Unit 7 The natural world 知识清单2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册
八上 Unit 7 The natural world
1. To treat the earth kindly is to treat oneself kindly.
善待地球就是善待自己。
2. give suggestions on how to protect ecosystems
就如何保护生态系统提出建议
3. better understand the importance of protecting ecosystems
更好地理解保护生态系统的重要性
4. Let’s learn about different ecosystems and see what we can do to help protect them.
让我们了解不同的生态系统，看看我们能做些什么来帮助保护它们。
Welcome to the unit
5. Rainforests are home to over half of all the types of animals and plants on earth.
雨林是地球上一半以上动植物的家园。
6. Coral reefs look like rocks, but they support a lot of life in just a small area.
珊瑚礁看起来像岩石，但它们在一个很小的区域里养活了很多生命。
7. Grasslands often lie between deserts and forests.
草原常位于沙漠和森林之间。
8. The ice is home to animals like polar bears and penguins.
冰面是北极熊和企鹅等动物的家园。
9. I know that grasslands in different places are home to different animals.
我知道不同地方的草原是不同动物的家园。
10. In Inner Mongolia, there are horses and cows, but in Africa, there are lions and giraffes.
在内蒙古有马和牛，但在非洲有狮子和长颈鹿。
11. It’s very dry in deserts because there’s little rain.
沙漠非常干燥，因为很少下雨。
12. And the difference in temperature between day and night is huge.
昼夜的温差是巨大的。
13. The climate in deserts is so awful that only a few animals and plants can live there.
沙漠里的气候非常恶劣，只有少数动物和植物能在那里生存。
so+形容词/副词+that… 如此…以至于…
so many/much/little/few 如此多/少
such+名词短语+that… 如此…以至于…
such little children如此小的孩子们
so+形容词+a/an+名词= such+ a/an+形容词+名词
当修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词时只能用such
14. The desert plants keep water in their leaves, and many animals there get water from these plants.
沙漠植物把水分保存在叶子里，那里的许多动物从这些植物中获得水分。
Reading
15. the earth’s main ecosystem
地球主要生态系统
16. The big three: oceans, wetlands and forests
三大生态系统：海洋、湿地和森林
17. An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area.
一个生态系统涵盖一个区域内所有生物和非生物。
① include (v.) 包括
including (prep.) 包括
② life (n.)个人生活；生命→lives(复数)
③ live住，居住; 过日子；
live with…和…住
live on… 以食…为生
live a...life过着...的生活
④ lively (adj.) 轻快的，生气勃勃的
⑤ living (adj.) 活着的，活的
living things生物；living area 居住地
living (n.) 生存，生计
make a living by doing sth做…谋生
=do sth for a living
18. Ecosystems can be of different sizes, from small ponds to large grasslands.
生态系统大小各异，小到池塘，大到广袤草原。
19. Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance between all its members and the greater environment.
每个生态系统都有其作用，助力维持系统内各组成部分与大环境间的平衡。
① balance (n.) 平衡能力；平衡
keep a balance between…and…
保持…和…之间的平衡
② balance (vt.) sth balance sth …平衡…
③ balanced (adj.) 保持平衡的
④ have a role to play发挥作用，有责任
20. The ocean is a very large ecosystem on earth.
海洋是地球上极为庞大的生态系统。
21. It covers around 71% of the earth’s surface and produces about 70% of the earth’s oxygen.
它约覆盖地球表面约71%的面积，产生地球约70%的氧气。
① cover (v.)足以支付,够付；覆盖；包括
(n.)封面，盖子，罩子；躲避处
② around (prep.) 围绕, 环绕
(adv.)到处, 向各处；大约
③ produce (vt.)导致，产生
product (n.)产品
production (n.)生产；产量
22. It holds plenty of salt water, and the water rises to the sky, falls onto the land and then returns to the ocean.
它容纳大量咸水，水分升腾到空中，降落到陆地后又回归海洋。
① hold (vt.) 容纳；拿着；举行；支撑
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hold…=…take place 举行(活动)
hold up 支撑得住；举起；阻挡
② return(vt.)归还；return sth to sb=give back…to sb
(vi.)返回，回去，回来
return to…=go/come back to…
23. This goes on and on, so the ocean is just like the “heart” of the earth.
周而复始，所以海洋就像地球的“心脏”。
24. Wetlands only cover about 6% of the earth’s land area.
湿地仅覆盖地球陆地面积的约6%。
25. But they are home to around 40% of all types of plants and animals.
26. Plants in wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water clean.
湿地中的植物有助于清除污染、净化水质。
get rid of… 清除；摆脱
27. Wetlands can also help prevent floods.
湿地还能有助于防止洪水。
prevent sb (from) doing sth阻止某人做某事
stop sb (from) doing sth
keep sb from doing sth
28. During heavy rains, wetlands store water like huge sponges.
store (vt.) 储存 (n.) 商店=shop
29. They act like the “kidneys” of the earth.
它们表现得像地球的“肾脏”。
act(v.)起作用; 行动act to do sth 采取行动做某事
表演; actor (n.)男演员→ actress女演员
30. Forests make up nearly a third of the earth’s land area.
森林约占地球陆地面积的三分之一。
① make up形成，构成；化妆，打扮；编造，虚构
②“分数”的表达方法：上基，下序。分子大于1，分母用复数；
分数词/百分数词+of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据名词确定。
31. Plants there take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen.
森林里的植物吸收空气中的二氧化碳并释放氧气。
32. They also trap harmful things in their leaves and help clean the air.
① harm (n/vt.)伤害；损害
→ harmful(adj.)有害的→ harmless (adj.)无害的
be harmful to…=harm…=do harm to...对…有害
=be bad for…
② damage (vt.) 损害，毁坏
(n.)损害(抽象损害,不可数;具体损害处;可数)
③ destroy (vt.) 破坏，摧毁
④ trap (v.)吸收；使落入困境→trapping
be trapped被困住
(n.) 陷阱；圈套；困境
33. Therefore, people often call forests the “lungs” of the earth.
因此，人们常把森林称作地球的“肺”。
34. Each of these ecosystems supports millions of plants and animals.
这些生态系统各自供养着着数百万动植物。
35. They keep the planet healthy and make our world a better place.
它们保持地球健康，使我们的世界更美好。
36. What is an ecosystem made up of?
生态系统是由什么组成的？
be made up of ... 由…构成，强调由部分组成整体
37. in a travel guide在一个旅游指南里
in a geography magazine在一本地理杂志上
38. Hello listeners! Welcome to Science with Doctor Ted.
各位听众朋友们，欢迎收听《泰德博士的科学课》。
39. Today I’ll talk to you about the biggest ecosystem on our planet.
今天我要和大家聊一聊我们星球上最大的生态系统。
40. It covers the largest area of the earth’s surface and holds 97% of the earth’s water.
它覆盖了地球表面最大的区域, 并容纳了地球水体的97%。
41. Do you know that some of the plants in the ocean produce oxygen for the animals living there?
你知道海洋中的一些生物能够为生活在那的动物产生氧气吗？
动词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词；
主动用ing(现在分词); 被动用ed(过去分词)
42. What’s more, the ocean can take in 25%–30% of carbon dioxide and store heat.
此外，海水能够吸收25~30%的二氧化碳，并储存热量。
take away 拿走，带走
take in 吸收，吸入
take off 脱下(衣物)；起飞
take on 承担
take out 取出
take up 占据(时间/空间)
43. It plays an important role in slowing down climate change.
它在减缓气候变化方面起着重要的作用。
slow down 放慢速度，减速
44. Sadly, we’re facing a serious problem: ocean pollution.
令人遗憾的是，我们正面临着一个严峻的问题：海洋污染。
sad (adj.) 难过的-sadder-saddest;
sadly(adv.) 不幸地；悲伤地
sadness (n.) 悲伤
45. There are millions of tons of plastic in the ocean, and it’s very difficult to get rid of it.
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海洋中堆积着数以百万吨塑料，而且清除这些塑料非常困难。
46. It’s time for us to take action and protect the ocean.
我们是时候采取行动来保护海洋了。
47. If we don’t, the plastic will harm the balance of the ocean ecosystem.
如果我们不这样做，塑料将会破坏海洋生态系统的平衡。
https://www.zxxk.com/user/11987631/
Grammar 动词及基本句型(II)
48. 有些及物动词后面可以跟两个宾语，通常其中一个指人，另一个指物；指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。由这类动词构成的句子结构是：
◆ S + V + O + O（主＋谓＋宾＋宾）。
S + V + sb + sth → S + V + sth +to/for+ sb
① 能与to搭配的动词有
bring, feed, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, post,
read, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, write 等。
② 能与for搭配的动词有
bring, build, buy, cook, find, get, leave, make, order,
pick, save等。
③ 特殊：
provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb
给某人提供某物
present sb with sth=present sth to sb
给某人颁发某物
49. 有些及物动词后面常跟宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语的行为或状态等。这样构成的句子结构是：
◆S + V + O + C（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）。
宾语补足语常由形容词、名词、介词短语、动词-ing 形式、动词-ed 形式、动词不定式来充当。
50. The sun gives light and heat to ocean animals.
太阳给海洋动物提供光和热。
51. We should build a better home for local wildlife.
我们应该为当地的野生动物建立一个更好的家园。
52. We made the forest the topic of this class.
我们把森林作为这节课的主题。
53. The ocean provides a home for animals all year round.
海洋终年为动物提供家园。
54. Deserts are difficult places for animals to live.
沙漠是动物难以生存的地方。
55. Little rain and too much sunshine make deserts dry.
少雨和过多的阳光使沙漠干燥。
56. These plants store the water in their leaves.
这些植物把水分储存在叶子里。
57. Some animals feed on the leaves, and the water can keep them healthy.
一些动物以树叶为食，水可以保持它们的健康。
58. Quite a few desert plants also give animals food.
相当多的沙漠植物也给动物提供食物。
quite a few 相当多，不少
not a little 非常；许多
59. Their flowers and fruit can provide animals with energy.
它们的花朵和果实可以为动物提供能量。
60. 并列连词 and、but、or 和 so
我们可以用并列连词and、but、or和so来连接单词、短语或者句子。
and“和，又”，表示并列关系。
but “但是”，表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思往往相反或相对。
or“或者”，表示选择关系；否定句中表并列
so “因此，所以”，表示因果关系，常用来连接两个简单句。注意：并列连词 so 和从属连词 because（因为）不能一起使用。
61. The desert is hot, dry and covered by sand.
沙漠炎热，干燥，被沙子覆盖。
62. Oceans provide food for many animals, produce oxygen and store heat from the sun.
海洋为许多动物提供食物，产生氧气并储存来自太阳的热量。
63. Birds can live in the forest or in the wetland.
鸟可以生活在森林里或湿地里。
64. Grasslands can be hot, so animals sit under the shade of trees.
草原可能很热，所以动物们坐在树荫下。
Word power
65. 形容词+ly，构成副词（见Unit3 Grammar）
real-really; true-truly
near-nearly几乎，将近
bad-badly很；非常；严重地
complete-completely完全地
full-fully充分地，完全地
hard-hardly几乎不
deep-deeply很；非常
high-highly高度地
66. 名词+ly，构成形容词
friend-friendly友好的; love-lovely可爱的
day-daily每天的; 每天
week-weekly每周的; 每周
month-monthly每月的; 每月
year-yearly每年的；每年
67. 形容词+ly，构成形容词
kind-kindly (adj.)亲切的；和蔼的
(adv.)亲切地；温和地
like-likely (adj.)可能的
be likely to do sth有可能做某事
live-lively (adj.)生气勃勃的
dead-deadly (adj.)致命的；乏味枯燥的
(adv.)极其
68. You might hear about the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, the largest reef system on earth.
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