2026年中考英语重难点语法辨析：宾语从句vs定语从句&专项练习卷

该初中英语中考导学案聚焦“宾语从句vs定语从句”核心语法点，通过对比表格梳理核心作用、位置、引导词等5大维度差异，以“角色-位置-引导词”三步判断法构建知识网络，引导学生通过例句分析、关键特征提炼等任务自主厘清从句功能边界。 亮点在于“三维自测诊断系统”设计，如基础辨析题定位从句类型、句型转换题强化语序规则、语篇填空题综合语境运用，同步培养思维品质与学习能力。配套“引导词功能对比表”和“错题归因模板”，学生可自主标记薄弱考点，教师能依据练习数据精准定位班级共性问题，实现个性化复习与高效辅导。

中考英语重难点语法辨析:宾语从句vs定语从句&专项练习卷 对比维度 宾语从句 定语从句 核心作用 作动词、介词或形容词的宾语,是动作的对象。 修饰名词或代词,起形容词的作用,说明“什么样的”。 中文名称 名词性从句 形容词性从句 位置 紧接在及物动词/介词/形容词之后。 紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词(先行词) 之后。 引导词作用 连接作用,在从句中通常不充当主要成分(除连接代词外)。 替代作用,一定在从句中充当主语、宾语、状语等成分。 判断关键 看主句是否缺宾语。 看被修饰的名词/代词是否描述清楚,是否需要补充信息。 一、 核心区别:看“角色”和“位置” 1. 宾语从句:动作的“承受者” 角色:整个从句相当于一个“名词”,放在及物动词、介词或某些形容词(如 sure, glad, sorry)后面,作它们的宾语。 位置:动词/介词/形容词 + 宾语从句 关键:如果把从句去掉,主句的意思不完整,因为缺了动作的对象。 例句分析: I know that he is a good student. 主句:I know (我知道)“知道”什么?意思不完整,缺宾语。 that he is a good student 整个部分就是“知道”的内容,即宾语。 判断:know 是及物动词,后面缺宾语,所以是宾语从句。 2. 定语从句:名词的“修饰语” 角色:整个从句相当于一个“形容词”,用来修饰、限定或描述前面的一个名词或代词(这个名词/代词叫“先行词”)。 位置:先行词 + 定语从句 关键:如果把从句去掉,主句的意思仍然完整,只是少了关于那个名词的细节信息。 例句分析: I know the student who is standing over there. 主句:I know the student. (我认识那个学生。)意思已经完整。 who is standing over there 只是用来具体说明是“哪个”学生,是“站在那边的”那个学生。它修饰前面的名词 the student。 判断:the student 是名词,后面跟了一个从句来修饰它,所以是定语从句。 二、 从引导词判断(最关键!) 这是最实用的区分技巧: 在宾语从句中: 引导词(如 that, if/whether, what, when 等)主要起连接作用,把主句和从句连起来。 很多引导词(特别是 that)在句中不充当任何成分,且可以省略(口语中常见)。 He said (that) he would come.(他说他会来。) “that” 在这里只起连接作用,不充当从句里的主语或宾语,可以省略。 在定语从句中: 引导词(关系代词 who, whom, which, that;关系副词 when, where, why)有双重身份: 连接主句和从句。 一定在从句中充当一个成分(主语、宾语、状语等)。 关系代词作宾语时可以省略(非正式文体),但作主语时绝不能省略。 对比分析: 1.This is the book (that) I bought yesterday. (定语从句) 先行词:the book 从句:(that) I bought yesterday。引导词 that 指代 the book,在从句中作 bought 的宾语,所以可以省略。 还原从句:I bought **the book** yesterday. 2.I think (that) he is right. (宾语从句) 主句动词:think 从句:(that) he is right。引导词 that 在从句中不充当任何成分(从句本身主系表结构完整),只起连接作用,可以省略。 你不能说 “I think he”,因为意思不完整。 三、 中考常见考点与易错点 混淆 what 和 that: 1.what 在名词性从句(如宾语从句)中意为“所…的事物”,必须充当成分。 I don't understand what you said. (我不明白你所说的话。)what 在从句中作 said 的宾语。 2.that 在宾语从句中不充当成分,无意义;在定语从句中充当成分,指代先行词。 The news that he told me is exciting. (定语从句,that作told的宾语,指the news) The news that our team won is exciting. (宾语从句,that只起连接作用,our team won本身完整。) 混淆 where 和 which/that: 在定语从句中,如果从句缺地点状语,用 where;如果缺主语或宾语,用 which/that。 This is the factory where I work. (我在这个工厂工作,缺地点状语) This is the factory that/which produces cars. (这个工厂生产汽车,that/which作主语) 时态一致性(主要针对宾语从句): 1.当主句是过去时,宾语从句一般要用相应的过去时态(客观真理除外)。 2.定语从句的时态相对独立,主要根据从句动作发生的时间决定。 四、 快速判断口诀 1.先找主干:看主句是否完整。如果主句动词后缺东西,很可能是宾语从句;如果主句完整,名词后有补充信息,很可能是定语从句。 2.再看引导词:试着把引导词放到从句里。如果它在从句里能当主语、宾语等成分,且指代前面的名词,就是定语从句;如果它只起连接作用,去掉后从句依然完整,就是宾语从句。 真题实战演练 判断以下句子是宾语从句(O)还是定语从句(A): 1.Could you tell me where the nearest bank is? ( O - “tell me”后缺直接宾语 ) 2.The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister. ( A - 修饰 The girl ) 3. I'm not sure if it will rain tomorrow. ( O - “sure”是形容词,后面跟宾语从句 ) 4. That's the reason why he was late. ( A - 修饰 the reason ) 中考语法辨析:宾语从句 vs 定语从句专项练习 一、基础辨析题(每题2分) 【考点1:从句类型判断】 1. ( )I know the student who won the speech contest. A. 宾语从句 B. 定语从句 2. ( ) Could you tell me where the bookstore is? A. 宾语从句 B. 定语从句 3. ( ) This is the book that my father bought for me. A. 宾语从句 B. 定语从句 4. ( )I don’t know if she will come tomorrow. A. 宾语从句 B. 定语从句 【考点2:连接/关系词选择】 1. The teacher asked us _ we liked the new film. A. that B. what C. if D. which 2.The girl _ is standing under the tree is my cousin. A. which B. who C. what D. where 3. I can’t remember _ I put my keys. A. where B. when C. that D. who 4. Is this the museum _ you visited last week? A. where B. which C. what D. when 二、句型转换题(每题3分) 【考点3:宾语从句语序】 1. 将下列句子改为宾语从句,保持句意不变: “Where does she live?” He asked me. He asked me _ _ _. 2.将下列直接引语改为宾语从句: “I have finished my homework,” Tom said. Tom said _ _ _ _ homework. 【考点4:定语从句关系词合并句子】 1. 用定语从句合并两个句子: The boy is my brother. He is playing basketball. The boy _ _ _ _ is my brother. 2. 用适当的关系词填空(可省略时画/): The music _ we listened to yesterday was beautiful. 三、综合运用题(每题4分) 【考点5:区别that的用法】 1. 判断各句中that引导的从句类型: (1) I think that English is important. ( ) (2) The pen that you gave me writes well. ( ) A. 宾语从句 B. 定语从句 【考点6:特殊连接词辨析】 1. _ he said at the meeting surprised everyone. A. What B. That C. Which D. Who 2.The house _ windows face south is for sale. A. which B. whose C. that D. where 3.Do you know the reason _ she was late? A. why B. which C. that D. what 四、句子改错题(每题4分) 【考点7:常见错误辨析】 1. 找出错误并改正: Can you tell me where is the post office? 改正:_ 2.判断正误(正确的写T,错误的写F并改正): This is the factory where we visited last year. ( ) 改正:_ 3. 选择正确的一项: I don’t know _. A. what is his name B. what his name is C. his name is what D. what his name 五、语篇填空题(每空2分,共10分) 【考点8:语境综合运用】 Yesterday I met a writer 1. _ writes children’s books. I asked him 2. _ he got his ideas. He told me 3. _ he often walked in parks and watched children play. The park 4. _ he goes is near his home. I want to know 5. _ I can buy his books. 1. A. which B. who C. what D. whose 2. A. where B. how C. which D. when 3. A. that B. what C. if D. how 4. A. which B. where C. when D. who 5. A. where B. which C. what D. why 六、实战应用题(每题5分) 【考点9:句子合并与重组】 1.. 将两个句子合并为含有宾语从句的复合句: “When will the train arrive?” Could you tell me? Could you tell me _ _ _ _? 2. 将两个句子合并为含有定语从句的复合句: I still remember the day. I first met you on that day. I still remember the day _ _ _ _. 【考点10:区分what与that/which】 1. 选择正确的选项填空: _ you need is more practice. A. That B. Which C. What D. When 2. 他所说的话让我很感动。 _ he said made me very moved. 参考答案与解析 一、基础辨析题(每题2分) 【考点1:从句类型判断】 1.B(修饰the student,定语从句) 2.A(作tell的宾语,宾语从句) 3.B(修饰the book,定语从句) 4.A(作know的宾语,宾语从句) 【考点2:连接/关系词选择】 1.C(ask后接if/whether引导的宾语从句,表“是否”) 2.B(指代人,在从句中作主语) 3.A(连接副词where引导宾语从句,作地点状语) 4.B(指代museum,在从句中作visited的宾语) 二、句型转换题 【考点3:宾语从句语序】 1. where she lived(宾语从句用陈述语序,注意时态呼应) 2. that he had finished his(注意人称和时态变化) 【考点4:定语从句关系词合并句子】 1.who is playing basketball(指代人,在从句中作主语) 2./(that/which作宾语可省略) 3、 综合运用题 【考点5:区别that的用法】 1.(1) A(that只起连接作用,无实义,可省略) (2) B(that指代pen,在从句中作gave的宾语) 【考点6:特殊连接词辨析】 1.A(what引导主语从句,意为“所…的内容”,在从句中作said的宾语) 2.B(whose表示“房子的窗户”,所有格关系) 3.A(why引导定语从句,修饰reason,在从句中作原因状语) 四、句子改错题(每题4分) 【考点7:常见错误辨析】 1.Can you tell me where the post office is?(宾语从句必须用陈述语序) 2. F This is the factory which/that we visited last year. 或 This is the factory where we worked last year. (visit是及物动词,缺宾语,应用which/that;where只能在从句中作地点状语) 3. B(宾语从句用陈述语序:疑问词+主语+谓语) 五、语篇填空题(每空2分,共10分) 【考点8:语境综合运用】 1.B(指代人writer,在从句中作主语) 2. B(how引导宾语从句,询问方式) 3.A(that引导宾语从句,只起连接作用,无实义) 4.B(where引导定语从句,在从句中作地点状语) 5.A(where引导宾语从句,询问地点) 六、实战应用题(每题5分) 【考点9:句子合并与重组】 1.when the train will arrive(注意宾语从句的语序) 2.when I first met you 或 on which I first met you(关系副词when引导定语从句) 【考点10:区分what与that/which】 1. C(What引导主语从句,在从句中作need的宾语,意为“所…的东西”) 2. What(What he said = 他所说的话) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $