2026年中考英语重难点语法辨析：to do vs. doing&专项练习

中考重难点语法辨析：to do vs. doing&专项练习 一、核心概念与本质区别 特征 动词不定式 (to do) 动名词 (doing) 本质 表示目的、结果、未来或将来的动作，动作性更强。 表示状态、性质、习惯、已完成或正在进行的动作，名词性更强。 时间性 常指尚未发生或即将发生的动作。 常指一般性、经常性的动作或已发生过的经历。 功能 多用作目的状语、宾语补足语，以及某些动词的宾语。 多用作主语、宾语、表语、介词宾语。 简单来说：to do 偏向“去做某事”（未来的事），doing 偏向“做某事这件事”（已存在或一般性的事）。 二、用法详解与对比 1. 作宾语：关键看前面动词的固定搭配 这是中考最高频的考点。 只接 to do 作宾语的常见动词： 需要记忆的“三需要四希望”： 需要/计划/决定：need, plan, decide, determine 希望/想要/同意/选择：hope, wish, want, expect, agree, choose 其他重要动词：offer（提供）, promise（承诺）, refuse（拒绝）, prepare（准备）, learn（学习）, manage（设法做成）等。 例句：I hope to see you again. They decided to leave early. 只接 doing 作宾语的常见动词： 趣味口诀“妹（m）怕（p）肚（d）子（z）饿（e），可（k）不（b）敢（g）承认（a）”： m: mind (介意), miss (错过) p: practice (练习), put off (推迟) d: dislike (不喜欢), deny (否认) z: enjoy (享受) e: escape (逃避), excuse (原谅) k: keep (保持) b: be busy (忙于) g: give up (放弃) a: admit (承认), avoid (避免), advise (建议) [advise sb. to do 除外] 其他重要动词：finish（完成）, suggest（建议）, consider（考虑）等。 例句：He enjoys playing basketball. She finished doing her homework. 接 to do 和 doing 意义差别很大的动词： stop stop to do: 停下来（手头的事）去做另一件事。（不定式作目的状语） He stopped **to talk** to me. （他停下来，为了和我说话。） stop doing: 停止正在做的事情。 He stopped **talking**. （他停止了说话。） remember/forget remember/forget to do: 记得/忘记要去做某事（事情未做）。 Remember **to lock** the door. （记得去锁门。） remember/forget doing: 记得/忘记做过某事（事情已做）。 I remember **seeing** him before. （我记得以前见过他。） try try to do: 努力、试图做某事（有难度）。 He tried **to climb** the mountain. （他试图爬上那座山。） try doing: 尝试做某事（作为一种方法或体验）。 Try **using** this key. （试试用这把钥匙。） regret regret to do: 遗憾地要做某事（常接 say, tell, inform 等）。 I regret **to tell** you the bad news. （我遗憾地要告诉你这个坏消息。） regret doing: 后悔做了某事。 I regret **arguing** with him. （我后悔和他争吵了。） 2. 作主语和表语 Doing 作主语更常见，表示一种活动或抽象概念。 Swimming is good for health. （游泳对健康有益。） Seeing is believing. （眼见为实。）（doing 同时作主语和表语） To do 作主语常表示一次具体的、未来的动作，常用 It is + adj. + to do... 句型。 To finish this task in one day is impossible. = It is impossible to finish this task in one day. 3. 作定语 to do 作定语，放在被修饰名词后，表示将来或未发生的动作。 I have a lot of work to do. （我有许多要做的工作。） He is the best person to help you. （他是帮助你最好的人选。） doing 作定语，放在被修饰名词前或后，表示用途、功能或正在进行的动作。 a swimming pool （一个游泳池） The boy standing there is my brother. （站在那的男孩是我弟弟。）（现在分词短语作后置定语） 4. 介词后一律用 doing 这是铁律！ Thank you for helping me. He is good at playing the piano. I’m interested in learning English. She left without saying goodbye. 三、实战解题思路 1.判断空格是否在介词后 → 如果是，直接选 doing。 2. 判断空格前是否是固定搭配动词（如 enjoy, finish, decide, want等） → 根据记忆口诀选择 to do 或 doing。 3. 判断动词是否是 stop, remember, forget, try, regret 等“特殊词” → 根据句意判断是“未做”还是“已做”，选择对应形式。4. 判断句子成分（主语、表语、定语、状语）→ 根据上述规则选择。 四、经典例题 1. My mother asked me ______ (clean) my room, and I forgot ______ (do) it. 答案：to clean; to do 解析：ask sb. to do sth. (固定搭配)；forget to do sth. (忘记要做，事情没做)。 2. The little boy is too young ______ (cross) the road alone. 答案：to cross 解析：too...to... (太...而不能...) 固定句型中用不定式。 3. I’m looking forward to ______ (hear) from you soon. 答案：hearing 解析：look forward to 中的 to 是介词，所以后面用 doing。 总结：攻克这个语法点，“固定搭配”是王道，务必熟记常考动词列表。同时理解 to do 表“将来/目的” 和 doing 表“一般/进行” 的核心差异，就能以不变应万变。多读例句，培养语感，结合口诀记忆。 中考语法专项练习：动词不定式(to do) vs. 动名词(doing) 一、 基础考点巩固 (每题标注核心考点) 考点1：介词后固定接doing 1.I'm really good at ______ (draw) cartoon characters. 2.Thank you for ______ (help) me with my luggage. 3.He left the room without ______ (say) a word. 考点2：动词后固定接to do 4. We decided ______ (visit) the museum this weekend. 5. He promised ______ (return) the book on time. 6. Do you want ______ (join) us for dinner? 考点3：动词后固定接doing 7. I enjoy ______ (listen) to classical music after school. 8. You should practice ______ (speak) English every day. 9. Would you mind ______ (open) the window? 考点4：动词后接to do/doing意义不同 10. I remember ______ (lock) the door when I left. (我记得锁了门) 11. Please remember ______ (lock) the door before you go to bed. (记得去锁门) 12. He stopped ______ (smoke) last year for health reasons. (戒了烟) 13. On my way home, I stopped ______ (buy) some milk. (停下来去买) 考点5：特殊句型 14. It's important ______ (learn) a second language nowadays. (用It作形式主语) 15. My dream is ______ (become) a scientist in the future. (作表语) 16. I have a lot of homework ______ (do) tonight. (作定语) 二、 进阶综合辨析 考点6：混合辨析 (请用所给动词的适当形式填空) 17. I regret ______ (inform) you that the flight has been cancelled. (regret to do/doing) 18. They are considering ______ (move) to a bigger city. (consider doing) 19. The teacher advised us ______ (review) the lessons regularly. (advise sb. to do) 20. I tried ______ (fix) the computer, but it still doesn't work. (努力尝试但未成功) 21. Why not try ______ (restart) the computer? It might help. (尝试某种方法) 考点7：句子改写 (保持句意基本不变) 22. It's not easy to master a foreign language. → ______ a foreign language is not easy. 23. His job is to deliver newspapers every morning. → His job is ______ newspapers every morning. 24. The box is so heavy that I can't lift it. → The box is too heavy ______. 考点8：综合填空 (用括号内动词的适当形式填空) 25. I learned ______ (ride) a bike when I was six, and I still remember ______ (fall) down many times. 26. After ______ (finish) his homework, Tom went on ______ (play) video games. 27. The little girl is afraid of ______ (stay) alone at home, so she needs someone ______ (stay) with her. 三、 中考实战演练 单项选择 28. 【考点：固定搭配+介词】 My cousin is looking forward to ______ from his pen pal in Canada. A. hear B. hearing C. to hear D. heard 29.【考点：动词后接不定式】 The manager agreed ______ us a 10% discount on the product. A. give B. giving C. to give D. gave 30.【考点：动词后接动名词】 You'd better avoid ______ too much junk food if you want to keep fit. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate 31.【考点：意义辨析】 I'll never forget ______ the Great Wall for the first time. It was amazing! A. to visit B. visiting C. visit D. visited 32.【考点：特殊句型】 There is no need ______ worry about the exam. You've prepared well. A. to B. for C. with D. about 33.【考点：综合判断】 —What are you busy with? —I'm busy ______ for the coming sports meeting. A. prepare B. to prepare C. preparing D. prepared 四、 答案解析与技巧总结 一、基础考点巩固答案 1.drawing (介词at后) 2.helping (介词for后) 3.saying (介词without后) 4.to visit (decide to do) 5.to return (promise to do) 6.to join (want to do) 7.listening (enjoy doing) 8.speaking (practice doing) 9.opening (mind doing) 10.locking (记得做过) 11. to lock (记得要做) 12.smoking (停止做某事) 13.to buy (停下来去做另一事) 14.to learn (It's + adj. + to do) 15.to become (表语，表未来目标) 16.to do (定语，表示“要做的”) 二、进阶综合辨析答案 17. to inform (regret to do 遗憾地告知) 18. moving (consider doing 考虑做) 19. to review (advise sb. to do 建议某人做) 20. to fix (try to do 努力尝试) 21. restarting (try doing 尝试某种方法) 22. Mastering (动名词作主语) 23. delivering (动名词作表语，表示职业内容) 24. for me to lift (too...to...结构) 25. to ride; falling (learn to do 学会做; remember doing 记得做过) 26. finishing; to play (after doing 之后; go on to do 继续做另一件事) 27. staying; to stay (afraid of doing 害怕做; need to do 需要做) 三、中考实战演练答案 28. B (look forward to中的to是介词) 29. C (agree to do) 30. C (avoid doing) 31. B (forget doing 忘记做过的事，指经历) 32. A (There is no need to do) 33. C (be busy doing) 解题核心技巧总结： 1.见到介词（in, on, at, for, without, about...）或“介词to”（look forward to, be used to等），后面必接doing。 2.牢记只接to do或只接doing的动词列表，用口诀记忆。 3.遇到stop, remember, forget, try, regret等词，重点分析“动作是否已发生”或“表达何种意图”。 4.特殊句型（too...to..., It's...to..., enough to...）中多用不定式。 5.作主语或表语时，doing多表示一般性活动，to do多表示具体未来动作。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $