精品解析：北京市东直门2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

北京市东直门中学2025-2026学年度第一学期期中考试 高三英语 2025.11 考试时间：90分钟 总分100分 班级________ 姓名________ 学号________ 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Last year at Christmas time my wife and I were in France. For five wretched (恶劣的) days everything had gone ____1____. On Christmas Eve, there was no Christmas ____2____ in our hearts. It was raining and cold when we went out to eat. Only five tables in the restaurant were ____3____. There were two German couples, two French families, and an American sailor ____4____ himself. In the corner a piano player unenthusiastically played Christmas music. I looked around and noticed that the other customers were eating in stony ____5____. The only person who seemed happy was the American sailor, who was writing a letter, and a half-smile lighted his face. Then came an old flower woman. Carrying her basket of flowers, she went from one table to another. But no one bought any. Before the young sailor left, he walked over to the flower woman. “Merry Christmas,” he said, smiling and picking out two flowers. Pressing the smaller flower flat, he put it into the ____6____ he had written, and then handed the woman a twenty franc note. “I don’t have change,” she said. “No, ma’am,” said the sailor, leaning over and kissing the ____7____ cheek. “This is my Christmas present to you.” ____8____ the other flower in front of him, he came to our table. In one quick motion he gave my wife the flower, wished us a Merry Christmas, and departed. Everyone had been watching the sailor. A few seconds later, Christmas ____9____ throughout the restaurant like a bomb. The miserable evening ____10____ being the very best Christmas Eve we had ever experienced just because of a young sailor who had Christmas spirit in his soul. He gave us Christmas. 1. A. smoothly B. quickly C. wrong D. well 2. A. dinner B. party C. tree D. spirit 3. A. occupied B. wiped C. cleared D. left 4. A. on B. by C. for D. to 5 A. silence B. excitement C. despair D. astonishment 6. A. application B. letter C. poem D. resume 7. A. rosy B. smooth C. sunken D. flushed 8. A. Shaking B. Moving C. Holding D. Packing 9 A. caught B. touched C. affected D. exploded 10. A. turned up B. ended up C. set up D. took up 第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When the girls on the school softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, Taylor watched her teammate Paris play. Suddenly, Paris ____11____(fall) to the ground with the eyes rolling back. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?” To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. ____12____ oxygen, the brain would be damaged quickly. Amazingly, Taylor ____13____(take) a CPR course the day before so she ran to Paris immediately and began doing CPR. Luckily, the girl was saved. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Jiangsu City Super League also called the “Suchao” attracts thousands of players and fans every year. Many matches ____14____ (hold) on weekends, providing exciting entertainment for families and friends who gather to cheer for their favorite teams. Having grown rapidly in recent years, the league now includes over 100 teams ____15____ (compete) in various divisions. Broadcast online and covered by local media, the League helps discover talented players who may later join professional clubs. With its rapid ____16____ (grow), it has become an important part of Jiangsu's football culture. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It can be easy for teenagers to form bad habits in seeking independence. These bad habits, if ____17____ (leave) unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, ____18____, most experts believe, can possibly lead to physical and mental health problems. To change these bad habits is never easy. In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made by ____19____ (we). We make a choice to do something, and then repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change it, if we understand ___20___ habits work. 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节 阅读理解(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Disinformation, which is false information spread on purpose, has become a cause of concern recently. In response to this rising global threat, the United Nations Information Centre (UNIC) Canberra and its partners will be organizing a two-day conference, DISINFO PACIFIC, on November 11 and 12, 2024. The conference will focus on strategies for preventing and reducing disinformation, as well as applying best practices to address this global challenge. It aims to provide a forum (论坛) for journalists, social media experts, educators, researchers, policy-makers and communications professionals, from within and outside the UN. Currently, we are in search of social media volunteers to provide online assistance for this conference. Requirements: · Outstanding oral and written communication skills · Professional graphic (绘图的) design experience · Prior involvement in designing document layouts · In-depth familiarity with graphic design apps · Working knowledge of the English language Note: A degree in graphic design or a related field is considered a plus. Responsibilities: · Developing a comprehensive social media release plan · Assisting in choosing the right types of media and updating conference information on a daily basis · Working together with our communications team to create social media activities according to agreed requirements · Developing a series of social media resources once the final concept is agreed upon, with a particular focus on a youth (university level) student audience Join us now as a social media volunteer and help build a future with less disinformation. You will also have the opportunity to build connections with the UNIC Canberra and its partners and learn about the ways in which social media communication can support the promotion of a conference centering on disinformation. Find out more at https://app.unv.org/opportunities. 