专题14 构词法（培优专练）（全国通用）2026年中考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

专题14 构词法 目 录 刷考点 精准巩固，扫清盲区 考点1 派生法 考点2 转换法 练思维 聚焦过程，优化策略 测综合 跨界融合，挑战创新 ■刷考点 考点1 派生法 1．Which of the follow prefixes (前缀) doesn’t mean “without”? A．un- B．im- C．in- D．re- 2．In the words “unable” and “unfair”, “un-” means “________”. A．very B．more C．not 3．Which of the following words CANNOT be added the prefix (前缀) “un-” to give it the opposite meaning? A．Happy B．Healthy C．Usual D．expensive 4．Which “re-” in the following words has the same meaning as that in the word “reuse”? A．return B．remain C．recycle 5．—Which one of the following words has a suffix as the word “actor”? —It’s _________. A．soccer B．reporter C．fever D．cheer 6．Which of the following words can we add “in-” as a prefix? A．comfortable B．correct C．possible D．patient 7．Which of the following words has a different prefix to form an opposite meaning? A．polite B．correct C．complete D．expensive 8．Which of the following words can we add the suffix “-ian” to make country names into “nationalities” (国籍)? A．Canada. B．China. C．America. D．Spain. 9．Which of the following words uses the different suffix? A．helpful B．predict C．thoughtful D．cheerful 10．Which of the following words can NOT be added the suffix “or” to form a noun? A．act B．design C．visit D．translate 11．Which of the following words can add the suffix “-ish”? A．Japan B．Italy C．Spain D．Canada 12．We can add suffix (后缀) “-ful” to the following words to form adjectives except ________. A．hope B．use C．end D．care 考点2 转换法 1．Did the English teacher give you any (suggest)? 2．My brother is a good basketball . He plays basketball in the school team. (play) 3．All these interesting experiments can our knowledge.（wide） 4．It’s cool and sunny today. It’s a （relax） day. 5．You may add variety to the comic strips to keep the readers . (interest) 6．Before you read a book,you had better read the (introduce) of the book first. 7．This must be one of her (pride) moments in her busy and hard-working life. 8．Sitting in front of the screen for too long is ．It's bad for your eyes．（healthy） 9．We're always told to be about everything in our life. (truth) 10．China is an (east) country, but America is not. 11．Please make a (decide) to choose which one is the best. 12．It will be a good (choose) to take the high-speed train to Yancheng from Suqian next year. ■练思维 一、单项选择 1．The word “retell” means “to tell again”; “reuse” means “to use again”; “________” probably means “to play again”. A．replay B．misplay C．display D．interplay 2．Which of the following suffixes（后缀）means "without"？ A．—able B．—ful C．—ous D．—less 3．Which of the following suffixes(后缀)means "without"? A．–able B．–ful C．–ous D．–less 4．Frederick _______entered the final competition last month. His hobby has brought him _______. A．successful ; success B．successful ; successfully C．successfully ; success D．successfully ; successful 5．Which of the following words can NOT be added the prefix "un-" to give it the opposite meaning? A．happy B．healthy C．usual D．polite 6．Which of the following words is formed like "homework"？ A．inventor B．raincoat C．dishonest D．careless 7．The word “________” is formed the same way as “spacecraft”. A．pollution B．uncertain C．interplanetary D．necklace 8．Spring is a colourful season full of beautiful and lively scenes. Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word “colourful”? A．beauty B．friendly C．impossible D．doorbell 9．Which of the following words can be changed into a noun by adding the suffix “-ness”? A．pleasant B．difficult C．worth D．careful 10．Which of the following prefixes(前缀) can turn “agree” into its antonym(反义词)? A．un- B．im- C．in- D．dis- 11．The word “wonderful” has a suffix (后缀). All the following words have suffixes except “________”. A．careless B．development C．introduction D．research 12．Which of the following suffixes（后缀）is the opposite of“-ful”? A．-able B．-ness C．-ous D．-less 13．Which of the following words is created in the same way as “careless” ? A．wonderful B．impatient C．dishonest D．unhappy 14．Which of the following prefixes(前缀) means “doing again”? A．en- B．dis- C．un- D．re- 15．The following words all have the negative prefixes (否定前缀) EXCEPT ________. A．indoor B．unhappy C．inexpensive D．impossible 16．Which of the following words is formed like “unimportant”? A．incorrect B．afternoon C．scientist D．hopeful 17．We can put the prefix “un” before the following words to give them the opposite (相反的) meaning except (除了)________. A．certain B．usual C．important D．active 18．Which of the following suffixes (后缀) means “negative (否定的)”? A．-ous B．-less C．-ful D．–able 19．Which of the following words can be added with the suffix (后缀) "-ness"? A．round B．laugh C．ill D．angry 20．Which of the following words is formed like “impossible”? A．reporter B．blackboard C．dishonest D．harmless 二、根据所给词的适当形式填空 1．The two groups finally reached an after long discussions. (agree) 2．The weather here is , with sudden storms and temperature drops. (change) 3．Emma’s dream is to become a famous when she grows up. (design) 4．Sometimes brothers or sisters will (agree) with each other, but they still care about each other. 5．Nothing is (possible) if you put your heart in it. 6．It is (mean) for us to be a volunteer. 7．It’s very kind of you to help me with my English with great . (patient) 8．Li Jun was (lucky) because his car broke down yesterday. 9．China is an old (east) country in Asia. 10．Because of the wolf, everyone in the town is feeling . (easy) ■测综合 一、完形填空 【试题亮点】本文介绍中国女篮运动员李月汝的成长经历和篮球成就，展现她的坚持与梦想。考点切合本专题，如第3小题考查构词法。 Chinese basketball player Li Yueru is making waves across the world. At only 25 years old, she has already become one of 1 players in the women’s game and stepped onto the WNBA stage in 2022. “I’m glad to have the chance 2 the world that persistence (毅力) is important,” she said 3 in an interview. Li plays basketball with quiet force. Last summer she helped China 4 second place at the FIBA Women’s World Cup. She has something in common with 5 Chinese star Han Xu. They 6 stand more than 2.00 m. They both grew up inside the same national-team system (国家队体系), and sometimes meet on the same court in Shenzhen for midnight training. “We never play 7 each other in official games,” Li laughed. “I respect what Han Xu brings, 8 I want to walk my own way. I want to be known for 9 .” She trained twice a day for years to make that dream come true. In 2021, a dunk (灌篮) 10 by her during a game. She became one of the first Chinese women ever to do so. Now Li plays 11 important role in the basketball world. “Every time I step on the court, I just 12 wait to play basketball,” she said. Off the court she enjoys making dumplings and 13 to old songs. 14 she is free, she returns to her hometown middle school to give lessons to girls who are afraid to pick up basketball. Li believes that with persistence, anyone can 15 higher. 1．A．good B．well C．better D．the best 2．A．show B．showing C．to show D．shown 3．A．happy B．happily C．happier D．happiness 4．A．take B．taking C．takes D．took 5．A．other B．others C．the other D．another 6．A．both B．all C．either D．neither 7．A．to B．for C．against D．about 8．A．and B．but C．so D．or 9．A．me B．my C．myself D．mine 10．A．make B．made C．is made D．was made 11．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 12．A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．mustn’t 13．A．listen B．listened C．to listen D．listening 14．A．Before B．After C．When D．Until 15．A．reach B．reached C．to reach D．reaching 二、语法填空 【试题亮点】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了芬兰塔梅拉学校使用的机器人教师的特点、作用、校方态度以及机器人的局限性。考查构词法，如第2、5小题。 This is Tammela School, a primary school in Finland. The students are having a math class with their robot teacher. The “Teacher” is 1 small, blue machine about 25 cm high, Reuters reported. Whenever students have problems, it helps them very 2 (patient) and never gets bored. “The robot can make students 3 (active) in class than usual. I see Elias 4 one of the tools to get different kinds of practice and 5 (activity) into the classroom,” a teacher told Reuters. So far the school has introduced four robot teachers, and one of 6 (they) is a language teacher who can speak 23 languages and dance to music. “It is necessary 7 (encourage) kids to come up with new ways to make use of technology in school life,” the head of the school 8 (add) in the interview. Nowadays, the robot teachers 9 (use) to help improve learning. This doesn’t mean that human teachers will lose their jobs. The robots can teach well, 10 they are not able to keep the class in order. The school still needs human teachers. 8 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题14 构词法 目 录 刷考点 精准巩固，扫清盲区 考点1 派生法 考点2 转换法 练思维 聚焦过程，优化策略 测综合 跨界融合，挑战创新 ■刷考点 考点1 派生法 1．Which of the follow prefixes (前缀) doesn’t mean “without”? A．un- B．im- C．in- D．re- 【答案】D 【解析】句意：以下哪个前缀的含义不是“没有”？ 考查构词法。un-，im-和in-都是否定前缀，表示“没有”，re-表示的是“再，重新”。故选D。 2．In the words “unable” and “unfair”, “un-” means “________”. A．very B．more C．not 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在单词“unable”和“unfair”中，“un-”表示“不”。 考查前缀“un-”的含义。very非常；more更多；not不。unable意为“不能”，unfair意为“不公平的”。前缀“un-”常用于表示否定，意为“不”，在“unable”和“unfair”中均表示否定含义，故选C。 3．Which of the following words CANNOT be added the prefix (前缀) “un-” to give it the opposite meaning? A．Happy B．Healthy C．Usual D．expensive 【答案】D 【解析】句意：以下哪个单词不能加上前缀“un -”来赋予其相反的意思？ 考查构词法。“happy”加上“un -”变成“unhappy”，表示“不开心的”；“healthy”加上“un -”变成“unhealthy”，表示“不健康的”；“usual”加上“un -”变成“unusual”，表示“不寻常的”；“expensive”的反义词是“cheap”，不能通过加“un -”前缀来构成反义词。故选D。 4．Which “re-” in the following words has the same meaning as that in the word “reuse”? A．return B．remain C．recycle 【答案】C 【解析】句意：下列单词中哪一个“re-”跟单词“reuse”的“re-”含义相同？ 考查派生法。return返回；remain仍然；recycle回收。return一词中的前缀re-表示“back”、remain中的前缀re-则表示强调，recycle和reuse两个单词中的前缀re-都表示“again，再一次”。故选C。 5．—Which one of the following words has a suffix as the word “actor”? —It’s _________. A．soccer B．reporter C．fever D．cheer 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——以下哪个单词和“actor”一词有相同的后缀？——是“reporter”。 考查构词法。actor演员，是由单词“act”和后缀“or”构成的；soccer足球，无后缀；reporter记者，是由单词“report”和后缀“er”构成的；fever发烧，无后缀；cheer欢呼，无后缀。故选B。 6．Which of the following words can we add “in-” as a prefix? A．comfortable B．correct C．possible D．patient 【答案】B 【解析】句意：以下哪个单词可以加前缀“in-”？ 考查构词法。comfortable舒服的，加前缀后是uncomfortable，使用前缀“un-”；correct“正确的”，加前缀后是incorrect，使用前缀“in-”；possible“可能的”，加前缀后是impossible，使用前缀“im-”；patient“耐心的”，加前缀后是impatient，使用前缀“im-”。故选B。 7．Which of the following words has a different prefix to form an opposite meaning? A．polite B．correct C．complete D．expensive 【答案】A 【解析】句意：以下哪个单词使用不同的前缀来形成相反的意思？ 考查前缀辨析。polite有礼貌的，反义词为impolite，前缀是im-；correct正确的，反义词为incorrect，前缀是in-；complete完整的，反义词为incomplete，前缀是in-；expensive昂贵的，反义词为inexpensive，前缀是in-。A项使用im-前缀，而B、C、D项均使用in-前缀，因此A项的前缀不同。故选A。 8．Which of the following words can we add the suffix “-ian” to make country names into “nationalities” (国籍)? A．Canada. B．China. C．America. D．Spain. 【答案】A 【解析】句意：以下哪个单词可以加上后缀“-ian”，使国名变成“国籍”？ 考查构词法。Canada加拿大；China中国；America美国；Spain西班牙。Canada加拿大，添加“-ian”后缀后变为Canadian“加拿大人”，可以表示加拿大国籍。故选A。 9．Which of the following words uses the different suffix? A．helpful B．predict C．thoughtful D．cheerful 【答案】B 【解析】句意：以下哪个单词使用了不同的后缀？ 考查单词后缀。helpful有帮助的，形容词，由词根help和后缀-ful构成；predict预测，动词，由前缀pre-和词根dict构成；thoughtful考虑周到的，形容词，由词根thought和后缀-ful构成；cheerful欢快的，形容词，由词根cheer和后缀-ful构成。选项A、C和D都有形容词后缀-ful，选项B无后缀，与其他选项不同。故选B。 10．Which of the following words can NOT be added the suffix “or” to form a noun? A．act B．design C．visit D．translate 【答案】B 【解析】句意：以下哪个单词不能加后缀“or”构成名词？ 考查构词法。act加后缀“or”构成actor意为“演员”；design不能后缀“or”，只加er构成designer意为“设计师”；visit加后缀“or”构成visitor意为“参观者”；translate加后缀“or”构成translator意为“翻译家”。综上所述，只有design不能加or构成名词，故选B。 11．Which of the following words can add the suffix “-ish”? A．Japan B．Italy C．Spain D．Canada 【答案】C 【解析】句意：以下哪个单词可以添加后缀“-ish”？ 考查构词法。Japan日本；Italy意大利；Spain西班牙；Canada加拿大。英语中，在表示国家的名词后加后缀“-ish”，可以构成形容词，表示“……民族的；……语的；……式的”，常用来表示带有该国特点的事物，选项中只有Spain可以加后缀“-ish”，变成Spanish，意为“西班牙的；西班牙语的；西班牙人的”。故选C。 12．We can add suffix (后缀) “-ful” to the following words to form adjectives except ________. A．hope B．use C．end D．care 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们可以在下列单词后加后缀“-ful”构成形容词，除了end。 考查构词法。hope名词“希望”；use名词“使用”；end名词“结束，结局”；care名词“小心，谨慎”。根据后缀“-ful”加在名词后，可构成形容词，表示“充满……的”或“有……特性的”可知，hope加“-ful”变为hopeful“有希望的”；use加“-ful”变为useful“有用的”；care加“-ful”变为careful“小心的，谨慎的”；而end应加“-less”变为endless“无止境的”，不能加“-ful”。故选C。 考点2 转换法 1．Did the English teacher give you any (suggest)? 【答案】suggestions 【解析】句意：英语老师给你什么建议了吗？“any”后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，“suggest”是动词，其名词形式“suggestion”为可数名词，需用复数形式“suggestions”。故填suggestions。 2．My brother is a good basketball . He plays basketball in the school team. (play) 【答案】player 【解析】句意：我哥哥是一个很好的篮球运动员。他在校队打篮球。根据“a good basketball”和“He plays basketball in the school team.”可知，这里表示他是一个篮球运动员，其名词形式为player“运动员”，a后用单数。故填player。 3．All these interesting experiments can our knowledge.（wide） 【答案】widen 【解析】句意：所有这些有趣的实验可以扩大我们的知识。情态动词can后跟动词原形，故形容词wide“宽的”要加后缀n变成动词widen“加宽”。故填widen。 4．It’s cool and sunny today. It’s a （relax） day. 【答案】relaxing 【解析】句意：今天很冷很晴朗。是令人放松的一天。 relax，动词，放松。空格处表示天气是令人放松的，故填relaxing。 5．You may add variety to the comic strips to keep the readers . (interest) 【答案】interested 【解析】句意；为了保持读者的兴趣，你可以给连环画增加花样。空格处缺少形容词做宾补，故名词interest“兴趣”要变成形容词，并修饰人，表示“感兴趣的”。故用interested“感兴趣的”。故填interested。 6．Before you read a book,you had better read the (introduce) of the book first. 【答案】introduction 【解析】句意：在你阅读一本书之前，你最好先阅读这本书的简介。空格处缺少名词，introduce“介绍”，是动词，所以动词要转化为名词introduction“简介”，introduction是不可数名词。故填introduction。 7．This must be one of her (pride) moments in her busy and hard-working life. 【答案】proudest 【解析】句意：在她忙碌而勤劳的生活里，这一定是她最骄傲的时刻之一了。one of+the 最高级+名词复数“最……之一”，因空格前有形容词性物主代词her，故省略定冠词the；故名词pride“骄傲”要转化为形容词的最高级形式proudest，表示最骄傲的。故填proudest。 8．Sitting in front of the screen for too long is ．It's bad for your eyes．（healthy） 【答案】unhealthy 【解析】句意：长时间坐在屏幕前不利于健康。这对你的眼睛不好。空处需用形容词作表语，根据It's bad for your eyes．可知，空处需用healthy对应的形容词unhealthy"不健康的"，此处表示长时间坐在屏幕前不利于健康。故答案为unhealthy。 9．We're always told to be about everything in our life. (truth) 【答案】truthful 【解析】句意：我们总是被告知在生活中每件事都要诚实。 句子成分分析，空格处缺少形容词，故名词truth要转化为形容词truthful诚实的。故答案填truthful。 10．China is an (east) country, but America is not. 【答案】eastern 【解析】句意：中国是一个东方国家，但是美国不是。 句子成分分析，空格处缺少形容词做定语，修饰名词国家country，故名词east要转化为形容词eastern表示东方的。故答案填eastern。 11．Please make a (decide) to choose which one is the best. 【答案】decision 【解析】句意: 请做一个决定来选择哪一个是最好的。 考查固定词组。decide决定，动词，常用结构：decide to do sth.决定做某事。make a decision to do sth.相当于decide to do sth.，固定词组。故答案为decision。 12．It will be a good (choose) to take the high-speed train to Yancheng from Suqian next year. 【答案】choice 【解析】句意：明年从宿迁乘高铁到盐城将是一个很好的选择。 good好的，形容词修饰名词；根据句意结构和单词提示，将动词choose改为名词choice。故填choice。 ■练思维 一、单项选择 1．The word “retell” means “to tell again”; “reuse” means “to use again”; “________” probably means “to play again”. A．replay B．misplay C．display D．interplay 【答案】A 【解析】句意：单词“retell”意味着再说一次；“reuse”意味着再用一次；“replay”意味着再玩一次。 考查词义辨析。replay重放；misplay失误；display显示；interplay相互影响。根据“The word “retell” means “to tell again”; “reuse” means “to use again””可知，表示“再……一次”的单词前缀用re，故选A。 2．Which of the following suffixes（后缀）means "without"？ A．—able B．—ful C．—ous D．—less 【答案】D 【解析】句意：下列哪个后缀表示“没有”？ 考查后缀。—able表示“能被……”；—ful表示“充满……”；—ous表示“具有……的”；—less表示“否定（不，无）”，结合所给选项，后缀less意味着“没有”，故选D。 3．Which of the following suffixes(后缀)means "without"? A．–able B．–ful C．–ous D．–less 【答案】D 【解析】句意：下面哪一个后缀的意思是“没有”？ 考查构词法。-able是形容词后缀；-ful是形容词后缀；-ous形容词后缀；-less是否定后缀，表示“没有，不”。故选D。 4．Frederick _______entered the final competition last month. His hobby has brought him _______. A．successful ; success B．successful ; successfully C．successfully ; success D．successfully ; successful 【答案】C 【解析】句意：弗雷德里克上个月成功地进入了决赛。他的爱好给他带来了成功。 考查副词和名词辨析。successful成功的，形容词，修饰名词；success成功，名词； successfully成功地，副词，修饰形容词或动词。enter（进入）是动词，需用副词修饰，前空可排除AB两项；bring带来，及物动词，需接名词做宾语，后空可排除BD选项。根据句意结构和语境，可知选C。 5．Which of the following words can NOT be added the prefix "un-" to give it the opposite meaning? A．happy B．healthy C．usual D．polite 【答案】D 【解析】句意：下面哪一个单词不能加前缀un变成反义词？happy开心的，幸福的；unhappy是不开心的；healthy健康的，unhealthy是不健康的；usual平常的，unusual不同寻常的；polite有礼貌的，反义词应该是impolite，应加前缀im-，故D符合题意。 6．Which of the following words is formed like "homework"？ A．inventor B．raincoat C．dishonest D．careless 【答案】B 【解析】句意：以下哪一个词是和“家庭作业”构成是一样的？ homework是名词home家和名词work工作结合而成，raincoat是有两个名词rain雨和coat外套结合而成，inventor是动词invent加后缀or。dishonest 是形容词honest加否定前缀dis；careless 是动词care 加否定后缀 less。故选B。 7．The word “________” is formed the same way as “spacecraft”. A．pollution B．uncertain C．interplanetary D．necklace 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“necklace”一词与“spacecraft”一词的构成方式相同。 考查构词法。pollution是由动词“pollute”（污染）加上后缀“-ion”派生而成，表示“污染状态”，属于派生词；uncertain是由形容词“certain”（确定的）加上前缀“un-”（表示否定）派生而成，意思是“不确定的”，属于派生词；interplanetary是由前缀“inter-”（表示“之间”）和词根“planetary”（行星的）组合而成，但“planetary”本身是派生词（来自“planet”），因此整体属于派生词；necklace是由两个独立单词“neck”（脖子）和“lace”（带子）组合而成的复合词。spacecraft是由两个独立单词“space”（太空）和“craft”（船）组合而成的复合词，意思是“航天器”，与necklace构词法相同。故选D。 8．Spring is a colourful season full of beautiful and lively scenes. Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word “colourful”? A．beauty B．friendly C．impossible D．doorbell 【答案】B 【解析】句意：春天是一个多姿多彩的季节，充满了美丽和生机勃勃的景色。以下哪一个单词的构成方式与“彩色”一词相同？ 考查构词法。beauty美丽，是名词；friendly友好的，是由名词friend加-ly构成的，是派生词；impossible不可能的，是由否定前缀im和possible构成的，是派生词；doorbell门铃，是由名词door和名词bell构成，是合成词。根据colourful是由名词colour加-ful构成的派生词，因此friendly与colourful构成方式相同。故选B。 9．Which of the following words can be changed into a noun by adding the suffix “-ness”? A．pleasant B．difficult C．worth D．careful 【答案】D 【解析】句意：下列哪一个单词可以加后缀“-ness”而变为名词？ 考查单词派生。pleasant令人愉快的，其名词形式为pleasure“愉快”；difficult困难的，其名词形式为difficulty“困难”；worth值得的，其名词形式是worth“价值”；careful小心的，其名词形式为carefulness，意为“细心”。故选D。 10．Which of the following prefixes(前缀) can turn “agree” into its antonym(反义词)? A．un- B．im- C．in- D．dis- 【答案】D 【解析】句意： 下面哪个前缀可以把“agree”变成它的反义词？ 考查派生。四个选项都是否定前缀，agree“同意”的反义词为disagree，故选D。 11．The word “wonderful” has a suffix (后缀). All the following words have suffixes except “________”. A．careless B．development C．introduction D．research 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“wonderful”这个词有一个后缀。除“research”外，以下所有单词都有后缀。 考查构词法。careless“马虎的”，后缀是-less；development“发展”，后缀是-ment；introduction“介绍”，后缀是-ion；research“研究”，无后缀。故选D。 12．Which of the following suffixes（后缀）is the opposite of“-ful”? A．-able B．-ness C．-ous D．-less 【答案】D 【解析】句意：以下哪个后缀是“-ful”的反义词？ 考查构词法。-able能……的，会……的，可以……的；-ness……的性质；-ous拥有，具有或充满；-less没有，无。根据“-ful”可知，此后缀表示“充满”，故其反义词为“没有，无”。故选D。 13．Which of the following words is created in the same way as “careless” ? A．wonderful B．impatient C．dishonest D．unhappy 【答案】A 【解析】句意：下面哪个词的构成形成和“careless”一样？ 考查构词法。wonderful精彩的；impatient没耐心的；dishonest不诚实的；unhappy不开心的。careless由care加后缀-less构成，wonderful也由wonder加后缀-ful构成，二者构成方式一致。故选A。 14．Which of the following prefixes(前缀) means “doing again”? A．en- B．dis- C．un- D．re- 【答案】D 【解析】句意：下列哪个前缀表示“再做一次”？ 考查前缀。en-表示“放进”；dis-表示“表示不同意，反对或者分开，分离”；un-表示“不，无，未，非”；re-表示“再，重新”。故选D。 15．The following words all have the negative prefixes (否定前缀) EXCEPT ________. A．indoor B．unhappy C．inexpensive D．impossible 【答案】A 【解析】句意：除“indoor”外，以下单词都有否定前缀。 考查单词的构成。indoor室内的，形容词，没有否定前缀；unhappy不快乐的，在happy的基础上加否定前缀un；inexpensive廉价的，在expensive的基础上加否定前缀in；impossible不可能的，在possible的基础上加否定前缀im。因此没有否定前缀的单词是indoor。故选A。 16．Which of the following words is formed like “unimportant”? A．incorrect B．afternoon C．scientist D．hopeful 【答案】A 【解析】句意：下面哪个单词的构成形式类似于“unimportant”？ 考查构词法。incorrect不正确的，correct前加否定前缀in-；afternoon下午，是after和noon合成；scientist科学家，把science中的ce变成t，再加ist；hopeful充满希望的，hope后面加后缀-ful。单词“unimportant”是important前加否定前缀im-而来，与A选项的构成方法相同。故选A。 17．We can put the prefix “un” before the following words to give them the opposite (相反的) meaning except (除了)________. A．certain B．usual C．important D．active 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们可以把前缀“un”放在下面的单词之前，除了哪一个，其他会成为它们相反意思的词？ 考查构词法。certain确定的；usual寻常的；important重要的；active积极的；A、B、C项的单词前面加-un都可以成为原本单词的反义词；即uncertain不确定的；unusual不同寻常的；unimportant不重要的；active的反义词是inactive。故选D。 18．Which of the following suffixes (后缀) means “negative (否定的)”? A．-ous B．-less C．-ful D．–able 【答案】B 【解析】句意：哪一个后缀意味着“否定的”？ 考查单词后缀。根据常识可知，less的后缀是有否定含义的后缀，故选B。 19．Which of the following words can be added with the suffix (后缀) "-ness"? A．round B．laugh C．ill D．angry 【答案】C 【解析】句意：下面哪一个单词可以加后缀“-ness”？ 考查构词法。round形容词，圆的；laugh动词，笑；ill形容词，生病的；angry形容词，生气的。根据构词法可知选项中只有“ill”可以派生成名词“illness”。故选C。 20．Which of the following words is formed like “impossible”? A．reporter B．blackboard C．dishonest D．harmless 【答案】C 【解析】题意：下列哪一个单词的组成形式与单词“impossible”相同？ 考查构词法。A. reporter记者，report加后缀-er；B. blackboard黑板，black和board合成；C. dishonest不诚实的，honest加前缀dis-；D. harmless无害的，harm加后缀-less。单词“impossible”为possible加前缀im-而来，与C选项的构成方法相同，故选C。 二、根据所给词的适当形式填空 1．The two groups finally reached an after long discussions. (agree) 【答案】agreement 【解析】句意：经过长时间讨论后，这两个小组最终达成了一致。空格前是不定冠词，后跟可数名词单数；agree的名词形式是agreement，表示“意见一致，同意”；reach an agreement表示“达成一致”，为固定搭配。故填agreement。 2．The weather here is , with sudden storms and temperature drops. (change) 【答案】changeable 【解析】句意：这里的天气多变，常有突如其来的暴风雨和气温骤降。is为be动词，后跟形容词做表语；change的形容词形式是changeable“多变的”，用于修饰weather多变。故填changeable。 3．Emma’s dream is to become a famous when she grows up. (design) 【答案】designer 【解析】句意：Emma的梦想是长大后成为一名著名的设计师。动词design意为“设计”，根据句意可知需要名词形式designer表示“设计师”，且前面有不定冠词a修饰，故填designer。 4．Sometimes brothers or sisters will (agree) with each other, but they still care about each other. 【答案】disagree 【解析】句意：有时兄弟姐妹会彼此意见不合，但他们仍然关心对方。根据“but they still care about each other”可知，这里指彼此意见不合，此处需填反义词，disagree“不同意”，是动词，will后接动词原形，故填disagree。 5．Nothing is (possible) if you put your heart in it. 【答案】impossible 【解析】句意：只要你用心，没有什么是不可能的。根据“if you put your heart into it.”可知，此处应是没有什么是不可能的，possible“可能的”，形容词，此处应是其反义词impossible“不可能的”。故填impossible。 6．It is (mean) for us to be a volunteer. 【答案】meaningful 【解析】句意：对我们来说，成为一名志愿者是有意义的。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作表语，meaningful是其形容词形式。故填meaningful。 7．It’s very kind of you to help me with my English with great . (patient) 【答案】patience 【解析】句意：非常感谢你耐心地帮助我学习英语。根据“with great...”可知，空处应填名词；patient“耐心的”，形容词，名词形式为patience，不可数名词。故填patience。 8．Li Jun was (lucky) because his car broke down yesterday. 【答案】unlucky 【解析】句意：李军很不幸因为他的车昨天坏了。lucky“幸运的”，形容词；由“his car broke down yesterday”可知，应该是不幸的，lucky的反义词是unlucky“不幸的”。故填unlucky。 9．China is an old (east) country in Asia. 【答案】eastern 【解析】句意：中国是亚洲一个古老的东方国家。此空修饰后面的名词“country”，应用形容词，“east”的形容词是“eastern”。故填eastern。 10．Because of the wolf, everyone in the town is feeling . (easy) 【答案】uneasy 【解析】句意：因为这只狼，镇上的每个人都感到不安。easy“安逸的，安心的”，根据“Because of the wolf”可知，狼的出现让每个人都感到不安，uneasy“不安的”，形容词作表语。故填uneasy。 ■测综合 一、完形填空 【试题亮点】本文介绍中国女篮运动员李月汝的成长经历和篮球成就，展现她的坚持与梦想。考点切合本专题，如第3小题考查构词法。 Chinese basketball player Li Yueru is making waves across the world. At only 25 years old, she has already become one of 1 players in the women’s game and stepped onto the WNBA stage in 2022. “I’m glad to have the chance 2 the world that persistence (毅力) is important,” she said 3 in an interview. Li plays basketball with quiet force. Last summer she helped China 4 second place at the FIBA Women’s World Cup. She has something in common with 5 Chinese star Han Xu. They 6 stand more than 2.00 m. They both grew up inside the same national-team system (国家队体系), and sometimes meet on the same court in Shenzhen for midnight training. “We never play 7 each other in official games,” Li laughed. “I respect what Han Xu brings, 8 I want to walk my own way. I want to be known for 9 .” She trained twice a day for years to make that dream come true. In 2021, a dunk (灌篮) 10 by her during a game. She became one of the first Chinese women ever to do so. Now Li plays 11 important role in the basketball world. “Every time I step on the court, I just 12 wait to play basketball,” she said. Off the court she enjoys making dumplings and 13 to old songs. 14 she is free, she returns to her hometown middle school to give lessons to girls who are afraid to pick up basketball. Li believes that with persistence, anyone can 15 higher. 1．A．good B．well C．better D．the best 2．A．show B．showing C．to show D．shown 3．A．happy B．happily C．happier D．happiness 4．A．take B．taking C．takes D．took 5．A．other B．others C．the other D．another 6．A．both B．all C．either D．neither 7．A．to B．for C．against D．about 8．A．and B．but C．so D．or 9．A．me B．my C．myself D．mine 10．A．make B．made C．is made D．was made 11．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 12．A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．mustn’t 13．A．listen B．listened C．to listen D．listening 14．A．Before B．After C．When D．Until 15．A．reach B．reached C．to reach D．reaching 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．C 15．A 【解析】本文介绍中国女篮运动员李月汝的成长经历和篮球成就，展现她的坚持与梦想。 1．句意：年仅25岁的她，已经成为女子比赛中最优秀的球员之一，并于2022年登上了WNBA的舞台。 good好的；well好地；better更好的；the best最好的。根据“one of...players”可知，此处是“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构，表示“最……之一”，故选D。 2．句意：“我很高兴有机会向世界展示毅力很重要。”她在一次采访中高兴地说。 show展示，动词原形；showing展示，动名词或现在分词；to show展示，动词不定式；shown展示，过去分词。have the chance to do sth.“有机会做某事”，是固定搭配。故选C。 3．句意：“我很高兴有机会向世界展示毅力很重要。”她在一次采访中高兴地说。 happy高兴的；happily高兴地；happier更高兴的；happiness幸福。此处修饰动词said，用副词形式happily。故选B。 4．句意：去年夏天，她帮助中国队在FIBA女子世界杯上获得第二名。 take拿，动词原形；taking拿，动名词或现在分词；takes拿，三单形式；took拿，过去式。help sb (to) do sth“帮助某人做某事”，是固定搭配。故选A。 5．句意：她与另一位中国球星韩旭有共同之处。 other其他的；others其他人或物；the other（两者中的）另一个；another（三者及以上的）另一个。根据“Chinese star Han Xu”可知，此处表示三者及以上的另一个，故选D。 6．句意：她们的身高都超过2米。 both两者都；all三者及以上都；either两者中的任何一个；neither两者都不。根据“They...stand more than 2.00 m.”可知，此处指李月汝和韩旭两个人，表示两者都，用both。故选A。 7．句意：我们在官方比赛中从未交手过。 to到；for为了；against反对；about关于。根据“play...each other”可知，此处是“play against”结构，意为“与……对抗”，故选C。 8．句意：我尊重韩旭所带来的，但我想走自己的路。 and和；but但是；so所以；or或者。根据“I respect what Han Xu brings...I want to walk my own way.”可知，前后两句构成转折关系，用but连接，故选B。 9．句意：我想以我自己而闻名。 me我；my我的；myself我自己；mine我的。根据“I want to be known for...”可知，此处指“我自己”，用反身代词myself，故选C。 10．句意：2021年，她在比赛中完成了一个灌篮。 make制作，动词原形；made制作，过去式；is made一般现在时的被动语态；was made一般过去时的被动语态。根据“In 2021, a dunk...by her”可知，主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。 11．句意：现在李在篮球界扮演着重要的角色。 a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指；/零冠词。play an important role“扮演重要角色”，是固定搭配。故选B。 12．句意：每次踏上球场，我都迫不及待地想打篮球。 can’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必；mustn’t禁止。can’t wait to do sth“迫不及待做某事”，是固定搭配。故选A。 13．句意：球场外，她喜欢包饺子和听老歌。 listen听，动词原形；listened听，过去式；to listen听，动词不定式；listening听，动名词或现在分词。enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，是固定搭配。故选D。 14．句意：当她有空的时候，她会回到家乡的中学，给那些害怕拿起篮球的女孩们上课。 Before在……之前；After在……之后；When当……时；Until直到。根据“...she is free, she returns to her hometown middle school”可知，此处指当她有空的时候，她会回到家乡的中学，when符合。故选C。 15.句意：李相信，只要有毅力，任何人都能达到更高的高度。 reach到达，动词原形；reached到达，过去式；to reach到达，动词不定式；reaching到达，动名词或现在分词。can后接动词原形。故选A。 二、语法填空 【试题亮点】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了芬兰塔梅拉学校使用的机器人教师的特点、作用、校方态度以及机器人的局限性。考查构词法，如第2、5小题。 This is Tammela School, a primary school in Finland. The students are having a math class with their robot teacher. The “Teacher” is 1 small, blue machine about 25 cm high, Reuters reported. Whenever students have problems, it helps them very 2 (patient) and never gets bored. “The robot can make students 3 (active) in class than usual. I see Elias 4 one of the tools to get different kinds of practice and 5 (activity) into the classroom,” a teacher told Reuters. So far the school has introduced four robot teachers, and one of 6 (they) is a language teacher who can speak 23 languages and dance to music. “It is necessary 7 (encourage) kids to come up with new ways to make use of technology in school life,” the head of the school 8 (add) in the interview. Nowadays, the robot teachers 9 (use) to help improve learning. This doesn’t mean that human teachers will lose their jobs. The robots can teach well, 10 they are not able to keep the class in order. The school still needs human teachers. 【答案】 1．a 2．patiently 3．more active 4．as 5．activities 6．them 7．to encourage 8．added 9．are used 10．but 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了芬兰塔梅拉学校使用的机器人教师的特点、作用、校方态度以及机器人的局限性。 1．句意：这位“老师”是一个约25厘米高的小型蓝色机器。“machine”为可数名词单数，且此处表泛指，需用不定冠词；“small”以辅音音素开头，故填a。 2．句意：每当学生遇到问题，它都会非常耐心地帮助他们并且从不感到厌烦。所给单词“patient”是形容词，需要将其变为副词形式patiently去修饰前面的动词“help”。故填patiently。 3．句意：这个机器人能让学生在课堂上比往常活跃。根据“make sb.+adj.”结构以及“than”可知这里需要用形容词“active”的比较级形式more active。故填more active。 4．句意：我把Elias当作是一个可以让不同类型的练习和活动进入教室的工具。根据“see sb. as sth.”结构可知横线处需要填介词“as”，意为“当作；看作”。故填as。 5．句意：我把Elias当作是一个可以让不同类型的练习和活动进入教室的工具。根据“different kinds of practice and...”可知需要将名词“activity”变为复数activities，并列前面的名词“practice”。故填activities。 6．句意：到目前为止，该校已经引进了四个机器人教师，他们当中的一个是语言老师，可以说23种语言，还可以跟着音乐跳舞。根据介词of可知，需要将其后的人称代词主格“they”变为宾格them。意为“他们中的一员”。故填them。 7．句意：鼓励孩子们想出新办法，将技术运用到学校生活中是有必要的。根据“It is +adj.+to do sth.”可知这里需要填动词不定式to encourage来充当真正的主语。故填to encourage。 8．句意：该校校长在接受采访时补充道：“有必要鼓励孩子们想出新办法，将技术运用到学校生活中。”所给单词“add”是谓语动词，根据第二段最后“a teacher told Reuters”以及本句后的“in the interview”可知用一般过去时，根据句意也无被动。故填added。 9．句意：现今，这些机器人老师被用来帮助提升学习。“use”为谓语动词，根据句意可知需要用被动形式be used，再根据“Nowadays”和主语“teachers”可知be动词用are。故填are used。 10．这些机器人教的很好，但是他们不能维持课堂秩序。根据句意，此处需要转折连词来说明“虽然教得好但却不能够……”。故填but。 8 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $