江苏省苏州中学校2025-2026学年高三上学期第十五周周练英语试卷

距离2026年高考还有 200 天 2025.11.19 距离2026年高考还有 200 天 2025.11.19 高三第十五周英语小练 本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，满分120分，考试时间70分钟。所有答案均写在答题卡上。 第I卷（选择题，共75分） 第一部分：阅读（共60分） In 1988, Abelardo Morell, a Cuban-born photographer and teacher, transformed an ordinary classroom in Boston into something extraordinary. He covered the windows with black plastic, leaving only a small hole in the material. What happened next amazed his students — an upside-down image of the world outside appeared on the back wall, as if by magic. People walking on the street, trees, and cars were all projected inside the darkened room. This effect is created using a device called a camera obscura, which means “dark room” in Latin. It is one of the oldest forms of image-making, dating back to ancient times. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and scientists such as Aristotle studied this fascinating phenomenon. When light passes through a small hole into a dark space, it reflects and projects the outside scene, but the image appears upside down. This effect amazed early thinkers and eventually led to the invention of the modern camera. Morell was so inspired by the reactions of his students that he decided to take photographs of the images inside the camera obscura. After many experiments in his home, including using his son’s bedroom as a test space, he developed a technique to capture these dreamlike scenes with a real camera. The results were amazing. Morell’s photographs showed a unique mix of the outside world layered over ordinary indoor settings — such as a living room or bedroom — making them look like scenes from a dream. This moment marked the beginning of a new artistic direction for him. Since then, he has created many powerful and creative images by turning rooms into cameras. Morell later built a portable (可以携带的) camera obscura that could be used anywhere — from rooftops in New York to desert landscapes. His goal is to help people see the world in new ways. By combining science, art, and imagination, his work encourages viewers to pause and reflect on the beauty and mystery of everyday surroundings. 1．What happened when Morell covered the windows and made a small hole in the classroom? A．The outside view appeared inside. B．The room filled with strange shadows. C．The outside view was visible but unclear. D．The room turned completely dark and quiet. 2．The artists are mentioned in paragraph 2 in order to _____. A．explain who first came up with the camera obscura B．highlight that Morell’s idea was completely original C．compare modern photography with classical art styles D．show the long history and artistic value of the technique 3．Why did Morell continue developing his camera obscura photography after the classroom experiment? A．His students’ excitement encouraged him to go further. B．He wanted to share the results with other photographers. C．His interest in making creative images amazed his family. D．He was invited to present the project in other classrooms. 4．Which of the following statements is true of Morell’s photos? A．They are taken using mirrors and glass surfaces. B．They are changed with special digital technology. C．They highlight human settings without any added effects. D．They combine scenes from daily life with projected views. The recent economic crisis should have resulted in a crisis in economics itself — specifically, in the dominant ideas about how economies work. The leading macroeconomic (宏观经济的) model failed not only to predict the crisis, but also claimed such a crisis couldn’t happen in markets where people made logical decisions. Policies based on this model helped create the very conditions for the collapse. For years, I’ve challenged this standard model by developing theories where individuals acting with clear judgment interact with imperfect and incomplete information. The results have been damaging for much of the conventional wisdom. For example, with Bruce Greenwald, I showed that Adam Smith’s “invisible hand” often failed to guide markets efficiently — not because it was hidden, but because it wasn’t there at all. Markets don’t function well when information is incomplete or unevenly shared, which is almost always the case. Working with Sanford Grossman, I argued that financial markets can’t be fully efficient in passing information from informed to uninformed participants. If they were, people would have no reason to seek out new information. And with Andrew Weiss, I demonstrated why credit rationing — where some borrowers are denied loans despite willingness to pay higher interest — is common. Lately, I’ve been exploring how these microeconomic (微观经济的) findings apply to macroeconomic issues like GDP, unemployment, and policies for economic stability. The financial crisis, along with the failure of policy efforts to restore full employment or restart lending, makes this research more urgent than ever. Building a new economic framework is a huge challenge. Fortunately, important pieces are already in place. One comes from studying market failures caused by imperfect information. Another is behavioral economics, which examines how real human behavior doesn’t match the predictions of traditional models. Old economic ideas tend to stay, even after being disproven, simply because their supporters stick around. But change is possible. At Columbia, we expose students to a variety of approaches. Many now question outdated theories and ask why they should spend time learning models that clearly don’t match reality. This gives me hope. Institutions like the Institute for New Economic Thinking (INET) are helping by offering resources and platforms that support this shift. With enough support, a better economic model may finally become reality. 5．What does the writer imply about Adam Smith’s theory of the “invisible hand”? A．It might hold true in markets that are heavily regulated. B．It is misleading as it’s based on rare real-world conditions. C．It remains influential despite offering limited practical value. D．It can be helpful for understanding certain market developments. 6．Which of the following reflects one of the author’s findings? A．Markets work well when people make logical decisions. B．Credit rationing disappears when interest rates increase. C．Financial markets cannot pass information to everyone. D．Most markets function efficiently with strong competition. 7．What can be inferred about the author’s attitude toward the economic education at Columbia? A．He believes students show little interest in theoretical economics. B．He thinks students need a better understanding of old economic ideas. C．He is worried that students are questioning popular economic models. D．He feels optimistic as students explore new economic perspectives. 8．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Traditional economic theories need to be revised to reflect how markets function. B．Behavioral economics has become the primary focus of teaching in top universities. C．Credit rationing is a factor in understanding how financial systems respond to crises. D．Economic crises cannot be fully explained by individuals’ poor financial choices alone. At 14, Fraser Doherty was busy making jam after his grandparents taught him a family recipe. He started selling jars of his jam door to door near his parents’ home in Edinburgh. As interest grew, his hobby stated to turn into a business. He now makes 40, 000 jars of jam a month and is well on his way to making his first million. Doherty, who has been chosen to represent Britain in the Global Students Entrepreneurs Awards in Chicago next month, said there are several advantages to having started young: “As a young person you have a different view of the world. You have a naivety and an optimism and are willing to give things a shot. The downside for me isn’t particularly scary. I don’t have a mortgage or kids to worry about so I didn’t have a huge amount to lose if my idea had not worked.” Duncan Cheatle, founder of The Supper Club, a forum for established entrepreneurs in London, agreed that becoming an entrepreneur at a young age has a lot to recommend it. “For young people there is no concept of thinking outside the box because there isn’t a box. There is capacity in young people to see things in a different way that older people lose. And often not being an expert in something can be helpful because if you don’t understand why something works in a certain way you will decide to do it differently.” Emma Jones, founder of Enterprise Nation, the home business website, said that young people were much more confident about using technology as a base for their business than the older generation. “Whole sectors that didn’t exist ten years ago are coming up now because young entrepreneurs are challenging all previous rules and saying technology means that we can do things like this. They have an open capacity to think of new ideas and as a result they are starting very interesting businesses.” 9．According to Doherty, _______ is the competitive edge of young people starting business compared with the older generation? A．ignorance of the reality B．naive pursuit of a hobby C．readiness to try things out D．parents shouldering the financial burden 10．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means young people _______. A．are reluctant to obey the existing rules B．are not bound by established ways of doing things C．have superior ideas to those of the older generation D．will not fall into traps that old people set up for them 11．Which of the following statements will Emma Jones most likely agree with? A．Abandoning all previous rules is a must to establish new sectors. B．As people grow older, they are more open to take a fresh approach. C．Those lacking confidence are less able to start creative businesses. D．The use of technology contributes to the creation of new businesses. 12．The purpose of this passage is to _______. A．inform readers of success stories of young entrepreneurs B．introduce opinions on the advantages of being young entrepreneurs C．discourage young people from taking risks in entrepreneurship D．provide specific guidance on how to become successful young entrepreneurs The Power of Habit We like to think we’re in control of our choices, but the truth is, nearly half of what we do each day unfolds without conscious thought. That first sip of coffee in the morning, the way we instinctively reach for our phones during downtime, even the routes we take to work—all of these follow invisible scripts written by habit. In The Power of Habit, Charles Duhigg masterfully uncovers the invisible patterns that shape our lives, blending cutting-edge science with impressive stories that resonate with young readers seeking self-improvement.   At the core of habit formation lies a simple but powerful habit loop: —a simple yet profound three-step cycle: cue prompts routine, which delivers reward. This neurological blueprint explains why stress sends us straight to the snack cupboard or why boredom leads to mindless scrolling. But once we recognize the loop, we can rewrite it. Duhigg makes this science tangible(有形的) through vivid examples: how call centers train new employees to handle angry customers by rewiring their instinctive reactions into calm, solution-focused responses, or how Olympic swimmers like Michael Phelps use ritualized warm-ups to enter peak performance states. The same principle applies to everyday life. Small, deliberate adjustments—like exchanging social media for a short walk during breaks —can reprogram autopilot behaviors over time.    The work systematically explores the phenomenon of “keystone habits ”—small changes that create ripple effects. Someone who starts exercising regularly might, without even trying, eat healthier or sleep better. A student who commits to organizing their study space may find their focus sharpening in other areas, too. So there is no need to change everything all at once. Identify one habit, nurture it, and let the rest follow.   Habits don’t just shape individuals—they drive communities and movements. Consider how social change happens. Often, it’s not just about big speeches or dramatic moments; it’s about repeated, collective actions that become second nature. When a group of people consistently shows up, speaks out, or supports a cause, those repeated behaviors, sustained over time, have the power to redefine cultures. Of course, reconditioning deeply rooted habits—like procrastination or unhealthy coping mechanisms—isn’t as simple as pressing a switch. Knowledge alone isn’t enough; it takes practice, support, and sometimes even professional guidance. What works is replacing rather than resisting: substituting the unhealthy reward for a healthier one, or anchoring a new routine to an existing cue; in this way we stop being prisoners of routine and start becoming its authors. The process is gradual, but the payoff comes when you feel equipped to rewrite your own life scripts. 13．The term “autopilot behaviors” in paragraph 2 probably refers to __________. A．temporary impulsive reaction. B．mindless habitual action. C．conscious voluntary options. D．random instinctive responses. 14．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Habit loops progresses in a circle: cue, reward and routine. B．Phelps is mentioned to argue that willpower serves as the driver of habit change. C．The book suggests that knowledge is irrelevant to habit changes. D．Social transformation emerges through sustained repetition of collective habits. 15．Which of these habits is a keystone habit? A．Emma checks social media first thing, which sometimes makes her late for class but keeps her updated. B．Tom prepares his school outfit the night before, and finds mornings less stressful with more time for breakfast. C．Sophia watches TV during dinner, often finishing meals faster than when eating mindfully. D．Noah organizes his desk every Friday, though it doesn’t affect his weekly productivity. 16．The primary purpose of this passage is to __________. A．discuss how to minimize the influence of habits. B．analyze how habits come into being. C．introduce and recommend a book on habit science. D．instruct feasible habit-training methods. Crown-of-Thorns Starfish and the Great Barrier Reef (大堡礁) Native to the warm waters of the Indo-Pacific region, crown-of-thorns starfish can serve as important predators(捕食者) in healthy reef ecosystems, where they feed primarily on fast-growing corals. This predation creates space for slower-growing coral species to develop, thereby maintaining biodiversity. 17 The animals typically have a regular rise and fall cycle, but since the 1960s, scientists have noted an alarming increase in the size and frequency of outbreaks of the predators, which can grow up to half a meter wide. A comprehensive 2012 study examining the 27-year decline of coral populations on the Great Barrier Reef attributed approximately 40% of total coral mortality to these greedy predators. Over the past two decades, several major outbreaks have caused devastating damage to large sections of the Great Barrier Reef. 18 . In response, scientists launched a killing program in 2012 in an attempt to control starfish numbers across vast reef areas. Despite criticism from some conservation groups, controlled studies have demonstrated positive outcomes from the program. Specifically, recent monitoring data indicates that coral cover increased by an average of 44% in regions where targeted starfish removal was implemented, suggesting this intervention may be effective in supporting reef recovery. Some marine ecologists, however, remain unconvinced that killing offers a sustainable long-term solution. Crown-of-thorns starfish, though destructive during population booms, play a natural regulatory role in controlling dominant coral species and maintaining ecosystem balance. 19 Scientific evidence shows that nutrient runoff from coastal agriculture stimulates phytoplankton(浮游植物) blooms, which provide abundant food for starfish. This human-induced environmental change appears to be disrupting natural population control mechanisms. Though the program has demonstrated some success, marine scientists emphasize that addressing fundamental causes of starfish population boom, like pollution and climate change, is crucial for the long-term survival of coral reefs. 20 . A．The Great Barrier Reef is home to thousands of species that depend on healthy coral ecosystems. B．Marine biologists have observed that these outbreaks typically occur in cycles of 15-20 years, but their frequency and intensity appear to be increasing. C．Researchers are also exploring alternative methods such as using natural predators and early detection systems to provide sustainable solutions. D．However, ecological problems arise when starfish populations experience uncontrolled explosions. E．Some scientists argue that complete elimination of the starfish would be the most enduring solution. F．Concerns have been raised about the approach’s effectiveness in the face of more significant challenges, such as climate change and global warming. Finding Hard Ways to Measure “Soft” Leadership Management experts have been promoting new leadership styles for a while. We often say that the old “command and control” approach is outdated, and that today’s leaders should focus on shared leadership, empowering others, using knowledge networks, and helping people find meaning in their work. 21 When the pressure is on, many managers go back to strict, top-down methods, showing they don’t see new approaches as essential to success. This is especially true when there are no clear role models, standards, or guidelines to follow. So the big question is: Can we prove that “soft” leadership actually works? Last year, my colleagues Morten Hansen, Urs Peyer, and I used solid data to find out which CEOs had brought the most value to their companies over the past ten years. We measured things like yearly changes in stock returns and company value during each CEO’s time in charge. 22 In our next project, we’ll combine our data with information from other sources that track modern leadership styles. (Some tools already track behaviors linked to innovation, sustainability, and other positive results.) By comparing this information, we aim to find leadership styles that truly help companies succeed. 23 Perhaps more important, the close study of their cases will help us develop a picture of how the different values they pursue come together to form a new model of leadership. 24 If we can figure out what great leadership looks like in today’s world, we may be able to predict which leaders will add the most value to their organizations in the coming decade. As management educators, we might also learn how best to develop the generation of leaders who will take charge of our largest, most powerful companies. A．By studying these successful business leaders, we hope to provide hard evidence that their successes are due to their approach to leadership. B．How do these business leaders succeed? C．However, in reality, these modern styles are still seen as optional or even soft. D．Now that we know who added value, the next step is to understand how they did it. E．Successful leaders tend to appear approachable in the office. F．Why is all this important? 第二部分：语言运用（共40分） A woman held her phone tightly, eager to photograph a striking bouquet (花束) just a few steps away. But first, she had to make her way through a crowd of equally 25 visitors. The attraction was Bouquets to Art, a highly 26 annual event at San Francisco’s de Young Museum, now in its 34th year. In this exhibition, florists (花艺师) create flower designs inspired by artworks from ancient sculptures to modern paintings. Visually appealing and highly shareable, the exhibit has become so popular on social media that it now poses 27 for the museum. In recent years, the de Young received more than a thousand 28 from people who felt that cell phones had harmed their experience of the exhibit. Institutions of fine art around the world face similar problems as the desire to take photographs becomes a huge 29 for museums, even though it is also something that upsets some of their visitors. So the de Young responded with some adjustment: 30 “photo free” hours during the exhibition’s six-day run. One common concern in the ongoing debates over the effect of social media on museum culture is that people seem to be 31 experiences because they are so busy collecting evidence of them. A study published in the journal Psychological Science suggests there is some 32 to this; it found that people who took photos of an exhibit rather than simply observing it had a harder time remembering what they saw. But the issue is 33 for the professionals running museums. Linda Butler, who oversees marketing and visitor experience at the de Young, admits that some people don’t want museums to feel like places for taking selfies. But many others do, and she believes the museum shouldn’t decide whose 34 for visiting are better. “If we 35 social media and photos,” she says, “we might become irrelevant.” If this is a battle, signs indicate that those who 36 phone use have already won. On this visit to the museum, most people seemed to accept the photo-taking craze as the new normal. Many politely waited for their turn and got out of other people’s 37 , even as visitors bumped into each other in crowded galleries. When Morgan Holzer, a young visitor, tried to step forward to 38 the labels on the bouquets carefully, she realized she was slowing others down. Instead of feeling annoyed, she felt 39 — like she was breaking an unspoken rule. “I felt bad blocking everyone’s photo,” she said. 25．A．determined B．distracted C．professional D．thoughtful 26．A．debated B．competitive C．anticipated D．emotional 27．A．challenges B．solutions C．possibilities D．proposals 28．A．requests B．photos C．complaints D．suggestions 29．A．shift B．draw C．headache D．symbol 30．A．shortening B．evaluating C．introducing D．analyzing 31．A．missing out on B．opening up about C．living through D．learning from 32．A．appeal B．truth C．risk D．tension 33．A．pressing B．motivating C．complicated D．unresolved 34．A．chances B．contexts C．themes D．reasons 35．A．promoted B．integrated C．reshaped D．banned 36．A．restrict B．support C．manage D．question 37．A．feed B．concerns C．attention D．shots 38．A．read B．design C．fix D．discuss 39．A．relieved B．guilty C．peaceful D．curious 第II卷（非选择题，共45分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. When Bach Meets Comedy: The Story of P.D．Q. Bach For many years, classical music has been a target for jokes and light-hearted fun. Musicians and comedians have often made fun of 40 seriousness and traditions. One of the most creative and well-loved examples of this 41 (be) P.D．Q. Bach, a fictional composer that Peter Schickele invented. According to the story, P.D．Q. is the 21st and least talented son of the famous Johann Sebastian Bach. Schickele created this character 42 (make) fun of classical music in a smart and funny way. Peter Schickele first introduced P.D．Q. Bach to the public in 1965 during a concert at Town Hall in New York City. Since then, he has spent over fifty years performing as P.D．Q. Bach and 43 (entertain) audiences with his mix of music and comedy. Audiences enjoy 44 Schickele does when he appears as a confused and silly music expert. P.D．Q. Bach’s music includes humorous pieces 45 titles — such as Iphigenia in Brooklyn and The Stoned Guest — are both unusual and amusing. These works combine real musical skill with ridiculous jokes, silly instruments, and unexpected sounds. Schickele’s shows are also known for their surprises, such as dramatic entrances. He once 46 (swing) onto the stage on a rope! Most people know Schickele for P.D．Q. Bach, but he is also a serious and talented composer. His recent Bassoon Concerto, 47 (release) by Oberlin Music, shows his ability to write beautiful and clever music. 48 his humorous work has brought laughter to many, his serious music shows a deep understanding of composition and style. Peter Schickele, 49 P.D．Q. Bach, has created a unique place in the world of music — making people laugh when also showing great musical talent and creativity. Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．consider  B．fixed-priced  C． higher-end  D．indecision  E. logic  F. minor G. practical  H. purchase  I. revealing  J. sacrifice  K. value The Power of Opportunity Costs While shopping for my first stereo (立体声音响), I spent an hour debating between a $1,000 Pioneer and a $700 Sony. Perhaps fearing that my 50 would cost him a sale, the salesman said, “Well, think of it this way — would you rather have the Pioneer, or the Sony and $300 worth of CDs?” The Sony — and it wasn’t even close. Twenty new CDs were too great a(n) 51 for the slightly more attractive Pioneer. Although I knew the price difference, I hadn’t thought of it in terms of what else the money could buy until the salesman framed it that way. If one assumes, as an economics textbook might, that consumers routinely calculate opportunity costs, this story is 52 . All decisions involve opportunity costs, but how consumers 53 them has received little attention from decision theorists and even less from marketers. Promotional messages often highlight product advantages or price differences, but spelling out what those differences mean in 54 terms may be more persuasive. A $300 difference can seem significant or not, depending on what else it could be spent on. Generally, firms selling cheaper products should highlight the opportunity costs of trading up, while those selling 55 products may want to avoid the topic. But the idea must be used carefully. The same 56 that leads someone to choose silver over gold could also lead them to choose bronze (铜) over silver. It’s also important that the lost opportunities are framed around things buyers actually 57 . One campaign once framed the cost of a large government program in terms of snack cakes per person per day — a(n) comparison so 58 that it weakened the argument. On the other hand, a De Beers ad cleverly showed a pair of diamond earrings with the line “Redo the kitchen next year,” suggesting that buying the earrings would only mean putting off home renovations (装修) for a little while. In reality, the earrings might cost as much as the entire kitchen redo, but the framing made the 59 seem reasonable. 第三部分：写作（共20分） 60．假定你是李华, 一个即将毕业的高三学生，你校英语俱乐部将为高一新生举办主题为“What to learn in senior high school?”的分享与交流活动，特邀你谈谈自己的体会。请你写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1. 学习和个人成长； 2. 你的期望和祝福。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Hello, everyone! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $