Unit 3 Same or Different Section A Grammar Focus(3a～3c) 语言点精讲精练 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级上册

本初中英语讲义聚焦population用法、pleasant词义及比较级中that/those替代等核心语言点，通过定义解析、例句示范及口诀总结，系统梳理population主谓一致、修饰词选用、提问方式等规则，构建从基础理解到灵活运用的学习支架。 资料以“精讲+精练”为特色，涵盖单选、完形、阅读等多样题型，强化语言知识在语境中的应用。通过对比辨析培养思维品质，借助口诀记忆提升学习能力，课中助力教师系统授课，课后便于学生巩固练习，有效弥补知识盲点。

Unit 3 Section A Grammar Focus(3a-3c) 语言点精讲精练 I．语言点精讲 1. 1. The population of Vancouver was smaller than that of Guangzhou in 2024. 2024年温哥华的人口少于广州。（教材P25 3c） （1）population常与定冠词the连用，作主语时，谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。 eg: The population of this city is increasing rapidly. 这座城市的人口正在迅速增长。 （2）指人口“多”时，用large/big；人口“少”时，用small。 eg: Shanghai has a large population. It is one of the most populous cities in China.上海人口众多，它是中国人口最多的城市之一。 （3）提问“有多少人口”时，用what。 eg:What is the population of Canada? 加拿大的人口是多少？ 当主语表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时, 谓语动词用复数形式。 这个地区大约60%的人口是农民。 About 60 percent of the population in this area are farmers. 表示有多少人口时，用“have/has a population of+数词”或 “the population of...is+数词”。 eg: China has a population of about 1.4 billion. =The population of China is about 1.4 billion.中国有大约14亿人口。 【population的用法总结】 population指“人口” 对它提问用what，不用how many/how much； 人口多用large，人口少用small； 人口增加用grow，人口减少就用fall。 2. Guangzhou has a pleasant temperature in January.广州一月份的气温适宜。（教材P25 3c）pleasant adj.宜人的；友好的 (1)[形容词]宜人的；令人愉快的 It was pleasant to sit in a sidewalk café and watch people pass. 坐在路边咖啡馆看着人来人往真是惬意。 (2) [形容词] 友好的；和善的 Please try to be pleasant to our guests.请尽量对我们的客人客气点。 3.The population of Chicago was larger that of Guangzhou in2022. 在2022年芝加哥的人口比广州的更多。 比较级中that的用法 用法: 在比较级中代替前文提到的单数名词；如果代替前文的复数名词，则使用those.   例句：武汉的天气比北京热。 原句：The weather in Wuhan is hotter than the weather in Beijing.   简化：The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing. II．语言点精练 1． 单项选择 1．—Why did your grandparents move to the countryside, Lily? —Because the air there is much ________. A．good B．well C．better D．best 2．—Why do you like wearing dark-colored clothes? —Because these colors make me ________. A．look fat B．look slim C．to look slim D．to look fat 3．--Is this book interesting? --I thought it would be. But________, it’s very boring. A．for example B．in all C．in fact D．as usual 4．The rules make the park ________ and safer for everyone. A．pleasant B．pleased C．the most pleasant D．more pleasant 5．Shanghai is a huge city with a large ________. That causes many ________, like too much traffic and noise. A．population; questions B．pollution; problems C．problems; population D．population; problems 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The dog makes a ________ (different) to my life. 2. I think his ________ (strong) is his excellent communication skills. 3. The ________ (solve) to the problem of protecting wild animals is not easy. 4. Cindy is busy ________ gifts with her friends now. (change) 5. The President hasn’t made a public ________ for the last three weeks. (appear) 三、根据要求完成句子。 1. 汤姆比他班里其他任何一个学生跳得都远。 Tom __________ __________ __________ than any other studentin his class. 2. 弟弟比我要细心，所以犯错也很少。 My brother is __________ __________ than me, so he makes fewer mistakes. 3. 西蒙在家庭作业上花费的时间比我少。 Simon spends ________ time on homework ________ me. 4. 事实上，他和他的哥哥一样勤奋。 In fact, he works ________ ________ ________ his elder brother. 5. two, in common, boys, these, a lot, have (. ) (连词成句) __________________________________________________________ 四、完型填空 My best friend, Connie, is two years older than me. We spend a lot of time together. Connie has long dark brown hair and her 1 are big and round. People say she is beautiful and looks like a doll. When we go out, people often think that I am 2 than her because she is shorter and slimmer (更苗条的). Connie is positive (乐观的) even 3 things go wrong. Last week she 4 her examination results which were not very good. I thought she was going to be sad. Instead she simply decided 5 better next time. Then, every day after class, if teachers are free in 6 offices, she will ask them for help. Connie gets on well with others. Everyone in my family 7 her, even my younger brother. When you hear her 8 , you will naturally (自然地) laugh together. When I feel unhappy I will talk to Connie and she will make me feel much 9 . I think my friendship with Connie is very valuable, 10 I hope we will always be the best friends. 1．A．face B．eye C．eyes D．faces 2．A．old B．older C．younger D．young 3．A．before B．because C．why D．when 4．A．got B．gets C．getting D．get 5．A．does B．doing C．to do D．did 6．A．they B．their C．we D．our 7．A．sees B．like C．see D．likes 8．A．laughed B．laugh C．laughs D．to laugh 9．A．better B．best C．busier D．busiest 10．A．or B．but C．and D．because 五、阅读理解 Over the past fifty years, my hometown has changed a lot. In the past, there were only muddy roads and very few cars. People mostly walked or rode bicycles to get around. Now the roads are much wider and far busier than before, filled with cars, buses, and motorcycles day and night. The buildings have also changed. Fifty years ago, most buildings were short, simple, and made of brick or wood. Today, they are much taller and more modern, with glass and steel structures everywhere. The environment (环境) has changed too. The air was fresher and cleaner before, but now it is more polluted because of the growing number of factories and cars. However, people are trying to plant more trees and build parks to make the city greener and healthier. There are also more fun and convenient places now. We have a huge new shopping mall which is larger, brighter, and more exciting than the old market. Young people think life is more interesting and convenient now because there are more activities and things to do. But some old people still remember the past and say life was simpler, quieter, and more peaceful back then. 1.How did people mainly travel in the past? A. By car and bus B. By motorcycle C. By walking or bicycle D. By train 2.In the third paragraph, the underlined word "polluted" means: A. fresh and clean B. dirty and harmful C. modern and convenient D. simple and peaceful 3.Why do some old people prefer life in the past? A. Because there were more shopping malls B. Because the air was cleaner and life was quieter C. Because there were more factories and cars D. Because buildings were taller and more modern 4.What are people doing to improve the environment now? A. Building more factories B. Making roads wider C. Planting more trees and building parks D. Driving more cars 5.What is the main idea of this passage? A. The hometown has not changed at all B. The changes have only brought problems C. The hometown has changed with both good and bad sides D. Only young people like the changes 六、七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It’s nice to have friends. How can you make friends with others and get on well with (与……和睦相处) them? 1 . First, spend much time with people. If you want to make friends, you need to meet people first. 2 . People who have the same hobbies can be friends easily. Second, try to be a good listener and learn to smile. It’s important to show that you are interested in others. 3 . I’m sure you will have many friends by doing so. Third, care about your friends. After you decide to make friends with someone, you must care about him or her. 4 . You should help him or her when he or she has some problems. At last, try to encourage (鼓励) your friends. Good friends should share both happiness and sadness. 5 . Never laugh at your friends in front of other people. A．You should know that a true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart B．You shouldn’t care about whether your friends are similar to you C．The following may help you D．If your friends fail (不及格) the exams, try to encourage them E．Listen carefully to what other people say and try to smile at them F．You can go to places like coffee shops, clubs or sports centers to meet people G．When they fail the exams, you could play jokes on them 七、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。 grade　wish　true　much　win　study　photo　talent　hard　friend My good friend Laura is my cousin. She is two years older than me. She works 1 than me so she usually gets better 2 in the tests. We both like reading and swimming. Although we have the same hobbies, we have some differences. For example, she is 3 outgoing than me. She is 4 in singing. And she 5 wants to be a singer one day. My 6 favorite saying is “Practice makes perfect. ” Laura is very busy because she 7 photography (摄影) in her free time. She takes lots of fantastic 8 . Last year, she 9 first prize in the photo competition. Everyone 10 to make friends with her now. II. 语言点精练参考答案 一、单项选择 1-5CBCDD 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 【答案】1. difference 2. strength 3. solution 4. changing 5. appearance 三、根据要求完成句子。 【答案】1. jumps farther than 2. more careful 3. less than 4. as hard as 5. These two boys have a lot in common. 四、完型填空 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了作者的好朋友康妮的一些个人情况以及她们之间的珍贵友谊。 1．句意：康妮有一头深棕色的长发，她的眼睛又大又圆。 face脸；eye眼睛；eyes眼睛（复数）；faces脸（复数）。根据“ ...are big and round.”及常识可知此处指康妮的眼睛又大又圆，使用名词复数。故选C。 2．句意：当我们外出时，人们经常认为我比她大，因为她又矮又瘦。 old年龄大的；older年龄更大的；younger更年轻的；young年轻的。根据“...than her because she is shorter and slimmer (更苗条的).”可知此处指作者比康妮年龄大，than前面需使用比较级。故选B。 3．句意：康妮是乐观的，即使有时候事情出错了。 before之前；because因为；why为什么；when当。根据“”可知此处指当事情出错时，康妮也能积极面对。故选D。 4．句意：上周她知道了她的考试成绩，并不是很好。 got获得（过去式）；gets获得（三单形式）；getting获得（分词或者动名词形式）；get获得（原形）根据“”可知句子是一般过去时，动词需使用过去式。故选A。 5．句意：相反，她只是决定下次做得更好。 does做（三单形式）；doing做（分词或者动名词形式）；to do做（不定式）；did做（过去式）。动词短语decide to do“决定做某事”，此处需使用不定式。故选C。 6．句意：然后，每天下课后，如果老师在办公室有空，她会向他们寻求帮助。 they他们；their他们的；we我们；our我们的。根据“”可知此处指老师们的办公室，使用形容词性物主代词their。故选B。 7．句意：我家里的每个人都喜欢她，甚至我的弟弟。 sees看到（三单形式）；like喜欢（原形）；see看到（原形）；likes喜欢（三单形式）。根据“When you hear her...you will naturally (自然地) laugh together.”可知作者家里的人都很喜欢康妮，此处句子的主语为第三人称单数，动词需使用三单形式。故选D。 8．句意：当你听到她的笑声时，你自然会一起笑。 laughed大笑（过去式）；laugh大笑（原形）；laughs大笑（三单形式）；to laugh大笑（不定式）动词短语hear sb. doing/do“听到某人做某事”。故选B。 9．句意：当我不开心的时候，我会和康妮谈谈，她会让我感觉好多了。 better更好；best最好；busier更忙；busiest最忙。根据“When I feel unhappy I will talk to Connie and she will make me feel much”可知康妮会让不开心的作者感觉更好，much修饰比较级。故选A。 10．句意：我认为我和康妮的友谊非常宝贵，我希望我们永远是最好的朋友。 or或者，否则；but但是；and和，然后；because因为。根据“I think my friendship with Connie is very valuable...I hope we will always be the best friends.”可知此处两句话为并列关系，使用并列连词and。故选C。 5、 阅读理解 【答案】 1.C. By walking or bicycle 2.B. dirty and harmful 3.B. Because the air was cleaner and life was quieter 4.C. Planting more trees and building parks 5.C. The hometown has changed with both good and bad sides 【解析】 1.根据原文“People mostly walked or rode bicycles to get around”可知，过去主要步行或骑自行车。 2.“polluted”意为“被污染的”，与“dirty and harmful”（肮脏且有害）同义，与之前“fresher and cleaner”形成对比。 3.原文最后提到“some old people...say life was simpler, quieter, and more peaceful back then”，且过去空气更清新（air was fresher and cleaner），因此老人更喜欢过去的宁静和清洁。 4.原文明确提到“people are trying to plant more trees and build parks to make the city greener and healthier”。 5.文章既提到了发展（如交通、建筑、便利设施），也提到了问题（如污染），同时指出人们正在改善环境，因此变化有好有坏，C选项最全面。 6、 七选五 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．E 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了你如何与他人交朋友，并与他们相处得好的建议。 1．根据“How can you make friends with others and get on well with (与……和睦相处) them?”可知，接下来要介绍如何与他人交朋友，并相处得好的建议。C项“以下内容可能会对您有所帮助”符合语境，故选C。 2．根据“If you want to make friends, you need to meet people first.”可知，此处表示要去一些地方结识朋友。F项“你可以去咖啡店、俱乐部或体育中心等地方结识朋友”符合语境，故选F。 3．根据“Second, try to be a good listener and learn to smile.”可知，此处表示做个好的听众，学会微笑，E项“仔细听别人说什么，并试着对他们微笑”符合语境，故选E。 4．根据“You should help him or her when he or she has some problems.”可知，朋友有问题，你应该帮助她或他。A项“你应该知道，一个真正的朋友向你伸出援手，触动你的心”符合语境，故选A。 5．根据“At last, try to encourage(鼓励) your friends.”可知，此处表示朋友遇到困难，要鼓励他们，D项“如果你的朋友考试不及格，试着鼓励他们”符合语境，故选D。 七、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。 【导语】本文主要介绍了我的好朋友Laura的性格、爱好、业余生活等。 1．句意：她比我学习更努力，所以她通常考试比我考得好。根据“...than me so she usually gets better...”可知，她成绩比我好，因为她学习更努力，备选词“hard努力地”符合，因句中有“than”可知，空处需hard的比较级harder。故填harder。 2．句意：她比我学习更努力，所以她通常考试比我考得好。根据“...gets better... in the tests.”可知，在考试中得到更好的分数。故空处指“分数”，备选词“grade分数”符合，为可数名词，其复数为grades，故填grades。 3．句意：比如，她给我更外向。根据“than”一词可知，空处需填outgoing的比较级，需加more。故填more。 4．句意：她唱歌有天赋。be talented in表示“在某方面有天赋”，talented“有天赋的”为形容词。故填talented。 5．句意：并且她真得想要某一天成为一名歌唱家。根据“...wants to be a singer one day.”及备选词可知，空处指“真得”想成为歌唱家，分析句子成分可知，空处缺副词来修饰动词wants。备选词“true”符合，其副词为truly。故填truly。 6．句意：我朋友最喜欢的谚语是“熟能生巧”。根据“My...favorite saying”及备选词可知，空处指“我朋友的”，需friend的名词所有格friend’s，修饰名词saying。故填friend’s。 7．句意：Laura很忙，因为她在业余时间学习摄影。根据“because she...photography (摄影) in her free time.”可知，她在业余时间“学习”摄影，故空处指“study”，由本句“is”一词可知，空处时态也为一般现在时，从句主语为she，谓语动词需三单形式。故填studies。 8．句意：她拍了很多极好的照片。根据“...photography ( 摄影) in her free time. She takes lots of fantastic...”可知，她业余时间学习摄影，故而拍了很多照片，空处指“photo照片”，lots of后跟名词复数。故填photos。 9．句意：去年，她在摄影比赛中赢得了第一名。根据“...first prize”可知，空处指“赢得”比赛，备选词“win”符合，由Last year可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词需用过去式，故填won。 10．句意：每个人现在都期望和她交朋友。根据“...to make friends with her now.”及备选词可知，空处指“期待”与她交朋友，备选词“wish”，由句中now一词可知，时态为一般现在时，主语为Everyone，为三单人称，谓语动词需用三单形式。故填wishes。 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $