾语
He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。
【知识拓展】
常见的不及物动词:ache疼痛;appear出现;arise出现,上升,起立;arrive到达;belong属于;care关心;come来;cough咳嗽;cry哭;die死亡;disappear消失;exist存在,生存;faint昏倒,变得微弱;fall落下;flow流动;go去;happen发生;laugh笑;lie躺;listen听;live生活,居住;look看;occur发生;rise上升,起立;sit坐;smile微笑;swim游泳
即时训练
(1) (2023·山东青岛·中考真题)用所给词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。
review, provide, give, choose, look through
1.A set of paper cutting to the foreign teacher as a gift when he left China last week.
2.—Have you decided on the project for your science club?
—Yes, we “Sea Animals” as our research project already.
3.Every year, our city books and school things for the children in mountain villages.
4.—Where is your brother?
—He the Internet pages for information about how to make zongzi.
5.Welcome to our museum. Today, we what we have achieved in our hometown in the past twenty years.
(2) (2023·湖北恩施·中考真题)仔细阅读下面五个句子,然后用方框中所给的单词或短语填空,使每个句子在结构、句义和逻辑上正确。(提示:选项中有一个是多余的。)
A.come true B.swim C. turn to D.proud of E. share F. as long as
1.Humans the same world with animals and plants.
2.We’ll have a bright future we stick to working hard.
3.Summer is coming. Remember not to alone in the river.
4.Whenever you are in trouble, you can the police.
5.Shenzhou XVI was launched successfully on May 30th. We are China’s rapid progress in space industry.
3. 情态动词:
· 概念:本身有一定的意义,表示人的语气和情态,不可单独作谓语,须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。
· 情态动词的用法:
情态动词
用法
例句
can/could
表示能力,意为"能,会"
I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。
表示许可时,意为"可以,能够",相当于may
She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。
用于推测,表示可能性,意为"可能",could比can更加不肯定,多用于否定或疑问句
The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. 那个男人不可能是我们的老师,他去北京了。
There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面,可能是谁呢?
【知识拓展】
1. can/could和be able to的区别:
不同点:can和could有过去式转化的关系,无其余时态和变形,而be able to可以用于各种时态;
相同点:can( could)表示能力时,可用be able to代替。
I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。
She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了
I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。
may/might
表示允许或许可,意为"可以"
May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的电话吗?
表示征询许可时,might比may的语气委婉
—Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter?我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗?
—Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。
用于表推测时,是"可能,或许"之意,might语气更加不肯定,多用于肯定句
He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. 也许他错了,但我也不确定。
She might be very busy now. 她现在可能非常忙。
must
表示必须,一定要,指说话人的主观语气
You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。
mustn’t表示禁止,意为"千万不要,禁止",是说话人强有力的警告
You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself. 你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。
表示推测时,用于肯定句,意为"想必,一定",否定句中用can’t/couldn’t来代替
This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。
He must be eighty now. 他现在想必有八十岁了。
【易错考点】
1. must的否定回答为No, ...needn’t./No, ...don’t have to,而非No, ...mustn’t..
—Must I clean the classroom now? 我必须现在打扫教室吗?
—Yes, you must. 是的,你必须。/No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t. 不,你不必。
2. must和have to的区别:
①用must表示"必须"的意思时,通常着重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要去做某事;而have to着重于客观需要,含有"不得不"的意思。
We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。
You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了,不得不去看医生。
②用must无变形,have to有各时态的相应形式。
You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。
They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。
would
作为will的过去式,可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等,意为"愿意"
He promised he would never smoke again. 他承诺他再也不吸烟了。
表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向
Their English teacher would tell them stories in English after class. 他们的英语老师总是在课后用英语给他们讲故事。
用于第二人称疑问句中,表示现在的请求、建议,比will的语气委婉
Would you please pass the English-Chinese dictionary on to Mary? 请把这本英汉词典传给玛丽好吗?
should
shall的过去式,用于第一、三人称,多用于间接引语中,以征求对方意见
I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。
表示义务,职责时,意为"应当,应该",往往表示说话者的观点
I think you should read more books.
need
表示"需要,必须",多用于疑问句和否定句
Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗?
You needn’t come so early. 你不必来这么早。
【知识拓展】
need的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, ... must.;否定回答为No, ... needn’t.
—Need he finish the article next week? 他需要下星期完成这篇文章吗?
—Yes, he must. 是的,他必须完成。/No , he needn’t. 不,他不需要。
have to
表示不得不,说明客观条件只能如此;有时态形式的变化;否定式don’t have to意为"不必"(=
needn’t)
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight. 我弟弟病得厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。
即时训练
1.(2025·江苏南京·三模)Ask friends and family to help. If you want to make a very big snowman, you ________ need help to carry the snowballs.
A.can B.could C.can’t D.must
2.(2025·江苏南京·二模)—Are we allowed to take photos in Dunhuang Museum?
—No, you ________. It does much harm to the artworks over time.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.shouldn’t
3.(2025·江苏镇江·中考真题)It is a rule that passengers ________ smoke in the high-speed railway.
A.wouldn’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.couldn’t
4.(2025·江苏常州·中考真题)—________ you teach me to play basketball, Simon?
—Sure. Let’s go!
A.Shall B.Can C.Might D.Need
4. 助动词
· 概念:助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,不能单独用作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构,有人称、数和时态的变化。
助动词do
形式
肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
do
do not
don’t
第三人称单数
does
does not
doesn’t
过去式
did
did not
didn’t
助动词have
形式
肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
have
have not
haven’t
第三人称单数
has
has not
hasn’t
过去式
had
had not
hadn’t
【知识拓展】
助动词do的其他用法:
"do+动词原形"可构成强调句,通常用于肯定句中:
I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。
即时训练
一、单项选择
1.(2025·江苏无锡·二模)The chairperson warned that we ________ achieve our dreams if we didn’t work hard.
A.will B.won’t C.would D.wouldn’t
2.(2025·上海宝山·二模)We ________ any drink. You’d better buy some fruit and vegetables at the supermarket.
A.needn’t B.don’t need to C.don’t need D.not need
3.—________ your parents hard on you?
—Yes. I can never watch TV at home.
A.Do B.Did C.Are D.Were
4.(2023·天津·二模)—________ you ever ________ any prizes in a speaking competition before?
—No, I haven’t.
A.Do; win B.Did; win C.Will; win D.Have; won
5.(2022·江苏苏州·一模)________ not only Simon’ s car but also his friends’ cars ________ last night?
A.Did; break down B.Was; broke down C.Is; broke down D.Were; break down
考点二 动词的基本形式
形式
规则变化
例句
一般现在时第三人称单数
一般情况在动词后直接加-s
look→looks;work→works
以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词,后加-es
catch→catches;go→goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es
study→studies;try→tries
现在分词
一般情况在动词后直接加-ing
read→reading;go→going
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词,直接加-ing
see →seeing;toe→toeing
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing
love→loving;write→writing
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ing
cut→cutting;put→putting
少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie 为y再加-ing
die→dying;lie→lying
过去式和过去分词
一般情况在动词后直接加-ed
ask→asked;help→helped
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,只加-d
like→liked;live→lived
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed
cry→cried;study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ed
stop→stopped;plan→planned
一、单句填空
1.(2023·海南·中考真题)—How do you s your English name, please?
—D-A-N-I-E-L, Daniel
2.(2025·四川·中考真题)As children’s first teachers, parents should (encourage) their children to learn how to do chores at home.
3.(2023·江苏无锡·中考真题)Go and have a good sleep, baby. Let me (worry) about these things.
4.(2022·江苏南京·中考真题)The teacher told us that the gravity on Mars (be) only about three-eighths of that on Earth.
5.How about going to the cinema tomorrow? We (not be) there for a while.
考点三 动词短语
· 动词 + 介词,如:
put into放入
add to增加
break into破门而入
ask for索取,寻找
care about 关心,在乎
come across偶然遇到
take off脱掉;起飞
deal/do with处理
get over克服
get into养成(习惯)
rely on依靠,依赖
pay for偿还,赔偿
provide for/with供给
plan for打算,为……计划
laugh at嘲笑
feel like想要
stick to坚持
look for寻找
listen to听
put on穿上
【知识拓展】常见动词+介词短语汇总
No. 1 动词+away
throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠,分发
carry away运走 run away 潜逃,跑开 go away 走开
stay away远离
No. 2 动词+on
try on试穿,试验 put on穿上,上演 hold on不挂断,坚持,继续 carry on继续开展,坚持 keep on继续 go on继续
get on上(车) focus/concentrate on集中注意力于,关注;
No. 3 动词+over
come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查,复习
get over克服,恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑
take over接受,接管 turn over翻转
No. 4 动词+up
bring up抚育,培养 call up召唤,打电话给 come up走上前来,长出
cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃;
grow up 长大 look up尊敬,向上看,查寻 make up虚构,弥补,组成
put up举起,搭建 set up建立,创(纪录) pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到
show up 揭露,露面 turn up出现,把……调高一点
No. 5 动词+out
come out出来 go out出去,熄灭 look/watch out留神,当心
walk out走出 set out出发,开始 put out扑灭,生产
give out发出,发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选
find out找出,发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产,结果是
get out出去,离开 work out计算出,解决,实行,行得通
· 动词 + 名词,如:
lose patience失去耐心 lose heart灰心 make a bet打赌
make a face做鬼脸 take effect生效 take place发生
take action/measures/steps采取措施 give way让步 make progress取得进步
lose weight减肥 lead the way领路 make a decision决定
take one’s time慢慢来 take exercise做锻炼 take turns轮流
take advice征求意见 make a difference有影响 have a rest休息
【考点点拨】
· 固定搭配需精准记忆,避免混淆(如 look for “寻找” vs. find “找到”,put on “穿上” vs. wear “穿着”)。
· 动词 + 介词结构中,代词作宾语需置于中间(put it on 而非 put on it);名词作宾语可放中间或后面(put the coat on = put on the coat)。
【高频动词短语汇总】
1. blow词组
blow away 吹走
blow off 吹掉,吹散,吹灭
blow out吹灭,走气
blow up,放大(照片),吹大(气球),爆炸,发脾气
2. break词组
break away 摆脱,脱离
break down 出故障,中止,分解、抛锚、破坏,粉碎;瓦解;衰弱,损坏;(健康等)垮掉,累垮;崩溃
break in 打断,插话,闯入,强行进入,使顺服
break into … 闯入……,破门而入,突然开始,把(sth.)分成
break (sth) off (使某物)折断,中断某事物,突然停止,打断,断绝
break out (战争、火灾)突然发生,爆发,准备使用;起锚
break up vt. 分解,分裂,拆散,碎开,开垦,vi.结束
3. bring词组
bring back 拿(送)回来,使恢复,使回忆
bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼,使……苏醒
bring down 使……降低,减少,使……倒下,使……落下,浓缩,收缩,击落
bring in 引进(技术),赚钱,带来(收入),吸收
bring out 拿出,公布,出版,生产,揭露,阐明,使表现出
4. call词组
call at (sp) 访问(某地),拜访(某地),停泊在
call back 回电话
call for 提倡,号召,要求,需要,去接某人,接走某人,迎,取
call / shout for help 呼救
call in 请来,召集,来访,打电话,引入
call off 取消,下令停止
call on / upon 号召
call on (sb) 拜访(某人),访问(某人)
call up 给……打电话,使人想起,号召,召集
5. check词组
check in 报到,登记,投宿旅馆
check on 检查,调查
check out 查明,结帐,付款而离开旅馆
6. come词组
come across 偶然相遇,想起;越过;偿付
come back 回来,想起来,复原
come down 下来,下落,倒下,降落;跌落;病倒
come down to… 到达,从一处来到另一处
come for… 来拿,来取
come from… 来自,出生于,起源于
come in 进来,进入,流行起来;获名次
come into being 形成,产生,出现
come out 露出,出来,出现,出版,发(芽),(花)开,出版;结果是;褪色;(秘密)泄露
come to an end 结束,终止
come to know 逐渐地知道
come true 变为现实,成为事实,证实
come up with … 提出,想出(主意),找出(答案),赶上
7. cut词组
cut down 砍倒,砍下,削减,缩短
cut in 插嘴,加塞,插入
cut off 切断(线路),中断(供应),剪下,关掉
cut into 切成
cut out 删除,剪下来,切下
cut up 切碎,剪碎,剁碎,齐根切掉,割裂,歼灭
8. fall词组
fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默
fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面
fall down 倒下,落下,掉下,病倒,失败
fall in love with...爱上(某人)
9. get词组
get across 度过,通过,横过;说服,使被理解
get along 前进,进步;同意;离去,相处
get away 移走,逃离(from),出发,开始度假
get back 回来,取回,找回,退还,报复
get behind 落后;识破
get close to 接近
get down vt.咽下;写下;使沮丧,使倒下vi.下来
get in 进入,收获,达到,陷入;牵涉
get in a word 插话
get into 进入,陷入,养成
get off 下车,脱下(衣服等),送走,动身
get on 上车,过活,穿上;进步,使前进;成功;相处
get on / along with… 进展,与……相处
get out vi. 摆脱,出去,下车,泄露,离开
get over 克服,恢复,原谅,越过,痊愈;克服,完成
get up 起床,起身,研究,钻研;致力于;安排
get through 接通(电话),完成(工作),通过(议案、考试等),到达
get ready for 为……做准备
10. give词组
give away 赠送,给予,背弃,泄露,分发,牺牲,颁发
give back 归还,送回
give in 投降,让步,屈服
give up 放弃
give out vt.分发,公布,发出,使筋疲力尽 vi.用完,用完,耗尽
11. look词组
look at 看着,注视,检查,着眼于
look after 照顾,照料,照看
look around四处看看,四下环顾
look back 回首,回忆,回顾过去
look forward to sth /doing sth 盼望,期盼某事物/做某事
look for 寻找,期望
look out 向外看;注意,当心,提防,警惕
look through 看透,仔细查看,浏览,翻阅,温习
12. make词组
make into 制成,作成(后面跟产品,制成品)
be made in 在……生产/制造
be made of 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(物理变化)(能看出)
made from 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(化学变化)(看不出)
be made up of = consist of 由……组成,由……构成]
make out 理解,看清楚
make up 化妆,打扮,和解,配制,编造,虚构,构成,组成
made up one’s mind 下决心
make a choice 做出选择
make a commitment 承诺,保证
13. pick词组
pick off 摘下
pick out 挑选,认出
pick up 开车接(某人),接收,获得,搭载,恢复,爬起,捡起,学会,认识,购买(便宜商品)
pick up with...结识,与...交朋友
14. put词组
put away 将某物收拾起来,存钱,储存,存起来
put down 扑灭,平息,镇压,记下,记下;削减;降落
put forward 提出,建议,推荐,拨快,提倡
put in 驶入,进入
put off 延期,拖延,消除;推脱,脱下
put on (戏)上演,放(唱片),穿戴,增加,拨快(钟表),推荐
put out 扑灭,熄灭,使……停止燃烧,伸出,出版,生产,拿出,制造,刺杀
put up 挂起,张贴,举起,抬起,搭起,建立,提名,推荐;陈列
15. take词组
take after 与某人相像,仿效
take away 拿走,使离开。减去;夺去
take away from… 从……带/拿走
take back 退回,拿回,收回,取消
take down 拿下,记下,记录,占领,拆毁,使病倒
take in 吸收,接纳,上当,轻信,领会;留宿
take off (飞机)起飞,脱掉(衣帽/鞋),成名,成功,很快上升,开始流行/畅销
take out 拿出,取出,去除,取得(专利权)
16. think词组
think about 思考,考虑(是否去做)
think of 想到,想起,认为,对……有看法/想法
think of ...as...把...看作
think over 仔细考虑
17. turn词组
turn back 折回,往回走
turn … away 赶走……,辞退……,把……打发走,转脸不睬,使转变方向
turn down 关小/调低(音量/热度),拒绝,折叠,翻下,驳回,拒绝考虑
turn over 把……翻过来,翻动,犁翻(土地),细想
turn in 交进,上缴,归还
turn on 打开(灯,气,水,电器等),反对;依靠,依赖,取决于
turn off 关掉(灯,气,水,电器等),解雇,避开(问题)
turn…into… 把……变成……,转变成,走进
turn up 把音量开大,卷起,翻起,发生,出现,到达
一、完成句子
1.(2025·广东广州·二模)汤姆想知道他应该选择什么礼物,所以他去问好朋友露西。
Tom wanted to know so he asked his best friend Lucy for help.
2.(2024·重庆九龙坡·三模)过马路时要小心! (完成译句)
Be careful when you the road!
3.我们的行动会带来不同,并引领一个更好的未来。
Our actions can and lead to a better future.
4.根据汉语意思完成英语句子,每个空格填一个单词。
1 学会寻求帮助很重要。
It’s important to learn to help.
2 现在,越来越多的学生下课后进行体育锻炼。
Now more and more students after class.
3 只背诵知识而不认真思考,这样的学习是无意义的。
It's to study only by memorizing knowledge without thinking .
4 我们的语文老师总是引导我们欣赏古诗词的美。
Our Chinese teacher always guides us to the of ancient poetry.
5 我很惊讶的发现孩子们在物理课上使用这些很平常的材料发电。
I was surprised to see the children used these common to electricity in their physics class.
二、单项选择
1.— Why not ________ John a toy car for his birthday?
— Good idea! He is crazy about cars.
A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.buys
2.I saw Li Ming ______ near the river on my way home.
A.plays B.playing C.to play D.played
一、单项选择
1.________! Mr. Brown is waiting for us in the meeting room.
A.Fall over B.Hurry up C.Clear out
2.(2025·福建漳州·模拟预测)DeepSeek-R1 shows the world that great things _________ new ideas.
A.come out B.come from C.come into
3.(2025·福建厦门·二模)—Why are you late for class again, Bob?
—Sorry, I failed to ________ when my alarm went off.
A.lie down B.fall asleep C.get up
4.(2025·江苏淮安·二模)He spends most of time in his life ________ studying how to prevent air pollution.
A.working on B.to work on C.working out D.to work out
5.(2025·江苏徐州·三模)Local people in Xuzhou like to ________ tents in parks to enjoy the pleasant weather and feel the spring breath.
A.clean up B.put up C.look up D.give up
6.(2025·江苏连云港·三模)In the comedy, actors were given no script and had to ________ stories by themselves.
A.make up B.set up C.take up D.put up
二、单词拼写
1. (2022·江苏南京·中考真题)Touring, studying and living in Nanjing, you may (find) it changing and growing every day.
2.(2022·江苏南京·中考真题)If you don’t tell me what the problem is, I can’t (help) you.
3. (2025·上海闵行·三模)As an officer at the airport, he has to every traveler’s passport carefully. (exam)
4.(2023·江苏宿迁·三模)Teachers (主动提出) me a lot of help when I meet with all kinds of problems.
三、语法填空
(一)
(2023·浙江衢州·中考真题)阅读下面材料,按照句子结构的语法情况和上下文连贯的要求,在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。每空不超过两词。
Mr. Smith is our school gardener. He is 1 old man with a head of white hair. He works hard 2 (make) our school green and lively. No matter in the winter cold or in the summer heat, he is never late 3 work. He goes to work early in the morning and only leaves in the evening.
Every day, he 4 (wear) a grey hat and a pair of blue trousers. He cleans the leaves in the garden three 5 (time) a day. He also plants trees and waters flowers. When he is working, he is very serious. He even gets angry when we try to talk to 6 (he). He is always quiet during his working time.
7 , he becomes a different person after finishing all the work. He will talk to us about his family and friends 8 (happy). He always puts a smile on our faces, just like our dear grandfather.
Mr. Smith makes our school 9 (beautiful) than before and we are glad to have such a school gardener. He 10 (love) by everyone in our school.
(二)
(2024·浙江·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Martin is a boy full of questions. He asks questions all day long and 1 (hope) to get the answers at once.
One morning, he looked up at the sky 2 asked, “What makes the day? What makes the night? And how?”
“The earth travels around the sun. It turns to face the sun to make the day and turns away from the sun to make the night,” said 3 (he) father. “Now please, will you go and play?”
But the boy didn’t want 4 (play). He looked up, down, and all around, and said, “I can’t feel the earth turning. Why?”
“The earth is so big. We’re too small to feel it turn.” Dad replied in a much 5 (loud) voice. “Now please, will you go and play 6 a moment?”
Martin tried. He played with some 7 (toy), and then studied the pictures of the sun and the earth, but questions were still everywhere!
At bedtime, while his mother 8 (tell) him a story. Martin couldn’t help asking. “ 9 can see the sun now?”
“People on the other side of the earth,” Mom answered gently. “Hmm,” she thought, “maybe he will become 10 great scientist in the future.”
Martin lay in his bed and kept on thinking about the sun, the earth, the moon and the stars.
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专题01 动词和动词短语
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 2
03 考点通关·靶向突破 3
★ 考点一 动词的分类 3
★ 考点二 动词的基本形式 10
★ 考点三 动词短语 12
04 优题精选·练能提分 19
考点
复习目标
系动词
· 掌握系动词的构成和用法
1.系统复习并掌握动词的基本知识,强化在复杂语境中辨别动词形式的能力;
2. 掌握易混动词短语的区别。
实义动词
· 掌握实义动词的构成和用法
情态动词
· 掌握情态动词的构成和用法
助动词
· 掌握助动词的构成和用法
命题预测
动词和动词短语是中考英语的基石考点,近十年持续高频考查,贯穿听力、阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空及书面表达全题型。各题型考查各有侧重:听力聚焦动词及情态动词的语音语调、词义区分与时态句式运用;阅读理解侧重动词词义、熟词生义及长难句中的灵活使用;完形填空以语境化的动词和动词短语辨析为核心;语法填空重点考查谓语与非谓语的区分及动词形式变化;书面表达则要求熟练运用动词词形和短语确保表达准确。结合教材结构与命题趋势,未来考查将更注重语境复杂性与知识点综合性,需重点掌握教材核心动词结构及运用技巧。
中考题型分析
听力:侧重动词及情态动词的语音语调、词义辨析、时态和句式的灵活运用;
阅读理解:侧重动词词义、熟词生义以及动词在长难句中的灵活运用;
完形填空:侧重考查词义辨析、动词短语辨析和动词熟词生义;
语法填空:考查动词短语固定搭配和时态变形为主,
书面表达:考查对动词词形和用法的熟练掌握。
考点一 动词的分类
1. 系动词
· 概念:连接主语与表语,无实际动作意义,如 be 动词、感官类(feel, look 等)、变化类(become, grow 等)动词。
· 系动词的分类:
功能类别
常见系动词
核心含义
状态类系动词
be(am/is/are)
表示 “是;处于…… 状态”
keep
保持(某种状态)
stay
维持(原有状态不变)
remain
依然保持;未发生变化
感官类系动词
look
看起来(视觉感知)
sound
听起来(听觉感知)
taste
尝起来(味觉感知)
smell
闻起来(嗅觉感知)
feel
摸起来;感觉起来(触觉 / 内心感受)
变化类系动词
become
变得(强调变化结果)
get
变得(强调变化过程)
grow
逐渐变得(强调缓慢变化)
turn
转变为(强调明显 / 突然变化)
go
变得(多表负面变化)
结果类系动词
prove
证明是;结果是
turn out
结果是;原来是
【知识拓展】
系动词的关键用法:
· 后接形容词作表语,不可接副词(如 The silk feels soft. 而非 softly);同一词形作实义动词时用副词修饰(如 He feels happily. 此处 feel 为实义动词 “感觉”)。
· 有时态变化(is→was, feel→felt),但无被动语态(不能说 The flower is looked beautiful.)。
即时训练
1.(2022·江苏无锡·中考真题)—Dad, what’s for dinner? It ________ nice!
—I’m cooking chicken soup.
A. tastes B.smells C.looks D.feels
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——爸爸,晚饭吃什么?闻起来很香!——我正在煮鸡汤。
考查动词辨析。tastes尝起来;smells闻起来;looks看起来;feels感觉。根据“Dad, what’s for dinner?”以及“I’m cooking chicken soup.”可知,正在煮鸡汤,应该是闻起来很香。故选B。
2.(2020·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—Mum, I'm hungry.
—There____some biscuits on the table. Enjoy them, please.
A. is B.are C.has D.have
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我饿了。——桌子上有一些饼干,请吃吧。
考查there be句型。There be句型表示“有”,所以不能再用have/has;根据其后some biscuits是名词复数可知,be动词要用are。故选B。
3.(2025·江苏扬州·三模)Runyang Bridge ________ in service in 2005 and it has developed the economy between Yangzhou and Zhenjiang.
A.was B.is C.has been D.will be
【答案】A
【详解】句意:润扬大桥在2005年投入使用,并且它促进了扬州和镇江之间的经济发展。
考查句子时态。was一般过去时;is一般现在时;has been现在完成时;will be一般将来时。根据时间状语in 2005可知,此处描述润扬大桥在过去的某个时间开始服役,应使用一般过去时。故选A。
4.(2025·江苏淮安·一模)—______ you free this weekend?
—Yes, but I need to look after my little sister.
A. Do B.Are C.Did D.Will
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——这周末你有空吗?——是的,但是我需要照顾我的小妹妹。
考查be动词。此处是结构be free“有空”,变一般疑问句时把be动词提前。故选B。
2. 实义动词:
· 概念:含具体动作或状态含义,可独立作谓语,按是否接宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。
· 及物动词:必须接宾语表达完整意义,可分为以下几类:单宾语动词(如accept sth., find sth.等);双宾语动词(如give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.等);复合宾语动词(如make sb. do sth., see sb. do/doing sth.等);后接动名词的固定搭配(如finish doing, practise doing等);后接不定式的固定搭配(如hope to do, refuse to do等)。
· 不及物动词:不能直接接宾语,需加介词(如 arrive at/in sp., talk with sb.等),且无被动语态。
分类
用法
例句
及物
动词
能直接跟宾语
She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。
【知识拓展】
1. 单宾语动词:即只可接一个宾语的动词,如:accept接受;discover发现;enjoy享受;forget忘记;borrow借入;buy买;catch抓;invent发明;found建造;like喜欢;find寻找;forget忘记;receive接受;see看见;say说;show展示;make做;tell告诉等。
I’m sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起,我忘了你的地址。
2. 双宾语动词:即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词,如:give给;buy买;pay付款;hand递;read读;return返还;sell卖等。
I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。
3. 接复合宾语的动词:后接宾语和宾补的动词,如:believe相信;find发现;hear听见,听说;keep保持;make使得;see看见等。
They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。
4. 接动名词作宾语的动词:如advise建议;consider考虑;finish完成;imagine想象;practise练习;suggest建议等。
She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。
5. 接不定式作宾语的动词:如agree同意;decide决定,下决心;hope希望;refuse拒绝;manage设法等。
Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。
不及物动词
不能直接跟宾语
He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。
【知识拓展】
常见的不及物动词:ache疼痛;appear出现;arise出现,上升,起立;arrive到达;belong属于;care关心;come来;cough咳嗽;cry哭;die死亡;disappear消失;exist存在,生存;faint昏倒,变得微弱;fall落下;flow流动;go去;happen发生;laugh笑;lie躺;listen听;live生活,居住;look看;occur发生;rise上升,起立;sit坐;smile微笑;swim游泳
即时训练
(1) (2023·山东青岛·中考真题)用所给词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。
review, provide, give, choose, look through
1.A set of paper cutting to the foreign teacher as a gift when he left China last week.
2.—Have you decided on the project for your science club?
—Yes, we “Sea Animals” as our research project already.
3.Every year, our city books and school things for the children in mountain villages.
4.—Where is your brother?
—He the Internet pages for information about how to make zongzi.
5.Welcome to our museum. Today, we what we have achieved in our hometown in the past twenty years.
【答案】1.was given 2.have chosen 3.provides 4.is looking through 5.will review
【解析】1.句意:上周外教离开中国时,一套剪纸被作为礼物送给了他。根据“A set of paper cutting ... to the foreign teacher as a gift”及备选词可推出一套剪纸被作为礼物送给了外教,此处用动词give表示“给”,主语“A set of paper cutting”与give是动宾关系,结合“last week”可知用一般过去时的被动语态,set是单数,be动词用was,give的过去分词given。故填was given。
2.句意:——你决定好科学俱乐部的项目了吗?——是的,我们已经选择了“海洋动物”作为我们的研究项目。根据“Have you decided on the project for your science club?”可推出决定选择“海洋生物”做研究项目,choose“选择”,结合“already”可知用现在完成时,we后接助动词have,choose的过去分词形式chosen。故填have chosen。
3.句意:每年,我市都会为山村里的孩子们提供书籍和学习用品。provide sth. for sb.“为某人提供某物”,结合“Every year”可知用一般现在时,主语“our city”是单数,谓语用动词第三人称单数形式。故填provides。
4.句意:——你哥哥在哪里?——他正在上网浏览有关如何包粽子的信息。根据“the Internet pages for information about how to make zongzi”可推出是在网上浏览关于如何包粽子的信息,look through“浏览”,结合“Where is your brother?”可知介绍正在做什么,用现在进行时,主语“he”后接be动词is。故填is looking through。
5.句意:欢迎来到我们的博物馆。今天,我们将回顾过去二十年来我们在家乡取得的成就。根据“what we have achieved in our hometown in the past twenty years”可推出是回顾家乡过去取得的成就,review“回顾”,根据“Welcome to our museum.”可推出事情还未发生,用一般将来时,其结构为will do。故填will review。
(2) (2023·湖北恩施·中考真题)仔细阅读下面五个句子,然后用方框中所给的单词或短语填空,使每个句子在结构、句义和逻辑上正确。(提示:选项中有一个是多余的。)
A.come true B.swim C. turn to D.proud of E. share F. as long as
1.Humans the same world with animals and plants.
2.We’ll have a bright future we stick to working hard.
3.Summer is coming. Remember not to alone in the river.
4.Whenever you are in trouble, you can the police.
5.Shenzhou XVI was launched successfully on May 30th. We are China’s rapid progress in space industry.
【答案】1.E 2.F 3.B 4.C 5.D
【解析】1.句意:人类与动物和植物共享同一个世界。句中缺少谓语,根据“Humans…the same world with animals and plants”及备选词汇可知,此处是share sth. with sb.“和某人共享某物”。故选E。
2.句意:只要我们坚持努力,我们就会有一个光明的未来。句中缺少连词,此处指只要努力,就会有光明的未来,故用as long as“只要”引导条件状语从句。故选F。
3.句意:夏天来了。记住不要一个人在河里游泳。remember not to do sth.“记得不做某事”,空格处应为动词原形。根据“alone in the river”及备选词汇可知,此处指在河中游泳,故swim符合语境。故选B。
4.句意:每当你遇到麻烦,你都可以求助于警察。句中缺少谓语,根据“Whenever you are in trouble, you can…the police.”及备选词汇可知,此处指遇到麻烦时向警察求助,故turn to“求助于”符合语境。故选C。
5.句意:神舟十六号于5月30日成功发射。我们为中国航天事业的快速发展感到骄傲。根据“We are…China’s rapid progress in space industry.”及备选词汇可知,此处是短语be proud of“以……为骄傲”。故选D。
3. 情态动词:
· 概念:本身有一定的意义,表示人的语气和情态,不可单独作谓语,须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。
· 情态动词的用法:
情态动词
用法
例句
can/could
表示能力,意为"能,会"
I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。
表示许可时,意为"可以,能够",相当于may
She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。
用于推测,表示可能性,意为"可能",could比can更加不肯定,多用于否定或疑问句
The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. 那个男人不可能是我们的老师,他去北京了。
There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面,可能是谁呢?
【知识拓展】
1. can/could和be able to的区别:
不同点:can和could有过去式转化的关系,无其余时态和变形,而be able to可以用于各种时态;
相同点:can( could)表示能力时,可用be able to代替。
I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。
She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了
I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。
may/might
表示允许或许可,意为"可以"
May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的电话吗?
表示征询许可时,might比may的语气委婉
—Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter?我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗?
—Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。
用于表推测时,是"可能,或许"之意,might语气更加不肯定,多用于肯定句
He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. 也许他错了,但我也不确定。
She might be very busy now. 她现在可能非常忙。
must
表示必须,一定要,指说话人的主观语气
You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。
mustn’t表示禁止,意为"千万不要,禁止",是说话人强有力的警告
You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself. 你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。
表示推测时,用于肯定句,意为"想必,一定",否定句中用can’t/couldn’t来代替
This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。
He must be eighty now. 他现在想必有八十岁了。
【易错考点】
1. must的否定回答为No, ...needn’t./No, ...don’t have to,而非No, ...mustn’t..
—Must I clean the classroom now? 我必须现在打扫教室吗?
—Yes, you must. 是的,你必须。/No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t. 不,你不必。
2. must和have to的区别:
①用must表示"必须"的意思时,通常着重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要去做某事;而have to着重于客观需要,含有"不得不"的意思。
We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。
You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了,不得不去看医生。
②用must无变形,have to有各时态的相应形式。
You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。
They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。
would
作为will的过去式,可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等,意为"愿意"
He promised he would never smoke again. 他承诺他再也不吸烟了。
表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向
Their English teacher would tell them stories in English after class. 他们的英语老师总是在课后用英语给他们讲故事。
用于第二人称疑问句中,表示现在的请求、建议,比will的语气委婉
Would you please pass the English-Chinese dictionary on to Mary? 请把这本英汉词典传给玛丽好吗?
should
shall的过去式,用于第一、三人称,多用于间接引语中,以征求对方意见
I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。
表示义务,职责时,意为"应当,应该",往往表示说话者的观点
I think you should read more books.
need
表示"需要,必须",多用于疑问句和否定句
Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗?
You needn’t come so early. 你不必来这么早。
【知识拓展】
need的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, ... must.;否定回答为No, ... needn’t.
—Need he finish the article next week? 他需要下星期完成这篇文章吗?
—Yes, he must. 是的,他必须完成。/No , he needn’t. 不,他不需要。
have to
表示不得不,说明客观条件只能如此;有时态形式的变化;否定式don’t have to意为"不必"(=
needn’t)
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight. 我弟弟病得厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。
即时训练
1.(2025·江苏南京·三模)Ask friends and family to help. If you want to make a very big snowman, you ________ need help to carry the snowballs.
A.can B.could C.can’t D.must
【答案】D
【详解】句意:叫朋友和家人来帮忙。如果你想做一个非常大的雪人,你肯定会需要人帮忙搬雪球。
考查情态动词辨析。can能;could(can的过去式),表过去能力或委婉请求;can’t不能;must必须、肯定,表推测。做大雪人时肯定需要帮忙搬雪球,must契合语境,表必要性推测。故选D。
2.(2025·江苏南京·二模)—Are we allowed to take photos in Dunhuang Museum?
—No, you ________. It does much harm to the artworks over time.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我们被允许在敦煌博物馆拍照吗?——不,你们禁止拍照。随着时间的推移,它对艺术品造成了很大的伤害。
考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必;couldn’t不能;shouldn’t不应该。根据“It does much harm to the artworks over time.”可知,拍照的行为会对艺术品造成很大的伤害,应是禁止拍照。故选A。
3.(2025·江苏镇江·中考真题)It is a rule that passengers ________ smoke in the high-speed railway.
A.wouldn’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.couldn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:乘客禁止在高铁上吸烟是一条规定。
考查情态动词。wouldn’t不会;needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止;couldn’t不能。根据“It is a rule that…”(这是一项规定)可知,此处强调强制性的禁止,故选C。
4.(2025·江苏常州·中考真题)—________ you teach me to play basketball, Simon?
—Sure. Let’s go!
A.Shall B.Can C.Might D.Need
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——西蒙,你能教我打篮球吗?——当然可以。我们走吧!
考查动词辨析。Shall将要;Can可以;Might也许;Need需要,根据“...you teach me to play basketball, Simon?”可知,询问对方是否可以教自己打篮球,故选B。
4. 助动词
· 概念:助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,不能单独用作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构,有人称、数和时态的变化。
助动词do
形式
肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
do
do not
don’t
第三人称单数
does
does not
doesn’t
过去式
did
did not
didn’t
助动词have
形式
肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
have
have not
haven’t
第三人称单数
has
has not
hasn’t
过去式
had
had not
hadn’t
【知识拓展】
助动词do的其他用法:
"do+动词原形"可构成强调句,通常用于肯定句中:
I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。
即时训练
1.(2025·江苏无锡·二模)The chairperson warned that we ________ achieve our dreams if we didn’t work hard.
A.will B.won’t C.would D.wouldn’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:主席警告说,如果我们不努力工作,我们就不会实现梦想。
考查时态。根据句子可知,“we...achieve our dreams”是一个宾语从句,“if we didn’t work hard”是由if引导的条件句,表示假设。主句的动词是过去式warned,因此宾语从句的时态需与主句保持一致,使用过去时,排除A、B;另外,“不努力”会导致“无法实现梦想”,因此结果部分需用否定形式,排除C。故选D。
2.(2025·上海宝山·二模)We ________ any drink. You’d better buy some fruit and vegetables at the supermarket.
A.needn’t B.don’t need to C.don’t need D.not need
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们不需要任何饮料了。你最好在超市买一些水果和蔬菜。
考查动词辨析。need既可以作实义动词,也可以作情态动词。作实义动词时,后接名词、代词或不定式,否定形式要借助助动词don’t/doesn’t等,根据“We... any drink.”中,need后接名词drink,说明need在这里是实义动词,其否定形式要借助助动词don’t,即don’t need,故选C。
3.—________ your parents hard on you?
—Yes. I can never watch TV at home.
A.Do B.Did C.Are D.Were
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你父母对你很严厉吗?——对。我永远不能在家看电视。
考查一般疑问句及时态。Do,用于实义动词前构成否定句和疑问句;Did,do的三单形式;Are是,be的复数和第二人称单数现在时形式;Were是,be的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式。be hard on sb.“对某人严厉”,固定词组,此处指现在的状态,时态为一般现在时,主语为“your parents”,所以用are。故选C。
4.(2023·天津·二模)—________ you ever ________ any prizes in a speaking competition before?
—No, I haven’t.
A.Do; win B.Did; win C.Will; win D.Have; won
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你以前在演讲比赛中拿过奖吗?——不,我没有。
考查一般疑问句。根据答语“No, I haven’t.”可知,本句是现在完成时,用助动词have提问,谓语动词用过去分词,故选D。
5.(2022·江苏苏州·一模)________ not only Simon’ s car but also his friends’ cars ________ last night?
A.Did; break down B.Was; broke down C.Is; broke down D.Were; break down
【答案】A
【详解】句意:昨晚不仅西蒙的车,而且他朋友的车也抛锚了吗?
考查助动词的用法和一般过去时的一般疑问句。did做,干,办某事,助动词(do的过去式);break down(机器或车辆)发生故障,出毛病,break的过去式为broke;is 是,be动词的第三人称单数现在时形式;was是,be的第一和第三人称单数过去式;were是,be的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式;break down是实义动词短语,根据时间状语“last night”可知,句子应是一般过去时,动词是实义动词,故疑问句的助动词应是did,同时句子变疑问,动词要恢复原形。故选A。
考点二 动词的基本形式
形式
规则变化
例句
一般现在时第三人称单数
一般情况在动词后直接加-s
look→looks;work→works
以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词,后加-es
catch→catches;go→goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es
study→studies;try→tries
现在分词
一般情况在动词后直接加-ing
read→reading;go→going
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词,直接加-ing
see →seeing;toe→toeing
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing
love→loving;write→writing
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ing
cut→cutting;put→putting
少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie 为y再加-ing
die→dying;lie→lying
过去式和过去分词
一般情况在动词后直接加-ed
ask→asked;help→helped
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,只加-d
like→liked;live→lived
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed
cry→cried;study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ed
stop→stopped;plan→planned
一、单句填空
1.(2023·海南·中考真题)—How do you s your English name, please?
—D-A-N-I-E-L, Daniel
【答案】(s)pell
【详解】句意:——请问你的英文名字怎么拼写?——D-A-N-I-E-L,丹尼尔。根据“D-A-N-I-E-L”可知是拼写你的英文名字,spell“拼写”,助动词do后加动词原形。故填(s)pell。
2. (2025·四川·中考真题)As children’s first teachers, parents should (encourage) their children to learn how to do chores at home.
【答案】encourage
【详解】句意:作为孩子的第一任老师,父母应该鼓励他们的孩子在家学习如何做家务。空格前为情态动词,空格处应使用动词原形。故填encourage。
3. (2023·江苏无锡·中考真题)Go and have a good sleep, baby. Let me (worry) about these things.
【答案】worry
【详解】句意:去睡个好觉吧,宝贝。让我来担心这些事。let sb (not) do sth“让某人(不)要做某事”,省略to的动词不定式作宾补,根据“Go and have a good sleep, baby”可知,此处指让说话对象去睡个好觉,我来担心这些事,故填worry。
4. (2022·江苏南京·中考真题)The teacher told us that the gravity on Mars (be) only about three-eighths of that on Earth.
【答案】is
【详解】句意:老师告诉我们,火星上的重力只有地球上重力的八分之三。句子含宾语从句,从句描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,主语“the gravity”是第三人称单数,be动词用is。故填is。
5. How about going to the cinema tomorrow? We (not be) there for a while.
【答案】haven’t been
【详解】句意:明天去看电影怎么样?我们已经有一段时间没去那了。根据“for a while”可知,句子用现在完成时have/has done的结构,主语we是复数形式,助动词用have,否定在have后加not,缩写为haven’t,故填haven’t been。
考点三 动词短语
· 动词 + 介词,如:
put into放入
add to增加
break into破门而入
ask for索取,寻找
care about 关心,在乎
come across偶然遇到
take off脱掉;起飞
deal/do with处理
get over克服
get into养成(习惯)
rely on依靠,依赖
pay for偿还,赔偿
provide for/with供给
plan for打算,为……计划
laugh at嘲笑
feel like想要
stick to坚持
look for寻找
listen to听
put on穿上
【知识拓展】常见动词+介词短语汇总
No. 1 动词+away
throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠,分发
carry away运走 run away 潜逃,跑开 go away 走开
stay away远离
No. 2 动词+on
try on试穿,试验 put on穿上,上演 hold on不挂断,坚持,继续 carry on继续开展,坚持 keep on继续 go on继续
get on上(车) focus/concentrate on集中注意力于,关注;
No. 3 动词+over
come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查,复习
get over克服,恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑
take over接受,接管 turn over翻转
No. 4 动词+up
bring up抚育,培养 call up召唤,打电话给 come up走上前来,长出
cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃;
grow up 长大 look up尊敬,向上看,查寻 make up虚构,弥补,组成
put up举起,搭建 set up建立,创(纪录) pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到
show up 揭露,露面 turn up出现,把……调高一点
No. 5 动词+out
come out出来 go out出去,熄灭 look/watch out留神,当心
walk out走出 set out出发,开始 put out扑灭,生产
give out发出,发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选
find out找出,发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产,结果是
get out出去,离开 work out计算出,解决,实行,行得通
· 动词 + 名词,如:
lose patience失去耐心 lose heart灰心 make a bet打赌
make a face做鬼脸 take effect生效 take place发生
take action/measures/steps采取措施 give way让步 make progress取得进步
lose weight减肥 lead the way领路 make a decision决定
take one’s time慢慢来 take exercise做锻炼 take turns轮流
take advice征求意见 make a difference有影响 have a rest休息
【考点点拨】
· 固定搭配需精准记忆,避免混淆(如 look for “寻找” vs. find “找到”,put on “穿上” vs. wear “穿着”)。
· 动词 + 介词结构中,代词作宾语需置于中间(put it on 而非 put on it);名词作宾语可放中间或后面(put the coat on = put on the coat)。
【高频动词短语汇总】
1. blow词组
blow away 吹走
blow off 吹掉,吹散,吹灭
blow out吹灭,走气
blow up,放大(照片),吹大(气球),爆炸,发脾气
2. break词组
break away 摆脱,脱离
break down 出故障,中止,分解、抛锚、破坏,粉碎;瓦解;衰弱,损坏;(健康等)垮掉,累垮;崩溃
break in 打断,插话,闯入,强行进入,使顺服
break into … 闯入……,破门而入,突然开始,把(sth.)分成
break (sth) off (使某物)折断,中断某事物,突然停止,打断,断绝
break out (战争、火灾)突然发生,爆发,准备使用;起锚
break up vt. 分解,分裂,拆散,碎开,开垦,vi.结束
3. bring词组
bring back 拿(送)回来,使恢复,使回忆
bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼,使……苏醒
bring down 使……降低,减少,使……倒下,使……落下,浓缩,收缩,击落
bring in 引进(技术),赚钱,带来(收入),吸收
bring out 拿出,公布,出版,生产,揭露,阐明,使表现出
4. call词组
call at (sp) 访问(某地),拜访(某地),停泊在
call back 回电话
call for 提倡,号召,要求,需要,去接某人,接走某人,迎,取
call / shout for help 呼救
call in 请来,召集,来访,打电话,引入
call off 取消,下令停止
call on / upon 号召
call on (sb) 拜访(某人),访问(某人)
call up 给……打电话,使人想起,号召,召集
5. check词组
check in 报到,登记,投宿旅馆
check on 检查,调查
check out 查明,结帐,付款而离开旅馆
6. come词组
come across 偶然相遇,想起;越过;偿付
come back 回来,想起来,复原
come down 下来,下落,倒下,降落;跌落;病倒
come down to… 到达,从一处来到另一处
come for… 来拿,来取
come from… 来自,出生于,起源于
come in 进来,进入,流行起来;获名次
come into being 形成,产生,出现
come out 露出,出来,出现,出版,发(芽),(花)开,出版;结果是;褪色;(秘密)泄露
come to an end 结束,终止
come to know 逐渐地知道
come true 变为现实,成为事实,证实
come up with … 提出,想出(主意),找出(答案),赶上
7. cut词组
cut down 砍倒,砍下,削减,缩短
cut in 插嘴,加塞,插入
cut off 切断(线路),中断(供应),剪下,关掉
cut into 切成
cut out 删除,剪下来,切下
cut up 切碎,剪碎,剁碎,齐根切掉,割裂,歼灭
8. fall词组
fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默
fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面
fall down 倒下,落下,掉下,病倒,失败
fall in love with...爱上(某人)
9. get词组
get across 度过,通过,横过;说服,使被理解
get along 前进,进步;同意;离去,相处
get away 移走,逃离(from),出发,开始度假
get back 回来,取回,找回,退还,报复
get behind 落后;识破
get close to 接近
get down vt.咽下;写下;使沮丧,使倒下vi.下来
get in 进入,收获,达到,陷入;牵涉
get in a word 插话
get into 进入,陷入,养成
get off 下车,脱下(衣服等),送走,动身
get on 上车,过活,穿上;进步,使前进;成功;相处
get on / along with… 进展,与……相处
get out vi. 摆脱,出去,下车,泄露,离开
get over 克服,恢复,原谅,越过,痊愈;克服,完成
get up 起床,起身,研究,钻研;致力于;安排
get through 接通(电话),完成(工作),通过(议案、考试等),到达
get ready for 为……做准备
10. give词组
give away 赠送,给予,背弃,泄露,分发,牺牲,颁发
give back 归还,送回
give in 投降,让步,屈服
give up 放弃
give out vt.分发,公布,发出,使筋疲力尽 vi.用完,用完,耗尽
11. look词组
look at 看着,注视,检查,着眼于
look after 照顾,照料,照看
look around四处看看,四下环顾
look back 回首,回忆,回顾过去
look forward to sth /doing sth 盼望,期盼某事物/做某事
look for 寻找,期望
look out 向外看;注意,当心,提防,警惕
look through 看透,仔细查看,浏览,翻阅,温习
12. make词组
make into 制成,作成(后面跟产品,制成品)
be made in 在……生产/制造
be made of 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(物理变化)(能看出)
made from 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(化学变化)(看不出)
be made up of = consist of 由……组成,由……构成]
make out 理解,看清楚
make up 化妆,打扮,和解,配制,编造,虚构,构成,组成
made up one’s mind 下决心
make a choice 做出选择
make a commitment 承诺,保证
13. pick词组
pick off 摘下
pick out 挑选,认出
pick up 开车接(某人),接收,获得,搭载,恢复,爬起,捡起,学会,认识,购买(便宜商品)
pick up with...结识,与...交朋友
14. put词组
put away 将某物收拾起来,存钱,储存,存起来
put down 扑灭,平息,镇压,记下,记下;削减;降落
put forward 提出,建议,推荐,拨快,提倡
put in 驶入,进入
put off 延期,拖延,消除;推脱,脱下
put on (戏)上演,放(唱片),穿戴,增加,拨快(钟表),推荐
put out 扑灭,熄灭,使……停止燃烧,伸出,出版,生产,拿出,制造,刺杀
put up 挂起,张贴,举起,抬起,搭起,建立,提名,推荐;陈列
15. take词组
take after 与某人相像,仿效
take away 拿走,使离开。减去;夺去
take away from… 从……带/拿走
take back 退回,拿回,收回,取消
take down 拿下,记下,记录,占领,拆毁,使病倒
take in 吸收,接纳,上当,轻信,领会;留宿
take off (飞机)起飞,脱掉(衣帽/鞋),成名,成功,很快上升,开始流行/畅销
take out 拿出,取出,去除,取得(专利权)
16. think词组
think about 思考,考虑(是否去做)
think of 想到,想起,认为,对……有看法/想法
think of ...as...把...看作
think over 仔细考虑
17. turn词组
turn back 折回,往回走
turn … away 赶走……,辞退……,把……打发走,转脸不睬,使转变方向
turn down 关小/调低(音量/热度),拒绝,折叠,翻下,驳回,拒绝考虑
turn over 把……翻过来,翻动,犁翻(土地),细想
turn in 交进,上缴,归还
turn on 打开(灯,气,水,电器等),反对;依靠,依赖,取决于
turn off 关掉(灯,气,水,电器等),解雇,避开(问题)
turn…into… 把……变成……,转变成,走进
turn up 把音量开大,卷起,翻起,发生,出现,到达
一、完成句子
1.(2025·广东广州·二模)汤姆想知道他应该选择什么礼物,所以他去问好朋友露西。
Tom wanted to know so he asked his best friend Lucy for help.
【答案】 what gift he should choose
【详解】know后需要接宾语从句来补充Tom想知道的内容,“什么礼物”what gift;“应该”should;“选择”choose。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。故填what;gift;he;should;choose。
2.(2024·重庆九龙坡·三模)过马路时要小心! (完成译句)
Be careful when you the road!
【答案】cross
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空格处缺少“过”,cross“穿过”,动词,cross the road“穿过马路”,该句是一般现在时,主语是“you”,谓语动词用原形。故填cross。
3.我们的行动会带来不同,并引领一个更好的未来。
Our actions can and lead to a better future.
【答案】make a difference
【详解】分析题干可知要翻译的是“带来不同”,对应的英文表达是“make a difference”,情态动词can后用动词原形,故填make a difference。
4.根据汉语意思完成英语句子,每个空格填一个单词。
1 学会寻求帮助很重要。
It’s important to learn to help.
2 现在,越来越多的学生下课后进行体育锻炼。
Now more and more students after class.
3 只背诵知识而不认真思考,这样的学习是无意义的。
It's to study only by memorizing knowledge without thinking .
4 我们的语文老师总是引导我们欣赏古诗词的美。
Our Chinese teacher always guides us to the of ancient poetry.
5 我很惊讶的发现孩子们在物理课上使用这些很平常的材料发电。
I was surprised to see the children used these common to electricity in their physics class.
【答案】1. ask for 2. do sports 3. meaningless seriously 4. appreciate beauty 5. materials generate
【解析】1.通过中英文对比可知,英文句子缺少“寻求”,根据句意可知,此句是一般现在时态的固定句型。此句的句型是It is +adj.+to do sth.根据空前动词不定式符号to 可知,此空应填动词原形,结合句意可知,此空是“寻求”的意思,答案为ask for。
2.通过中英文对比可知,英文句子缺少“体育锻炼”,根据句意可知,此句是一般现在时态的陈述句。根据主语more and more students可知,谓语要用动词原形,由动词短语do sports体育运动,体育锻炼,故答案为do sports。
3.通过中英文对比可知,英文句子缺少“无意义的;认真”,根据句意可知,此句是一般现在时态的固定句型。此句的句型是It is +adj.+to do sth.根据句子结构可知,第一空,应填形容词,结合句意可知,应填meaningless;第二空,根据空前thinking可知,此空应填副词,结合句意可知,应填seriously ,故答案为meaningless;seriously。
4.通过中英文对比可知,英文句子缺少“欣赏;美”,根据句意可知,此句是一般现在时态的陈述句。根据固定用法guide sb to do sth.引导某人做某事。第一空,由空前动词不定式符号to可知,此空应填动词原形,结合句意可知,是“欣赏”的意思,应填appreciate,第二空,根据空前定冠词the,空后介词of可知,此空应填名词,结合句意可知,是“美”的意思,应填beauty,故答案为appreciate;beauty。
5.通过中英文对比可知,英文句子缺少“材料;发电”,根据句意可知,此句是一般过去时态的宾语从句。结合句意可知,第一空,根据空前形容词common可知,此空应填名词“材料”materials;第二空,根据空前动词不定式符号to可知,此空应填动词原形,结合句意可知,此空是“发电”的意思,应填generate,故答案为materials;generate。
【点睛】根据汉语意思完成句子,首先要通读汉语,了解这个句子所要表达的意思;然后再阅读英文,找出其中要考查的内容,观察一下要求翻译的汉语,然后想一下相关的词汇、句型,并考虑时态、语态、词形的变化、主谓一致等问题;最后翻译出所缺的英文部分。例如,第1小题,通过中英文对比可知,英文句子缺少“寻求”,根据句意可知,此句是一般现在时态的固定句型。此句的句型是It is +adj.+to do sth.根据空前动词不定式符号to 可知,此空应填动词原形,结合句意可知,此空是“寻求”的意思,答案为ask for。
二、单项选择
1.— Why not ________ John a toy car for his birthday?
— Good idea! He is crazy about cars.
A. buy B.buying C.to buy D.buys
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——为何不给约翰买一个玩具小汽车来作为他的生日礼物呢?——好主意。他对汽车很是痴迷。
考查固定句型。“Why not +动词原形”表示征求建议的语气,意为“为何不……?”,A选项符合句子结构,故选A。
2.I saw Li Ming ______ near the river on my way home.
A.plays B.playing C.to play D.played
【答案】B
【详解】句意:回家的路上我看见李明正在河边玩。考查动词固定用法,see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事(的全过程); see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事(强调该动作正在进行)。故答案选B。
一、单项选择
1.________! Mr. Brown is waiting for us in the meeting room.
A.Fall over B.Hurry up C.Clear out
【答案】B
【详解】句意:快点!布朗先生正在会议室等我们。
考查动词短语辨析。Fall over摔倒;Hurry up快点;Clear out清理。根据“Mr. Brown is waiting for us in the meeting room.”可知,布朗先生在等待,需催促对方加快动作。故选B。
2.(2025·福建漳州·模拟预测)DeepSeek-R1 shows the world that great things _________ new ideas.
A.come out B.come from C.come into
【答案】B
【详解】句意:DeepSeek-R1向世界证明,伟大的成就源于新的想法。
考查动词短语辨析。come out出现、出版;come from源自、来自;come into进入、获得。根据“DeepSeek-R1 shows the world that great things…new ideas.”句意,可知强调“伟大成就的来源是新想法”,故选B。
3.(2025·福建厦门·二模)—Why are you late for class again, Bob?
—Sorry, I failed to ________ when my alarm went off.
A. lie down B.fall asleep C.get up
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——鲍勃,你为什么上课又迟到了?——对不起,闹钟响的时候我没能起床。
考查动词短语。lie down躺下;fall asleep入睡;get up起床。根据“Sorry, I failed to ...when my alarm went off.”可知,闹钟响了却没能起床,导致上课迟到。故选C。
4.(2025·江苏淮安·二模)He spends most of time in his life ________ studying how to prevent air pollution.
A.working on B.to work on C.working out D.to work out
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他一生中大部分时间都致力于研究如何防止空气污染。
考查动词短语和非谓语动词。work on致力于,从事 (某项工作或研究);work out解决,计算出,制定出。根据空后“studying how to prevent air pollution”可知,研究如何防止空气污染是长期的研究目标,应用“work on”,排除C和D;spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”,固定搭配,其中“in”可省略,所以这里应用动名词working,排除B。故选A。
5.(2025·江苏徐州·三模)Local people in Xuzhou like to ________ tents in parks to enjoy the pleasant weather and feel the spring breath.
A.clean up B.put up C.look up D.give up
【答案】B
【详解】句意:徐州当地人喜欢在公园里搭帐篷,享受宜人的天气,感受春天的气息。
考查动词短语。clean up清理;put up搭建、张贴;look up查阅、抬头看;give up放弃。根据“tents in parks”可知,此处表示“搭建帐篷”,应用put up。故选B。
6.(2025·江苏连云港·三模)In the comedy, actors were given no script and had to ________ stories by themselves.
A.make up B.set up C.take up D.put up
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在这部喜剧中,演员们没有剧本,只能自己编故事。
考查动词短语。make up编造;set up建立;take up占用;put up张贴。根据“actors were given no script”可知,没有剧本,应是需要自己编故事。故选A。
二、单词拼写
1. (2022·江苏南京·中考真题)Touring, studying and living in Nanjing, you may (find) it changing and growing every day.
【答案】find
【详解】句意:在南京旅游、学习和生活,你会发现它每天都在变化和成长。情态动词may后面用动词原形。故填find。
2.(2022·江苏南京·中考真题)If you don’t tell me what the problem is, I can’t (help) you.
【答案】help
【详解】句意:如果你不告诉我问题出在哪里,我帮不了你。help“帮助”,动词,情态动词“can’t”后接动词原形。故填help。
3. (2025·上海闵行·三模)As an officer at the airport, he has to every traveler’s passport carefully. (exam)
【答案】examine
【详解】句意:作为一名机场官员,他必须仔细检查每位旅客的护照。根据“has to”可知,此处需填入动词原形,表示“检查”的动作。exam的动词形式为“examine”,意为“检查”。故填examine。
4. (2023·江苏宿迁·三模)Teachers (主动提出) me a lot of help when I meet with all kinds of problems.
【答案】offer
【详解】句意:当我遇到各种各样的问题时,老师会给我很多帮助。根据汉语提示可知,应填offer“主动提出”,本句为陈述事实,所以时态为一般现在时,且主语Teachers为复数,所以谓语动词用原形,故填offer。
三、语法填空
(一)
(2023·浙江衢州·中考真题)阅读下面材料,按照句子结构的语法情况和上下文连贯的要求,在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。每空不超过两词。
Mr. Smith is our school gardener. He is 1 old man with a head of white hair. He works hard 2 (make) our school green and lively. No matter in the winter cold or in the summer heat, he is never late 3 work. He goes to work early in the morning and only leaves in the evening.
Every day, he 4 (wear) a grey hat and a pair of blue trousers. He cleans the leaves in the garden three 5 (time) a day. He also plants trees and waters flowers. When he is working, he is very serious. He even gets angry when we try to talk to 6 (he). He is always quiet during his working time.
7 , he becomes a different person after finishing all the work. He will talk to us about his family and friends 8 (happy). He always puts a smile on our faces, just like our dear grandfather.
Mr. Smith makes our school 9 (beautiful) than before and we are glad to have such a school gardener. He 10 (love) by everyone in our school.
【答案】
1.an 2.to make 3.for 4.wears 5.times 6.him 7.However 8.happily 9.more beautiful 10.is loved
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者学校的园丁——史密斯先生。
1.句意:他是个白发苍苍的老人。此处表示泛指,且old是以元音音素开头的,故填an。
2.句意:他努力工作,使我们的学校绿色和生气勃勃。“努力工作”的目的是为了“让学校变得好看”,所以用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to make。
3.句意:无论冬天寒冷还是夏天炎热,他上班从不迟到。be late for“迟到”,固定搭配,故填for。
4.句意:每天,他戴着一顶灰色的帽子和穿着一条蓝色的裤子。根据“Every day”可知,此句是一般现在时,主语he是第三人称单数形式,动词用三单,故填wears。
5.句意:他一天三次清理花园里的树叶。three times a day“一天三次”,表示频率,故填times。
6.句意:当我们试图和他说话时,他甚至会生气。介词to后接宾格him,故填him。
7.句意:然而,在完成所有的工作后,他变成了一个不同的人。“he becomes a different person after finishing all the work”与前文是转折关系,此空后有逗号,应填副词however表示“然而”,故填However。
8.句意:他会愉快地和我们谈论他的家人和朋友。此空修饰动词talk,应填副词happily“开心地”,故填happily。
9.句意:史密斯先生使我们的学校比以前更美丽,我们很高兴有这样的学校园丁。make sth+形容词,表示“使某物……”,根据than可知,此空应填形容词比较级,故填more beautiful。
10.句意:他受到我们学校每个人的喜爱。根据by everyone可知,此处用被动语态,陈述事实用一般现在时,故此处应用一般现在时被动语态,主语he是第三人称单数形式,助动词用is,故填is loved。
(二)
(2024·浙江·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Martin is a boy full of questions. He asks questions all day long and 1 (hope) to get the answers at once.
One morning, he looked up at the sky 2 asked, “What makes the day? What makes the night? And how?”
“The earth travels around the sun. It turns to face the sun to make the day and turns away from the sun to make the night,” said 3 (he) father. “Now please, will you go and play?”
But the boy didn’t want 4 (play). He looked up, down, and all around, and said, “I can’t feel the earth turning. Why?”
“The earth is so big. We’re too small to feel it turn.” Dad replied in a much 5 (loud) voice. “Now please, will you go and play 6 a moment?”
Martin tried. He played with some 7 (toy), and then studied the pictures of the sun and the earth, but questions were still everywhere!
At bedtime, while his mother 8 (tell) him a story. Martin couldn’t help asking. “ 9 can see the sun now?”
“People on the other side of the earth,” Mom answered gently. “Hmm,” she thought, “maybe he will become 10 great scientist in the future.”
Martin lay in his bed and kept on thinking about the sun, the earth, the moon and the stars.
【答案】
1.hopes 2.and 3.his 4.to play 5.louder 6.for 7.toys 8.was telling 9.Who 10.a
【导语】本文讲述了一个名叫Martin的男孩对世界充满好奇心,不断提出问题并渴望得到答案的故事。
1.句意:他整天问问题,并希望马上得到答案。根据“He asks questions all day long and ...”可知,时态为一般现在时,and表示并列关系,故此处应用hope的三单hopes,与asks一起作并列谓语。故填hopes。
2.句意:一天早晨,他仰望天空并问道。根据“One morning, he looked up at the sky ... asked”可知,空格前后是递进关系,应用and连接。故填and。
3.句意:“地球绕着太阳转。它转向面对太阳形成白天,转向背对太阳形成夜晚,”他的父亲说。修饰名词“father”应用he的形容词性物主代词his“他的”。故填his。
4.句意:但男孩不想去玩。根据want to do sth.“想做某事”可知,此处应用不定式作宾语。故填to play。
5.句意:爸爸用更大的声音回答。根据“much”是比较级的修饰词可知,此处应用loud的比较级louder,表示“爸爸回答问题的声音更大了”,由此推知他对Martin不停地追问,有些不耐烦。故填louder。
6.句意:现在请你去玩一会儿好吗?for a moment“片刻,一会儿”,固定短语。故填for。
7.句意:他和一些玩具玩了一会,然后研究了太阳和地球的图片,但问题仍然无处不在!some后接名词复数,toy的复数为toys。故填toys。
8.句意:睡觉的时候,他妈妈正在给他讲故事。根据下文“couldn’t help”可知,时态为一般过去时;再根据“while his mother ... him a story.”可知,while从句通常用进行时态,故此处应用过去进行时,结构为was doing。故填was telling。
9.句意:现在谁能看见太阳?根据“People on the other side of the earth,”可知,此处是问谁能看到太阳,who“谁”,句首首字母大写。故填Who。
10.句意:也许他将来会成为一个伟大的科学家。根据“great scientist”可知,此处泛指一位伟大的科学家,且great以辅音音素开头,不定冠词用a。故填a。
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