Unit 6&7 动词和句子结构及连词Grammar学习2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

本初中英语讲义聚焦动词分类（及物、不及物、兼类）、五大基本句型（S+V等）及并列连词（and/but/or/so）用法，以动词判断为基础，句型识别为支架，连词应用为拓展，构建从基础到综合的知识脉络。 该资料通过实例分析（如动词及物与否的语境判断）、分层练习（单句结构标注到短文补全）提升语言能力，结合对比辨析培养思维品质。课中辅助教师高效授课，课后专项练习助学生查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

课 题 8A U6-U7 Grammar 动词和句子结构及连词（and、but、or、so） 教学目标 1. 掌握动词的分类（及物动词、不及物动词、兼类动词），能准确判断句子中动词类型并说明依据； 2. 熟练掌握英语五大基本句型（S+V、S+V+O、S+V+IO+DO、S+V+O+C、S+V+P）； 3. 理解并列连词 and、but、or、so 的核心用法（表并列、转折、选择、结果），能灵活运用连词连接 句子或补全短文； 重难点透视 1. 掌握 及物/不及物动词的判断（依据“是否带宾语”）； 2. 英语五大基本句型的识别与标注； 3. 并列连词（and/but/or/so）的逻辑用法； 4. 兼类动词的语境区分（同一动词作及物/不及物时的用法差异）； 知识点剖析 序号 知识点 预估时间 掌握情况 1 动词的分类 25 min 2 句子结构及连词讲练 95min 教 学 内 容 【动词】：分为及物动词和不及物动词。 1. 及物动词（vt.），必须带宾语，否则句意不完整。 例：David loves the summer. （若无宾语 the summer，则 loves 缺少承受对象，句子不完整） 2. 不及物动词（vi.），无需宾语即可表达完整意思。 例：The girls are swimming. （swim 后无需任何成分，句意已完整） 3. 兼类动词 ，同一动词既可 vt. 也可 vi.，视语境而定： The boys are playing football. （play + 宾语 → vt.） The boys are playing in the park. （play 无宾语 → vi.） 【判断下列句子中的动词是及物动词（vt.）还是不及物动词（vi.），并写出判断依据】 1. My mother cooked dinner for us. 答案：______，依据：________________________ 2. The sun rises in the east. 答案：______，依据：________________________ 3. We walked along the street. 答案：______，依据：________________________ 4. He sent a postcard to his friend. 答案：______，依据：________________________ 5. The music sounds beautiful. 答案：______，依据：________________________ 1. vt.，依据：cook后接了宾语dinner ；2. vi.，依据：rise后无需宾语意思完整 ； 3 . vi.，依据：walk后无宾语 ； 4. vt.，依据：send后接了宾语postcard ； 5. vi.，依据：sound在此为感官动词，后接形容词 【英语五大基本句型】 1. 主+谓 谓语：不及物动词 例子：Tom runs. 【成分】：主语（Tom）+ 谓语（runs） 2. 主+谓+宾 谓语：及物动词 例子：He eats an apple. 【成分】：主语（He）+ 谓语（eats）+ 宾语（an apple） 3. 主+谓+双宾 谓语：能带双宾语的动词 例子：He gives me a book. 【成分】：主语（He）+ 谓语（gives）+ 间接宾语（me）+ 直接宾语（a book） 1　 有些动词可以接两个宾语：一个直接宾语和一个间接宾语。 · 直接宾语指的是动作直接作用对象，多为物； · 间接宾语是动作指向对象，多为人。 2　 常接双宾语的动词有give、hand、lend、offer、pass、post、read、sell、send、show、teach、tell、write等。 (1) 例：the sun gives light and heat to ocean animals。 这里是：主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语。这里借助介词to将间接宾语后置， (2) We should build a better home for local wildlife 这里是主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语，借助介词for将间接宾语后置。 (3) the ocean provides a home for animals all year round 海洋中为动物提供栖息地 这里是主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语，借助for将间接宾语后置，并带有时间状语。 4. 主+谓+宾补 谓语：能接宾语补足语的动词 例子：We make him laugh. 【成分】：主语（We）+ 谓语（make）+ 宾语（him）+ 宾语补足语（laugh） 注意： · 【补充】一个宾语补足语也可以跟在直接宾语之后，以提供关于该宾语的更多信息。 · 【如何区分宾补和双宾】在两个宾语之间加一个 be 动词，若句子通顺符合逻辑，则为宾补，反之则为双宾。 5. 主+系+表 谓语：系动词 例子：She is happy. 【成分】：主语（She）+ 谓语（is）+ 表语（happy） “happy” 作为表语（即主语补足语），跟在系动词 “is” 之后，补充说明了主语 “She”的状态 【拓展】 (1) 【表语】：对主语进行补充说明的成分，又称主语补足语。它必须跟在系动词（比如 be 动词、感官动词等）后面，和系动词一起构成谓语。 (2) 【系动词】：用来连接主语和表语的动词，它本身有一定意义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语部分，以此说明主语的身份、性质、特征或状态。 【系动词分类】： 1. 不同时态的be 动词：am、was 例：He is a student. 2. 感官动词：look、sound、smell、taste、feel， 例：The flower looks beautiful. 3. 状态”变化”类动词：become、grow、turn、get、go， 例：The weather gets cold. 4. “保持类”动词：remain、keep、stay. 例：He remained silent. 5. 表 “似乎” 类动词：seem、look、appear 例：She seems happy today. 一、请写出下列句子的结构(S+V. S+V+P或S+V+O）。 1.Lily is reading English. 2.Lucy felt uncomfortable. 3.They found their son. 4.Flying a kite in the park is interesting. 5.The birds fly away. 1. S+V 2. S+V+P 3. S+V+O 4. S+V+P 5. S+V 【写出The desert 英文原文句子的结构】 The desert Deserts are difficult places for animals to live.Little rain and too much sunshine make deserts dry.Many desert plants give animals water.These plants store the water in their leaves.Some animals feed on the leaves and the water can keep them healthy.Quit a few desert plants also give animals food.Their flowers and fruit can provide animals with energy. 连词and but or so的用法： · and连接相似内容。多个表述时，一般仅在最后一个前用and； · but表转折，连接不同的内容； · or ①表选择，引出另一种可能性； ②在否定句中连接多个内容，表并列。 · so表结果。 1、 用and、but、or、so连接下列句子： 1. Grasslands can be hot. Animals sit under the shade of trees. 2. Wetlands can have salt water .They can have fresh water. 3. There are forests in Asia. There are forests in Europe. 4. Deserts are dry. They are not always hot. 5. Some rainforest animals don't like wind . They don’t like rain. 1. Grasslands can be hot so animals sit under the shade of trees. 2. Wetlands can have salt water or fresh water. 3. There are forests in Asia and Europe. 4. Deserts are dry but not always hot. 5. Some rainforest animals don't like wind or rain. 二、请写出下列句子的基本结构（S+V、S+V+P、S+V+O、S+V+O+O或S+V+O+C） 1. This news made me very sad. 2. I gave my mother some flowers. 3. Mum passes me the salt. 4. Wetlands only cover about 6% of the earth's land area. 5. The ocean is a very large ecosystem on earth. 6. They found their son interested in computer science. 1. S+V+O+C ; 2. S+V+IO+DO ; 3. S+V+IO+DO ; 4. S+V+O ; 5. S+V+P ; 6. S+V+O+C 三、用适当的并列连词填空 1. Go along the street, ______ you'll find the shop. 2. The weather was very cold, ______ many people were ill. 3. People think we are the same, ______ I can see that we are different. 4. I know him, ______ I can't remember his name. 5. You may go with her ______ stay at home alone. 6. Let's take the stone away, ______ there may be an accident. 7. The shop looks quite new, ______ in fact it has been open for ten years. 8. My mother was ill, ______ I had to stay at home to look after her. 9. Audrey spends a lot of time helping others, ______ everyone respects her. 10.Work hard, ______ you'll not pass the exams! 1.and 2.so 3.but 4.but 5.or 6.or 7.but 8.so 9.so 10.or 。 【短文填空】：阅读短文，在空格处填入一个适当的单词或括号中单词的正确形式。 Why does your dog shake when it's all wet? It isn't just trying (1) ______ (get) you and your homework wet. There is a good reason (2) ______ the shaking. Scientists took a look at the strange problem and (3) ______ (record) the shaking of 33 animals. They've found that mammals (哺乳动物) save lots of energy by shaking to dry (4) ______ (they) off. If they don't shake, animals will use up to 20 per cent of their (5) ______ (day) energy. Nearly all furry (多毛的) mammals do it in (6) ______ same way. But some mammals, like kangaroos, only shake part of their body, as they live in very hot weather and that makes them (7) ______ (stay) dry easily. Not every animal shakes at the same rate (频率). Small animals seem to shake (8) ______ (fast). A mouse shakes 30 times per second, while bears, tigers and big dogs shake only about four. These animals do it so well that they shake off about 70 per cent of the water on (9) ______ (they) bodies in seconds. However, for us humans, it takes us not seconds, but minutes! (10) ______ amazing! 1. to get 2. for 3. recorded 4. themselves 5. daily 6. the 7. stay 8. faster 9. their 10. How 【任务型阅读】：阅读以下短文，根据内容完成表格（每空限填 1 个单词）。 In ancient times, Chinese people noticed the changes in seasons and weather. They divided the year into 24 parts—these are the 24 Solar Terms. The terms start with the Beginning of Spring and end with the Major Cold. They show changes in crop growth, temperature and other weather conditions. Today many farmers still use the 24 Solar Terms to help decide what to do in their fields. The terms also have important cultural meanings beyond farming. Some of them are connected with traditional festivals. They have had a positive effect on Chinese culture for thousands of years. 1.Creator Chinese people in ① times created the 24 Solar Terms. 2.Reason for creation They noticed changes in ② and weather. 3.Division way The year was divided into 24 ③ (called 24 Solar Terms). 4.Time range The terms start with the Beginning of Spring and ④ with the Major Cold. 5.Content of terms They show changes in crop growth,⑤ and weather conditions. 6.Modern use (farming) Farmers use them to decide ⑥ to do in fields. 7.Meanings beyond farming They have important ⑦ meanings. 8.Connection Some terms are ⑧ with traditional festivals. 9.Influence They have had a ⑨ effect on Chinese culture. 10. Duration of influence The influence has lasted for ⑩ of years. 1. ancient 2. seasons 3. parts 4. end 5. temperature 6. what 7. cultural 8. connected 9. positive 10. thousands 【U6&U7Grammar专项练习】 1、 单选题 1. Which sentence correctly follows the SVOC structure? A. He found his wallet. B. She painted a beautiful picture. C. She found the dress very beautiful. D. They built a new house. 2. “We find the feature story very interesting.” The sentence structure is ______. A. SV B. SVP C. SVOO D. SVOC 3. Which of the following sentences has the same sentence structure as “The coffee smells so nice.”? A. The thunder sounds terrible. B. The cat smelt the fish. C. The teacher teaches me English. D. It makes the soup taste better. 4. Which of the following has a different sentence structure? A. All the students laughed. B. Peter is swimming in the pool. C. They think Mary kind and generous. D. The temperature will drop below zero. 5. In the sentence “My mother bought me a new dictionary.”, the structure is ______. A. SV B. SVO C. SVOO D. SVOC 6. Which of the following sentence structures is SVOO? A. I call them vegetable animals. B. Sunlight makes us warm. C. Sunlight brings us renewable energy. D. They made me a prize winner. 7. The structure of the sentence “We call our cat Mimi.” is ______. A. SVO B. SVC C. SVOO D. SVOC 8. Please send me postcards ______ I’ll know where you have visited. A. or B. if C. because D. so 9. —Hi, Mike! Would you like to go boating with me? —Yes, I’d love to, ______ I have to finish my science project first. A. and B. or C. but D. for 10. “Dustin found the Barbie doll broken.” What’s the structure of this sentence? A. S+V+DO+OC B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+DO+IO D. S+V+OC+DO 11. Which of the following sentences follows the structure of “S+V+IO+DO”? A. Autumn leaves turn brown. B. Sandy’s mum bought her a new hat. C. I found him very interesting. D. Tommy does some reading every day. 2、 写出下列句子的基本句型结构。 1. What he said sounds true. 2. A few birds are singing in the trees. 3. Some children are singing English songs. 4. The days get shorter and shorter in autumn. 5. Quite a few boys are talking and laughing loudly in the classroom now. 3、 写出下列句子的句子结构。 1. The students are playing football over there. 2. Some fishermen are fishing in the river. 3. The music sounds beautiful. 4. The government has made laws. 5. Some birds are flying in the sky. 6. The woman in a red dress looks pretty. 7. The temperature dropped a lot. 8. The leaves turn green in spring. 9. Sandy turned the key. 10. Mr Zhang made a cage for his parrot. 答案： 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、选择题：CDACC、DDCAB 二、 1. 主系表 2. 主谓 3. 主谓宾 4. 主系表 5. 主谓 三、1. 主谓宾 2. 主谓 3. 主系表 4. 主谓宾 5. 主谓 6. 主系表 7. 主谓 8. 主系表 9. 主谓宾 10. 主谓宾 $