Unit 5 Working the Land主题语境读写 农业 专项练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

农　业 第一部分 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　Welcome to our online event—Future of Food and Agriculture! What we eat and how we grow it are changing. The need to feed a growing population, deal with hunger and obesity(肥胖), and avoid trashing the planet is driving the next food and agriculture revolution. New Scientist Live’s Future of Food and Agriculture is an online event for everyone who cares what is on their plate. Three stages of unbelievable talks: Hear about the future of food and agriculture from the world’s leading scientists on the Main Stage. Discover how farmers are protecting the environment, and why robots and genetics are changing the face of agriculture on the Field Stage. From lab-grown meat to sustainable diets, discover what’s coming to a plate near you on the Fork Stage. World well-known speakers: Neil Stephens, the researcher making lab-grown meat; Mark Lynas, the GM activist-turned-advocate; Tilly Collins, the entomologist(昆虫学者) making the case for adding eatable insects to our diets; Tim Spector, the microbe(微生物) expert overturning everything we know about diets, and the psychologist making food taste better by improving your senses. Booking information: This online event will run from 10:00 am to 17:00 pm on Saturday, 28 November. Access to the recording of the talks will be available to ticket holders for the 6 months following the live event. Tickets are only available in advance through Eventbrite. A ticket will cost an individual thirty dollars. But you’ll enjoy a 15% discount if you buy more than three tickets at a time. What’s more, to secure your place we recommend you book in advance on our website: www.newscientist.com. New Scientist reserves the right to change the event and its line-up, or cancel the event. In the unlikely event of cancellation, all tickets will be fully refunded. (　)1.How much do you have to pay for five tickets? A.104.5 dollars. B.127.5 dollars. C.150 dollars. D.172.5 dollars. (　)2.What can we know about the online event? A.It is quite competitive. B.It is intended for farmers. C.It will last for seven hours. D.It is most possibly cancelled. (　)3.What can we know about the speakers? A.Stephens produces artificial meat. B.Lynas is an outstanding expert in gene-editing. C.Collins raises many insects that can be eaten. D.Spector helps us know everything about diets. 语篇分析 词海拾珠 1.revolution n. 革命;变革;旋转→revolutionary adj. 革命的;创新的;突破性的 2.genetics n. 遗传学→　　　　 adj. 遗传的;基因的   3.sustainable adj.可持续的;合理利用的→sustain vt.维持;遭受;承受 4.overturn vt. 推翻;倾覆 5.individual n.个人 adj. 单独的;个人的 6.reserve v. 预订(座位等);贮备;拥有→　　　　　　　　 n. 预约,预订;保留意见   7.cancellation n. 取消;废除→　　　　 vt. 取消;撤销;废除   8.refund n. 退款,返还款,偿还金额 v.退还,退款,偿付 举一反三 一词多义 access 原句再现 Access to the recording of the talks will be available to ticket holders for the 6 months following the live event. 在现场直播结束后的6个月内,持票人士将可获得讲座的录音。 access n. 通道;入径;(使用或见到的)机会,权利 v. 进入;使用;获取,访问 猜测词义 (1)The newly-built highway provides easy access to the city centre. (　　　) (2)You have to enter a password to access the database. (　　　) (3)The system has been designed to give the user quick and easy access to the required information. (　　　) 句型透视 原句 What we eat and how we grow it are changing. 分析 本句是一个主从复合句。句中what和how都引导　　　　从句。   翻译 我们吃的东西和种植的方式正在发生变化。 仿写 我们将会遇到什么问题以及我们将如何解决它们还是未知的。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　are still unknown.   第二部分 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　Driving home from work, Will spotted a For Sale sign on the last remaining farm in the city of Milwaukee. An idea flashed through Will’s head. He could grow food here. Most people in the neighbourhood were not eating well. “Folks were living in what I call a food desert,” Will says. “I knew I had to do something, because you can’t have a healthy community without healthy food.” Will hired some neighbourhood teenagers to help him get started. They “grew” new soil by composting waste, which means collecting food waste and piling it up until it breaks down and turns into soil. Then they made good natural fertilizer (肥料) before starting growing food. Today, Growing Power Community Food Centre is growing enough food to feed people in the neighbourhood. In the winter, the compost gives off enough heat to keep the greenhouses warm as it breaks down into soil. Goats, chickens, and turkeys live behind the greenhouses. Red-eyed fish are swimming in aquariums (水族箱) at the centre of the greenhouses. The fish are for eating, but they also help the plants grow. The water they swim in, enriched by the fish droppings, is channeled towards the pots containing vegetables. Then it is cleaned by other plants, and returned to the fish tank as pure water. “We don’t waste anything here,” Will says. “The city farm of the future is a multi-storied building, angled towards the sun. This idea, called ‘vertical (垂直的) farming’, is a new approach to feeding more people. You grow fish on the bottom floor and pump the water up to the top. Then the water is piped down from floor to floor, through beds of growing plants, ranging from leafy greens up high to mushrooms lower down. By the time the water returns to the fish tank on the bottom floor, it’s clean again,” Will says. “Growing food is powerful and it can change the world!” (　)1.Why did Will decide to grow food in Milwaukee? A.To enable people to eat better. B.To make some profits by farming. C.To build a harmonious community. D.To transform the desert into a farm. (　)2.What do we know about Will’s food centre? A.It works like a forest and wastes nothing. B.It is a greenhouse and provides heat in winter. C.It is a city farm and employs chemical fertilizers. D.It collects conventional soil and uses animal waste. (　)3.Which of the following can best describe Will? A.Thoughtful and faithful. B.Adventurous and generous. C.Creative and ambitious. D.Humorous and far-sighted. (　)4.What is Will talking about in the last paragraph? A.The procedure of water cleaning. B.The influence of vertical farming. C.The vision for future city farming. D.The description of a future building. 语篇分析 词海拾珠 1.spot v. 看到,注意到 n. 地点;斑点 2.flash v.突然想到;使闪光;飞驰 n. 突发;闪光灯 3.give off 释放,发出(气体、热量、气味等) 4.approach n. 方式;接近,来临 v. 接近,临近;处理;接洽 5.conventional adj. 传统的;常规的 6.vision n. 视力;视野→　　　　 adj. 看得见的→visibility n. 能见度;关注度   举一反三 构词法:前缀multi- 原句再现 The city farm of the future is a multi-storied building, angled towards the sun. 未来的城市农场是一座多层建筑,朝向太阳。 前缀multi-表示“多样”或“多种”。multitask多任务处理, multimedia多媒体的 猜测词义 (1)Canada is a multicultural country where people from different cultures live together peacefully. (　　　　　　) (2)Many multinational companies, like Apple and Coca-Cola, operate in countries all over the world. (　　　　　　) (3)This room is multipurpose—it can be used as a classroom, a meeting room, or even a dining area. (　　　　　　) (4)Many people take multivitamin supplements to stay healthy. (　　　　　　) 句型透视 原句 The water they swim in, enriched by the fish droppings, is channeled towards the pots containing vegetables. 分析 本句是一个主从复合句。句中的主语是the water,谓语动词部分是is channeled。句中they swim in为　　　　　　修饰主语the water,其后enriched by…为过去分词作　　　　,也修饰the water,最后containing…为现在分词作　　　　。  翻译 它们游过的水,由于鱼的粪便而富含养分,被导向装有蔬菜的花盆。 仿写1 由J.K.罗琳写的书在青少年中很受欢迎。 The books 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　are quite popular among teenagers.  仿写2 摆在桌子上的那本书是我的,我强烈推荐给你。 The book 　　　　　　　　　　is mine and I strongly recommend it to you.  第三部分 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　A group of farmers in Nigeria is using a technology-based method to grow crops from small drops of water in the air. The method, known as aeroponics, does not involve soil. Instead, plant roots hang in the air. Aeroponics is not well-known in Nigeria, but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular. The technique could make a big difference in places like the city of Abeokuta. Violent conflicts and desertification—the process by which rich land becomes desert—have made huge amounts of land unsuitable for farming. Biochemist Samson Ogbole is popularly known as Nigeria’s smart farmer. He and his team are growing crops without soil at the technology-based farm they started three years ago in Abeokuta. “We are putting an end to seasonal food shortage in Nigeria,” said Ogbole. “Because we are the ones controlling everything that the plant requires—we are not depending on seasons. So it’s no longer seasonal farming. It is just farming anytime of the year, meaning you can plant anytime of the year. We can harvest anytime of the year,” said Ogbole. But setting up the aeroponic farm was not easy. It required more than $180,000. And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non-traditional method of farming. “It took a lot of effort to change people’s minds about aeroponics,” said Ogbole. In Nigeria, about 30 million hectares (公顷) of farmland is being used, instead of the 78.5 million hectares required for food security. Violent conflicts and desertification are the top reasons the farmland is being lost. And only 49 percent of the land is rich. Besides, most farmers do not have the technical knowledge to increase productivity. They are also in need of high-quality seeds to guarantee better harvests. For now, technologically skilled farmers like Samson Ogbole are offering a new way forward. (　)1.What is special about aeroponics? A.Crops are not grown in soil. B.Crops can grow all by themselves. C.Crops without roots can grow well. D.Crops can grow well without water. (　)2.What do we know about Abeokuta from the passage? A.There is plenty of rich land there. B.Some people there oppose aeroponics. C.Many farmers there are terribly violent. D.Most farmers there are technologically skilled ones. (　)3.What does the new method enable farmers to do? A.Reduce the costs of farming. B.Produce crops of higher quality. C.Grow crops whenever they like. D.Keep crops fresh for a longer period. (　)4.What is the passage mainly about? A.A new method of growing crops. B.Ways to turn deserts into rich land. C.Techniques for developing high-quality seeds. D.The importance of fighting against worldwide hunger. 语篇分析 词海拾珠 1.technology-based adj. 以科技为本的 2.make a difference 有意义;产生影响;很重要;有所作为 3.put an end to 结束 4.seasonal adj.季节性的;节令性的→ season n. 季节 5.non-traditional adj. 非传统的 6.productivity n. 生产率→　　　　 v. 生产→　　　　 n. 产品→　　　　　　　　 adj. 多产的;高产的   7.high-quality adj. 高品质的 8.guarantee v. 保证 举一反三 一词多义involve 原句再现 The method, known as aeroponics, does not involve soil. 这种被称为气雾栽培技术的方法不包括土壤。 involve v. 包含;需要;涉及;影响;使参与 猜测词义 (1)The job involves me travelling all over the country. (　　　　　　) (2)We want to involve as many people as possible in the celebrations. (　　　　　　) (3)Factory farming involves keeping farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of meat or eggs. (　　　　　　) (4)How many vehicles were involved in the crash? (　　　　　　) 句型透视 原句 It is just farming anytime of the year, meaning you can plant anytime of the year. 分析 本句是一个简单句。现在分词短语meaning you can plant anytime of the year作　　　　, 其中you can plant anytime of the year是　　　　从句,从句前省略了连词　　　　。  翻译 一年四季都可以耕种,意味着你可以随时种植。 仿写 夜晚的天空繁星点点,表明第二天天气会放晴。 The night sky is spotted with stars, 　 .  第四部分 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　In parts of Tanzania, soils are disappearing. A combination of climate change and socio-economic stresses has led to soil being washed away into nearby rivers and lakes. Recognising the threat, one community set up an environmental committee to allow strategic decision-making for soil restoration. They worked with researchers led by Will Blake at the University of Plymouth, who are experimenting with a portable gamma ray sensor that can quickly assess the health of the soil. The community identified areas where the soil was greatly depleted, and so excluded their cattle. With the pressure removed, the land re-greened quickly and the soil began to recover. Soil health is crucial to agriculture. Unfortunately, unsustainable practices like heavy fertiliser use and ploughing lead to weak soil that is washed away in heavy rain—reducing the land’s productivity in the long run. Further threats come from climate change, which is causing more frequent extreme weather events like droughts and heavy rain—leading to even more soil erosion (侵蚀). The solution is to understand the soil better, in particular, what makes it healthy and resilient (适应力强的), to develop more sustainable and climate-smart farming. New sensor technologies promise to revolutionise soil health monitoring. Traditionally, this is done by taking a small number of samples for lab analysis, which only gives a small quantity of data points. The newer approaches, such as gamma sensing, allow rapid surveying of fields and farms. Blake emphasises that the technology is only half the story. “Collecting quantitative evidence through a natural science lens isn’t enough,” he says. Soil data has to enable farmers to work out solutions and the sensor technology helps. The approach of scientists helicoptering in and offering solutions doesn’t work and it is partly because it ignores the extensive local environmental knowledge of the farmers. In Tanzania, researchers first assumed that soil erosion was caused by overgrazing (过度放牧). But when they spoke to local people, they realised the grazing decisions were actually a symptom of deeper problems, such as agropastoralists (农牧民) being pushed onto less suitable lands by population growth and other factors. The communities are aware of all these factors. (　)1.What does the underlined word “depleted” mean in Paragraph 2? A.Polluted. B.Reduced. C.Enriched. D.Changed. (　)2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A.The current agricultural issues. B.The significance of healthy soil. C.The challenges facing soil health. D.The harmful effects of soil erosion. (　)3.What is the disadvantage of the traditional soil health monitoring method? A.The sampling data are limited. B.The analysis is time-consuming. C.It affects fields and farms badly. D.It requires expensive lab equipment. (　)4.Why does the author mention overgrazing in the last paragraph? A.To introduce more serious problems. B.To stress its great harm to agriculture. C.To show the importance of local knowledge. D.To advocate using technology in agriculture. 语篇分析 词海拾珠 1.combination n. 结合(体);联合(体)→　　　　　　　 vt.& vi.(使)结合;混合  2.decision-making n. 决策 3.portable adj. 轻便的 4.assess v. 评价,评估→　　　　　　　　　　n. 评价;评定  5.be crucial to 对……至关重要 6.in the long run从长远来看 7.emphasise vt.强调→　　　　　　　　　　 n.强调  8.symptom n. 症状;征兆 举一反三 一词多义 point 原句再现 Traditionally, this is done by taking a small number of samples for lab analysis, which only gives a small quantity of data points. 传统上,这是通过取少量的样本进行实验室分析来实现的,这只给出了少量的数据点。 point n. 观点;要点;意义;点 v. 指(向);强调;指出 猜测词义 (1)The professor summarized the main points of the lecture at the end. (　　　) (2)The point of the story is to show how kindness can change someone’s life. (　　) (3)The speaker pointed out the importance of teamwork in achieving success. (　 ) (4)He pointed to the map to show us where the treasure was hidden. (　　　) (5)From my point of view, it’s the love contained in it that really counts. (　　　) 句型透视 原句 The approach of scientists helicoptering in and offering solutions doesn’t work and it is partly because it ignores the extensive local environmental knowledge of the farmers. 分析 本句是and连接的并列句,第一个分句是主谓结构,第二个分句中含有because引导的　 。  翻译 科学家们乘直升机过去并提供解决方案的方法是行不通的,部分原因是它忽略了农民广泛的当地环境知识。 仿写 无论我们有多忙,我们都经常欣赏月亮,一起享用月饼。这是因为月饼就像满月一样圆,代表着家庭团聚。 No matter how busy we are,it is typical of us to admire the full moon and enjoy mooncakes together. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,representing a family reunion.  第五部分 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　Today home food gardening is getting more and more popular. According to a survey conducted by retailer (零售商) Bonnie Plants, nearly two in five people under the age of 35 reported growing their own vegetables—many of whom were gardening for the first time. 1.　　　  As much as 40% of food in the United States is wasted—a terrible reality given that we must feed our ever-growing population. Food grown at home is less likely to go to waste. 2.　　　　 Plus, it tastes great!   Growing your own food also encourages you to eat more fruits and vegetables, reduces your pesticide intake, and engages you in a relationship with your food. 3.　　　　 This is because there are many foods you can grow for next to no investment. For example, you can grow green onions in a jar of water.   Now that home food gardening is so beneficial, why not get it started? You don’t need a piece of land to grow your own food. You can grow inside or outside. 4.　　　　 But no matter where you’re planting, make sure that it has access to enough sunlight. After selecting your garden location, you need to choose to grow plants that will work best for your kitchen garden.   5.　　　　 For example, don’t feed your plants with a little water all the time, but water them deeply and infrequently as it encourages their root growth. However, you still have to water up to twice daily if the top two inches of soil are dry. What’s more, do feed your plants with nutrients. Actually, all food gardens should receive light fertilization once a week.   A.Gardening can reduce stress and anxiety. B.Besides, home food gardening helps save money. C.This is closely related to benefits of growing your own food. D.Many plants, especially fruit trees, require six hours of full sun. E.Next, it’s important to take good care of the plants you’ve grown. F.After all, it can easily be picked fresh and consumed immediately. G.Even a well-lit window can grow vegetables in small containers. 语篇分析 词海拾珠 1.intake n. 吸收;摄取量 2.next to 几乎 (next to nothing 几乎没有);紧邻 3.now that 既然;由于 4.beneficial adj. 有利的,有益的→　　　　　　　　 n. 利益;好处 vt. 有益于;使受益   5.fertilization n. 施肥→　　　　　　　　 vt. 施肥于  6.consume v. 吃;喝;消耗;吞噬;充满(感情)→consumption n. 消费;消耗 举一反三 构词法:否定前缀in- 前缀in-常放在形容词、副词或名词前,表示否定意义。 原句再现 For example, don’t feed your plants with a little water all the time, but water them deeply and infrequently as it encourages their root growth. 例如,不要总是用少量的水浇植物,而是要深层浇水、少浇水,因为这样可以促进植物根部的生长。 猜测词义 (1)We apologize for any inconvenience caused by the late arrival of the train. (　　) (2)Rita realized that her seemingly insignificant task was actually a great opportunity to learn and explore the wonders of nature. (　　　) (3)Managers have at last got it into their heads that they can no longer accept inefficient operations. (　　　) (4)The decision was based on incomplete or inaccurate information. (　　　) (5)He did not want to expose his fears and insecurity to anyone. (　　 ) 句型透视 原句 As much as 40% of food in the United States is wasted—a terrible reality given that we must feed our ever-growing population. 分析 本句是一个主从复合句。句中given that引导原因状语从句, 意为“鉴于,考虑到……”; 也可引导条件状语从句,意为“如果, 假定……”;类似用法的词还有: assuming(that), supposing(that), providing/provided (that), considering(that)等。 翻译 在美国,多达40%的食物被浪费——鉴于我们必须养活不断增长的人口,这是一个可怕的现实。 仿写 鉴于您很忙,如果您能给我一些专业的建议,我将非常感激。   第六部分 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　17-year-old Lauren Schroeder was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community. Volunteering at a food shelter when she was 14, and 　1　 with helping fill boxes for households in need with 　2　 food, this Iowa teen felt something was 　3　 from the donated groceries: fresh vegetables. So she shared with her parents her 　4　 to start a garden on part of their family farm in Dixon, Iowa, to support local families in need.   Coming from a farming family, Lauren was 　5　 with agriculture. But the work wasn’t easy. This was one young 　6　, however! Lauren researched plants online, 　7　 which species needed more shade, and how much water was 　8　. During Iowa’s hot summers, she had to water her crops by hand for around 2—3 hours daily. Thanks to her 　9　, Lauren planted half an acre of land, with 15 varieties of vegetables in 2022, harvesting and 　10　 her first crops, with a first batch(批,组) of 18 kilograms.   In 2023, Lauren doubled the size of her garden to an acre. Discussing her 　11　, The Washington Post reveals that Lauren would like to grow another 5,897 kilograms of produce, thus 　12　 her veggie(蔬菜) total to 9,072 kilograms when it’s time for her to go to college.  Explaining her 　13　 to local media channel, KWQC, Lauren says: “I wanted to have something that would 　14　 people. Many people help you out, but it makes more difference when you help others out. That’s what makes me most 　15　.”   (　)1.A.compared B.associated C.tasked D.distributed (　)2.A.packaged B.demanded C.preserved D.recommended (　)3.A.resulting B.suffering C.originating D.missing (　)4.A.capacity B.desire C.strategy D.platform (　)5.A.content B.patient C.familiar D.strict (　)6.A.change-maker B.decision-maker C.care-taker D.risk-taker (　)7.A.tackling B.figuring C.assuming D.checking (　)8.A.consumed B.required C.generated D.recycled (　)9.A.intelligence B.ambition C.effort D.innovation (　)10.A.weighing B.conserving C.contributing D.calculating (　)11.A.measures B.difficulties C.devotion D.schedules (　)12.A.donating B.referring C.bringing D.attaching (　)13.A.motivation B.inspiration C.harvest D.emotion (　)14.A.encourage B.accompany C.satisfy D.impact (　)15.A.healthy B.unique C.delighted D.positive 词海拾珠 1.needy adj.贫穷的,缺乏生活必需品的 2.household n. 家庭;一家人;同住一幢房子的人 adj. 家喻户晓的,众人皆知的 3.grocery n.食品杂货店;pl. 食品杂货 4.varieties of 各种各样的 5.double v. (使)加倍 adj.两倍的,加倍的;双重的 6.reveal v. 显露;揭露;泄露 举一反三 1.名词动化 英语中很多表示物件、身体部位、某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词也可作动词。 原句再现 During Iowa’s hot summers, she had to water her crops by hand for around 2—3 hours daily. 在艾奥瓦州炎热的夏天,她不得不每天用手给庄稼浇水大约2到3个小时。 water v. 浇水 猜测词义 (1)In spring this area is carpeted with wild flowers. (　　　　　　) (2)Many important historical documents were destroyed when the library was bombed. (　　　　　　) (3)The large hall can seat a thousand people. (　　　　　　) (4)They found an injured cat and carefully nursed it back to health. (　　　　　　) (5)I suggest ironing your shirt before wearing it. (　　　　　　) 2.一词多义channel 原句再现 Explaining her motivation to local media channel, KWQC, Lauren says: “I wanted to have something that would impact people…” 劳伦在向当地媒体频道KWQC解释她的动机时说:“我想做一些能影响人们的事情……” channel n. 频道;电视台;航道;海峡;渠道;方法;途径 v. 引导;把……导入,将……引入 猜测词义 (1)Depending on whether you are communicating with a stranger, friend, family member or co-worker, you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation. (　　　　　　) (2)The English Channel serves as a natural boundary that separates the two countries. (　　　　　　) (3)Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. (　　　　　　) 句型透视 原句 Discussing her schedules, The Washington Post reveals that Lauren would like to grow another 5,897 kilograms of produce, thus bringing her veggie(蔬菜) total to 9,072 kilograms when it’s time for her to go to college. 分析 本句是一个主从复合句。句首的现在分词短语discussing her schedules作　　　　　　,that引导宾语从句作谓语动词reveals的宾语,其后的现在分词短语thus bringing her veggie(蔬菜) total to 9,072 kilograms作　　　　　　,其后的when引导　　　　　　从句。   翻译 在讨论她的工作计划时,《华盛顿邮报》透露,劳伦想再种5897公斤的农产品,这样到她上大学时,她的蔬菜总量就会达到9072公斤。 仿写 面对失败时,你不应该感到悲伤和失去信心。(非谓语动词)   第七部分 渐进写作微技能: 名词性从句的写作 1.主语从句,如: What I need to emphasize is that we need to regulate short-video shooting on campus. 我需要强调的是我们要对校园内拍摄短视频进行规范管理。 注意 (1)从句作主语时,主句的谓语一般用单数形式。有时受表语的影响用复数形式。如: How they managed to finish the project on time impresses the manager. 他们是如何按时完成项目的令经理印象深刻。 What we lack are practical solutions. 我们欠缺的是实用的解决办法。 (2)it作形式主语的常用句型 ①It+系动词+形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)+that… ②It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder/one’s desire等)+that… ③It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)+that… ④It+特殊动词(seems, appears, happens, matters)+that… ⑤It doesn’t matter who/whether/if… ⑥It+be+adj./n.(for/of sb)+to do sth. 2.表语从句,如: Through the activity, what I felt is that I am able to shoulder the responsibility, which will make me stronger and more determined. 通过这次活动,我觉得我能承担责任,这将使我更加强壮,更加坚定。 3.宾语从句,如: Through this activity, we know how hard the farmers are and how precious the food is. 通过这次活动,我们知道了农民有多辛苦,粮食是多么宝贵。 注意 it作形式宾语的常用句型: (1)动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume等后有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如: I think it necessary that we take proper quantities of boiled water every day. 我认为我们每天喝适量的白开水是必要的。 (2)有些动词(短语)接宾语从句时,需要在宾语从句前加it,这类动词(短语)主要有:hate, like, owe, have, appreciate, see to等。如: I would appreciate it if you could give me some practical advice. 如果你能给我一些实用的建议,我将不胜感激。 4.同位语从句 在主从复合句中,在句中作某一名词尤其是抽象名词的同位语,一般位于该名词之后,说明该名词的具体内容的从句叫同位语从句。能跟同位语从句的名词一般是fact,news,idea,truth, wish,promise,evidence, suggestion等抽象名词。如: Last week, we held the class meeting and our teacher informed us of the news that an activity themed “Glory of Labour” would be held. 上周,我们开了班会,我们老师通知了我们一个消息:我们要举行一次主题为“劳动光荣”的活动。 跟踪演练 根据句意完成下列句子 1. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is reading different categories of English books, ranging from biographies of celebrities, classics to popular science.(主语从句)   在学习英语中最让我们受益的是阅读不同类别的英语书籍,从名人传记、经典名著到科普读物。 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was unknown to Kevin. (主语从句)  对于Kevin来说这个人有没有说谎他是不知道的。 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 we human beings could not live without wildlife, because they play an important role in keeping the balance of nature. (it作形式主语)   众所周知,没有野生动物,我们人类无法生存,因为它们在保持自然平衡方面起着重要作用。 4.In addition to painting, we also got close to nature. That’s　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  除了画画之外,我们还接触了大自然。这就是我们为什么去户外上美术课的原因。 5.What they didn’t know was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　because she always helped those in need. 他们不知道的是她被许多穷人爱戴,因为她总是帮助那些需要帮助的人。   6.I tensed my shoulders and bit my lip, waiting for 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(宾语从句) 我绷紧肩膀,咬着嘴唇,等待着接下来发生的一切。   7.I was informed 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.   我被告知我在写作比赛中获得了第一名,两天后将举行颁奖典礼。 8.I would appreciate it 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.   如果你们能考虑我的申请,我将不胜感激。 9.  and gain deeper insight into Chinese culture. 毫无疑问,你们所有人都将受益匪浅,并对中国文化有更深的了解。 10.“You have no idea 　　　　　　　　　　　,” Andrew Sherman said excitedly. (同位语从句)   安德鲁·谢尔曼激动地说:“你不知道我见到你有多高兴。” 主题语境写作: 人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系 话题总述 “人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系” 是高中英语新课标主题语境内容要求之一,也是高考英语常考话题之一。本单元涉及的相关内容主要包括与农业相关的热点问题,如粮食问题、世界饥饿问题、耕作方式的选择、发展生态农业、进行农业扶贫和农业创新等内容。 词句复现 常见词块 1.参加一项农业实践活动   2. 铺平道路;创造条件;为……做准备   3.体验丰收的喜悦    4.提高农民的积极性    5.种植有机蔬菜    6.减少病虫害    7.消除饥饿    8.在塑造我们的生活中起到关键作用    常见表达 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and enhance the awareness of environmental protection, our school is going to hold a summer camp on our school’s farm. 为了让我们了解中国传统农业和增强环境保护意识,我们学校将在我们学校的农场举办夏令营。  2.The aim of this visit is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and a knowledge of the benefits of eating organic food.   这次参观是为了让我们实地体验如何践行有机农业和了解吃有机食品的好处。 3. The most exciting part is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.最令人激动的是我们将在农场提供的厨房里烹饪我们采摘的蔬菜。  4.Besides learning about the latest progress made in agriculture, you can also work as a farmer and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　on the farm.   除了了解农业方面取得的最新进展外,在农场你也可以当农民,想吃多少有机食品就吃多少。 5.Rural areas are a vast world, where you can put your abilities to good use and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  乡村地区是一片广阔的天地,在那里你可以好好利用你的能力,你将可以为新农村的建设做出更大的贡献。 主题范文背诵 假定你是李华,上周六,校学生会组织了一次参观雅琳生态园的活动。请你给校英文报写一篇报道,介绍此次活动。内容包括: 1.活动内容;2.活动感受。 注意: 1.词数80个左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 精彩美文 A visit to Yalin ecological garden Last Saturday,we paid a visit to Yalin ecological garden,which was an activity organized by the school Student Union. Upon arrival, we were greatly attracted by the garden where we admired various beautiful flowers and trees. Then, we went into the fields to pick fruit and vegetables. We also acquired a great deal of knowledge of modern agriculture from the gardeners. This activity benefited us a lot, from which we not only broadened our horizons but also raised our awareness of green life. 主题写作仿写 假定你是李华,你学校新增了一个“亲近绿色农场”的课外活动。请给你班的来自英国的交换生Peter 写一封电子邮件,邀请他参加。要点包括: 1.写信目的; 2.活动的意义; 3.期待回复。 注意:1.词数80个左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 参考范文 Dear Peter, I’m writing to invite you to participate in an extracurricular activity 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我们学校不久即将开始的).  It’s to work on a small farm 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(在那里学生们可以种植鲜花和蔬菜). When you work on it after class, 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(你不仅能体验到与大自然接触的乐趣) but also enjoy the rewards of your hard work in future. Besides, 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(有更多的机会跟中国学生交流), you can improve your oral Chinese and also make some good friends. I am planning to join in it, 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(希望我们能在农场上一起劳动).  If you want to know more details, 6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(请毫不犹豫联系我). I am looking forward to your reply.  Yours, Li Hua 答案 第一部分 文章大意： 本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了一个关于食物与农业的线上活动的具体内容及订票信息。 1.B　细节理解题。根据Booking information部分中“A ticket will cost an individual thirty dollars. But you’ll enjoy a 15% discount if you buy more than three tickets at a time.”可知,购买五张票,你必须支付(30×5-30×5×0.15=)127.5美元,故选B。 2.C　细节理解题。根据Booking information部分中“This online event will run from 10:00 am to 17:00 pm on Saturday, 28 November.”可知,这个线上活动持续七个小时。故选C。 3.A　细节理解题。根据World well-known speakers部分中“Neil Stephens, the researcher making lab-grown meat…”可知, Stephens是一位制作人造肉的研究人员。故选A。 语篇分析 1.future　2.available　3.is cancelled 词海拾珠 2.genetic　6.reservation　7.cancel 举一反三 猜测词义 (1)通道;入径　(2)访问　(3)(使用或见到的)机会 句型透视 分析 主语 仿写 What problems we will encounter;how we will solve them 第二部分 文章大意： 这是一篇记叙文。威尔在密尔沃基看到待售农场,决定种植食物改善社区饮食。他建立生态农场,并设想未来垂直农场,认为种植食物能改变世界。 1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Most people in the neighbourhood were not eating well.‘Folks were living in what I call a food desert,’ Will says. ‘I knew I had to do something, because you can’t have a healthy community without healthy food.’”可知,威尔所在社区的大多数人饮食不健康,他认为没有健康的食物就没有健康的社区,所以他决定种植食物是为了让人们吃得更好。故选A。 2.A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知,威尔的食物中心通过堆肥制造新土壤、利用鱼的粪便为植物提供养分、水循环利用等,由此可知这个食物中心的运作就像一个森林生态系统一样,并且没有任何浪费。故选A。 3.C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知,威尔看到城市里最后的农场,就想到种植食物来改善社区人们的饮食,这体现了他的创造力;根据文章最后一段可知,他不仅建立了食物中心,还对未来的城市农场有新的设想,并认为种植食物可以改变世界,这显示出他有雄心壮志。故选C。 4.C　段落大意题。根据文章最后一段可知,威尔描述了“垂直农业”这种新的种植方式,以及未来城市农场是一个多层建筑,朝向太阳,鱼在底层养殖,水通过植物层循环等,这是对未来城市农业的设想。故选C。 语篇分析 1.in the neighbourhood　2.healthy　3.teenagers　4.change the world 词海拾珠 6.visible 举一反三 猜测词义 (1)多元文化的　(2)跨国的,多国的　(3)多用途的　(4)多种维生素的 句型透视 分析 定语从句;定语;定语 仿写1 written by J.K.Rowling 仿写2 lying on the table Wednesday 文章大意： 本文是一篇新闻报道。尼日利亚的生物化学家Samson Ogbole和他的团队利用只需少量水又不需土壤就能耕作的气雾栽培技术,来解决耕地不足、食物短缺的问题。 1.A　细节理解题。由首段“The method, known as aeroponics, does not involve soil. Instead, plant roots hang in the air.”可知,气雾栽培技术顾名思义就是耕作不使用土,而是让植株直接接触空气。故选A。 2.B　细节理解题。由文章第四段“And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non-traditional method of farming.”可知,在阿贝奥库塔的一些人非常反对气雾栽培技术。故选B。 3.C　细节理解题。由第三段的“…we are not depending on seasons. So it’s no longer seasonal farming. It is just farming anytime of the year, meaning you can plant anytime of the year. We can harvest anytime of the year…”可知,气雾栽培技术的优势之一是农民可以随时种植作物。故选C。 4.A　主旨大意题。根据文章首段“A group of farmers in Nigeria is using a technology-based method to grow crops from small drops of water in the air.”并结合文章主要内容可知,文章主要介绍了一种新的耕作方法。故选A。 语篇分析 1.small drops of water　2.soil　3.smart farmer　4.money 5.farmland　6.High-quality seeds 词海拾珠 6.produce; product; productive 举一反三 猜测词义 (1)需要　(2)使加入　(3)包括　(4)涉及 句型透视 分析 状语;宾语;that 仿写 indicating (that) it would clear up the next day 第四部分 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了坦桑尼亚部分地区土壤消失的问题,介绍了其成因、影响以及为解决这一问题所采取的措施,强调了了解土壤健康、发展可持续农业的重要性。 1.B　词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“…and so excluded their cattle.With the pressure removed, the land re-greened quickly and the soil began to recover.”可知,因为土壤极大地“减少”了,所以他们不让牛进入这些地区,以便土壤恢复。故画线词depleted意为“减少”,与reduced意思一致。故选B。 2.C　段落大意题。根据第三段可知,本段主要讲述了土壤健康面临的挑战,包括不可持续的农业实践和气候变化导致的极端天气事件。故选C。 3.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Traditionally, this is done by taking a small number of samples for lab analysis, which only gives a small quantity of data points.”可知,传统土壤健康监测方法的缺点是采样数据有限。故选A。 4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,他们意识到放牧决策实际上是更深层次问题的症状,如农牧民因人口增长和其他因素被推到更不适合的土地上。由此可知,作者提到过度放牧是为了说明科学家忽略了农民广泛的当地环境知识,而当地农民对这些问题的认识更深刻,从而强调当地知识的重要性。故选C。 语篇分析 1.climate change　2.crucial　3.solutions 词海拾珠 1.combine　4.assessment　7.emphasis 举一反三 猜测词义 (1)要点　(2)意义　(3)指出　(4)指向　(5)观点 句型透视 分析 表语从句 仿写 It is because mooncakes are as round as the full moon 第五部分 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了家庭菜园的益处及相关种植、护理方法。 1.C　根据空前“Today home food gardening is getting more and more popular…nearly two in five people under the age of 35 reported growing their own vegetables—many of whom were gardening for the first time.”可知,家庭菜园越来越流行。选项C(这与自己种植食物的好处密切相关。)解释了其流行的原因。第二、三段列举了家庭菜园的益处。故选C。 2.F　根据空前“Food grown at home is less likely to go to waste.”可知,在家种植的食物不太可能被浪费。选项F(毕竟,它可以很容易地被新鲜采摘并立即食用。)解释了其原因,并与后句“Plus, it tastes great!”构成并列关系。故选F。 3.B　根据空后“This is because there are many foods you can grow for next to no investment.”可知,你可以种植很多几乎不用投资的食物。选项B(另外,家庭菜园有助于省钱。)与之构成因果关系。故选B。 4.G　根据设空处前文“You don’t need a piece of land to grow your own food.You can grow inside or outside.”和后句“But no matter where you’re planting, make sure that it has access to enough sunlight.”可知,此处在讨论种植的地点。选项G(甚至一个光线充足的窗户也能使蔬菜在小容器中生长。)符合题意,可承上启下。故选G。 5.E　设空处为本段主题句。根据后文可知,本段主要讨论如何照顾自己种植的植物。选项E(接下来,照顾好你种植的植物是很重要的。)符合题意。故选E。 语篇分析 1.popularity　2.fresh and tasty　3.save money　4.enough sunlight　5.work best 词海拾珠 4.benefit　5.fertilize 举一反三 猜测词义 (1)不便　(2)微不足道的,无足轻重的　(3)效率低的　(4)不全面的;不准确的　(5)不安全感 句型透视 仿写 Given that you are very busy, I’d be very appreciative if you could give me some professional advice. 第六部分 文章大意： 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了有爱心的17岁女孩劳伦·施罗德受到启发,为社区的贫困家庭带来健康的食物。 1.C　根据上文“Volunteering at a food shelter…” 和下文“…helping fill boxes for households in need with…food…”可判断,此处指派给(tasked)她任务。 2.A　根据上文“…helping fill boxes for households in need…”和下文donated groceries可判断此处指包装好的(packaged)食物。 3.D　根据下文的描述以及“…to support local families in need.”可判断此处指缺少(missing)新鲜蔬菜。 4.B　根据下文“…to start a garden on part of their family farm in Dixon, Iowa, to support local families in need.”可判断此处指她的愿望(desire)。 5.C　根据上文“Coming from a farming family…”可判断此处指她熟悉(familiar)农事。 6.A　根据下文“Thanks to her…Lauren planted half an acre of land, with 15 varieties of vegetables in 2022, harvesting and…her first crops, with a first batch(批,组) of 18 kilograms.”可判断此处指尽管有难处,但她取得了成功,故她是一位年轻的变革者(change-maker)。 7.D　根据上文“Lauren researched plants online…”可判断此处指她在网上做研究,查看(checking)种菜的技巧。 8.B　根据上文“…which species needed more shade…”可判断此处指需要(required)多少水。 9.C　根据上文“Lauren researched plants online…she had to water her crops by hand for around 2—3 hours daily.”可判断此处指她的努力(effort)。 10.A　根据下文“…with a first batch(批,组) of 18 kilograms.”可判断此处指称重(weighing)。 11.D　根据下文“…Lauren would like to grow another 5,897 kilograms of produce, thus…her veggie(蔬菜) total to 9,072 kilograms when it’s time for her to go to college.”可判断此处指她的工作计划(schedules)。 12.C　此处指使(bringing)她种出的菜的总量达到9072公斤。 13.A　根据下文“I wanted to have something that would…people.Many people help you out, but it makes more difference when you help others out.That’s what makes me most…”可判断此处指她的动机(motivation)。 14.D　根据上文内容和下文“Many people help you out, but it makes more difference when you help others out.”可判断此处指影响(impact)他人。 15.C　做自己喜欢做的事又帮助了他人当然是高兴(delighted)了。 举一反三 1.猜测词义 (1)覆盖,铺上　(2)轰炸　(3)容纳　(4)护理,照顾　(5)熨 2.猜测词义 (1)方法　(2)海峡　(3)将……引入 句型透视 分析 时间状语;结果状语;时间状语 仿写 Facing failure, you shouldn’t feel down and lose heart. 第七部分 渐进写作微技能: 名词性从句的写作 跟踪演练 1.What benefits us most in learning English 2.Whether the man lied or not 3.It’s known to all that 4.why we took art classes outdoors 5.that she was loved by many poor people 6.whatever was coming next 7.(that)I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days 8.if you could take my application into account 9.There is no doubt that all of you will benefit a lot 10.how happy I see you 主题语境写作: 人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系 词句复现 常见词块 1.participate in an agricultural practice activity 2.pave the way for 3.experience the joy of harvest 4.increase the enthusiasm of farmers 5.plant organic vegetables 6.reduce plant diseases and insect pests 7.get rid of hunger 8.play a critical role in shaping our lives 常见表达 1.In order to let us learn something about traditional Chinese agriculture 2.to give us a real experience of how to practise organic farming 3.that we will cook the vegetables we pick in the kitchen offered by the farm 4.eat as much organic food as you like 5.you’ll be able to make greater contributions to the building of new countryside 主题写作仿写 1.that will start soon in our school 2.where students can grow flowers and vegetables 3.you will not only experience the pleasure of staying close to nature 4.with more chances to communicate with Chinese students 5.hoping that we can work together on the farm 6.please don’t hesitate to get in touch with me 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $