Unit 2 Home Sweet Home Section A Grammar Focus (3a-3c) 语言点精讲精练2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级上册

本讲义聚焦初中英语情态动词can/could的用法（能力、可能性、建议）、until的介词与连词用法（含not...until结构）、dead的多义及相关词汇（die/death/dying）辨析、give sb a ride短语、be careful with的用法及拓展，构建从基础用法到语境应用的学习支架。 资料亮点在于精讲结合语境（如dead的“手机没电”与“死亡”对比），精练题型多样（填空、阅读、完形），通过家务、社区活动等情境培养语言能力和思维品质，参考答案详细，课中辅助教学，课后助力查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

Unit 2 Section A Grammar Focus(3a-3c)语言点精讲精练 I．语言点精讲 1. 情态动词 can / could的其他用法 情态动词could 为 can 的过去式，可以表示能力，表示可能性和建议。 1)表示能力 例如：Can you speak English? 你会说英语吗？ He could sing very well when he was young. 他年轻的时候歌唱得很好。 When I was five, I could swim like a fish. 我五岁时游泳游得像条鱼一样好。（could 是can的过去式） 2) 表示可能性，指对过去、现在或将来的某种可能的推测。 The book could be Lily’s because she likes reading books. 那本书可能是莉莉的，因为她喜欢看书。 3)提出建议 对平级或晚辈可用 can，快速给出建议； 对上级、长辈或需要体现礼貌时用 could，避免显得生硬。 We can eat in a restaurant this evening. 今晚我们可以在餐馆吃饭。 用 can 提出直接建议（常用于口语，语气较随意） Maybe I could give you a lift to the supermarket. 也许我可以让你搭我的车去超市。 You could try reading the instructions before starting.你可以试着在开始前先读一下说明书。 用 could 提出委婉建议（语气更礼貌、含蓄，适合正式或陌生场景） 2. Can I stay out until eleven? 我能在外面待到11点吗? (教材 P15 3b) until /ʌnˈtɪl/ prep. 到……时;直到……为止 (1) [介词]到……时；直到……为止 not... until...意为“直到……才……”，常与非延续性动词连用,表示动作直到 until 所表示的时间才发生。 They didn’t have a car until last year.他们直到去年才有一辆汽车。 (2)[连词]到……时;直到……为止 引导时间状语从句,表示动作或状态的延续。 也可用于 not...until...结构。 You will never truly understand your parents’ great love until you grow up. 直到你长大后,你才会真正理解父母伟大的爱。 3. You want to call your parents, but your phone is dead. 你想给你的父母打电话,但你的电话没电了(教材 P15 3c) dead /ded/ adj. 不运行的；死的 （1）[形容词]（因为缺电）不运行的 My phone went dead, so I need to charge it. 我的手机没电了，所以我需要给它充电。 （2）[形容词]死的 在句中作定语或表语。 the dead 死者 There were dead leaves on the ground after the strong wind. 大风过后枯叶落了一地。 I’m afraid he is dead. 恐怕他已经去世了。 【拓】与dead相关的其他单词: die [不及物动词]死 亡，其过去式和过去分词均为 died,现在分词为 dying。是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用。die of/from“死于” death[名词]死亡 dying[形容词]垂死的;临死的 只能作前置定语。 【语境串记】 He has been dead for two years. He died of cancer. We were very sad about his death. 他已经去世两年了。他死于癌症。我们为他的去世感到很难过 4. Could you give me a ride to town now? give sb a ride (to sp.) 给某人搭便车，送某人去某地 今天早上我起晚了，爸爸开车送我去学校。 My dad gave me a ride to school this morning because I got up late. 你能载我去图书馆吗？走路太远了。 Could you give me a ride to the library? It’s too far to walk. 5. Yes, if you are careful with it. be careful with 注意；当心 — be careful of/about. Please be careful with my car. You should be careful of your spelling. — 拓展 ① be careful （not） to do sth 当心/注意（不要）做某事 Be careful not to wake the baby. ② be careful that +从句当心…⋯ You must be careful that you don't catch a cold. II．语言点精练 一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Poor Jack! His phone went ______ (die) in the middle of an important meeting! 2. I like to take ________ (note) when I am reading a book. 3. There are many ____________ (community) in our city. 4. Can she _____ (run) as fast as Helen? 5. The cups are expensive, please be ________ (care) with them. 二、根据要求完成句子 1. 你能帮我倒垃圾吗？ Could you please help me take out the _______? 2. 我可以借用你的笔记本吗？我想记笔记。 _______ I borrow your notebook? I want to _______ _______. 3. 你必须小心这些玻璃杯，它们很容易碎。 You must _______ _______ _______ these glasses—they break easily. 4. 我们需要在社区活动前打扫干净房间。 We need to _______ _______ the room before the community activity. 5. 你能告诉我这个单词怎么读吗？我不太确定。 ____ you ____ me how to pronounce this word? I'm not sure. 三、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。 kid  learn  parents  housework  do  independent  important  improve  early  plan Many parents want to let their kids enjoy themselves when they’re still young. Others may think children can’t finish the 1 as well as possible. They seem to be right, but they don’t realize the 2 of giving kids chores. There are several reasons for doing chores for 3 . Chores help 4 life skills (技能). They’re young now, but when they grow up, they need to do washing, cooking and cleaning. They can’t learn them at school. 5 these skills at home is important. Chores help kids learn to be 6 . Cleaning their rooms or washing their clothes can make them less dependent on others. They will think they can take care of themselves. Chores help teach them to respect (尊重) others. They often can’t realize what their parents do around the house until they move away from home. They may realize the mess of their rooms by 7 housework themselves, so they can respect their 8 work at home. Chores help improve planning skills. It feels like there are a lot of things to do in a day. How to spend time on them? Chores can help older kids build good habits 9 . They learn to 10 their time in a right way. It is also an important skill for them in the future. 四、完形填空。 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 “Take out the rubbish, clean the living room, and sweep the floor,” said Jewel’s mother. “Jewel, you have to help me 1 we can finish the housework faster!” The minute Jewel finished the work, her mother asked her to do something 2 : pick up her books, make her bed, and put her clothes away. Jewel angrily (生气地) said to herself, “ 3 do I have to do all this work?” When Jewel finished her work, she felt 4 and upset (难过). She went back to her bedroom, took a piece of paper and wrote on it: Dear Mum, For all the 5 I did: Taking out the rubbish —$0.75 Cleaning the living room —$3. 00 Sweeping the floor—$5. 00 6 my books—$1. 00 Making my bed—$1. 25 Putting my clothes away—$2. 00 Total (总计): $13. 00 Jewel then gave 7 to her mother. After Mum read it, she picked up a pen, turned over the paper and wrote: For the nine months that I carried you: No Charge (收费). For all the nights that I sat up with you: No Charge. For all the food that I 8 for you: No Charge. For all the money that I spent on you: No Charge. For all my love for you: No Charge. When Jewel finished 9 it, she almost cried. She said to her mother, “Mum, I love you.” Then she took the pen and in big letters she 10 on the paper, “PAID IN FULL (全部付清)”. 1．A．so B．but C．if D．or 2．A．popular B．else C．interesting D．special 3．A．When B．Where C．What D．Why 4．A．tired B．comfortable C．lucky D．hungry 5．A．hobbies B．sports C．housework D．exercise 6．A．Giving back B．Picking up C．Taking out D．Looking for 7．A．her B．him C．it D．them 8．A．accepted B．enjoyed C．changed D．cooked 9．A．reading B．working C．teaching D．making 10．A．collected B．solved C．wrote D．meant 五、阅读理解。 Every month, the students in No.1 Middle School have a “Community Help Day”. They go to the community to help people in need. This month, Lily and her classmates plan to help the old people’s home. Here’s their plan: · Morning: Clean the rooms, wash clothes, and take out rubbish. · Afternoon: Read newspapers to the old people, help them write letters, and play chess. Lily asks her teacher, “Could we bring some flowers for them?” The teacher says, “Good idea! But be careful with the vases—they’re easy to break.” On the day, Lily’s group works hard. Old Mrs. Wang can’t see well. Lily helps her take notes for a letter to her son. “Thank you, dear,” Mrs. Wang says. “I feel so happy.” Lily thinks, “It’s great to help others. I’ll join again next month!” 1. （细节题）What do the students do in the morning on “Community Help Day”? A. Play chess. B. Clean rooms. C. Read newspapers. 2. （细节题）Why does Lily help Mrs. Wang take notes? A. Because Mrs. Wang can’t see well. B. Because Mrs. Wang is too busy. C. Because Mrs. Wang doesn’t like writing. 3. （推理题）What can we infer from the passage? A. The students only help old people once. B. The teacher thinks bringing flowers is a bad idea. C. Lily enjoys helping others. 4. （判断题）Which is TRUE according to the passage? A. The students go to the community every week. B. Lily is careful with the vases. C. Mrs. Wang writes a letter to her daughter. 5. （主旨题）What is the passage mainly about? A. A school’s “Community Help Day” activity. B. How to help old people in the community. C. Why students should join community activities. II. 语言点精练参考答案 一、1. dead 2. notes 3. communities 4. run 5. careful 二、1. rubbish；2. Could/Can；take notes；3. be careful with；4. clean up 5. Can/Could；tell 三、【答案】本文介绍了让孩子做家务的原因。 1．句意：其他人可能认为孩子不能尽可能好地完成家务。根据“Others may think children can’t finish the”及“giving kids chores”可知，此处指完成家务，housework“家务”，不可数名词。故填housework。 2．句意：但他们没有意识到给孩子做家务的重要性。根据“ don’t realize the...of giving kids chores”及备选词可知是做家务的重要性，importance“重要性”。故填importance。 3．句意：给孩子做家务有几个原因。根据“doing chores for...”及备选词可知，是孩子做家务，kid“孩子”，此处用名词复数。故填kids。 4．句意：家务有助于提高生活技能。根据“life skills”及备选词可知，是提高生活技能，improve“提高”，help do sth.“帮助做某事”。故填improve。 5．句意：在家学习这些技能很重要。根据“these skills at home is important.”及备选词可知，是学习这些技能很重要，learn“学习”，作主语用动名词。故填Learning。 6．句意：家务帮助孩子们学会独立。根据“make them less dependent on others”及备选词可知，做家务让孩子更独立，作表语用形容词independent“独立的”。故填independent。 7．句意：他们可能会通过自己做家务来意识到房间的脏乱，所以他们可以尊重父母在家的工作。do housework“做家务”，作介词by的宾语用动名词。故填doing。 8．句意：他们可能会通过自己做家务来意识到房间的脏乱，所以他们可以尊重父母在家的工作。根据“respect their...work”可知是尊重父母的工作，修饰名词用名词所有格parents’。故填parents’。 9．句意：家务可以帮助年龄较大的孩子尽早养成良好的习惯。根据“help older kids build good habits”及备选词可知，是早早地养成好习惯，early“早”，副词。故填early。 10．句意：他们学会以正确的方式规划自己的时间。根据“...their time in a right way”可知是计划好时间，plan“计划，规划”，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填plan。 四、【答案】【导语】本文讲述妈妈让Jewel做一些家务，Jewel向妈妈收费。妈妈写了为Jewel做的事，Jewel读完很感动。 1．句意：Jewel，你得帮帮我，这样我们才能更快地完成家务！ so因此；but但是；if如果；or或者。前后两句构成因果关系，前因后果，用so连接。故选A。 2．句意：她一完成工作，她妈妈就叫她做别的事情：把她的书捡起来，把她的床整理好，把她的衣服收拾好。 popular受欢迎的；else其他的；interesting有趣的；special特殊的。根据“The minute Jewel finished the work, her mother asked her to do something...”可知，做完一些，妈妈就会让去做另一些。故选B。 3．句意：为什么我必须做所有这些工作？ When何时；Where哪里；What什么；Why为什么。根据“...do I have to do all this work”可知，Jewel不明白为什么要做这些事情，故选D。 4．句意：Jewel干完活后，感到又累又心烦。 tired劳累的；comfortable舒服的；lucky幸运的；hungry饥饿的。根据“When Jewel finished her work, she felt...and upset.”可知，做完家务后，感觉很累，故选A。 5．句意：我所做的一切家务。 hobbies爱好；sports运动；housework家务；exercise锻炼。根据罗列的信息“Taking out the rubbish…”可知，是做家务，故选C。 6．句意：捡起我的书——1美元。 Giving back还给；Taking out拿出；Picking up捡起；Looking for寻找。根据前文“pick up her books”可知，是捡起书，故选B。 7．句意：Jewel把它交给了妈妈。 her她；him他；it它；them他们。根据“took a piece of paper and wrote on it”可知，此处指这张纸，故选C。 8．句意：我为你做了这么多食物：不收费。 accepted接受；enjoyed欣赏；changed改变；cooked做饭。根据“For all the food that I...for you”可知，是做的饭，故选D。 9．句意：Jewel读完后，几乎哭了出来。 reading阅读；working工作；teaching教；making制造。根据“she picked up a pen, turned over the paper and wrote”可知，此处指读完妈妈写的内容，故选A。 10．句意：然后她拿起笔，在纸上写了几个大字。 collected收集；solved解决；wrote写；meant意味着。根据“on the paper”可知，此处指写在纸上，故选C。 五、1. B；2. A；3. C；4. B；5. A 【解析】 【解析】根据第二段 “Morning: Clean the rooms...” 可知，上午学生打扫房间，故选 B。 【解析】由第四段 “Old Mrs. Wang can’t see well. Lily helps her take notes” 可知，因王奶奶视力不好，故选 A。 【解析】由最后一段 Lily 的想法 “It’s great to help others. I’ll join again” 可推断她喜欢助人，故选 C。 【解析】A 项错误，是每月一次而非每周；B 项正确，老师提醒 “be careful with the vases”，学生应会遵守；C 项错误，是给儿子写信。 【解析】文章主要讲述第一中学 “社区帮助日” 的活动内容和过程，故选 A。 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $