Unit 4 Natural disasters Discovering useful Structures导学案 -2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语导学案聚焦限制性定语从句，通过单元主题相关例句引导学生“语法感悟”，先分析划线部分修饰名词作定语，明确先行词与关系代词，搭建从具体语境到抽象语法规则的学习支架。 资料以表格归纳关系代词指代及成分，结合口诀辅助记忆，分层设计感悟、规则、专练环节，真实语境例句提升语言能力，问题链培养思维品质，助力学生高效掌握语法，适合教师课堂使用。

Book1 Unit4 课时三 Discovering Useful Structures 语法课 语法感悟 1) There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. 井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。 2) Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. 在城市正下方11公里处，一场20世纪最致命的地震开始了，这场地震甚至在150多公里外的北京造成了破坏。 3) Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 居住在那里的三分之二的人死亡或受伤。 4) The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. 在地震中死亡或重伤的人数超过40万人。 5) Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震发生后不久，军队就派出了15万名士兵到唐山，挖掘被困人员和埋葬死者。 6) Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。 1. 以上六个句子中，划线句子的作用是修饰_______、_______、_________、_________、________、_____________这些名词， 作_____语。句子作定语，叫作_________________从句。被修饰名词叫做先行词。 2. that, who, whose 这些代词放在定语从句句首，起到连接从句和主句的作用，叫做关系代词。 3. 1) 2)句中that在从句中充当________，指_______。3）4）5）句中关系代词who充当________, 指________。6）句中whose 在从句中充当__________________， 既可以指人也可以指物。 限制性定语从句(关系代词的用法) 一、基本概念 关系 代词 指代 在从句中充当的成分 人 物 句子 主语 宾语 表语 定语 who whom that which whose as 2． 语法规则 1.that和which的用法 which指物，that既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 1　 The dishes (that/which) I cooked were Mum's favourite. 我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。that/which 在从句中指______做______语, (可/不可)省略。 2　 The man (that) we have just seen is a famous writer. 我们刚刚看到的那个人是一位著名的作家。that/在从句中指______做______语, (可/不可)省略。 3　 I also want a pen that/which can draw the most beautiful pictures.我也想要一支能画出最漂亮的画的笔。that/which 在从句中指______做______语, (可/不可)省略。 4　 JOURNEY TO THE WEST is the first novel that he has read. 《西游记》是他读的第一本长篇小说。that在从句中指______做______语。 5　 Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited. 桂林是我参观过的最美丽的城市。that在从句中指______做______语, (可/不可)省略。 6　 He is the very person that they are looking for.他正是他们在找的人。that在从句中指______做______语。 7　 This is the only book that tells the truth of that period of history. 这是唯一讲述那段历史的书籍。that在从句中指______做______语。 8　 He seemed to have forgotten something that was very important. 他似乎忘掉了非常重要的东西。that在从句中指______做______语。 9　 They talked about the things and persons that they could remember in the school. 他们谈论着学校里他们能记起的那些事和人。that在从句中指______做______语。 注意：句子④⑤⑥⑦⑧中，定语从句多用that 引导。口诀：very、only序最高，人物不定that好。即当先行词被very、only、序数词、最高级修饰，先行词既指人又指物，或先行词是不定代词时，定语从句常常由that引导。 2.who和whom的用法 who和whom指人，who在从句中可作主语和宾语，whom在从句中作宾语。 10　 He is the man(who/whom)I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见到的那个人. 11　 Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognising their own strengths. 快乐和成功经常会眷顾那些善于认识到自己优点的人。 3.whose的用法 whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语。Whose之后的名词和先行词有所属关系。（口诀：whose前后名，后名属前名） 12　 I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪声. 13　 Please pass me the book whose is green. 请递给我那本绿色封面的书。 4. as 的用法 as引导限制性定语从句仅限于先行词前面有 such，the same 等修饰时, as 既可指人又可指物, 在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。 14　 She is such a nice girl as we all like. 她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。 15　 I bought the same dictionary as you borrowed. 我买了一本和你借的一样的词典。(同一类的两本词典) 语法专练 1. Your friend, _______ doesn’t work hard, asks you to help him/her cheat in the exam by looking at your paper. 2. Do you want a friend______________ you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 3. Can you understand the different kinds of English _______________ these people are using? 4. It was based more on German than the English ___________________ we speak at present. 5. this is because in the early days of radio, those _______ reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. 6. Some people _______ live in the mountains of the eastern USA speak an older kind of English dialect. 7. Choose a place __________________ you want to visit. 8. They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river ____________ is called the Mekong River in other countries. 9. She give me a determined look—the kind _____________ said she would not change her mind. 10. We found a large atlas（地图集） with good maps________________ showed details of world geography. 11. But the one million people of the city, ________ thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 12. It was felt in Beijing, ________ is more than two hundred kilometers away. 13. A huge crack（裂缝） _____________ was eight kilometers long and thirty meters cut across houses, roads and canals. 14. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of ________ agreed that it was the best one this year. 15. The park will also honor those _________ helped the survivors. 16. A great person is someone ____________ devotes his/ her life to helping others. 17. They could not get the jobs __________ they wanted. 18. They must be athletes ______ are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others. 19. The player _______ was known as “Air Jordan” changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps. 20. The Boys and Girls Club _________ he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996. 答案 语法感悟 1. cracks a quake people people those survivors 定 定语 2. 主语，物 主语，物 定语 语法规则 1 物 宾 可②人 宾 可③ 物 主 不可 ④ 物 宾 ⑤ 物 宾 可⑥ 人 主⑦ 物 主 ⑧ 物 主⑨ 人和物 宾 语法专练 1. Who 2. who/whom 3. that/which 4. that/which 5. who 6. who 7. that/which 8. that/which 9.that/which 10. that/which 11. who 12. which 13. that/which 14. whom 15. who 16. who 17. that/which 18. who 19. who 20. that/which 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $