Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Section A Grammar focus(3a-3c) 语言点精讲2025-2026学年人教版英语七年级上册

本讲义聚焦最高级用法及核心词汇（land, weigh, up to），先梳理land作名词“陆地”和动词“降落”的用法，再解析weigh的系动词“重”、及物动词“称重量”及拓展义“权衡”，结合up to的“接近/直到”含义，最终构建“the+最高级+范围”等语法结构，形成词汇到语法的递进学习支架。 资料以情境化例句（如非洲象、丫丫案例）和中考真题拓展语言能力，通过分层精练（从基础填空到语篇阅读）培养思维品质，参考答案解析详尽（如单项选择语境分析）助力学习能力提升。课中例句贴近生活便于讲解，课后精练可帮助学生自主查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Unit 4 Section A Grammar Focus(3a-3c)语言点精讲精练 I．语言点精讲 1. The biggest land animal in the world is the African elephant. 世界上最大的陆地动物是非洲象。 land n. 陆地；土地 on land 在陆地上 by land 经陆路 land v. 降落；着陆 take off 起飞 A piece of land in the middle of the sea is island.海中央的一块陆地是岛屿。 Did you go there by land or by sea?您是通过陆路还是海路去的？ The plane landed before the storm came.飞机在暴风雨来临之前降落了。 A butterfly landed on her shoulder.一只蝴蝶落在了她的肩膀上。 2. Some could stand up to three meters tall and weigh up to 860 kg. 有些能够长到高达3米，重达860千克。 1) weigh v. 有······重；称重量 （1）【系动词】有······重，重量是······ 对重量提问常用 “How much do/does...weigh？”“What do/does...weigh？” 或“How heavy is/are...？”。 e.g. How much/What do you weigh? = How heavy are you？你的体重是多少？ When Ya Ya was born in the Beijing Zoo, she weighed about 0.14 kilos． 丫丫在北京动物园出生时大约140克重。 （2）【及物动词】称······的重量 weigh oneself 称体重 e.g. She weighed the stone in her hand. 她用手掂了掂那块石头的重量。 put on weight 增加体重 lose weight 减重 weigh up to+数词 重达…… weigh about+数词 重约…… weigh over+数词 超过……重 The cheetah weighs about 50 kilograms. 这头大象重 5 吨。 The elephant weighs 5 tons. 你应该称一下这个西瓜。 You should weigh the watermelon. What's the weight of the dog? It weighs 10 kilograms 拓展：（1）weigh【动词】认真考虑；权衡 e.g. Laura spoke very slowly to people to weigh what she would say. 劳拉对人们说话非常慢，以便权衡她要说什么。（武汉中考） （2）weight【名词】重量；分量 put on / gain weight 增加体重 lose weight 减重 2) up to 接近；直到 （1）接近 常用来表示接近某数量或程度等。 e.g. The temperature went up to 35℃．气温上升到了35摄氏度。 （2）直到 up to now 到目前为止 e.g. Read up to page 100．读到第100页。 Up to now he’s still quiet. 他直到现在仍保持沉默。 拓展：be up to sb. 是······的职责；由······决定 e.g. —Mom,which club should I choose, the art club or the science club？ （3）表示“由……决定、取决于” 她熬夜到午夜做项目。 She stayed up to midnight working on the project. 什么时候开始由你决定。 It's up to you to decide when to start. 3.最高级的具体用法 (1) the+最高级(+n.)+比较范围 比较范围通常为in/of/among...介词短语或从句。 He is the tallest boy in our class. 他是我们班最高的男孩。 Safety is the most important of all. 安全是最重要的。 This is the most interesting book that I’ve ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。 (2) one of the +最高级+可数名词复数 此结构表示“...中最...的之一”。 The Amazon River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 亚马逊河是世界上最长的河之一。 Mount Taishan is one of the most popular tourist attractions in China. 泰山是中国最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。 (3) Which/Who...+最高级，A,B or C / 比较范围? Which coat is the cheapest, the red one, the yellow one or the black one? 哪件外套最便宜，红色的、黄色的还是黑色的？ Who runs fastest in your class? 你们班谁跑得最快？ (4) the+序数词+最高级 Hainan Island is the second largest island in China. 海南岛是中国第二大岛。 II．语言点精练 一、单项选择 1．Computers can work out the difficult problems ________ than human beings. A．much quickly B．more quick C．much more quickly D．very quickly 2．Before the sports meeting, Tom trained ________ than his teammates, but Jerry practised ________ of all, so Jerry won the championship at last. A．harder; hardest B．hard; harder C．more hard; most hardest D．hardest; harder 3．—Which river is ________, the Yangtze River or the Yellow River? —The Yangtze River. It is the third ________ river in the world. A．longer; long B．longest; long C．longest; longer D．longer; longest 4．—Many actors are in My People, My Country. Who do you think act ________? —Of course Mr. Huang. We can’t find ________ one. A．better; a best B．a better; best C．best; a better D．a best; better 5．—Who’s the coolest kid in Chinese mythology (神话)? —Ne Zha, I think. Ne Zha 2 during this year’s Spring Festival was more popular than ________ movie in Chinese history. A．any other B．the other C．others 二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. They found that the monkey was ________ (clever) of all the animals. 2. Thomas Edison was one of the greatest ________ in the world. (science) 3. —How much does the fish ________ (weight)? —It’s about 5 kg. 4. Last but not _________ (little), do try to get some exercise, 5. The lake near my home is the ________ (good) place to go fishing. 三、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 北极熊的体重可达800千克。Polar bears can ______ _______ ______ 800 kilograms. 2. 杰瑞喜欢沿河散步来放松自己。 Jerry likes ________ ________ ________ along the river to relax himself. 3. 京剧是中国最受欢迎的传统表演形式之一。 Peking Opera is ___________ ________ ________ ________ ________ traditional forms of performance. 4. 如果你喜欢购物，香港是最好的地方。 Hong Kong is _______ _______ _______ if you like shopping. 5. 他认为汉语是最受欢迎的语言。He thinks that Chinese is _____ ______ _____ language. 四、七选五。 Bamboo is a wonderful plant for many people around the world. 1 People make tables, clothes, medicine, and musical instruments with it. Pandas may eat bamboo every day, but people can also eat it. 2 Some bamboo grows so quickly that people say they can watch it grow. The speed of growth depends on the type of bamboo, the earth and the season. Normal bamboo grows 3—10 cm a day. It usually grows in tropical (热带的) areas. 3 Bamboo plants are found in Asia, Australia, parts of Africa, and South America. One of the world’s oldest building materials is bamboo. Like today, people use it because it’s very strong. They used it to build houses, boats, and bridges. The Chinese made a bamboo bridge over the Min River in Sichuan, China almost 1000 years ago. 4 Also, bamboo is still used to make houses today, especially in China and Philippines. As a part of history, bamboo is very important. The great scientist Thomas Edison did not invent the light bulb (灯泡), but he made it perfect. He wanted the material inside to burn for a long period of time. He tried over 1000 different types of materials. 5 One day, he tried to use a piece of bamboo and the light bulb lit up for over a thousand hours. This invention helped other scientists to make the modern light bulb we use today. A．You can still visit it today. B．There are over 1000 uses for it. C．However, none worked very well. D．Bamboo is light because it is empty inside. E．It can also be found in other parts of the world. F．Chinese people like drawing pictures of bamboo. G．The fastest growing plant in the world is bamboo. 五、选词填空 从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。 dance   think   weigh   large   beautiful   hard   change   we   place   because We are beautiful red-crowned cranes (鹤) from Yancheng. We have red caps on top of our heads. You may 1 the caps are our feathers. In fact, they are combs (冠). We are one of the 2 birds in size in the world. An adult red-crowned crane 3 up to 10 kilograms. We are good at 4 . I think we are the most beautiful dancers of all the birds. We are also good singers. We sing loudly and 5 . We are good at flying as well. We fly to warm East Asia when snow comes and spend the winter there. When spring comes, we return north to give birth to baby cranes there. We like to live together on wetlands in China and some other 6 . We live on worms and small fish. We like to live in long grasses. Water and grasses are important for 7 . But sometimes, life is even 8 these years. We are one of the most endangered birds in the world now. People keep 9 our living areas into farms and buildings. We don’t have enough space to live in. And we don’t have enough food to feed our babies 10 people fish and hunt too much. 六、完形填空 Birdwatching has fans all over the world. In these years, it becomes 1 in China. The Olympic Forest Park in Beijing is one of the 2 places for birdwatching. Many bird lovers visit the park to take photos or just to watch the birds. Guan Xiangyu is one of them. He works 3 an organizer for bird lovers. He spends half a year staying in Beijing and the other half travelling with his teams, 4 different kinds of birds, in different seasons. Guan started birdwatching over 10 years ago. He grew up in Beijing 5 he didn’t know there were so many kinds of birds in the city. Guan began to show 6 in birds after his college teacher advised him to join in a bird protection activity. “To me, the biggest joy is to share the excitement of 7 seeing a bird that I am looking for,” Guan said. Beijing is a good place for birds. And experts (专家) record more than 500 species (物种) there. The main 8 is that Beijing is on an important flyway. Millions of birds migrate (迁徙) north and south every year. When doing this, they 9 through Beijing. Guan hopes more people will enjoy birdwatching and help 10 birds’ living space. Birds are part of Guan’s life. “I will always see them as my friends,” Guan said. 1．A．exciting B．cheerful C．excellent D．popular 2．A．hardest B．tiniest C．best D．coldest 3．A．for B．as C．with D．of 4．A．waiting for B．looking for C．asking for D．preparing for 5．A．so B．and C．or D．but 6．A．interest B．way C．answer D．sense 7．A．quickly B．finally C．easily D．usually 8．A．problem B．example C．symbol D．reason 9．A．work B．break C．pass D．look 10．A．store B．connect C．live D．protect 七、阅读理解 The Amazing Cactus Cacti are special plants that mainly grow in deserts. Unlike most plants, they have thick stems instead of large leaves. These stems can store water, which is very important for living in dry places. Cacti come in many shapes and sizes. Some are as small as a tennis ball, while others can grow up to 20 meters tall. Their flowers are usually bright—pink, yellow, or red—and bloom for a short time each year. Why don’t cacti need much water? One reason is their spines. Spines are like sharp needles that grow on the stems. They stop animals from eating the cactus and also reduce water loss by shading the plant. People in desert areas use cacti in different ways. Some eat the fruit of certain cacti, which is sweet and juicy. Others use the stems to make medicine. But cacti are also in danger because of overcollecting and habitat loss. 1.Where do most cacti grow? （ ） A. In forests B. In deserts C. In rivers D. In mountains 2.What helps cacti store water? （ ） A. Large leaves B. Thin stems C. Thick stems D. Bright flowers 3.What is the function of cactus spines? （ ） A. To help the plant grow taller B. To store extra water C. To stop animals from eating the cactus D. To make the plant look beautiful 4.The underlined word “habitat” means ______ in Chinese. （ ） A. 寿命 B. 栖息地 C. 品种 D. 价值 5.Why are cacti in danger? （ ） A. They get too much water B. They bloom for a short time C. Overcollecting and habitat loss D. Their fruit is too sweet II. 语言点精练参考答案 一、单项选择 1．Computers can work out the difficult problems ________ than human beings. A．much quickly B．more quick C．much more quickly D．very quickly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：电脑能比人更快地算出难题。 考查副词比较级。quickly副词，快速地；more quickly副词比较级，更快地；much可修饰比较级，表示 “比……得多”；very可修饰副词原级，表示“非常”。根据语境及“than”可知，此处是将电脑和人进行比较，所以应该用副词的比较级形式，且much可修饰比较级，后面接more quickly，表示程度上的加深。故选C。 2．Before the sports meeting, Tom trained ________ than his teammates, but Jerry practised ________ of all, so Jerry won the championship at last. A．harder; hardest B．hard; harder C．more hard; most hardest D．hardest; harder 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在运动会之前，汤姆比他的队友更努力地训练，但杰里练得最刻苦，所以杰里最终赢得了冠军。 考查比较级和最高级。根据“than”可知，第一空填比较级harder，表示“比……更努力”；根据“of all”可知，第二空的比较范围是三者以上，因此填最高级，表示“最努力”。故选A。 3．—Which river is ________, the Yangtze River or the Yellow River? —The Yangtze River. It is the third ________ river in the world. A．longer; long B．longest; long C．longest; longer D．longer; longest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——长江和黄河哪条河更长？——长江。它是世界上第三长的河流。 考查形容词的比较级和最高级。根据“the Yangtze River or the Yellow River?”可知，第一空是比较两条河，填比较级longer；根据“It is the third…river in the world.”可知，此处应该填最高级longest。故选D。 4．—Many actors are in My People, My Country. Who do you think act ________? —Of course Mr. Huang. We can’t find ________ one. A．better; a best B．a better; best C．best; a better D．a best; better 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——《我和我的祖国》里有许多演员。你认为谁演的最好？——当然是黄先生。我们找不到更好的了。 考查比较级和最高级。better更好，比较级；best最好，最高级。根据“Many actors are in My People, My Country. Who do you think act...”可知，第一句比较范围为三人以上，设空处应用最高级best，且最高级前不可加不定冠词a，排除A、B、D；第二句将黄渤与泛指的某一人进行比较，所以填写比较级a better。故选C。 5．—Who’s the coolest kid in Chinese mythology (神话)? —Ne Zha, I think. Ne Zha 2 during this year’s Spring Festival was more popular than ________ movie in Chinese history. A．any other B．the other C．others 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——中国神话里最酷的孩子是谁？——我认为是哪吒。今年春节期间的《哪吒2》比中国历史上其他任何一部电影都更受欢迎。 考查不定代词辨析。any other其他任何一个，后接单数名词；the other两者中的另一个；others其他的人或物，后面不能再接名词。 此处是将《哪吒2》与中国历史上的其他电影作比较，属于同一范围内的比较，且空格后为单数名词“movie”，所以应用“any other”，故选A。 二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 【答案】1. the cleverest 2. scientists 3. weigh 4. least 5. best 三、按要求完成句子 【答案】1. weigh up to 2. taking a walk 3. one of the most popular 4. the best place 5. the most popular 四、七选五 【答案】1．B 2．G 3．E 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了竹子这种植物。 1．根据“People make tables, clothes, medicine, and musical instruments with it”可知竹子有很多用处，选项B“它有1000多种用途”符合语境。故选B。 2．根据“Some bamboo grows so quickly that people say they can watch it grow”可知竹子长得很快，选项G“世界上生长最快的植物是竹子”符合语境。故选G。 3．根据“Bamboo plants are found in Asia, Australia, parts of Africa, and South America”可知此处介绍的是竹子的产地，选项E“它也可以在世界其他地方找到”符合语境。故选E。 4．根据“The Chinese made a bamboo bridge over the Min River in Sichuan, China almost 1000 years ago”可知此处内容和竹桥有关，选项A“你今天仍然可以参观它”符合语境。故选A。 5．根据“He tried over 1000 different types of materials”可知他尝试了1000多种不同类型的材料，但是都没有成功，选项C“然而，没有一个效果很好”符合语境。故选C。 五、 选词填空 【答案】【导语】本文以丹顶鹤的口吻，介绍了其外形、习性、栖息地及目前因人类活动而面临的生存困境。 1．句意：你可能认为这些冠是我们的羽毛。结合语境及备选词汇可知，此处是指“认为”；may后接动词原形，“think”意为“认为”，符合语境。故填think。 2．句意：我们是世界上体型最大的鸟类之一。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”，结合备选词汇“large”，其最高级为largest，符合语境。故填largest。 3．句意：一只成年丹顶鹤重达10公斤。结合“An adult red-crowned crane...up to 10kilograms.”可知，只成年丹顶鹤重达10公斤，再结合备选词汇“weigh”可知，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式weighs。故填weighs。 4．句意：我们擅长跳舞。“be good at doing sth.”表示“擅长做某事”，结合“I think we are the most beautiful dancers”及备选词汇“dance”，此处应用dancing。故填dancing。 5．句意：我们唱歌声音洪亮且动听。结合“We sing loudly and...”可知，唱歌声音洪亮且动听，再结合备选词汇“beautiful”，此处修饰动词sing，应用其副词形式beautifully。故填beautifully。 6．句意：我们喜欢一起生活在中国和其他一些地方的湿地。结合“We like to live together on wetlands in China and some other...”及备选词汇可知，此处指生活在中国和其他一些地方的湿地，place“地方”，some other后接可数名词复数，故填places。 7．句意：水和草对我们来说很重要。结合“Water and grasses are important for...”可知，水和草对我们来说很重要，再结合备选词汇“we”，for后接人称代词宾格us。故填us。 8．句意：但有时候，这些年生活甚至更艰难了。结合“But sometimes, life is even...these years. We are one of the most endangered birds in the world now.”和备选词汇可知，生活甚至更艰难了，艰难“hard”，even后接形容词比较级，hard的比较级是harder。故填harder。 9． 句意：人们一直把我们的生活区变成农场和建筑物。根据“We don’t have enough space to live in.”可知，人们一直把我们的生活区变成农场和建筑物，“keep doing sth.”表示“一直做某事”，结合备选词汇“change”，此处应用changing。故填changing。 10．句意：而且我们没有足够的食物喂养幼鹤，因为人们过度捕鱼和捕猎。结合“And we don’t have enough food to feed our babies...people fish and hunt too much.”可知，前后句是因果关系，备选词汇“because”符合语境。故填because。 六、完形填空 【答案】导语】本文介绍了观鸟活动在中国流行，以关翔宇为例讲述观鸟爱好者的情况，还提及北京适合鸟类的原因及观鸟对保护鸟类生存空间的意义。 1．句意：这些年，它在中国变得流行。 exciting令人兴奋的；cheerful愉快的；excellent卓越的；popular流行的。根据“Birdwatching has fans all over the world.”可知，在中国变得流行。故选D。 2．句意：北京奥林匹克森林公园是观鸟的最佳地方之一。 hardest最难的；tiniest极小的；best最好的；coldest最冷的。根据“The Olympic Forest Park in Beijing is one of the ... places for birdwatching”可知，这里想说森林公园是最佳的观鸟地之一。故选C。 3．句意：他担任鸟类爱好者的组织者。 for为了；as作为；with和……一起；of……的。根据“He works ... an organizer for bird lovers”可知，work as...“担任……工作”为常用表达，这里表示担任组织者。故选B。 4．句意：他花半年时间待在北京，另外半年和团队旅行，在不同季节寻找不同种类的鸟。 waiting for等待；looking for寻找；asking for请求；preparing for为……做准备。根据“He spends half a year staying in Beijing and the other half travelling with his teams, ... different kinds of birds”可知，观鸟要先寻找鸟。故选B。 5．句意：他在北京长大，但是他不知道城市里有这么多种类的鸟。 so所以；and和；or或者；but但是。根据“He grew up in Beijing ... he didn’t know there were so many kinds of birds in the city”可知，“在北京长大”和“不知道在北京有很多鸟”之间是转折关系，所以用but连接。故选D。 6．句意：关在他的大学老师建议他参加一次鸟类保护活动后，开始对鸟表现出兴趣。 interest兴趣；way方式；answer答案；sense感觉。根据“Guan began to show ... in birds after his college teacher advised him to join in a bird protection activity”可知，这里表示自从参加了鸟类活动后，对鸟产生兴趣。故选A。 7．句意：“对我来说，最大的快乐就是分享终于看到我正在寻找的鸟的兴奋。”关说。 quickly快速地；finally最终；easily容易地；usually通常。根据“To me, the biggest joy is to share the excitement ... seeing a bird that I am looking for”可知，这里表示最终看到自己正在寻找的鸟类的兴奋之情。故选B。 8．句意：主要原因是北京处于一条重要的飞行路线上。 problem问题；example例子；symbol象征；reason原因。根据“The main ... is that Beijing is on an important flyway”可知，这里是在解释北京适合鸟类栖息的原因。故选D。 9．句意：每当这样做时，它们经过北京。 work工作；break打破；pass经过；look看。根据“When doing this, they ... through Beijing”可知，这里表示鸟迁徙会经过北京。故选C。 10．句意：关希望更多人将会享受观鸟的乐趣并帮助保护鸟类的生存空间。 store储存；connect连接；live居住；protect保护。根据“Guan hopes more people will enjoy birdwatching and help ... birds’ living space”可知，这里表示保护鸟类生存空间。故选D。 7、 阅读理解 【答案】1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.C 【导语】本文介绍了仙人掌的生长环境、形态特征、适应干旱的原因、人类对其的利用及面临的威胁，主题围绕特殊植物展开，符合八年级上册英语阅读对自然科普类文本的考查，侧重细节理解和词义猜测能力的培养。 1.细节理解题,此类题目主要考查对文章中具体信息的获取能力。在文中第一句 “Cacti are special plants that mainly grow in deserts” 明确提到仙人掌主要生长在沙漠，所以答案选 B。 2 细节理解题,解答这类题需要在文中找到与问题相关的细节描述。文中 “they have thick stems instead of large leaves. These stems can store water” 说明粗厚的茎能储存水分，因此答案是 C。 3 细节理解题,重点在于准确理解文中关于特定事物作用的表述。文中 “Spines... stop animals from eating the cactus” 指出尖刺能阻止动物啃食仙人掌，所以选 C。 4 词义猜测题,这类题需要结合上下文语境来推断单词的意思。结合 “habitat loss” 与 “overcollecting（过度采集）” 并列，都指威胁仙人掌生存的因素，可推测 “habitat” 为 “栖息地”，答案是 B。 5 细节理解题,要从文中找到导致某一结果的原因描述。文中最后一句 “cacti are also in danger because of overcollecting and habitat loss” 明确原因是过度采集和栖息地丧失，所以选 C。 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $