范畴2 话题12 历史与社会-【一战成名新中考】2026河南中考英语（人教版）·一轮复习·话题读写思维训练优质PPT课件（讲册）

该初中英语中考复习课件聚焦“人与社会”主题下“历史与社会”核心考点，紧密对接课标子主题（社会变迁、历史人物等）及中考10年考情（10年3考，历史人物10年2考），通过教材单元链接、话题词汇句型系统归纳、语篇填空必考点（名词单复数、动词时态等5-6处变形）梳理，精准覆盖中考考查要求。 课件亮点在于“真题实战+技巧突破+素养融合”模式，如结合2025成都改编真题“Dashiban村发展”，示范语篇填空“分析词性-判断成分-词形转换”三步法，通过黄旭华事迹语篇培养文化意识，“一材多设”阅读理解题提升思维品质。助力学生掌握答题技巧，教师可依此高效规划复习，提升中考得分率。

英语 1 2 第一部分 话题读写精讲练 ★范畴二 人与社会 话题12 历史与社会 ［10年3考］ 3 【课标子主题】①家乡和社会的变迁, 历史的发展, 对未来的畅想; ②对世界、国家、人民和社会进步有突出贡献的人物; ③公共秩序与法律法规, 个人信息安全与国家安全意识; ④社会热点与国际事务 【常考角度】社会的发展与变迁、历史人物［10年2考］、公共秩序与法 律法规［2017阅读C］、社会热点 【教材单元链接】 人教 课标 八(上)U7 畅想未来 八(下)U10 Section B 家乡的情感 九(上)U1 T1 & T2 社会变迁与人口变化 九(下)U5 T2 & T3 历史名人 4 社会发展与变迁 1.hometown 家乡 2.countryside 乡村 3.system 体系 4.policy 政策 5.population 人口 6.transportation 交通 7.government 政府 8.out of work 失业 9.set up 建立 10.settle down 定居 11.public service 公共服务 12.job training 工作培训#6 5 13.used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 14.live a hard life 过着艰苦的生活 15.with the development of 随着……的发展 16.great changes have taken place 发生了巨大改变 17.make sth. a reality 使某事成为现实 18.work in big cities 在大城市工作 19.provide people with work 给人们提供就业机会 6 20.create more jobs 创造更多就业机会 21.living standard has improved 生活水平提高了 22.high and bright buildings 高大明亮的建筑#11 23.wide and clean streets 宽阔干净的街道 24.have great effects on 对……有很大影响 我来补充：_____________________________________________________ 7 畅想未来 1.in the future 在未来 2.more tall buildings 更多的高楼大厦 3.move to other planets 搬去其他星球 4.fly rockets to the moon 乘火箭去月球 5.travel to space 去太空旅行 6.work from home 居家办公 7.make the world a better place 让世界变得更美好 8.make achievements in 在……方面取得成就 9.succeed in doing sth./manage to do sth. 成功做成某事 我来补充：_____________________________________________________ 8 有突出贡献的人物 1.expert 专家 2.do research 做研究 3.be talented/gifted in 在……方面有天赋 4.the pioneer in the field of… ……领域的先驱 5.the discovery of scientific truths发现科学真理 6.solve the problem of… 解决……的问题 9 7.devote oneself to doing sth. 致力于做某事 8.make contributions to… 为……作出贡献#4 9.spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事 10.come up with new ideas 提出新的想法 我来补充：_____________________________________________________#6 10 公共秩序与法律法规 1.make laws 制定法律 2.public rules 公共规则 3.wait in line 排队等待 4.in order 秩序井然 5.follow/obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 6.break/against the rules 打破/违反规则 7.keep quiet in the library 在图书馆保持安静 8.have the right to do sth. 有权利做某事 9.be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 10.force sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事 我来补充：_____________________________________________________ 11 1.在过去的几年里, 我的家乡发生了巨大的改变。(take place) ________________________________________________________________ Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past years. 2.政府正在尽最大努力提高人民的生活水平。(living standard) ________________________________________________________________ The government is doing its best to improve people’s living standards. 3.我们应该向英雄们学习, 努力为我们的国家作出贡献。 (make contributions to) ________________________________________________________________ _________ We should learn from heroes and try to make contributions to our country. 12 4.未来越来越多来自贫困地区的孩子会得到良好的教育。(in the future) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________ More and more children from poor areas will get/receive a good education in the future. 5.过马路时遵守交通规则是很重要的。(obey the traffic rules) ____________________________________________________________ It’s important to obey the traffic rules when crossing the road. 13 ▶课标高频词句 1.devote one’s life to ________ 2.at that time ______ 3.because of _____________ 4.stay up (late) ______ 5.know nothing about ________________ 献身于 那时 由于, 因为 熬夜 对……一无所知 ▶佳句积累(翻译波浪线所在句) ____________________________________________ 他的故事告诉我们真正的伟大来自于无私奉献。 14 honor high and story difficulty about join final proud he Huang Xuhua, an outstanding Chinese scientist, left us on February 6th, 2025. Known as the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines(中国核潜艇 之父)”, he devoted his life to the development of advanced technology for 1. ____ country. Born in 1926, he 2. _______ a secret team in 1958 to design China’s first nuclear submarine. At that time, the task seemed almost impossible because of 3. ___________ like limited resources and foreign technology blockades(封锁). his joined difficulties 15 For many years, Huang worked tirelessly. He 4. _____ other scientists did a lot of research, often staying up late to solve problems. Their hard work 5. _______ succeeded in 1970 when China’s first nuclear submarine was launched(发射). This great achievement marked a historic moment for China’s defense capabilities(国防力量). Huang’s family knew nothing 6. _______ his work for nearly 30 years. Although he missed many family events, he felt 7. _______ to serve and finally about proud honor high and story difficulty about join final proud he his country. In 2020, he was 8. _________ with the Medal of the Republic, China’s 9. ________ honor for his extraordinary contributions(杰出贡献). Now, as we remember him, we understand that his life is a source of inspiration. His 10. ______ tells us that true greatness comes from selfless dedication(奉献).#1.4 highest story honor high and story difficulty about join final proud he honored 题型考法分析 语篇填空第一节为10选10方框选词, 每年涉及单词变形5~6个, 变形的 单词主要是名、动、形、副、代, 以词形变化为主, 词性转换仅涉及形变副、 名变形、动变形。必考点有：名词2道(单复数各1道)、动词2~3道(原形, 变 过去式、过去分词、现在分词、动名词、不定式、形容词; 2020年后每年 必考1道变过去分词)、形容词和副词2~3道(原形, 形变副、比较级、最高 级)、代词1道(2020年后都为主格变形容词性物主代词)、介词1道(2020年 后每年必考1道)、复合句引导词每年1道。 ▶该题型的具体讲练见《词汇分层练》“第三部分 语篇填空专项突破”。#1.1.2 18 解题技巧点拨 1.分析方框中备选词并标记词性和含义。 2.分析句子结构, 判断空处所缺单词的词性, 再结合上下文语境提示初步确 定符合语境的单词。 3.联系上下文及空格前后的关键词, 判断所填词是否需要变形。 【小题1】空处位于名词之前, 判断缺少 ______成分。结合语境及备选词 可知, ____符合语境。空处位于名词前,应填其 __________________。 【小题2】空处缺少 ______, 结合语境及备选词可知, _____符合语境。根据 时间状语可知, 应填动词 ________。 定语 he 形容词性物主代词 谓语 join 过去式 19 【小题3】空处位于介词之后, 判断缺少 ______, 结合语境及备选词可知, __________符合语境。根据空后举例可知, 应填名词 ______形式。 【小题4】空处缺少 ______连接两个主语, 结合语境及备选词可知, _____符 合语境。 【小题5】空处位于动词之前, 判断空处应填 ______。结合语境及备选词 可知, ______符合语境。修饰动词应填其 ______形式。 【小题6】空处缺少 ______, 结合语境及备选词可知, _______符合语境。 【小题7】空处位于 ________felt之后, 判断其作 ______。结合语境及备选 词可知, _______符合语境。 名词 difficulty 复数 连词 and 副词 final 副词 介词 about 系动词 表语 proud 【小题8】空处位于be动词was之后, 且与主语构成动宾关系, 为被动语态。 结合语境及备选词可知, honor符合语境, 且应填其 __________。 【小题9】空处位于名词honor之前, 判断空处应填 ________。结合语境及 备选词可知, ______符合语境, 且应填其 ________。 【小题10】空处位于形容词性物主代词之后, 判断空处应填 ______。结合 语境及备选词可知, ______符合语境。根据空后谓语动词tells可知, 应填名 词 ______形式。 4.复读全文, 确保答案正确。#2.4 过去分词 形容词 high 最高级 名词 story 单数 1.体裁：记叙文 2.What(主旨)：文章主要介绍了中国核潜艇之父——黄旭华。 3.Why(意图)：通过介绍黄旭华的生平和成就, 激励读者学习和传承他的 精神——奉献、坚持和对国家的忠诚。 #4 22 4. How(组织结构)：#4 Passage 1［2025成都改编］ 1.in order to ______ 2.change the situation __________ 3.make money ______ 4.give up ______ 5.dress oneself in __________ 6.main industry __________ 7.live in ______ 为了 改变处境 赚钱 放弃 穿着…… 主要产业 居住 24 and for popular visitor great start offer rule draw she Dashiban is a 600-year-old village in Xichang, Sichuan Province. It was a busy place on the Southern Silk Road and the Tea Horse Road. However, the village gradually declined(衰退). Many villagers left their hometown to search 1. ____ work elsewhere. In order to change the situation, Xichang 2. ________ a project in Dashiban in 2021. To keep the village’s historical charm(魅力), it followed the 3. _____ of “repairing the old as old”. The local government improved for started rule 25 tourism infrastructure(基础设施) to 4. ______ unforgettable experiences of local culture and traditions. The local government’s efforts changed the village’s appearance 5. ________, which has directly benefited homestay(民宿) business. Chen Xiaoyu has run a homestay for several years. She said she never expected that she could make so much money in 6. _____ hometown. The village’s change has also 7. _______ more and more villagers working outside back home to start businesses. Xiao Wenfang gave up her job in the big city offer greatly her drawn and for popular visitor great start offer rule draw she 8. _____ opened a restaurant with her father in the village after learning about its changes. Ethnic-themed travel photography has also become 9. _________ in the ethnic village, following homestays and restaurants. Many tourists come to dress themselves in traditional clothes. and popular and for popular visitor great start offer rule draw she Dashiban now has 232 homestays, 85 restaurants and 65 travel photography studios. Tourism has become the village’s main industry, creating jobs for over 1,000 villagers. It received 1.9 million 10. ________ last year. People from different cities even choose this small village to live in when they are free.#1.4 visitors and for popular visitor great start offer rule draw she 一、一材多设 1. What changes have taken place in Dashiban? a. More villagers went back home to start businesses. b. Ethnic-themed travel photography became popular. c. The village began to build new factories. d. Homestays and restaurants developed. A. a, b, c B. b, c, d C. a, c, d D. a, b, d √ 29 2. What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A. To advise people to pay a visit to Dashiban. B. To show how Dashiban developed through tourism. C. To compare the old and new villages in Xichang. D. To explain why villagers went back to their hometown. √ 30 二、佳句应用 1.现在很多年轻人放弃大城市的工作, 回到家乡建设。(give up) ________________________________________________________________ _________________________ Now many young people give up their jobs in big cities and return to build their hometowns. 2.我们在街上可以看到许多游客穿着汉服来体验中国传统文化。 (dress oneself in) ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ We can see many visitors dress themselves in hanfu on the street to experience traditional Chinese culture. 31 Passage 2［2025眉山改编］ 1.There is no doubt that… ______________ 2.take place ______ 3.It’s likely that _____________________ 4.come into ______ 5.begin to do sth. ____________ 6.right now ______ 7.go through ____________ 8.change one’s life ________________ 毫无疑问…… 发生 好像……, 似乎…… 进入 开始做某事 现在 经历; 经受 改变某人的生活 32 There is no doubt that the world will be a very different place in 2045. So what’s going to take place then? It’s pretty likely that robots and AI technology will change a lot of industries. Also, self-driving and flying cars will come into our daily life, bringing us much convenience. However, scientists have even bigger ideas. In a video series called Forward to the Future, three researchers predicted what they imagined would be reality in 2045. 33 Dr. Justin Sanchez believes we’ll be at a point where we can control things simply by using our mind. “Imagine a world where you could just use your thoughts to control your environment,” Justin said. According to him, experts are working on certain technologies that can make this happen. They’ve made some progress already. “The future has more than just that. Many other exciting things could change the buildings and other objects around us,” says Stefanie Tompkins. “We’ll be able to build things that are very strong but also lightweight(轻量型的). We don’t even know the materials around us,” she predicted. Pam Melroy believes we’re going to find that we have a very different relationship with the machines around us. “I think we’ll begin to see a time when we’re able to control a machine just by pressing a button(按钮) or only saying some simple words,” she said. For example, right now to land a plane safely, a pilot has to go through many steps in the right order. But in 2045, in Pam’s words, a pilot may just need to say the words “prepare for landing”. Then the computer knows the steps it needs to take. Or perhaps, with AI, a pilot won’t even be necessary. These are just a few of the many possible changes that 2045 might bring. It makes us wonder what other surprises the future holds. Will there be new forms of energy that change our lives?#6 1. What does the underlined word “this” refer to in Paragraph 3? A. Making progress in AI technology. B. Driving flying cars in our daily life. C. Controlling things by using our mind. D. Using robots in different industries. √ 37 2.Which of the following would be possible according to Stefanie? A. AI helps pilots to land planes. B. Computers operate all machines. C. Self-driving cars travel around us. D. Houses are strong but lightweight. 3.What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. The importance of buttons in controlling machines. B. The future relationship between humans and machines. C. Great ways for people to communicate with machines. D. How AI can make our lives become easier in 2045. √ √ 38 4.What is the best title for the text? A. Challenges for AI in the Future B. Experts’ Predictions of Life in 2045 C. Famous Scientists in New Technologies D. New Kinds of Building Materials 5. What will the writer probably talk about after the last paragraph? A. Many possible changes. B. New forms of energy. C. New wonders in 2045. D. Planes without pilots. √ √ 39 一、新考法加练 1. What is the structure of the text? A. B. C. D. √ 40 2. What’s the theme of the text? A. Technology in the future. B. Life in the future. C. Money in the future. D. Travelling in the future. √ 41 二、佳句应用 1.毫无疑问,高速列车使旅行更加方便。(There is no doubt that…) ________________________________________________________________ ____________ There is no doubt that high-speed trains make travel much more convenient. 2.中国的快速发展经历了诸多挑战, 但取得了巨大成功。(go through) ________________________________________________________________ ______________________ The rapid development of China went through many challenges but achieved great success. 42 Passage 3 1.bring out ____________ 2.food safety rules ______________ 3.make… easier to understand __________________ 4.without doubt __________ 5.promise to do sth. ____________ 6.care about _____________ 7.public health __________ 推出; 出台 食品安全准则 使……更容易理解 毫无疑问 承诺做某事 关注, 在意 公众健康 43 On March 27th, 2025, China’s health and market agencies(机构) brought out new food safety rules. The main goal is to help people choose healthier and safer foods. One big change is that words like “no added” or “zero added” will disappear from food package labels(标识). Companies used these words to sell their products, but they could trick consumers(消费者). For example, a “no added sugar” juice might still have a lot of natural fruit sugars. This makes consumers think it has no sugar at all. Also, some products changed one sweetener for another, making buyers misunderstand. The 44 new rules want to make labels easier to understand and more honest. Now, consumers are told to look carefully at the ingredient(成分) list instead of being fooled by nice-sounding marketing words. What’s more, common allergens(过敏原) like nuts, eggs, or milk must be clearly shown on labels, either in bold(黑体) letters or underlined. Another important change is the use of digital(数码的) labels. By just scanning the QR code(二维码) on the package, consumers can get a lot of information. They can find out where the ingredients come from, how to store the food, and even watch teaching videos. Food expiration(过期 dates will be made simpler, too. Instead of finding out how long a product can last from the production date, labels will now show the “use by” date directly. To stop food waste, some products may also have a “best before” date. Companies have two years to change their packaging and use up the old products. These rules not only protect consumers but also make producers focus on really improving the quality. Without doubt, they show China’s promise to be open in food production and care about public health.#4 1.Why will words like “no added” or “zero added” disappear from food package labels? A. These words make labels look ugly. B. These words are too difficult to understand. C. These words could trick consumers. D. These words are not allowed in any situation. √ 47 2. Which of the following is allowed on food packaging labels according to the text? a. QR codes linking to ingredient sources. b. Words like “no sugar” or “zero added”. c. Clear expiration dates labeled as “use by”. d. Allergens underlined or in bold letters. A. a, b, c B. b, c, d C. a, c, d D. a, b, d √ 48 3. What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A. The new food safety rules. B. The digital labels with QR codes. C. The food expiration dates. D. The companies selling products. √ 49 4.What can we infer(推断) about food companies in the future? A. They must reduce the use of natural fruit sugars. B. They can’t trick consumers with labels any more. C. They will no longer use any kind of sweeteners. D. They have two years to sell out their old products. √ 50 5.What is the best title for the text? A. New Technology in China’s Food Packaging B. Fighting Food Waste with Better Dates C. Clearer Allergen Warnings on Food Labels D. China’s New Food Labels for Safer Eating √ 51 新考法加练 1. How does the writer lead into the topic? A. By asking a question. B. By introducing a fact. C. By telling a story. D. By giving an example. 2. Who is the text written for? A. The restaurants. B. The hotels. C. The companies. D. The hospitals. √ √ 52 $