21. According to the passage, volunteers should . A. hold a degree in graphic design B. be able to develop graphic design apps C. have a great communicative competence D. be as fluent in English as native speakers 22. If selected, volunteers will . A. release a UNIC work plan B. help design social media activities C. evaluate the final concept D. provide weekly media updates 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To promote a conference. B. To seek online volunteers. C. To highlight a global threat. D. To introduce an organization. B I’m walking around the house with a severe limp (跛行) and actively second-guessing every decision I’ve ever made. That can only mean one thing: I just ran my one race for the year. The 7-mile race is in my hometown in Illinois, and I’ve been doing it almost every year since I was a 12-year-old boy. I reached my peak about 15 years ago and have been performing poorly ever since. Why do I keep going if I no longer enjoy it and am getting worse every year? Tradition, mostly. Besides, I don’t dislike the whole race, just the running part. I like seeing all the running club members I’ve known since childhood, and I love the free beer afterward. Running is just a minor block on the way to the good stuff. That day, I was accompanied to the race by a group of three extremely in-shape people. We all live in the same Indianapolis suburb. These guys bike and run countless miles, often in the same day. One has done dozens of Spartan Races, which require the player to crawl through mud, flip tires and throw spears. Another is training for a triathlon (三项全能运动). In addition to being faster than me on foot, in the water and on wheels, he can also outlift me. I didn’t hold much hope for the race — no one puts less pressure on me than me. Between miles 4 and 5, I felt so good that I wondered why I only do this once a year. Then I hit mile 6, and my body warned me. I pushed myself until I had a mile left, at which point my legs decided they were done. Determination and a can-do attitude are no match for gravity and distance. Exhausted, I slowly made my way to the finishing line. Still, I can honestly say I gave everything I had. My slow, plodding (步履艰难的) finish was actually a victory that proves I gave it my all. I don’t need a huge cup to honor my heroic performance. My aching knee is enough of a souvenir. A day later, even as my entire body tells me I’m an idiot, I can’t help but feel that the race was a success. I’ve decided to keep doing this race as long as my legs can support me. 24. The author ran the race because ________. A. he wanted to keep the old custom B. he wanted to compete with friends C. he intended to build up his body D. he enjoyed long-distance running 25. Why did the author mention the in-shape people? A. To give his reason for low self-expectation. B. To show his envy of their athletic abilities. C. To emphasize his strong will to win the race. D. To express his confidence in finishing the race. 26. What do we know about the author during the race? A. He struggled from beginning to end. B. He broke his leg at the finishing line. C. He experienced pressure from himself. D. He pushed himself to the limits to make it. C For decades, scientists hypothesized that cognitively demanding tasks, such as writing or solving math problems, require more energy than easier tasks like scrolling short videos on the phone or looking out of the window. However, recent research proves the view wrong. Our brains perform massively complex and metabolically costly computations all day long. “Whether you’ re engaged in a cognitively demanding task at work, or you’ re staring off into space, your brain is using roughly the same amount of energy,” says neuroscientist Todd Braver of Washington University in St. Louis. In fact, what feels more challenging is when a task requires the brain to go against its usual habits. Cognitively demanding work often requires the coordination (协作) of many different brain regions in novel patterns, while silencing circuits that frequently fire together. Studies have found that pushing against our brain’s habits triggers an emotional response, making us feel uncomfortable. “It’s aversive, and it just feels bad,” says Michael Inzlicht, a psychologist from the University of Toronto. But he points out that emotional responses are subjective: They are interpretations of sensations in our bodies and brains. And we can influence how much we pay attention to these sensations and even how we interpret them. We often overestimate the struggle and pain required to complete cognitive tasks. This initial overestimation can lead us to procrastinate, or even avoid the task altogether. Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier. One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money. The options were displayed on a screen, and participants’ eye movements were tracked as they decided which puzzle to attempt. When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’ re more likely to choose to do hard things. Performing complex mental tasks will also be less painful if the exertion of mental effort is habitized. When we don’t have to make a decision to focus every day, we will save ourselves considering the costs or consequences. To make cognitively demanding tasks a habit, try to do them every day at the same time and in the same place. Add a ritual before the work starts, such as turning off the phone and launching an app to block distracting websites. After a few weeks, concentrating deeply won’t just feel easier; it will actually be easier. 27. People may feel certain cognitive task demanding because of ________. A. more brain energy consumption B. the complexity of computations C. the higher level of difficulty D. new coordination of brain parts 28. The author quotes the 2020 study mainly to ________ . A. support a solution B. present a case C. analyze the causes D. challenge an assumption 29. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Overestimation promotes efficiency. B. Personal perception determines motivation. C. Focusing on rewards enhances performance. D. Brain counteraction triggers positive emotions. 30. Which of the following can make mental work feel easier? A. Receiving continuous support when feeling down. B. Seeking professional help when meeting a deadline. C. Reading thick literary classics for twenty minutes daily. D. Breaking down a challenging project into smaller tasks. D “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic presumably shares. One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too. Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis (假说): that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 31 What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Reformers tend to devalue researchers’ work. B. Scientists are unwilling to express kind criticisms. C. People hold wrong assumptions about the culture of science. D. The scientific community should practice critical self-reflection. 32. The strategy of “assuming you are wrong” may contribute to ______. A. the enormous efforts of scientists at work B. the reliability of potential research results C. the public’s passion for scientific findings D. the improvement in the quality of evidence 33. The underlined word “demoralizing” in Paragraph 5 means ______. A. discouraging B. ineffective C. unfair D. misleading 34 The tone the author uses in talking about the untested hypothesis is ______. A. doubtful but sincere B. disapproving but soft C. authoritative and direct D. reflective and humorous 第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Bad News for the Highly Intelligent There are advantages to being smart. People who do well on IQ tests tend to be more successful in the classroom and the workplace. They also tend to live longer, healthier lives, and are less likely to experience negative life events. ____35____ In a study, Ruth Karpinski and her colleagues carried out a study on the members of Mensa, a high IQ society. The study covered mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Respondents were asked to report whether they had ever suffered from each disorder. The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders. To explain their findings, Karpinski and his team bring up the hyper brain and hyper body theory. This theory holds that, for all of its advantages, being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiological “overexcitabilities”, or OE. ___36___This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people. A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to someone less intelligent. ___37___ The results of this study must be interpreted (诠释) cautiously. Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder. ___38___All the same, the findings set the stage for research that promises to cast new light on the link between intelligence and health. One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics. ___39___ In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors. From a practical standpoint, this research may lead to insights about how to improve people’s psychological and physical well-being. A. Now there’s some bad news for those smart people. B. There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case. C. It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse. D Scientists did many researches to understand the reasons behind the advantages. E. That may cause the body’s stress response, which may make the person even more anxious. F. It’s also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ. G. They found that the differences between the respondents were seen for mood and anxiety disorders. 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 We all love to criticize, but unfortunately, we also hate being criticized. We freely post and comment on others, but feel annoyed at the way others assess us, both online and in person. The world seems unlikely to change anytime soon. Fortunately, though, each of us can change how we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative. Criticism is defined as judgment of the merits (优点) and faults of something or someone in written or spoken form. Technically, criticism can include praise, but that isn’t what concerns us here. What annoys us is criticism of the negative variety, even when well-intentioned — so-called constructive criticism, which means to provide guidance so we can improve. Worst of all is destructive criticism, which aims to cause hurt or damage. The culture of criticism isn’t going away. The only way to flourish (繁荣) in it, and despite it, is to adopt new habits of getting and giving critical feedback. One rule is to assume that criticism, even when it seems personal, is not actually about you personally. When we receive criticism, we make it personal in two ways. First, we may naturally analyze the critic rather than the criticism. Second, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our natural abilities, rather than on our performance. Interestingly, even among young children, research shows that viewing criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth, lower positive mood, and less persistence at tasks. If taking criticism is particularly hard for you, you are not alone. However, taking criticism badly is more embarrassing, ultimately, than the criticism itself. If we do the work to learn to accept negative feedback, we will be much better off. 40. What will be the results of changing the way we give and take criticism? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What is the difference between constructive and destructive criticism? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their performance. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 43. What benefit(s) would you gain from learning to accept negative feedback? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 大作文(共20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校上个月举办了九十周年校庆活动。英国交换生Jim听闻后，对此活动非常感兴趣，请你给Jim发邮件，内容包括： 1. 校庆活动介绍； 2. 你的感受。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市东直门中学2025-2026学年度第一学期期中考试 高三英语 2025.11 考试时间：90分钟 总分100分 班级________ 姓名________ 学号________ 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Last year at Christmas time my wife and I were in France. For five wretched (恶劣的) days everything had gone ____1____. On Christmas Eve, there was no Christmas ____2____ in our hearts. It was raining and cold when we went out to eat. Only five tables in the restaurant were ____3____. There were two German couples two French families, and an American sailor ____4____ himself. In the corner a piano player unenthusiastically played Christmas music. I looked around and noticed that the other customers were eating in stony ____5____. The only person who seemed happy was the American sailor, who was writing a letter, and a half-smile lighted his face. Then came an old flower woman. Carrying her basket of flowers, she went from one table to another. But no one bought any. Before the young sailor left, he walked over to the flower woman. “Merry Christmas,” he said, smiling and picking out two flowers. Pressing the smaller flower flat, he put it into the ____6____ he had written, and then handed the woman a twenty franc note. “I don’t have change,” she said. “No, ma’am,” said the sailor, leaning over and kissing the ____7____ cheek. “This is my Christmas present to you.” ____8____ the other flower in front of him, he came to our table. In one quick motion he gave my wife the flower, wished us a Merry Christmas, and departed. Everyone had been watching the sailor. A few seconds later, Christmas ____9____ throughout the restaurant like a bomb. The miserable evening ____10____ being the very best Christmas Eve we had ever experienced just because of a young sailor who had Christmas spirit in his soul. He gave us Christmas. 1. A. smoothly B. quickly C. wrong D. well 2. A. dinner B. party C. tree D. spirit 3. A. occupied B. wiped C. cleared D. left 4. A. on B. by C. for D. to 5. A. silence B. excitement C. despair D. astonishment 6. A. application B. letter C. poem D. resume 7 A. rosy B. smooth C. sunken D. flushed 8. A. Shaking B. Moving C. Holding D. Packing 9. A. caught B. touched C. affected D. exploded 10. A. turned up B. ended up C. set up D. took up 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和妻子去法国旅游，一切都不顺利，最后在一家沉闷的小饭馆里准备度过一个凄凉的圣诞夜晚，然而一位美国水手使得作者和妻子度过了他们所经历过的最美好的圣诞夜。 【1题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：倒霉的五天里，一切都出了差错。 A. smoothly顺畅地；B. quickly迅速地；C. wrong错误地；D. well很好地。根据前文“For five wretched days”可知，作者和妻子在法国很不顺利，所以是一切都出了差错。故选C。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：平安夜，我们的心中没有过圣诞的心态。A. dinner晚餐；B. party聚会；C. tree树；D. spirit心态。根据前文“For five wretched (恶劣的) days everything had gone ____1____.”和后文“The miserable evening ____10____ being the very best Christmas Eve we had ever experienced just because of a young sailor who had Christmas spirit in his soul.”及最后“because of a young sailor who had Christmas spirit in his soul”可知，因为一切都不顺利，所以心中没有过圣诞的心态。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这家餐馆只有五张桌子有人坐。 A. occupied占据；B. wiped消除；C. cleared清除；D. left离开。根据后文“There were two German couples, two French families, and an American sailor”可知，餐馆只有五张桌子有人坐着，即，被占据了。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查介词（短语）辨析。句意：有两对德国夫妇、两个法国家庭和一名独自一人的美国水手。A. on在……上；B. by (oneself)独自地；C. for为了，对……而说；D. to朝……去。根据前文“Only five tables in the restaurant were ____3____.”可知，by oneself为介词短语，意思为：独自地，此处表示“独自一人的美国水手”。故选B。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我环顾四周，见其他顾客都沉默不语，只顾吃着。A. silence沉默；B. excitement激动；C. despair绝望；D. astonishment惊讶。根据下文“The only person who seemed happy was the American sailor, who was writing a letter, and a half-smile lighted his face.”可知，与美国水手相映衬，在餐馆用餐的其他顾客都沉默不语。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把那朵小花压平，放进一封已写好的信里，然后将一张20法郎面额的钞票递给了老妪。A. application申请；B. letter信；C. poem诗歌；D. resume简历。根据上文“The only person who seemed happy was the American sailor, who was writing a letter, and a half-smile lighted his face.”可知，美国水手把小花放进信里。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“不，夫人。”说着，水手俯身吻了吻老妪那张凹陷的脸颊。“这是我送给你的圣诞礼物。” A. rosy（面色）红润的；B. smooth光滑的；C. sunken凹陷的；D. flushed脸红的，兴奋的。根据上文“Then came an old flower woman.”及“Carrying her basket of flowers, she went from one table to another. But no one bought any.”可知，老妪一直在游走卖花，因此饱经风霜，脸是苍老的，因此也是凹陷的。故选C。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把另一朵花举在面前，向我们的桌子走来。A. Shaking摇晃；B. Moving移动；C. Holding抓住，拿着；D. Packing包装。根据下文“In one quick motion he gave my wife the flower, wished us a Merry Christmas, and departed.”可知，水手拿着另一朵花送给作者的妻子。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几秒钟后，圣诞节（气氛）像炸弹一样在整个餐厅爆炸了。A. caught抓住；B. touched接触，使感动；C. affected影响；D. exploded爆炸。根据下文“throughout the restaurant like a bomb.”可知，餐厅圣诞节的气氛立即活跃起来，所以像炸弹爆炸一样。故选D。 【10题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：不幸的夜晚最终成为我们所经历过的最美好的圣诞夜，就因为一个年轻的水手有着圣诞精神。A. turned up出现；B. ended up以……结束；C. set up创立；D. took up从事，占据。根据后文“just because of a young sailor who had Christmas spirit in his soul.”可知，因为年轻的水手的圣诞精神，让作者和妻子的不幸的夜晚最终成为他们经历过的最美好的圣诞夜。故选B。 第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When the girls on the school softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, Taylor watched her teammate Paris play. Suddenly, Paris ____11____(fall) to the ground with the eyes rolling back. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?” To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. ____12____ oxygen, the brain would be damaged quickly. Amazingly, Taylor ____13____(take) a CPR course the day before so she ran to Paris immediately and began doing CPR. Luckily, the girl was saved. 【答案】11. fell 12. Without 13. took##had taken 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了学校垒球队训练时，队员Paris突然晕倒， Taylor因学过心肺复苏术（CPR）及时施救，最终Paris获救的故事。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：突然，Paris倒在地上，眼睛向后翻。文章讲述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，fall的过去式为fell。故填fell。 【12题详解】 考查介词。句意：没有氧气，大脑会很快受损。根据前文提到做心肺复苏是为了让血液流动并将氧气输送到器官，这里强调没有氧气会导致的后果，所以用without表示“没有”，句首首字母大写。故填Without。 【13题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：令人惊讶的是，Taylor前一天参加了心肺复苏课程，所以她立刻跑向Paris并开始做心肺复苏。这里可以从两个角度理解时态。一是把Taylor参加课程看作一个事实，与文章整体时态，用一般过去时took；二是从“过去的过去”这个角度，因为Taylor在Paris晕倒（过去的动作）之前就已经参加了课程，强调“过去的过去”发生的动作，用过去完成时had taken。故填took/had taken。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Jiangsu City Super League also called the “Suchao” attracts thousands of players and fans every year. Many matches ____14____ (hold) on weekends, providing exciting entertainment for families and friends who gather to cheer for their favorite teams. Having grown rapidly in recent years, the league now includes over 100 teams ____15____ (compete) in various divisions. Broadcast online and covered by local media, the League helps discover talented players who may later join professional clubs. With its rapid ____16____ (grow), it has become an important part of Jiangsu's football culture. 【答案】14. are held 15. competing 16. growth 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了江苏城市超级联赛（“苏超”）的发展、赛事安排、影响及其在江苏足球文化中的重要地位。 【14题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：许多比赛在周末举行，为聚集在一起为自己喜爱球队加油的家人和朋友提供了激动人心的娱乐。根据前文“every year”以及“attracts”等词可知，此处描述的是经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时；主语Many matches与动词hold之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are held。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，该联赛迅速发展，现在已有超过100支球队在各个级别中竞争。空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词teams；动词compete与名词teams之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填competing。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着它的快速发展，它已经成为江苏足球文化的重要组成部分。根据空前形容词“rapid”可知，空处需用名词形式；grow的名词为“growth”，为不可数名词。故填growth。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It can be easy for teenagers to form bad habits in seeking independence. These bad habits, if ____17____ (leave) unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, ____18____, most experts believe, can possibly lead to physical and mental health problems. To change these bad habits is never easy. In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made by ____19____ (we). We make a choice to do something, and then repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change it, if we understand ___20___ habits work. 【答案】17. left 18. which 19. ourselves 20. how 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍青少年易养成不良习惯及改变习惯的可能性。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些不良习惯如果不加以控制，在他们成年后可能会导致更严重的习惯。此处为if引导的条件状语从句中的省略结构，bad habits与leave为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词，完整形式为“if they are left unchecked”。故填left。 【18题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：例如，有些人可能会染上吸烟或酗酒的恶习，大多数专家认为，这可能会导致身心健康问题。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为“tobacco or alcohol abuse”，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 【19题详解】 考查代词。句意：在很多方面，我们的生活方式是我们自己做出的选择的总和。此处为固定搭配“by oneself”，意为“独自、亲自”，主语是we，所以用反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。 【20题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是如何运作的，我们就能改变它。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句，作understand的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，表“习惯如何运作”，用连接词how。故填how。 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节 阅读理解(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Disinformation, which is false information spread on purpose, has become a cause of concern recently. In response to this rising global threat, the United Nations Information Centre (UNIC) Canberra and its partners will be organizing a two-day conference, DISINFO PACIFIC, on November 11 and 12, 2024. The conference will focus on strategies for preventing and reducing disinformation, as well as applying best practices to address this global challenge. It aims to provide a forum (论坛) for journalists, social media experts, educators, researchers, policy-makers and communications professionals, from within and outside the UN. Currently, we are in search of social media volunteers to provide online assistance for this conference. Requirements: · Outstanding oral and written communication skills · Professional graphic (绘图的) design experience · Prior involvement in designing document layouts · In-depth familiarity with graphic design apps · Working knowledge of the English language Note: A degree in graphic design or a related field is considered a plus. Responsibilities: · Developing a comprehensive social media release plan · Assisting in choosing the right types of media and updating conference information on a daily basis · Working together with our communications team to create social media activities according to agreed requirements · Developing a series of social media resources once the final concept is agreed upon, with a particular focus on a youth (university level) student audience Join us now as a social media volunteer and help build a future with less disinformation. You will also have the opportunity to build connections with the UNIC Canberra and its partners and learn about the ways in which social media communication can support the promotion of a conference centering on disinformation. Find out more at https://app.unv.org/opportunities. 21. According to the passage, volunteers should . A. hold a degree in graphic design B. be able to develop graphic design apps C. have a great communicative competence D. be as fluent in English as native speakers 22. If selected, volunteers will . A. release a UNIC work plan B. help design social media activities C. evaluate the final concept D. provide weekly media updates 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To promote a conference. B. To seek online volunteers. C. To highlight a global threat. D. To introduce an organization. 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了联合国信息中心堪培拉分部组织的DISINFO PACIFIC会议，招募社交媒体志愿者的要求和职责。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Requirements:部分“Outstanding oral and written communication skills(出色的口头和书面沟通技巧)”可知，志愿者应具备良好的沟通能力。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Responsibilities:部分“Working together with our communications team to create social media activities according to agreed requirements(与我们的通讯团队合作，根据商定的要求创建社交媒体活动)”可知，志愿者将会帮助设计社交媒体活动。故选B。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。结合全文及文章第三段“Currently, we are in search of social media volunteers to provide online assistance for this conference.(目前，我们正在寻找社交媒体志愿者，为此次会议提供在线支持)”可知，本篇文章的主要目的是为DISINFO PACIFIC会议招募在线志愿者。故选B。 B I’m walking around the house with a severe limp (跛行) and actively second-guessing every decision I’ve ever made. That can only mean one thing: I just ran my one race for the year. The 7-mile race is in my hometown in Illinois, and I’ve been doing it almost every year since I was a 12-year-old boy. I reached my peak about 15 years ago and have been performing poorly ever since. Why do I keep going if I no longer enjoy it and am getting worse every year? Tradition, mostly. Besides, I don’t dislike the whole race, just the running part. I like seeing all the running club members I’ve known since childhood, and I love the free beer afterward. Running is just a minor block on the way to the good stuff. That day, I was accompanied to the race by a group of three extremely in-shape people. We all live in the same Indianapolis suburb. These guys bike and run countless miles, often in the same day. One has done dozens of Spartan Races, which require the player to crawl through mud, flip tires and throw spears. Another is training for a triathlon (三项全能运动). In addition to being faster than me on foot, in the water and on wheels, he can also outlift me. I didn’t hold much hope for the race — no one puts less pressure on me than me. Between miles 4 and 5, I felt so good that I wondered why I only do this once a year. Then I hit mile 6, and my body warned me. I pushed myself until I had a mile left, at which point my legs decided they were done. Determination and a can-do attitude are no match for gravity and distance. Exhausted, I slowly made my way to the finishing line. Still, I can honestly say I gave everything I had. My slow, plodding (步履艰难的) finish was actually a victory that proves I gave it my all. I don’t need a huge cup to honor my heroic performance. My aching knee is enough of a souvenir. A day later, even as my entire body tells me I’m an idiot, I can’t help but feel that the race was a success. I’ve decided to keep doing this race as long as my legs can support me. 24. The author ran the race because ________. A. he wanted to keep the old custom B. he wanted to compete with friends C. he intended to build up his body D. he enjoyed long-distance running 25. Why did the author mention the in-shape people? A. To give his reason for low self-expectation. B. To show his envy of their athletic abilities. C. To emphasize his strong will to win the race. D. To express his confidence in finishing the race. 26. What do we know about the author during the race? A. He struggled from beginning to end. B. He broke his leg at the finishing line. C. He experienced pressure from himself. D. He pushed himself to the limits to make it. 【答案】24. A 25. A 26. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者自己坚持参加每年在家乡举办的7英里赛跑的经历，尽管跑步过程艰难且成绩不佳，但因传统、赛后社交及免费啤酒等因素，他依然视其为一种乐趣并决定继续参加。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Why do I keep going if I no longer enjoy it and am getting worse every year? Tradition, mostly.(如果我不再喜欢它，而且成绩一年比一年差，我为什么还要继续下去呢？主要是，传统。)”可知，作者参加比赛是因为他想保持旧习俗和传统。故选A。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“These guys bike and run countless miles, often in the same day. One has done dozens of Spartan Races, which require the player to crawl through mud, flip tires and throw spears. Another is training for a triathlon (三项全能运动). In addition to being faster than me on foot, in the water and on wheels, he can also outlift me.(这些人骑车和跑步的里程数不胜数，常常在同一天内完成。其中一人参加过几十场斯巴达勇士赛，这类比赛要求选手在泥地里爬行、翻轮胎、投掷长矛。另一人正在备战铁人三项（三项全能运动）。他不仅在跑步、游泳和骑行方面都比我快，就连力量也胜过我。)”可知，作者描述了这些人与他的不同之处，比如他们骑行和跑步的距离更长，参加过斯巴达比赛，训练铁人三项等，这些都表明他们比作者更有运动能力。因此，作者提到这些人是为了给自己的低期望找到合理的解释。故选A。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Then I hit mile 6, and my body warned me. I pushed myself until I had a mile left, at which point my legs decided they were done.(当我跑到6英里时，我的身体发出了警告。我逼着自己，直到我还剩一英里，这时我的腿觉得不行了。)”以及“Determination and a can-do attitude are no match for gravity and distance. Exhausted, I slowly made my way to the finishing line.(决心和“我能行”的态度战胜不了重力和距离。我筋疲力尽，慢慢地向终点线走去。)”可知，作者拼尽全力完成比赛，直到最后一英里腿已经无法再跑下去，因此可以得知作者在比赛中竭尽全力。故选D。 C For decades, scientists hypothesized that cognitively demanding tasks, such as writing or solving math problems, require more energy than easier tasks like scrolling short videos on the phone or looking out of the window. However, recent research proves the view wrong. Our brains perform massively complex and metabolically costly computations all day long. “Whether you’ re engaged in a cognitively demanding task at work, or you’ re staring off into space, your brain is using roughly the same amount of energy,” says neuroscientist Todd Braver of Washington University in St. Louis. In fact, what feels more challenging is when a task requires the brain to go against its usual habits. Cognitively demanding work often requires the coordination (协作) of many different brain regions in novel patterns, while silencing circuits that frequently fire together. Studies have found that pushing against our brain’s habits triggers an emotional response, making us feel uncomfortable. “It’s aversive, and it just feels bad,” says Michael Inzlicht, a psychologist from the University of Toronto. But he points out that emotional responses are subjective: They are interpretations of sensations in our bodies and brains. And we can influence how much we pay attention to these sensations and even how we interpret them. We often overestimate the struggle and pain required to complete cognitive tasks. This initial overestimation can lead us to procrastinate, or even avoid the task altogether. Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier. One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money. The options were displayed on a screen, and participants’ eye movements were tracked as they decided which puzzle to attempt. When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’ re more likely to choose to do hard things. Performing complex mental tasks will also be less painful if the exertion of mental effort is habitized. When we don’t have to make a decision to focus every day, we will save ourselves considering the costs or consequences. To make cognitively demanding tasks a habit, try to do them every day at the same time and in the same place. Add a ritual before the work starts, such as turning off the phone and launching an app to block distracting websites. After a few weeks, concentrating deeply won’t just feel easier; it will actually be easier. 27. People may feel certain cognitive task demanding because of ________. A. more brain energy consumption B. the complexity of computations C. the higher level of difficulty D. new coordination of brain parts 28. The author quotes the 2020 study mainly to ________ . A. support a solution B. present a case C. analyze the causes D. challenge an assumption 29. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Overestimation promotes efficiency. B. Personal perception determines motivation. C. Focusing on rewards enhances performance. D. Brain counteraction triggers positive emotions. 30. Which of the following can make mental work feel easier? A. Receiving continuous support when feeling down. B. Seeking professional help when meeting a deadline. C. Reading thick literary classics for twenty minutes daily. D. Breaking down a challenging project into smaller tasks. 【答案】27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于认知任务与大脑能量消耗、习惯及注意力之间的关系，以及如何通过改变习惯和提高注意力来更轻松地完成认知任务。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In fact, what feels more challenging is when a task requires the brain to go against its usual habits. Cognitively demanding work often requires the coordination (协作) of many different brain regions in novel patterns, while silencing circuits that frequently fire together. (事实上，当一项任务要求大脑违背其通常的习惯时，就会感觉更具挑战性。认知要求高的工作往往需要许多不同的大脑区域以新的模式进行协调，同时使经常一起兴奋的神经回路沉默。)”可知，人们可能会觉得某些认知任务要求很高，是因为这些任务需要大脑各部分之间新的协调。故选D项。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。第四段首“Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier. One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. (研究表明，如果我们能克服开始一项任务的最初障碍，那么思考就会变得更容易。做到这一点的一种方法是关注收益，而不是需要付出的努力。)”提出解决问题的方案，根据下文“In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money. The options were displayed on a screen, and participants’ eye movements were tracked as they decided which puzzle to attempt. When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’ re more likely to choose to do hard things. (在2020年发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究中，罗格斯大学的神经科学家安德鲁·韦斯特布鲁克和他的同事让参与者选择解决一个简单的记忆谜题来获得少量的钱，或者解决一个更难的谜题来获得更多的钱。这些选项显示在屏幕上，当参与者决定尝试哪个谜题时，他们的眼球运动被跟踪。当人们花更多时间观察挑战性谜题的奖励时，他们更有可能选择它。如果我们的大脑或注意力集中在一个选择的好处上，随着时间的推移，我们更有可能选择做困难的事情。)”可知，作者引用2020年的这一研究来说明段首提出的解决方案是可行，即关注好处可以促使我们选择去做困难的事情。故选A项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“We often overestimate the struggle and pain required to complete cognitive tasks. This initial overestimation can lead us to procrastinate, or even avoid the task altogether. (我们经常高估完成认知任务所需要经历的困难和痛苦。这种最初的高估会导致我们拖延，甚至完全避免这项任务。)”可推知，个人对认知任务的感知会影响其动力，即个人感知决定动力。故选B项。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Performing complex mental tasks will also be less painful if the exertion of mental effort is habitized. When we don’t have to make a decision to focus every day, we will save ourselves considering the costs or consequences. To make cognitively demanding tasks a habit, try to do them every day at the same time and in the same place. (如果精神努力的付出成为一种习惯，那么执行复杂的脑力任务也不会那么痛苦。当我们不必每天都做出专注的决定时，我们就会省去考虑成本或后果的麻烦。为了让认知要求高的任务成为一种习惯，试着每天在同一时间、同一地点做这些事情。)”可知，让精神工作感觉更容易的方法就是让其成为习惯。故选C项。 D “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic presumably shares. One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too. Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis (假说): that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 31. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Reformers tend to devalue researchers’ work. B. Scientists are unwilling to express kind criticisms. C. People hold wrong assumptions about the culture of science. D. The scientific community should practice critical self-reflection. 32. The strategy of “assuming you are wrong” may contribute to ______. A. the enormous efforts of scientists at work B. the reliability of potential research results C. the public’s passion for scientific findings D. the improvement in the quality of evidence 33. The underlined word “demoralizing” in Paragraph 5 means ______. A. discouraging B. ineffective C. unfair D. misleading 34. The tone the author uses in talking about the untested hypothesis is ______. A. doubtful but sincere B. disapproving but soft C. authoritative and direct D. reflective and humorous 【答案】31. D 32. B 33. A 34. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲心理学教授BrianNosek提出“假定自己是错的”这一建议用于追求更好的科学，文章围绕该建议展开，论述其背景、面临的挑战及担忧，作者虽对这一假说存疑，但喜欢该建议，希望借助科学社区和方法工具，共同减少错误。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的“But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.(但方法改革并非没有一些烦恼和摩擦。方法论改革家说了很多难听的话，也说了很多关于他们的坏话。很少有人喜欢自己毕生工作的价值受到质疑。另一方面，很少有人善于以善意和建设性的方式提出批评。所以，挑战的一部分是弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，这样它就会成为这个过程中受欢迎的、完整的一部分，而不是令人尴尬的杂耍)”可知，方法上的改革面临一些挑战，其中之一就是要弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，使其成为过程中受欢迎和整合的一部分，这说明科学社区应该实践批判性自我反思。故选D。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic presumably shares.(相反，从假设你是错开始，批评更容易被解释为如何减少错误的建设性建议——你的批评者可能也有同样的目标)”及第五段的“Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.(如果不了解科学是如何运作的，就很容易把不确定性或分歧当作反对科学的标志，而事实上，它们恰恰反映了科学的一些特征，正是这些特征使科学成为我们得出关于世界的可靠结论的最佳途径。科学是可靠的，因为它对证据作出反应：随着证据数量和质量的提高，我们的理论也可以而且应该改变) ”可知，“假定自己是错的”这种策略有助于科学家寻找更多的证据，提高了潜在研究结果的可靠性。故选B。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段的“One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science.(对这种方法的一个担忧是，它可能会使科学家……。努力少犯错误的动机可能不如承诺正确的动机有效。另一个担忧是，在科学领域行之有效的策略在与公众交流科学时可能会适得其反。如果不了解科学是如何运作的，就很容易把不确定性或分歧当作反对科学的标志)”可知，在科学领域，追求完全正确往往是一个理想化的目标，因为实现这个目标可能是困难的，甚至是不可能的。相比之下，追求变得“不那么错误”可能更为现实和可行。这种方法鼓励科学家不断学习和改进，接受在研究过程中会犯错的可能性，从而更好地理解和解决问题。虽然这种方法可能会减轻一些压力，但也可能会在一定程度上降低科学家的动机和信心，因为他们可能会觉得自己永远无法达到完美的正确性。因此，“假定自己是错的”这种策略可能会让科学家感到士气低落。故选A。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.(尽管存在这些担忧，但我喜欢诺塞克的建议，因为它建立了认知上的谦卑，以及我们可以做得更好的感觉。它还建立了一种社区意识——当我们做错事的时候，我们都在同一条船上)”及最后一段的“Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together.(不幸的是，这仍然给我们留下了一个未经检验的假设：假设一个人是错的可以改变社会规范，并最终支持更好的科学，甚至可能是更好的生活决策。我不知道这是不是真的。事实上，我应该假设这是错的。但是有了科学界和我们最好的方法论工具的帮助，我希望我们能一起减少错误)”可知，作者用幽默的语调一方面承认自己不确定这个假说是否正确，另一方面又对其抱有希望。由此推知，作者在谈论这个未经检验的假设时使用的语气是反思和幽默的。故选D。 第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Bad News for the Highly Intelligent There are advantages to being smart. People who do well on IQ tests tend to be more successful in the classroom and the workplace. They also tend to live longer, healthier lives, and are less likely to experience negative life events. ____35____ In a study, Ruth Karpinski and her colleagues carried out a study on the members of Mensa, a high IQ society. The study covered mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Respondents were asked to report whether they had ever suffered from each disorder. The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders. To explain their findings, Karpinski and his team bring up the hyper brain and hyper body theory. This theory holds that, for all of its advantages, being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiological “overexcitabilities”, or OE. ___36___This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people. A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to someone less intelligent. ___37___ The results of this study must be interpreted (诠释) cautiously. Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder. ___38___All the same, the findings set the stage for research that promises to cast new light on the link between intelligence and health. One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics. ___39___ In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors. From a practical standpoint, this research may lead to insights about how to improve people’s psychological and physical well-being. A. Now there’s some bad news for those smart people. B. There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case. C. It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse. D. Scientists did many researches to understand the reasons behind the advantages. E. That may cause the body’s stress response, which may make the person even more anxious. F. It’s also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ. G. They found that the differences between the respondents were seen for mood and anxiety disorders. 【答案】35. A 36. C 37. E 38. F 39. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了高智商也会经历负面事件，甚至更容易有精神障碍。 【35题详解】 根据上文“There are advantages to being smart.(聪明是有好处的)”与下文“The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders.(研究人员对比了那些报告失调的人与全国平均水平的比例，发现门萨的高智商成员更有可能患有一系列严重的失调)”形成正反对比，上文讲述积极意义对高智商者有利，而下文的消极影响对于高智商者则是坏消息。所以A 选项Now there’s some bad news for those smart people.(现在有些坏消息要告诉那些聪明人)符合上下语境。故选A。 【36题详解】 根据下文“This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person.(这可能包括任何事情，从惊人的声音到与他人发生冲突)”可知，本句应与an astonishing sound和conflict with another person有关。据此，C选项It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse.(这是对环境威胁或虐待的异常强烈的反应)分别与an astonishing sound、conflict with another person相一致。故选C。 【37题详解】 根据上文“A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to someone less intelligent.(一个高智商的人可能会过度分析老板不赞成的评论，想象出一些不那么聪明的人不会想到的负面结果)”和“This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person.(这可能包括任何事情，从惊人的声音到与他人发生冲突)”可知，太多的负面结果会使人焦虑，且高智商人可能会与老板发生矛盾，因此更容易焦虑。E选项That may cause the body’s stress response, which may make the person even more anxious.(这可能会引起身体的应激反应，从而使人更加焦虑)与文意相符。故选E。 【38题详解】 根据上文“Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder.(研究表明，智商高的人比普通人更容易患精神障碍，这并不能证明高智商是导致精神障碍的原因)”可知，高智商人更容易患精神障碍的原因可能不是高智商，而是其他原因。F选项It’s also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ.(也有可能加入门萨的人除了智商之外还有其他不同之处)符合文意。故选F。 【39题详解】 根据上文“One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy , which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics.(一种可能性是，智力和健康结果之间的关联反映了多效性，当一个基因影响看似不相关的基因时就会发生这种多效性特征)”和下文“In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors.(在罗莎琳德·阿登和她的同事们在2015年的一项研究中得出结论，智商与长寿之间的关联是不确定的主要是遗传因素造成的)”可知，上文讲的是一种结论，而后文则是一项实际研究的结果。B选项There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case.(已经有一些证据表明这是事实)符合上下语境。故选B。 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 We all love to criticize, but unfortunately, we also hate being criticized. We freely post and comment on others, but feel annoyed at the way others assess us, both online and in person. The world seems unlikely to change anytime soon. Fortunately, though, each of us can change how we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative. Criticism is defined as judgment of the merits (优点) and faults of something or someone in written or spoken form. Technically, criticism can include praise, but that isn’t what concerns us here. What annoys us is criticism of the negative variety, even when well-intentioned — so-called constructive criticism, which means to provide guidance so we can improve. Worst of all is destructive criticism, which aims to cause hurt or damage. The culture of criticism isn’t going away. The only way to flourish (繁荣) in it, and despite it, is to adopt new habits of getting and giving critical feedback. One rule is to assume that criticism, even when it seems personal, is not actually about you personally. When we receive criticism, we make it personal in two ways. First, we may naturally analyze the critic rather than the criticism. Second, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our natural abilities, rather than on our performance. Interestingly, even among young children, research shows that viewing criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth, lower positive mood, and less persistence at tasks. If taking criticism is particularly hard for you, you are not alone. However, taking criticism badly is more embarrassing, ultimately, than the criticism itself. If we do the work to learn to accept negative feedback, we will be much better off. 40. What will be the results of changing the way we give and take criticism? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What is the difference between constructive and destructive criticism? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their performance. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 43. What benefit(s) would you gain from learning to accept negative feedback? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. We will be less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback— even when it is negative. 41. Constructive criticism means to provide guidance so we can improve, while destructive criticism aims to cause hurt or damage. 42. Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their performance. They take criticism as a judgment on their abilities. 43. Learning to accept negative feedback can help us resist anger more easily and criticize more correctly. In addition, accepting negative feedback can help us put our shortcomings in perspective, correct our mistakes and improve ourselves. 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，说明了批评对我们的影响及我们应如何正确地对待批评。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Fortunately, though, each of us can change how we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback— even when it is negative.(幸运的是，我们每个人都可以改变我们给予和接受批评的方式，这将使我们不太可能伤害别人，更抵制愤怒，并能更好地从反馈中获益——即使是消极的反馈)”可知，改变我们给予和接受批评的方式会使我们不太可能伤害别人，更抵制愤怒，并能更好地从反馈中获益——即使是消极的反馈。故答案为We will be less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“What annoys us is criticism of the negative variety, even when well-intentioned — so-called constructive criticism, which means to provide guidance so we can improve. Worst of all is destructive criticism, which aims to cause hurt or damage.(让我们烦恼的是负面的批评，即使是善意的所谓建设性的批评，也意味着提供指导，让我们提高。最糟糕的是破坏性的批评，它的目的是造成伤害或破坏)”可知，建设性的批评是指提供指导，使我们能够改进，而破坏性的批评旨在造成伤害或损害。故答案为Constructive criticism means to provide guidance so we can improve, while destructive criticism aims to cause hurt or damage. 【42题详解】 考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段“Second, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our natural abilities, rather than on our performance. Interestingly, even among young children, research shows that viewing criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth, lower positive mood, and less persistence at tasks.(第二，我们倾向于认为批评是对我们天生能力判断，而不是对我们的表现的判断。有趣的是，研究表明，即使是在年幼的孩子中，将批评视为对一个人能力的判断，也会导致自我价值降低、积极情绪降低、任务坚持度降低)”可推知，接受批评的孩子自我价值较低，因为他们把批评当成对自己能力的评判，而不是表现得判断。故答案为Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their performance./They take criticism as a judgment on their abilities. 【43题详解】 开放性试题。根据文章最后一段“If we do the work to learn to accept negative feedback, we will be much better off.(如果我们努力学习接受负面反馈，我们就会变得更好)”可知，学习接受负面反馈能帮助我们更容易抵制愤怒，同时更正确地进行批评。此外，接受负面反馈还能帮助我们正确地看待自己的不足，纠正错误并提高自己。故答案为Learning to accept negative feedback can help us resist anger more easily and criticize more correctly. In addition, accepting negative feedback can help us put our shortcomings in perspective, correct our mistakes and improve ourselves. 第二节 大作文(共20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校上个月举办了九十周年校庆活动。英国交换生Jim听闻后，对此活动非常感兴趣，请你给Jim发邮件，内容包括： 1. 校庆活动介绍； 2. 你的感受。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Jim, I’m glad you’re interested in our school’s 90th anniversary celebration! Last month, we held a wonderful event with performances by students and alumni, an exhibition of old photos and school history, and even a tree-planting ceremony to mark the occasion. Many former teachers and graduates returned to campus, sharing touching stories about their time here. I felt really proud to be part of such a historic moment. Seeing how much our school has grown — and how deeply people care about it — gave me a strong sense of belonging. I wish you could have been there too! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国交换生Jim回复邮件，介绍学校九十周年校庆活动的相关情况，并分享自己的感受，满足Jim对该活动的兴趣需求。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 纪念：mark → commemorate 对……感兴趣：be interested in →be keen on 展览：exhibition→display 归属感：sense of belonging →sense of affiliation 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Seeing how much our school has grown — and how deeply people care about it — gave me a strong sense of belonging. 拓展句：What gave me a strong sense of belonging was seeing how much our school has grown and how deeply people care about it. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Many former teachers and graduates returned to campus, sharing touching stories about their time here.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 【高分句型2】Seeing how much our school has grown — and how deeply people care about it — gave me a strong sense of belonging.（运用了动名词短语作主语，以及how引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $