专题10 巧用虚拟语气(课件) - 高中英语写作从零开始

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“虚拟语气”专题，依据高考评价体系梳理了if条件句（与现在、过去、将来事实相反及错综时间）、宾语从句（wish/suggest类动词）、含蓄条件句等核心考点，通过典型题型归纳，明确“与过去事实相反虚拟”“混合虚拟”等高频考查方向，构建了从基础结构到复杂应用的完整备考体系。 课件亮点在于“分类突破+真题翻译+易错警示”策略，如以长句翻译中“如果当初接受建议，现在就不会困境”为例，解析“时态匹配法”，培养学生语言准确表达能力和逻辑思维品质。特设“虚拟语气结构速记表”和“倒装易错点警示”，助力学生掌握书面表达中的情感与假设表达技巧，教师可据此开展针对性训练，提升复习效率。

高中英语写作 从零开始 专题10 巧用虚拟语气 核心概念：什么是虚拟语气？为什么用它？ 虚拟语气是一种动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的不是一个事实，而只是一种假设、愿望、建议或推测。 · 表达复杂思想：让你能够谈论“如果……会怎样”的情景，拓展写作的深度和广度。 · 体现语言功底：正确使用虚拟语气是英语水平高的标志之一。 · 增强情感色彩：在表达愿望、建议或遗憾时，比直陈语气更具感染力。 · 直陈语气：I don't have a car, so I take the bus to work. (陈述事实) · 虚拟语气：If I had a car, I would drive to work. (假设一个与现在事实相反的情况) 第二句话立刻让你的表达有了“层次感”。 英语的三大语气 1.陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。 I am a trustworthy man. 2.祈使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等（动词常用原形） Give me 5 Yuan now. 3.虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 I wish I were rich. 核心概念：什么是虚拟语气？为什么用它？ If I have time, I will go with them. If I were you, I would go with them. 比较 真实条件句 虚拟条件句 真实的语气（陈述）和虚拟语气之间的区别，体现在_________________的形式上。 谓语动词 1.If条件句中的虚拟语气 与现在事实相反 If + 主语 + 动词的过去式 (be动词用were) 主语 + would/could/might/should + 动词原形 假设现在的情况，但事实并非如此 · 结构：If I were you, I would study harder. · 解读：事实是“我不是你”，所以“更加努力学习”这个建议是基于一个不存在的假设。 · 写作运用：提出建议、表达愿望。 · If I had more time, I could read more books. (事实：我现在没有更多时间。) · If he were here, he might help us. (事实：他现在不在这里。) 1.If条件句中的虚拟语气 与过去事实相反 If + 主语 + had + 过去分词 主语 + would/could/might/should + have + 过去分词 假设过去的情况，但事实并非如此 · 结构：If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake. · 解读：事实是“你当时没有听我的建议”，并且“你已经犯了那个错误”。表达一种遗憾或责备。 · 写作运用：反思过去、表达后悔或总结教训。 · If I had worked harder, I would have passed the exam. (我过去没努力，考试没及格。) · She would have come to the party if she had not been sick. (她当时生病，所以没来。) 1.If条件句中的虚拟语气 与将来事实相反 If + 主语 + 动词的过去式 或 were to + 动原 或 should + 动原 主语 + would/could/might/should + 动词原形 假设将来不太可能发生的情况 · 结构：If it rained tomorrow, the picnic would be canceled. · 解读：说话人认为“明天下雨”的可能性很小，但万一发生了，野餐就会被取消。 · 写作运用：推测未来极小可能发生的事。 · If I were to become a millionaire, I would travel around the world. (成为百万富翁的可能性极小。) · If he should come late, what would we do? (他迟到的可能性不大。) 1.If条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟条件从句(If) 主 句 与现在事实相反的假设 与过去事实相反的假设 与将来事实相反的假设 主语+did/were 主语+should / would/ could / might + do 主语+ had done 主语+ should / would/ could / might + have done 主语+should / would/ could / might + do 主语+1.did 2.should do 3.were to do 1.If条件句中的虚拟语气 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 past had done would/could/should /might +have done 与过去事实相反： If I had not pulled the sword out at first, I wouldn’t have fallen in love with her. Imaginary past had not pulled wouldn’t have fallen 1.If条件句中的虚拟语气 Once I had my best love, but I didn't treasure her. When I lost her, I felt regretful. It was the most painful thing in this world. ★If I ____________ (treasure) her at that time, I _____________________ (take) so much pain. ▲______I treasured her at that time, I would not have taken so much pain. had treasured would not have taken （如果if虚拟条件句中的谓语部分有had，通常省略if而将had提到句首变成倒装句） Had 1.If条件句中的虚拟语气 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 present did（were） would/could/ should/might +do 与现在事实相反： If I were not the Monkey King, I wouldn’t let her go. Unreal present were wouldn’t If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 future would/could/ should/might +do 2. did（were） 3. were to do 与将来事实相反： If we should turn into common people some day, we would live with each other. Imaginary future should turn would live 1.should+do 1.If条件句中的虚拟语气 If I were a bird, I could fly in the sky. 1.If条件句中的虚拟语气 I would buy an expensive car. If I had a lot of money, ________________________________________ 1.If条件句中的虚拟语气 If you were to have three days off , you would enjoy a very happy life. （与将来事实相反） 1.If条件句中的虚拟语气 If I ____________busy last night, I _____________ to see the film with you . had not been would have gone 1.If条件句中的虚拟语气 If he more carefully, he the car accident yesterday. would not have had had driven 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 · A. 表示“命令、建议、要求”的动词后：这些动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用 “(should) + 动词原形”，should 常可省略。 · 常见动词：suggest, advise, propose, recommend (建议); insist, demand, require, request, ask (要求); order, command (命令)。 · 例句： · I suggest that he (should) go to see a doctor. (我建议他去看医生。) · The teacher demanded that all students (should) be on time. (老师要求所有学生准时。) · They insisted that the meeting (should) be put off. (他们坚持会议应推迟。) 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 · B. 动词wish后的宾语从句：表示一种无法实现的愿望。 · 对现在的愿望：从句谓语用过去式(be动词用were)。 · I wish I were a bird. (我真希望我是只鸟。) · I wish I knew the answer. (我真希望我知道答案。) · 对过去的愿望：从句谓语用 “had + 过去分词” 或 “could have + 过去分词”。 · I wish I had worked harder in high school. (我真希望高中时更努力一些。) · He wishes he could have attended the concert. (他希望自己当时能去听那场音乐会。) · 对将来的愿望：从句谓语用 “would/could/might + 动词原形”。 · I wish it would stop raining tomorrow. (但愿明天雨会停。)(表示一种期盼) 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 wish 后接的宾语从句 表示动作所发生的时间 谓语动词的虚拟形式 动作发生在主句动作之前 had done 动作与主句动作同时发生 did (be 动词用were) 动作发生在主句动作之后 would/could/might+do I wish every day were my birthday. I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake. 3. He wishes he could become a scientist some day. 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。在不同情况下，其虚拟语气的结构为： 表示现在或将来的愿望：did 表示过去的愿望：had done would rather 句型 3. 主语从句中的虚拟语气 · 结构：It is + 形容词/过去分词 + that ... (should) + 动词原形 · 常见词： · 形容词：important, necessary, natural, strange, essential, vital · 过去分词：suggested, demanded, requested, advised, required · 例句： · It is important that we (should) protect the environment. · It was suggested that a committee (should) be set up. 4. 状语从句中的虚拟语气 · as if / as though (好像，仿佛)：从句谓语形式与wish后的宾语从句相同。 · He talks as if he knew everything. (他说话的样子好像他什么都知道。)(事实：他并不知道) · She looked as though she had seen a ghost. (她看起来像是见了鬼一样。)(事实：过去没见鬼) · in order that / so that (为了，以便)：从句谓语常用 “could/might/should + 动词原形”。 · He got up early so that he could catch the first bus. 4. 状语从句中的虚拟语气 as if /though + 方式状语从句 表示动作所发生的时间 谓语动词的虚拟形式 动作发生在主句动作之前 had +过去分词 动作与主句动作同时发生 did (be 动词用were) 动作发生在主句动作之后 would/could/should/might+ 动词原形 She loves the baby as if it were her own son. They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. He coughed twice as if someone should come. 如果他昨晚没有熬夜，他现在就不会如此疲倦。（stay up） If he had not stayed up last night, he would not be so sleepy now. 与过去相反 与现在相反 各自为准 If he had studied hard in school then, he could find a better job now. 错综时间条件句 含蓄条件句 假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其他方式来表示。 1. 用without等介词短语、分词短语或者独立主格结构来替代条件从句。 We might not do a lot of things without computer. Having known in time, we could have stopped it. 2. 用相当于if的其他连词表示虚拟结构。 I was busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you. 长句翻译 1. 如果我有足够的钱，我会环游世界。 2. 她要求我们在周末前完成所有工作。 3. 要是昨天我没错过那班车，就不会迟到了。 4. 真希望我能说一口流利的法语。 5. 医生建议他卧床休息至少一周。 6. 如果当初他接受了我的建议，现在就不会陷入困境了。 7. 是时候我们认真对待这个问题了。 8. 没有你的支持，我不可能取得这么大的进步。 9. 他谈起那个城市，就好像他曾经住过那里一样。 10. 我宁愿你不要把这个秘密告诉任何人。 长句翻译 1. If I had enough money, I would travel around the world.（非真实条件句，对现在虚拟） 2. She demanded that we (should) finish all the work before the weekend.（demand表“要求”，宾语从句虚拟语气） 3. If I hadn’t missed that bus yesterday, I wouldn’t have been late.（非真实条件句，对过去虚拟） 4. I wish I could speak fluent French.（wish从句，对现在虚拟） 5. The doctor advised that he (should) stay in bed for at least a week.（advise表“建议”，宾语从句虚拟语气） 长句翻译 6. If he had taken my advice at that time, he wouldn’t be in trouble now.（混合虚拟：从句对过去，主句对现在） 7. It’s time that we (should) take this problem seriously.（It’s time that... 句型虚拟语气） 8. Without your support, I couldn’t have made such great progress.（without含蓄虚拟，对过去虚拟） 9. He talked about that city as if he had lived there before.（as if从句，对过去虚拟） 10. I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone this secret.（would rather后接从句，对现在虚拟） 长句翻译 11. 要是明天天气好，我们就去爬山。 12. 奇怪的是，他竟然拒绝了如此真诚的邀请。 13. 如果你能帮我一把，我会非常感激。 14. 我希望我昨天能参加你的生日派对。 15. 委员会提议这个项目应该延期执行。 16. 要是人类能与自然和谐共处，地球会变得更美好。 17. 她坚持认为自己没有做错任何事，不应该受到惩罚。 18. 真希望时间能倒流，让我重新做一次选择。 19. 如果当初我们早点出发，现在已经到达目的地了。 20. 重要的是，每个学生都应该养成良好的学习习惯。 长句翻译 11. If the weather were fine tomorrow, we would go climbing.（非真实条件句，对将来虚拟） 12. It’s strange that he (should) refuse such a sincere invitation.（It’s strange that... 句型虚拟语气） 13. If you could give me a hand, I would be very grateful.（非真实条件句，对现在虚拟） 14. I wish I could have attended your birthday party yesterday.（wish从句，对过去虚拟） 15. The committee proposed that the project (should) be postponed for implementation.（propose表“提议”，宾语从句虚拟语气） 长句翻译 16. If humans could live in harmony with nature, the Earth would become better.（非真实条件句，对现在虚拟） 17. She insisted that she had done nothing wrong and shouldn’t be punished.（insist表“坚持认为”，前半句陈述语气；后半句表“坚持要求”，用虚拟语气） 18. I wish time could turn back so that I could make a choice again.（wish从句，对将来虚拟） 19. If we had set off earlier, we would have arrived at the destination now.（混合虚拟：从句对过去，主句对现在） 20. It’s important that every student (should) develop good study habits.（It’s important that... 句型虚拟语气） 高中英语写作 从零开始 谢谢观看 $