Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 课件 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语课件聚焦定语从句，系统讲解定义、结构及关系代词（that/which/who等）、关系副词（when/where/why）的用法。课堂通过“CONAN辨识”互动问题与英文歌词例句导入，以“定语定义—定语从句结构—关系词分类”为支架，构建从基础到复杂的知识脉络。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过“高考链接”题及“五步做题法”（找主从句—定先行词—判成分—选关系词）强化应用。例句标注成分、对比限制性与非限制性从句，帮助学生精准掌握，丰富练习设计助力教师高效教学，提升学生语法分析与解题能力。

The Attributive Clause Unit4 Natural Disaster 形容词 名词 介词短语 一、定语 非谓语动词 从句 (定语从句） She is a beautiful girl. Amy is a woman teacher. The girl in red is my sister. I have something to say. The boy making face is my son. Japan is a developed country. I like people who smiles a lot. 1定义：修饰名词或代词，常译为“...的” 2什么可以做定语 定语 从句 定义 结构 定语从句 二、定语从句 关系词 修饰名词或代词的句子 先行词 关系词 被修饰的名词或代词 引导定语从句的关联词 关系代词 关系副词 who whom that which whose as when where why eg. This is the car which he bought last year. The boy is Conan. The little boy is Conan. 定语 Which one is Conan ? Which one is Conan ? The boy _______________________ is Conan . who wears glasses 定语从句 定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。 在句中做定语。（又称为形容词性从句，它在句子中起形容词的作用。） She is the one that you never forget. 见过她你便永远不能忘记。 She is the heaven-sent angel you met. 她就是你所见的天堂派来的天使。 She must be the reason why God made a girl. 她就是上帝制造女孩的原因。 She wins everything that she might do. 只要她愿意她可以得到一切。 先行词 关系代词 先行词 关系词 从句 定语从句结构 从句的其他成分 She is the one that you never forget. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。先行词一 般是名词或代词。（“先行”，顾 名思义，走在前面的意思，即放在定语 从句的引导词前面。） She is the one that you never forget. 先行词 关系词：引导定语从句的词。（连接先行 词与从句的词。）有关系代词和 关系副词。 连接 She is the one that you never forget. 关系词 关系词的三大作用 连接 指代 成分 连接定语从 句和主句 替代前面的先行词 在定语从句中要充 当一定的句子成分 关系代词引导的 定语从句 Grammar The Attributive Clause Guided by Relative Pronouns 定语从句的关系代词 关系代词 先行词 在句子所做的成分 主语、宾语 物 人 主语、宾语 人 人、物 人、物 主语、宾语 宾语 定语 that which who whom whose Usage 关系代词用法 Round 1 关系词 为that 关系词为that that既可指人，又可指物 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 I like the man that can always smile in trouble. Yesterday I read a book that was about nature. 作主语 This is the best book that I have ever read. 作宾语 I knew the girl that you saw in our school. 判断句子中的that能否省略，为什么？ The picture that we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student. Round 2 关系词 为which Usage 关系代词用法 关系词为which which只能指物 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作主语 This is a car which I bought last month. 作宾语 I love the book which has beautiful pictures. Round 3 关系词 为who Usage 关系代词用法 关系词为who who只能指人 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 Do you know the girl who just come in? 作主语 This is the boy who you are waiting for. 作宾语 Round 4 关系词 为whom Usage 关系代词用法 关系词为whom whom只能指人 在定语从句中作宾语 She is the girl whom I saw yesterday. 作宾语 Round 5 关系词 为whose Usage 关系代词用法 关系词为whose whose既可指人，又可指物 在定语从句中作定语 作定语 作定语 I have a friend whose father is a doctor. He lives in a house whose windows face sea. whose=friend’s whose=the house’s whose的用法 whose用于替代所有格， “……的”，在从句中作定语。 The girl whose hair is curly is Alice. Please pass me the book whose cover is green. The girl’s hair is curly.表所属关系用whose The cover of the book is green.表所属关系用whose 关系代词 =of whom Round 6 关系词 为as Usage 关系代词用法 as的用法 as既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。不能省略。 It is said that the moon is made of the same kind of matter as exists on the earth. I have the same bike as you have. I’ve never seen so clever a man as he is. 关系代词  as is known to all 众所周知  as you know 正如你所知道的那样  as (is) expected 正如所预料的那样  as we expected 正如我们所期待的  as has been mentioned above 正如上面所提到的  as is reported / said 正如报道 / 所说的那样 as 常见搭配 as anybody can see正如任何人看到的那样 as has been announced正如已经宣布的那样 as is often the case 通常的情况是 Attention!!! 关系代词的选择（特殊情况） 宜用that,不用which的情况： Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand? (1) 先行词为不定代词all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little等, that来把which踹。 that This is the first tree _______ he has planted. This is the best film _______ I have ever seen. (2)先行词前序高级，使用that必无疑。 that that (3)先行词有人和物，that来当顶梁柱。 The film star and her film _______you have just talked about are well-known. that (4)先行词有only, last, & very，用that指物who指人。 The only thing_______you can do is to be careful next time. that (5)who, which开头疑问句，that来引导定从句。 Who is the man_______is standing there? that 注意 以下情况只能用that，不能用which. The first thing _____ we should do is work out a plan. This is the most delicious food _____ I have never had. The only thing _____ we need to think about is to deal with it. I can do anything _____ excites me. We should ignore the persons and things _____ upset us. There was not much _____ we could do when it was raining. The way that he speaks English is different from mine. that 1. 先行词被序数词修饰时 that that that that 2. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 3. 先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时 4. 先行词是不定代词时 5.先行词既包括人又包括物时 that 6.先行词是much或all时 7.先行词是way时 Fill in the blanks 1. This is all __________ I know about the accident. 2. He is the only man __________ I can find for the work. 3. You must watch everything carefully __________ the teacher does in class. 4. This is one of the most exciting football games __________ I have ever seen. 5. I saw a desk on __________ there was a book. 6. The first English novel __________ I read was Gone With Wind. 7. When he came back from abroad, John told his parents about the cities and the people __________ he had visited. 8. This is the very film _______ I've long wished to see. 9.The weather turned out to be very good, _________ was more than we could expect. that that that that which that that that which （二）引导定语从句的关系副词 关系 副词 先行词 在从句中 作成分 相当于 where when why 地点名词 地点状语 时间名词 时间状语 reason 原因状语 in, at等介词+which at, in, on, during等介词+which for+which Round 7 关系词 为when Usage 关系代词用法 when的用法 关系副词 主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，其先行词通常为time、day、year、week等。常可用on which、in which、at which、during which等代替 April Fool’s Day is the day when people make fun of others. I know the date when the baby was born. = I know the date on which the baby was born. Round 8 关系词 为where Usage 关系代词用法 where的用法 关系副词 其先行词通常是表地点的名词，如place、house、village、position等。常可用in which、on which、at which等代替 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. He misses the place where he used to live. = He misses the place in which he used to live. Round 9 关系词 为why Usage 关系代词用法 why的用法 关系副词 一般跟在先行词reason之后。可以用for which代替 Is this the reason why she refused our offer of help? That’s the reason why he was late. = That’s the reason for which he was late. 单句语法填空 1．We visited the house ________ the famous scientist once lived. 2．The photo reminded me of the days ________ I played hide－ and－seek with my brother. 3．It was a period ________ they had discussion very frequently. 4．The problem has come to a point ________ everyone has different opinions and it is difficult to reach an agreement. where when when where 介词的确定原则 在介词+which(物)；介词+ whom(人)中，介词如何选择? The first of October, 1949, is the day, on which the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) was founded. I’d like to live in a country in which there is plenty of sunshine. I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason for which I left. The People’s Republic of China was founded on the day. There is plenty of sunshine in the country. I left for the reason. 根据动词或形容词的固定搭配； 根据句意； 表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”用of. 高考链接 【2022新高考Ⅰ卷】Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of _______ will be graded. 此外，我会时不时安排在课堂上完成的小组作业，或在家里完成的短期作业，这两项作业都将评分。 which (2)介词的确定 ①根据先行词的搭配关系： 1) I still remember the day _______ _______ I met TFboys. 2) I will never forget the farm _______ ______ I worked with you. 3) The money _______ _______ you were to buy food is gone. on which on which with which (on the day 在那天) (on the farm 在农场) (with the money 用钱) ②根据谓语动词或形容词的搭配习惯 Do you like the book _______ _______ she spent $10? 2) Do you like the book _______ _______ she paid $10? 3) The West Lake, _______ _______ Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. on which for which for which ③根据句子的意思来确定 Air, _________ which man can’t live, is really important. 空气非常重要，没有了它人类便不能生存。 2) This is the man _______ whom my brother has worked for ten years. 这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那个人。 without with ④表示“所有”或“整体的一部分”时通常用介词 “of” He has two sons, _____________ graduated from Peking University. 他有两个儿子，他们都毕业于北京大学。 2) Tom wrote many children’s books, nearly _____________ were about campus culture. 汤姆写了很多儿童书籍，其中将近一半是关于校园文化的。 both of whom half of which 即学即练 用介词 ＋ 关系代词填空。 1. Who is the person _______ _______ you just shook hands? 2. China is a powerful country, _______ _______ we are proud. 3. This is the tree _______ _______ we used to play games. 4. This is my glasses, _______ _______ I can’t see clearly. 5. Do you remember the day _______ _______ you joined our club? with whom of which under which without which on which 限制性定语从句 和 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 实际上定语从句共分为两类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 She despised people. (她看不起人) She despised people who flattered her. (她看不起吹捧她的人) 比较上面两句话可以发现：定语从句对名词起限定作用，它缩小了名词的表示范围，即范围由“人”缩小至“吹捧她的人”。 我们称此类定语从句为限制性定语从句。 非限制性定语从句 在有些场景下，名词的指向已经非常明确或是表示的对象已经是唯一的了，这时我们就无法再用定语从句来缩小它的表示范围了。例如： John made a card for his mom who loves him most. (约翰给最爱他的那个妈妈做了一张卡片。) John made a card for his mom, who loves him most. (约翰给妈妈做了一张卡片，妈妈最爱他。) 非限制性定语从句 如刚刚示例，因为非限制性定语从句并不直接修饰名词或代词，只是为名词或代词提供一些附加信息。当使用非限制性定语从句时，要用”逗号”将其与句子隔开。 我们再来举一个例子，判断下列句子哪句是正确的： My hometown is Beijing which is the capital of China. (我的家乡是中国首都的北京。) My hometown is Beijing, which is the capital of China. (我的家乡是北京，中国的首都。) 总结 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 作用 缩小一个事物的表示范围 提供有关这个事物的附加信息 I have an apple which is red. I have an apple, which is red. ! 引导词which或that的选择 1 2 which和that在引导限制性定语从句时是可以互换的： He painted a picture which/that was about a fairy tale. 如果有介词前置的情形，则必须使用which。 Can you help to find a room in which we can dance? 此时引导词不能用that，如以下句子就是错误的： Can you help to find a room in that we can dance? 3 无论在什么情况下，that都不能用作非限制性定语从句的引导词，如以下句子就是错误的： Apples, that are good for health, should be eaten every day.× (应把that改为which) which替代整个主句的情况 Tom pretended not to know me, which made me rather embarrassed. (汤姆假装不认识我，这使我相当尴尬。) 在以上句子中，which替代整个主句Tom pretended not to know me,表示”汤姆假装不认识我这件事使我相当尴尬”。 总而言之，通常that引导限制性定语从句， which引导非限制性定语从句 不用that的情况： 1.非限制性定语从句中，前面有逗号，指物只能用which，指人只能用who/whom。 2.当关系词前面有介词时，指物只能用which，指人只能用whom 总结 做题方法 1. 找出主句和从句 3. 判断该词指人/物 4. 判断关系词在定语从句部分充当什么成分 （ 主 /宾 /定 /状 ） 2. 找出先行词 5. 确定关系词 主语/宾语/定语 时间/地点/原因状语 关系代词 关系副词 介词+which(指物) 介词+whom(指人) Let's practice more 题1：The man ______ is wearing a blue jacket is our new teacher.     A. which        B. who        C. whom        D. whose     【答案】B     【详解】考查关系代词who。句意为“穿蓝色夹克的男人是我们的新老师”。先行词“the man”指人，从句缺主语，用“who”引导，故选B。 题2：This is the pen ______ I lost in the classroom yesterday.     A. that        B. who        C. whose        D. when     【答案】A     【详解】考查关系代词that。句意为“这是我昨天在教室弄丢的钢笔”。先行词“the pen”指物，从句缺宾语，用“that”引导，故选A。 题3：The girl ______ we met at the party is from Shanghai.     A. which        B. whose        C. whom        D. where     【答案】C    【详解】考查关系代词whom。句意为“我们在派对上遇到的女孩来自上海”。先行词“the girl”指人，从句缺宾语，用“whom”引导，故选C。 题4：The tree ______ leaves turn red in autumn is very beautiful. A. who B. which C. whose D. that 【答案】C 【详解】考查关系代词whose。句意为“秋天叶子变红的树很漂亮”。先行词“the tree”指物，从句缺定语表所属，用“whose”引导，故选C。 题5：All ______ we need is enough time to finish the work.     A. which        B. that        C. who        D. whom     【答案】B     【详解】考查关系代词that。句意为“我们所需要的就是足够的时间完成工作”。先行词“all”是不定代词，关系代词用“that”，故选B。 题6：This is the park ______ we often play basketball after school.     A. when        B. where        C. why        D. which     【答案】B     【详解】考查关系副词where。句意为“这是我们放学后经常打篮球的公园”。先行词“the park”表地点，从句缺地点状语，用“where”引导，故选B。 题7：I can’t remember the year ______ my family moved to this town.     A. when        B. where        C. that        D. which     【答案】A     【详解】考查关系副词when。句意为“我不记得我们家搬到这个小镇的那一年了”。先行词“the year”表时间，从句缺时间状语，用“when”引导，故选A。 题8：The reason ______ she didn’t come to the party is not clear.     A. when        B. where        C. why        D. who     【答案】C     【详解】考查关系副词why。句意为“她没来派对的原因不清楚”。先行词“the reason”表原因，从句缺原因状语，用“why”引导，故选C。 题9：We went to the village ______ my grandparents used to live.     A. which        B. where        C. when        D. that     【答案】B    【详解】考查关系副词where。句意为“我们去了我祖父母以前住的村子”。先行词“the village”表地点，从句缺地点状语，用“where”引导，故选B。 题10：I still keep the letter ______ I received from my friend last month.     A. when        B. where        C. that        D. why     【答案】C     【详解】考查关系代词that。句意为“我还保留着上个月从朋友那里收到的信”。先行词“the letter”指物，从句缺宾语，用“that”引导，故选C。 题11：My brother, ______ is a doctor, will come to see me tomorrow.     A. who        B. that        C. which        D. whose     【答案】A     【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意为“我当医生的哥哥明天会来看我”。先行词“my brother”指人，非限制性定语从句用“who”引导，不用“that”，故选A。 题12：The bike ______ I bought last year is still in good condition.     A. which        B. who        C. where        D. when     【答案】A     【详解】考查限制性定语从句。句意为“我去年买的自行车还状况良好”。先行词“the bike”指物，限制性定语从句用“which”引导，故选A。 题13：She won the first prize, ______ surprised all of us.     A. that        B. which        C. who        D. why     【答案】B     【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意为“她赢得了一等奖，这让我们所有人都很惊讶”。“which”指代整个主句内容，引导非限制性定语从句，故选B。 题14：The girl ______ hair is black comes from Japan.     A. whose        B. who        C. which        D. that     【答案】A     【详解】考查限制性定语从句。句意为“黑头发的女孩来自日本”。先行词“the girl”指人，从句缺定语表所属，用“whose”引导，故选A。 题15：Our school, ______ was built in 1990, has a long history.     A. that        B. who        C. which        D. where     【答案】C     【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意为“我们学校建于1990年，有着悠久的历史”。先行词“our school”指物，非限制性定语从句用“which”引导，故选C。 题16：I like the way ______ she organizes the class activities.     A. which        B. where        C. that        D. when     【答案】C     【详解】考查先行词为way的定语从句。句意为“我喜欢她组织班级活动的方式”。先行词为“way”，关系词用“that”，故选C。 题17：This is the first time ______ I have seen such a beautiful sunset.     A. that        B. when        C. where        D. which     【答案】A     【详解】考查先行词为time的定语从句。句意为“这是我第一次看到如此美丽的日落”。先行词“time”表“次数”，关系词用“that”，故选A。 题18：A book ______ tells about Chinese history is on the desk.     A. who        B. which        C. where        D. when     【答案】B     【详解】考查分隔式定语从句。句意为“一本讲中国历史的书在桌子上”。先行词“a book”与从句被“is on the desk”隔开，关系词用“which”引导，故选B。 题19：The girl ______ you are waiting for will come soon.     A. who        B. whom        C. whose        D. which     【答案】B     【详解】考查“介词+关系代词”结构。句意为“你正在等的女孩很快会来”。从句中“wait for”缺宾语，先行词“the girl”指人，用“whom”，故选B。 题20：The city ______ we visited last summer is very modern.     A. where        B. when        C. that        D. why     【答案】C    【详解】考查定语从句关系代词。句意为“我们去年夏天参观的城市非常现代化”。先行词“the city”指物，从句缺宾语，用“that”引导，故选C。 1. The novel ______ author won the Nobel Prize is very popular among students. A. who        B. whose        C. which        D. whom 【答案】B 【详解】考查关系代词whose的用法。句意为“那位获得诺贝尔奖的作者写的小说在学生中很受欢迎”。先行词“the novel”与“author”为所属关系，从句缺定语，用“whose”引导，故选B。 2. I still remember the afternoon ______ we spent planting trees in the park. A. when        B. where        C. that        D. why 【答案】C 【详解】考查关系代词that的用法。句意为“我仍然记得我们在公园种树的那个下午”。先行词“the afternoon”在从句中作“spent”的宾语，用“that”引导，故选C。 3. This is the museum ______ we saw the ancient cultural relics last month. A. which        B. where        C. when        D. that 【答案】B 【详解】考查关系副词where的用法。句意为“这是我们上个月看到古代文物的博物馆”。先行词“the museum”表地点，从句缺地点状语，用“where”引导，故选B。 4. His uncle, ______ works as an engineer in a big company, will come to visit him. A. that        B. who        C. which        D. where 【答案】B 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意为“他那位在大公司当工程师的叔叔会来看他”。先行词“his uncle”指人，非限制性定语从句用“who”引导，不用“that”，故选B。 5. The reason ______ many students choose this course is its practical value. A. why        B. which        C. when        D. where 【答案】A 【详解】考查关系副词why的用法。句意为“很多学生选这门课的原因是它的实用价值”。先行词“the reason”表原因，从句缺原因状语，用“why”引导，故选A。 6. This is the most interesting story ______ I have read this year. A. which        B. that        C. who        D. whom 【答案】B 【详解】考查关系代词that的用法。句意为“这是我今年读过的最有趣的故事”。先行词“the most interesting story”含最高级，关系代词用“that”，故选B。 7. The boy ______ we are looking for has already returned home. A. which        B. whom        C. whose        D. where 【答案】B 【详解】考查关系代词whom的用法。句意为“我们正在找的那个男孩已经回家了”。先行词“the boy”指人，从句缺宾语，用“whom”引导，故选B。 8. A new bridge ______ connects the two villages will be built next year. A. who        B. where        C. which        D. when 【答案】C 【详解】考查分隔式定语从句。句意为“一座连接两个村子的新桥将于明年建成”。先行词“a new bridge”与从句被“will be built next year”隔开，关系词用“which”引导，故选C。 9. The way ______ he solves math problems is different from mine. A. that        B. which        C. where        D. when 【答案】A 【详解】考查先行词为way的定语从句。句意为“他解数学题的方法和我的不一样”。先行词为“way”，关系词用“that”，故选A。 10. She told me a story ______ made me laugh for a long time. A. who        B. whom        C. which        D. where 【答案】C 【详解】考查关系代词which的用法。句意为“她给我讲了一个让我笑了很久的故事”。先行词“a story”指物，从句缺主语，用“which”引导，故选C。 1. Is this the factory _________ you visited last week? 2. Our class is a big family__________ consists of 23 girls and 29 boys. 3. Yao Hui is the boy ______ English study is very good in our class. 4. Do you know the boy _________ threw the stone at the window? which/that which/that whose who/that 5.I am looking for the cake __________ I bought yesterday. 6.The woman ______________ you met yesterday is my aunt. 7. There are many volunteers _________ are helping the poor children. 8.The injured boy _________ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital. (who/whom/that) (which/that) whose who/that 9. This is the best film ______ I have seen. 10. She won the game, ________ made her excited. 11.They spent the whole night talking of things and persons ________ they remember. 12.We'll reach the sales targets in a month _________ we set at the beginning of the year. that which (that/which) that 13.The book, ____________ I bought yesterday, is very helpful. 14. I know a foreigner__________is from Japan. 15. Do you have anything_________ you want to say for yourself? 16.This is the house in _______Lu Xun once lived. who/that which that which 【2020天津高考】 “The great man”, said Mencius, “is he _____ does not lose his child’s heart.” 【2022全国乙卷】The hardest part for me is that I got an injury, an injury _______ may take me out(缺席) for years. 【2020全国Ⅲ卷】In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike(栩栩如生的). who which/that whose 【2022全国甲卷】 It is hard to name a comedy star _____ hasn’t been on the stage here. 【2021浙江高考】After a short way, the farmer stopped and pointed at a weed(杂草) _______ we missed. 【2022新高考Ⅰ卷】David had a brain disease _____ prevented him from walking or running like other children. who/that which/that that/which Nothing in the world is difficult for one who puts his heart into it . 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 whose who/ that (that) which/ that whose whom who/ that P52 230336.3 $