Unit 7 The natural world 知识清单2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

该初中英语八上Unit 7知识清单围绕“The natural world”主题，涵盖生态系统认知、环保建议表达及语法应用等核心内容，通过Welcome to the unit、Reading、Grammar等模块，搭建从基础词汇句型到语用实践的递进式学习支架。 清单以分类整合与关联拓展呈现知识体系，语法部分系统梳理双宾语、宾补句型及并列连词用法，词汇模块归纳构词法规则，如形容词+ly变副词。重点标注so...that...等句型，设计“动词短语对比表”，如take in/take away，助力学生提升语言能力与思维品质，方便教师精准教学和学生自主高效复习。

八上 Unit 7 The natural world 1. To treat the earth kindly is to treat oneself kindly. 善待地球就是善待自己。 2. give suggestions on how to protect ecosystems 就如何保护生态系统提出建议 3. better understand the importance of protecting ecosystems 更好地理解保护生态系统的重要性 4. Let’s learn about different ecosystems and see what we can do to help protect them. 让我们了解不同的生态系统，看看我们能做些什么来帮助保护它们。 Welcome to the unit 5. Rainforests are home to over half of all the types of animals and plants on earth. 雨林是地球上一半以上动植物的家园。 6. Coral reefs look like rocks, but they support a lot of life in just a small area. 珊瑚礁看起来像岩石，但它们在一个很小的区域里养活了很多生命。 7. Grasslands often lie between deserts and forests. 草原常位于沙漠和森林之间。 8. The ice is home to animals like polar bears and penguins. 冰面是北极熊和企鹅等动物的家园。 9. I know that grasslands in different places are home to different animals. 我知道不同地方的草原是不同动物的家园。 10. In Inner Mongolia, there are horses and cows, but in Africa, there are lions and giraffes. 在内蒙古有马和牛，但在非洲有狮子和长颈鹿。 11. It’s very dry in deserts because there’s little rain. 沙漠非常干燥，因为很少下雨。 12. And the difference in temperature between day and night is huge. 昼夜的温差是巨大的。 13. The climate in deserts is so awful that only a few animals and plants can live there. 沙漠里的气候非常恶劣，只有少数动物和植物能在那里生存。 so+形容词/副词+that… 如此…以至于… so many/much/little/few 如此多/少 such+名词短语+that… 如此…以至于… such little children如此小的孩子们 so+形容词+a/an+名词= such+ a/an+形容词+名词 当修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词时只能用such 14. The desert plants keep water in their leaves, and many animals there get water from these plants. 沙漠植物把水分保存在叶子里，那里的许多动物从这些植物中获得水分。 Reading 15. the earth’s main ecosystem 地球主要生态系统 16. The big three: oceans, wetlands and forests 三大生态系统：海洋、湿地和森林 17. An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. 一个生态系统涵盖一个区域内所有生物和非生物。 ① include (v.) 包括 including (prep.) 包括 ② life (n.)个人生活；生命→lives(复数) ③ live住，居住; 过日子； live with…和…住 live on… 以食…为生 live a...life过着...的生活 ④ lively (adj.) 轻快的，生气勃勃的 ⑤ living (adj.) 活着的，活的 living things生物；living area 居住地 living (n.) 生存，生计 make a living by doing sth做…谋生 =do sth for a living 18. Ecosystems can be of different sizes, from small ponds to large grasslands. 生态系统大小各异，小到池塘，大到广袤草原。 19. Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance between all its members and the greater environment. 每个生态系统都有其作用，助力维持系统内各组成部分与大环境间的平衡。 ① balance (n.) 平衡能力；平衡 keep a balance between…and… 保持…和…之间的平衡 ② balance (vt.) sth balance sth …平衡… ③ balanced (adj.) 保持平衡的 ④ have a role to play发挥作用，有责任 20. The ocean is a very large ecosystem on earth. 海洋是地球上极为庞大的生态系统。 21. It covers around 71% of the earth’s surface and produces about 70% of the earth’s oxygen. 它约覆盖地球表面约71%的面积，产生地球约70%的氧气。 ① cover (v.)足以支付,够付；覆盖；包括 (n.)封面，盖子，罩子；躲避处 ② around (prep.) 围绕, 环绕 (adv.)到处, 向各处；大约 ③ produce (vt.)导致，产生 product (n.)产品 production (n.)生产；产量 22. It holds plenty of salt water, and the water rises to the sky, falls onto the land and then returns to the ocean. 它容纳大量咸水，水分升腾到空中，降落到陆地后又回归海洋。 ① hold (vt.) 容纳；拿着；举行；支撑 hold…=…take place 举行(活动) hold up 支撑得住；举起；阻挡 ② return(vt.)归还；return sth to sb=give back…to sb (vi.)返回，回去，回来 return to…=go/come back to… 23. This goes on and on, so the ocean is just like the “heart” of the earth. 周而复始，所以海洋就像地球的“心脏”。 24. Wetlands only cover about 6% of the earth’s land area. 湿地仅覆盖地球陆地面积的约6%。 25. But they are home to around 40% of all types of plants and animals. 但它们是大约40%的所有种类的动植物的家园。 26. Plants in wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water clean. 湿地中的植物有助于清除污染、净化水质。 get rid of… 清除；摆脱 27. Wetlands can also help prevent floods. 湿地还能有助于防止洪水。 prevent sb (from) doing sth阻止某人做某事 stop sb (from) doing sth keep sb from doing sth 28. During heavy rains, wetlands store water like huge sponges. 在大雨期间，湿地像巨大的海绵一样储存水分。 store (vt.) 储存 (n.) 商店=shop 29. They act like the “kidneys” of the earth. 它们表现得像地球的“肾脏”。 act(v.)起作用; 行动act to do sth 采取行动做某事 表演; actor (n.)男演员→ actress女演员 30. Forests make up nearly a third of the earth’s land area. 森林约占地球陆地面积的三分之一。 ① make up形成，构成；化妆，打扮；编造，虚构 ②“分数”的表达方法：上基，下序。分子大于1，分母用复数； 分数词/百分数词+of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据名词确定。 31. Plants there take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen. 森林里的植物吸收空气中的二氧化碳并释放氧气。 32. They also trap harmful things in their leaves and help clean the air. 它们还把有害物质吸附在叶子里，帮助清洁空气。 ① harm (n/vt.)伤害；损害 → harmful(adj.)有害的→ harmless (adj.)无害的 be harmful to…=harm…=do harm to...对…有害 =be bad for… ② damage (vt.) 损害，毁坏 (n.)损害(抽象损害,不可数;具体损害处;可数) ③ destroy (vt.) 破坏，摧毁 ④ trap (v.)吸收；使落入困境→trapping be trapped被困住 (n.) 陷阱；圈套；困境 33. Therefore, people often call forests the “lungs” of the earth. 因此，人们常把森林称作地球的“肺”。 34. Each of these ecosystems supports millions of plants and animals. 这些生态系统各自供养着着数百万动植物。 35. They keep the planet healthy and make our world a better place. 它们保持地球健康，使我们的世界更美好。 36. What is an ecosystem made up of? 生态系统是由什么组成的？ be made up of ... 由…构成，强调由部分组成整体 37. in a travel guide在一个旅游指南里 in a geography magazine在一本地理杂志上 38. Hello listeners! Welcome to Science with Doctor Ted. 各位听众朋友们，欢迎收听《泰德博士的科学课》。 39. Today I’ll talk to you about the biggest ecosystem on our planet. 今天我要和大家聊一聊我们星球上最大的生态系统。 40. It covers the largest area of the earth’s surface and holds 97% of the earth’s water. 它覆盖了地球表面最大的区域, 并容纳了地球水体的97%。 41. Do you know that some of the plants in the ocean produce oxygen for the animals living there? 你知道海洋中的一些生物能够为生活在那的动物产生氧气吗？ 动词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词； 主动用ing(现在分词); 被动用ed(过去分词) 42. What’s more, the ocean can take in 25%–30% of carbon dioxide and store heat. 此外，海水能够吸收25~30%的二氧化碳，并储存热量。 take away 拿走，带走 take in 吸收，吸入 take off 脱下(衣物)；起飞 take on 承担 take out 取出 take up 占据(时间/空间) 43. It plays an important role in slowing down climate change. 它在减缓气候变化方面起着重要的作用。 slow down 放慢速度，减速 44. Sadly, we’re facing a serious problem: ocean pollution. 令人遗憾的是，我们正面临着一个严峻的问题：海洋污染。 sad (adj.) 难过的-sadder-saddest; sadly(adv.) 不幸地；悲伤地 sadness (n.) 悲伤 45. There are millions of tons of plastic in the ocean, and it’s very difficult to get rid of it. 海洋中堆积着数以百万吨塑料，而且清除这些塑料非常困难。 46. It’s time for us to take action and protect the ocean. 我们是时候采取行动来保护海洋了。 47. If we don’t, the plastic will harm the balance of the ocean ecosystem. 如果我们不这样做，塑料将会破坏海洋生态系统的平衡。 https://www.zxxk.com/user/11987631/ Grammar 动词及基本句型(II) 48. 有些及物动词后面可以跟两个宾语，通常其中一个指人，另一个指物；指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。由这类动词构成的句子结构是： · S + V + O + O（主＋谓＋宾＋宾）。 S + V + sb + sth → S + V + sth +to/for+ sb ① 能与to搭配的动词有 bring, feed, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, post, read, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, write 等。 ② 能与for搭配的动词有 bring, build, buy, cook, find, get, leave, make, order, pick, save等。 ③ 特殊： provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb 给某人提供某物 present sb with sth=present sth to sb 给某人颁发某物 49. 有些及物动词后面常跟宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语的行为或状态等。这样构成的句子结构是： ◆S + V + O + C（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）。 宾语补足语常由形容词、名词、介词短语、动词-ing 形式、动词-ed 形式、动词不定式来充当。 50. The sun gives light and heat to ocean animals. 太阳给海洋动物提供光和热。 51. We should build a better home for local wildlife. 我们应该为当地的野生动物建立一个更好的家园。 52. We made the forest the topic of this class. 我们把森林作为这节课的主题。 53. The ocean provides a home for animals all year round. 海洋终年为动物提供家园。 54. Deserts are difficult places for animals to live. 沙漠是动物难以生存的地方。 55. Little rain and too much sunshine make deserts dry. 少雨和过多的阳光使沙漠干燥。 56. These plants store the water in their leaves. 这些植物把水分储存在叶子里。 57. Some animals feed on the leaves, and the water can keep them healthy. 一些动物以树叶为食，水可以保持它们的健康。 58. Quite a few desert plants also give animals food. 相当多的沙漠植物也给动物提供食物。 quite a few 相当多，不少 not a little 非常；许多 59. Their flowers and fruit can provide animals with energy. 它们的花朵和果实可以为动物提供能量。 60. 并列连词 and、but、or 和 so 我们可以用并列连词and、but、or和so来连接单词、短语或者句子。 and“和，又”，表示并列关系。 but “但是”，表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思往往相反或相对。 or“或者”，表示选择关系；否定句中表并列 so “因此，所以”，表示因果关系，常用来连接两个简单句。注意：并列连词 so 和从属连词 because（因为）不能一起使用。 61. The desert is hot, dry and covered by sand. 沙漠炎热，干燥，被沙子覆盖。 62. Oceans provide food for many animals, produce oxygen and store heat from the sun. 海洋为许多动物提供食物，产生氧气并储存来自太阳的热量。 63. Birds can live in the forest or in the wetland. 鸟可以生活在森林里或湿地里。 64. Grasslands can be hot, so animals sit under the shade of trees. 草原可能很热，所以动物们坐在树荫下。 Word power 65. 形容词+ly，构成副词（见Unit3 Grammar） real-really; true-truly near-nearly几乎，将近 bad-badly很；非常；严重地 complete-completely完全地 full-fully充分地，完全地 hard-hardly几乎不 deep-deeply很；非常 high-highly高度地 66. 名词+ly，构成形容词 friend-friendly友好的; love-lovely可爱的 day-daily每天的; 每天 week-weekly每周的; 每周 month-monthly每月的; 每月 year-yearly每年的；每年 67. 形容词+ly，构成形容词 kind-kindly (adj.)亲切的；和蔼的 (adv.)亲切地；温和地 like-likely (adj.)可能的 be likely to do sth有可能做某事 live-lively (adj.)生气勃勃的 dead-deadly (adj.)致命的；乏味枯燥的 (adv.)极其 68. You might hear about the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, the largest reef system on earth. 你可能会听说澳大利亚的大堡礁，这是地球上最大的珊瑚礁系统。 69. You can even see it from space! 你甚至可以从太空中看到它！ space (n.)空地(可数) 太空，空间(不可数); in space在太空中 70. When you look at a coral reef, you might think it is simply a group of colourful rocks. 当你观察珊瑚礁时，你可能会认为它仅仅是一组彩色的岩石。 simple (adj.)简单的，简朴的 simply (adv.)简单地；仅仅；简直 71. However, corals are living things. 然而珊瑚是生物。 72. Now many scientists are worried about coral reefs because they are facing serious problems. 如今许多科学家担心珊瑚礁，因为它们正面临严重问题。 73. The ocean water is becoming dirtier because of different human activities, and this causes corals to die slowly. 由于不同的人类活动，海水变得越来越脏，这导致珊瑚慢慢地死亡。 ① cause (vt.) 使发生，造成，导致 (n.) 原因；理由 cause sb to do sth 导致某人做某事 the cause of…=the reason for……的原因 ② lead (vi.) 造成(后果) lead to 导致 lead to doing sth 导致做某事 lead sb to do sth 导致某人做某事 74. What’s more, climate change is greatly damaging the ocean’s environment. 此外，气候变化正在极大地破坏海洋环境。 75. The ocean is getting warmer, and it may not be a friendly environment for coral reefs. 海洋正在变暖，对珊瑚礁来说，这可能不是一个友好的环境。 76. Luckily, more scientists are paying attention to coral reefs. 幸运地是，越来越多科学家正关注珊瑚礁。 77. They are working really hard to find ways to save them. 他们正在真正地努力寻找拯救它们的方法。 Integration 78. Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in the north-east of China. 扎龙自然保护区在中国东北部的黑龙江省。 in north-east China 在中国东北 =in the north-east of China =in the north-eastern part of China 79. It is one of the world’s most important wetlands. 它是世界上最重要的湿地之一。 80. The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife. 这片区域为大量野生动物提供食物和栖息之所。 81. It is home to some rare birds. 它是一些珍稀鸟类的家园。 rare (adj.) 稀罕的，珍贵的 rarely(adv.)罕有；很少；不常 82. For example, about 20% of red-crowned cranes live in Zhalong. 比如，约20%的丹顶鹤生活在扎龙。 83. Many birds live in Zhalong all year round, while some go there only for a short stay. 许多鸟类全年都生活在扎龙，而有些去那儿仅短暂停留。 ① all year round全年，常年 all day long整天，全天 ② stay (v.)保持，继续是；系动词+adj (v.)暂住,逗留；stay at home待在家里 (n.)停留，逗留 go there for a short stay去那短暂的停留 stay there for a short time 待在那一小段时间 ③ while (conj.) 而，然而(表对比) 在…期间；与…同时； (n.)一段时间，一会儿after a while 84. Most birds are active in the daytime, so you can easily watch them there. 大多数鸟类在白天活跃，所以你在那里很容易观察到它们。 85. Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings. 一些人想缩小湿地面积，以便为农田和建筑腾出更多空间。 have space/room for… 为…腾出地方 space/room(n.) 空间(不可数) 86. This will lead to less space for wildlife. 这将会导致野生动物的生存空间减少。 87. Moreover, if fishermen keep fishing there, the birds will not have enough food to eat. 此外，如果渔民继续在那里捕鱼，鸟类将没有足够的食物可吃。 keep (v.) 保持；继续；保留；存放；饲养 keep + adj (系动词+形容词) 保持怎么怎么样 keep…+adj/介词短语；使…处于某种状态 keep (on) doing sth继续重复做某事 keep sb doing sth使某人(一直)做某事 keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 keep...away使...远离 keep...away from... 使…远离… keep ... free from ... 保护…免受…伤害(或影响) 88. Now the Chinese government has made laws to prevent all these things in Zhalong. 如今，中国政府已制定法律来防止扎龙出现所有这些事情。 89. What other actions can we take to help protect wetlands? 我们还能采取哪些行动来帮助保护湿地？ 90. The reserve covers an area of about 2472 square kilometres. 保护区面积约2472平方公里。 cover/have an area of…=…in area面积…是… 91. The mud and sand from the Yellow River and the Yangtze River formed the area. 黄河和长江的泥沙形成了这个地区。 form (v.) (使) 出现, 产生 form (n.) 形式；类型；表格 in the form of以…的形式 92. About 500 red-crowned cranes fly to Yancheng every year to spend the winter. 每年约有500只丹顶鹤飞到盐城过冬。 fly to…to spend the winter 飞去…过冬 fly to…for the winter 93. People use the land for farms and buildings. 人们把土地用作农场和建筑。 94. Tourists may bring trouble to the animals there or harm the plants. 游客可能会给那里的动物带来麻烦或伤害植物。 95. Wetlands are really important for wildlife, so we must protect our wetlands. 湿地对野生动物来说非常重要，所以我们必须保护我们的湿地。 96. Governments can do this by creating laws to stop people from building on wetlands, to reduce the number of tourists visiting them and to make sure visitors do no harm while they are there. 政府可以通过制定法律来阻止人们在湿地上建造建筑，减少参观湿地的游客数量，并确保游客在那里不会造成伤害。 97. The Chinese government created Yancheng Nature Reserve. 中国政府创建了盐城自然保护区。 create (v.)创作、创造、产生 creative (adj.)有创造力的、创造性的 98. Local communities can also help protect wetlands. 当地社区也可以帮助保护湿地。 99. They can set up volunteer groups to help keep wetlands free from pollution, make sure tourists are careful when they visit and plant wetland trees to keep the ecosystem balanced. 他们可以成立志愿者小组，帮助保护湿地免受污染，确保游客在游览时小心谨慎，种植湿地树木，保持生态系统的平衡。 set up 建立，创立 keep ... free from ...保护…免受…伤害(或影响) 100. We should not throw rubbish in forests. 我们不应该在森林里扔垃圾。 101. We can also work with a clean-up group. 我们还可以参与清理项目。 102. Rubbish causes pollution and damages the ecosystem in forests. 垃圾引起污染，破坏森林里的生态系统。 103. And maybe we can take our own chopsticks when eating out. 而且我们外出用餐时或许可以自带筷子。 ① when (conj.) 当…时 (1) when doing sth 当做…时 (2)时间状语从句： when+从句(主+谓); 当某人做…时 ② when (adv.) 什么时候 (1)特殊疑问句：when +一般疑问句 (2)宾语从句：when+从句（主+谓） (3)when to do sth; 何时做(特殊疑问词+to do sth) 104. It’s a great way to save trees. 这是拯救书木的好方法。 105. We can encourage people to protect forests too. 我们也可以鼓励人们保护森林。 106. You said it! 你说得对！ 107. We can show people different ways to save forests. 我们可以向人们展示拯救森林的不同方法。 108. Education and knowledge are useful tools to help keep forests safe. 教育和知识是助力保护森林安全的有用工具。 109. I am writing today to ask for your help in protecting the ocean. 我今天写信是想请求您助力保护海洋。 110. The ocean is home to many kinds of sea life. 海洋是众多海洋生物的家园。 111. It provides us with food and offers us space to have fun. 它为我们提供食物，还给予我们休闲娱乐的空间。 112. However, the ocean is facing many problems. 然而，海洋正面临诸多问题。 113. Pollution is one of the biggest problems. 污染是最严大的问题之一。 114. There are millions of tons of plastic waste in the ocean. 海洋里有数百万吨塑料垃圾。 115. Also, wastewater from factories and houses travels to the ocean and causes pollution. 而且，来自家庭和工厂的废水流入海洋，造成污染。 116. This will harm or even kill sea life. 这将会伤害或甚至杀死海洋生物。 117. We can help solve the problems. 我们可以助力解决这些问题。 solve (v.)解决=work out 118. We should keep beaches clean and use more environment-friendly products. 我们应保持海滩清洁，使用更多环保产品。 clean up the beach 打扫干净海滩 eat up吃光，吃完 mop up拖干净 119. It is also a good idea to tell people how to protect the ocean. 告诉人们如何保护海洋也是一个好主意， 120. It is meaningful to join an environmental group and work as a volunteer. 加入环保组织做志愿者是有意义的。 volunteer (n.)志愿者 (v.)自愿做，义务做,无偿做 volunteer to do sth. 自愿做… volunteer for sth志愿承担某事 voluntary (adj.) 自愿的；志愿的 121. Together we can help protect the ocean. 我们一起能能帮助保护海洋。 Further study 122. The Chinese Wetlands is a wonderful documentary about various kinds of wetlands in China, the Chinese people’s efforts to protect them and the achievements we have made. 《中国湿地》是一部关于中国各种湿地、中国人民保护这些湿地的努力以及我们取得的成就的精彩纪录片。 123. Watch it to learn more about the importance of wetlands and share your findings with your classmates. 观看这部影片，了解更多湿地的重要性，并与同学们分享你的发现。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $