Unit3.Growing Up词汇讲解文本-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语Unit3单词复习讲义通过系统梳理79个核心词汇构建知识体系，按“音标-释义-课本原句-派生词拓展-用法辨析”逻辑呈现，用对比列表归纳近义词（如alone/lonely）、固定搭配（如deal with/do with），形成清晰的词汇网络，突出情感类词汇（emotion/anger）和短语动词（let down/pull together）等重难点。 讲义亮点在于“词汇-语境-运用”一体化设计，依托课本原句（如“Peter couldn’t control his anger”）强化语言能力，通过派生词链（emotion→emotional→emotionally）培养学习策略，对比辨析（shocked/shocking）提升思维品质。每个词汇配实用例句和易错提醒，基础生可掌握用法，优秀生能深入拓展，助力教师实施分层复习教学。

人教版（新版）八年级英语下学期 Unit3.Growing Up单词讲义 1.deal with/diːl wɪð/处理；对付 deal with problems处理问题 How do we deal with these old books？ *do with What should we do with these old books？ *deal (v.) / (n.)（交易）It's not a big deal. 2. emotion/ɪˈməʊʃn/情感；情绪 How do we deal with our emotions?(课本原句) She couldn’t hide her emotions when she heard the news. * emotional adj.情感的 *emotionally adv.情感上 3. upset /ʌpˈset/adj 难过的；沮丧的 be upset about为……难过 He was upset about the exam. * upset v.使难过 *upsetting adj.令人难过的 4. lonely/ˈləʊnli/ adj 孤独的；寂寞的 feel lonely感到孤独 She felt lonely living far from her family. *loneliness n.孤独 *alone adv adj.单独的； living alone（课本原句） leave sb alone让某人独处 He prefers to work alone. 5. shocked/ʃɒkt/ adj震惊的 be shocked at对……感到震惊 We were shocked by the sudden news. *shock v. & n.使震惊；震惊； *shocking (adj.)令人震惊的 6. alone/əˈləʊn/adv独自；单独（见4） 7. control/kənˈtrəʊl/控制v. & n. take control of控制 He lost control of his temper. *controllable adj.可控制的 *controller n.控制器 8. anger/ˈæŋɡə(r)/怒火n. Peter couldn’t control his anger.（课本原句） His voice shook with anger. * angry adj生气的； *angrily adv.生气地 9. advise/ədˈvaɪz/建议；劝告v. advise sb to do建议某人做 I advise you to study hard. Ella advised Peter to call Harry.（课本原句） advise doing sth *advice n.建议； *advisable adj.明智的 10. hurtful/ˈhɜːtfl/伤感情的adj. hurtful words伤人的话 Peter said hurtful things to Harry.(课本原句) Her comment was really hurtful. * hurt v. & adj.伤害；受伤的； *hurtfully adv.伤人地 11. in future/ɪn ˈfjuːtʃə(r)/今后；从今以后 in future / in the future将来 I‘ll be more careful in future.（课本原句） You should be more careful in future. 12.forgive/fəˈɡɪv/（forgave/forgiven）原谅；宽恕v. forgive sb for sth原谅某人某事 It’s hard to forgive someone who hurt you deeply. *forgiveness n.宽恕； *forgivable adj.可原谅的 13. fault/fɔːlt/过错；责任n. find fault with挑剔；挑毛病 be at fault有过错； It’s not my fault that the plan failed. *faulty adj.有毛病的；错误的 14.clear the air尽释前嫌 clear the air with sb和某人消除误会 They had a talk to clear the air. 15.present/ˈpreznt/n. 礼物； /prɪˈzent/v. 呈现；adj. 现在的 give sb a present给某人礼物； at present目前 present sth to sb向某人展示某物 He gave her a beautiful present. *presence n.存在；出席； 16.standard/ˈstændəd/标准；水平n.；标准的adj. meet the standard达到标准； standard of living生活水平 standard English标准英语 My parents have very high standards.（课本原句） The company sets high standards for its employees. *standardize v.使标准化； *standardization n.标准化 17.award/əˈwɔːd/奖；奖品n.；授予v. *win an award获奖； *award sb sth授予某人某物 * award for因……获奖 She gets better grades She won an award for her excellent performance. 18. get across解释清楚；传达 * get a message across传达信息 It’s important to get your ideas across clearly. 19.clearly/ˈklɪəli/清楚地adv. * speak clearly说得清楚；see clearly看得清楚 How about writing them a letter so that you can get your message across clearly？ He explained the rules clearly. * clear adj. & v.清楚的；清除 make it clear讲清楚 20.pressure/ˈpreʃə(r)/压力n. * under pressure在压力下 *put pressure on对……施压 I’m feeling a lot of pressure.（课本原句） He works well under pressure. * press v. & n.压；按；新闻 21.purpose/ˈpɜːpəs/目的；意图（n.） * for the purpose of为了……的目的； * on purpose故意 It doesn’t always mean that they did it on purpose.(课本原句) I think he did it on purpose. with the purpose of为了 She came here with the purpose of learning English. purposeful adj.有目的的； purposely adv.故意地 22.on purpose故意；有意地 23. reduce by half减少一半 * reduce the cost by half成本减半 We need to reduce the price by half. 24.apologize/əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/（英式apologise /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/） 道歉v. * apologize to sb向某人道歉； * apologize for sth为某事道歉 Although you apologize ，the other person might not want to talk to you.（课本原句） * make an apology道歉 You should apologize to him for being late. apology n.道歉 25. put oneself in sb’s shoes设身处地；处于某人的境地 put yourself in his shoes站在他的角度想 Before you judge him, try to put yourself in his shoes. You won’t understand why she got upset until you put yourself in her shoes.（课本原句） 26. shut/ʃʌt/关闭；合上；住嘴v. * shut the door关门；shut up住嘴 * shut down关闭；停工 Please shut the window before you leave. * shut adj.关闭的 shut过去式/过去分词 27. shut sb / sth away把……关（藏）起来；隔离 * shut the door away把门关起来 He shut himself away in his room. Next ，share your problems with someone you trust instead of shutting yourself away.（课本原句） 28.lastly/ˈlɑːstli/最后（adv.） * lastly, I want to say最后，我想说 * firstly, secondly, lastly首先，其次，最后 Lastly, we need to check all the details. * last adj. & adv.最后的；最后 29.plenty/ˈplenti/充足；丰富；大量pron. * plenty of + 可数/不可数名词 充足的…… plenty of time / money 充足的时间/钱 You should eat healthy food，get plenty of sleep ，and exercise.so that you can reduce stress.（课本原句） We have plenty of food for the party. * plentiful adj.充足的 30.plenty of充足；大量 31.feel blue感到忧郁的 * feel blue today今天感到忧郁 She’s been feeling blue since her dog died. 32.on top of the world欢天喜地 * feel on top of the world感到非常高兴 He was on top of the world after winning the race. 33. all smiles笑容满面 * be all smiles（满脸笑容） She was all smiles when she heard the good news. 34.low/ləʊ/沮丧的；低的adj. * feel low感到沮丧；low temperature低温 in low spirits情绪低落 He’s been feeling low since he lost his job. 35. in low spirits情绪低落；精神不振 * be in low spirits情绪低落 He’s been in low spirits since he lost his job. 36. ring/rɪŋ/发出铃声v. * ring the bell按铃；ring up打电话 * ring out响亮地发出 The phone rang while I was cooking. rang过去式；rung过去分词 37.enter/ˈentə(r)/进入v. * enter the room进入房间； * enter a competition参加比赛 * enter for报名参加 When the bell rang ,Matt entered the classroom with a heavy heart.(课本原句) He entered the building without permission. * entrance n.入口 38. dare/deə(r)/敢于v. & modal v. * dare to do敢于做；I dare say我敢说 He didn’t dare to look at Tom as he spoke.（课本原句） He doesn’t dare to speak in public. * daring adj.大胆的 39.everybody/ˈevribɒdi/每人；所有人pron. Everybody is welcome to the party. 40.let down使失望；辜负 * let sb. down使某人失望 I’m really sorry about letting everybody down. （课本原句） Don’t let your parents down. They believe in you. He promised to help me, but he let me down at last. 41. be hard on对…… 苛刻；对…… 过分严厉 * be hard on sb.对某人苛刻 / 严厉 Don’t be too hard on yourself !(课本原句) My math teacher is not hard on us. She always helps us patiently. Don’t be too hard on yourself. Everyone makes mistakes. 42. player /ˈpleɪə(r)/n. 运动员；选手；（游戏、乐器的）使用者 Although you pushed their player，it was just an accident .（课本原句） He is one of the best players in our school team. 43. referee /ˌrefəˈriː/n. （体育比赛的）裁判；仲裁人 *football referee足球裁判 * call the referee叫裁判 But Matt knew the referee didn’t share Tom’s opinion.（课本原句） The referee blew the whistle to end the game. *referee/ˌrefəˈriː/，担任裁判v He will referee the final match next week. 44. take back撤回；收回（话语、意见等）;拿回；取回（物品） *take back one’s words收回某人的话 *take back sth.取回某物 He couldn’t take it back . After realizing he was wrong, he took back his angry words. Can I take back my umbrella? I need it tomorrow. 45. decision /dɪˈsɪʒn/n. 决定；抉择 *make a decision做决定 *important decision重要的决定 *final decision最终决定 I guess we have to respect his decision.（课本原句） She made a decision to study abroad next year. decide/dɪˈsaɪd/，决定；判定 We decided to go to the park this weekend. decisive/dɪˈsaɪsɪv/，adj果断的；决定性的 He is a decisive leader. 46. kick oneself（因干了蠢事、错过机会等）自责；懊恼 *kick oneself for (doing) sth.（因 < 做了 > 某事而自责） He kicked himself for forgetting his best friend’s birthday. I could just kick myself !(课本原句) I kicked myself when I realized I could have won the game.意识到自己本可以赢比赛时，我懊恼极了。 47. look on the bright side从好的方面想；抱乐观态度 *look on the bright side (of sth.)从某事的好方面想 “Listen ，Matt，” said Tom ，“try to look on the bright side.（课本原句） You failed the exam, but look on the bright side—you can learn from your mistakes. My mom always tells me to look on the bright side when I’m sad.我难过时，妈妈总叫我抱乐观态度。 48. score /skɔː(r)/n. 得分；比分；分数v. 得分；获得（分数） *n high score高分；final score最终比分； *test score考试分数 v score a goal进球得分；score 100 points得 100 分 The other team is the best in our area，but out scores were really close.（课本原句） The score of the football match was 2-1. He scored three goals in yesterday’s game. 49. proud /praʊd/（形容词） adj. 骄傲的；自豪的；得意的 *be proud of为…… 感到自豪， She is proud of her son’s success. Don’t be too proud to ask for help. 别太骄傲而不愿求助。（贬义） n pride/praɪd/，自豪；骄傲 *take pride in We take pride in our school.我们为学校感到自豪。 = We are proud of our school. proudly/ˈpraʊdli/，自豪地；骄傲地 He held the trophy proudly.他自豪地捧着奖杯。 50.proud of为…… 感到骄傲；为…… 感到自豪 *be proud of sb./sth.为某人 / 某物感到自豪 My parents are proud of my progress in English. All students are proud of their school’s history. She takes pride in her painting skills. 51. coach /kəʊtʃ/ n. （体育队的）教练；（学科的）辅导老师 v. 训练；指导；辅导 *football coach足球教练；math coach数学辅导老师 coach sb. for sth.辅导某人准备某事； coach a team训练一支队伍 Our new basketball coach used to be a professional player. She coaches me for the English exam every weekend. 52.as well也；又 （多用于句末，无逗号隔开，与 “too” 用法相近，但 “too” 前可加逗号） I’m proud of us ，and I know our coach and everyone else in our school are as well (课本原句) I like playing basketball, and I like swimming as well. She can speak English, and she can speak French as well. *as well：句末，无逗号I want to go as well. too：句末，可加逗号I want to go, too. also：句中（be 动词后、实义动词前） I also want to go. 53. bit /bɪt/n. 有点儿；稍微；小块 *a bit有点儿， *a bit of + 不可数名词一点儿……， a bit of water “一点儿水”，a bit of time “一点儿时间” There’s a bit of milk left in the fridge. He ate a bit of cake for breakfast 54. a bit有点儿；稍微 （修饰形容词、副词或动词，相当于 “a little”） *a bit + 形容词 / 副词 = a little + 形容词 / 副词 有点儿……， a bit cold “有点儿冷”，a bit slowly “有点儿慢” Matt felt a bit better.（课本原句） This dress is a bit long for me. Can you shorten it? He ran a bit slower than usual because he was tired. *a bit + 动词 稍微……， wait a bit “等一会儿” It’s a bit cold today. You should wear a jacket. Could you speak a bit louder? I can’t hear you. Let’s rest a bit before we continue. *a bit of + 不可数名词 = a little + 不可数名词 （a bit of sugar = a little sugar） 否定式：not a bit（一点儿也不，= not at all）； not a little（非常，= very） I’m not a bit hungry.（我一点儿也不饿。）； I’m not a little hungry.（我非常饿。） She’s not a bit scared of dogs.她一点儿也不怕狗。；She’s not a little scared of dogs. 她非常怕狗。 55. repeat /rɪˈpiːt/：v. 重复；重说；重做 * repeat sth.重复某事 / 某物 * repeat after sb.跟着某人重复 It’s more important to learn from your mistakes so that you don’t repeat them in future.(课本原句) Could you repeat your question? I didn’t hear it clearly. The teacher asked us to repeat the new words five times. * repetition/ˌrepəˈtɪʃn/，重复；复述 Too much repetition makes the lesson boring. 56. pull together齐心协力；通力合作（强调为共同目标一起努力） * pull together (to do sth.)齐心协力做某事 If we pull together ，we should win next time.（课本原句） We need to pull together to finish this group project on time. The team pulled together and won the final game. work together合作 57. though /ðəʊ/ *conj. 虽然；尽管 引导让步状语从句，可与 “although” 互换，不与 “but” 同用 Though he is young, he knows a lot about history. *adv. 不过；然而 用于句末，用逗号隔开 The movie was long. It was interesting, though. 58. even though即使；虽然（引导让步状语从句，语气比 “though/although” 更强，表 “退一步假设”） Why did Tom feel proud of their team even though they lost?(课本原句) Even though he was sick, he still went to school. We walked on even though it was getting dark. *与 though 的区别： even though强调 “转折的让步”（如 “明知难仍做”），though仅表普通让步（如 “客观情况的转折”）。 59. solution /səˈluːʃn//səˈluːʃn/n. 解决办法；解决方案；（数学的）解法 *solution to sth.某事的解决办法， *work out a solution制定解决方案 Complete the problems and solutions.(课本原句) We need to find a solution to the traffic problem in our city. The teacher explained the solution to the math problem clearly. *solve/sɒlv/，解决；解答， *solve a problem “解决问题” He spent two hours solving the puzzle. 他花了两小时解这个谜题。 60. joyful /ˈdʒɔɪfl/adj. 高兴的；令人愉快的 *joyful face开心的表情 *joyful moment愉快的时刻 *joyful news令人高兴的消息 Everyone had a joyful smile at the party. The joyful music made us want to dance. joy/dʒɔɪ/，n喜悦；乐趣， the joy of reading “阅读的乐趣” Tears of joy ran down her face when she won the prize. 61. thankful /ˈθæŋkfl/adj. 感谢的；感激的 *thankful to sb.感谢某人， *thankful for sth.因某事感激， I’m thankful to my teacher for helping me with my English. We should be thankful for the things we have. grateful/ˈɡreɪtfl/，感激的，语气稍正式 62.negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 否定的；消极的；负面的（反义词：positive “积极的”） n. 否定词；负数 “no”“not” 是 negative，数学中 “-5” 是 negative *negative attitude消极态度； *negative news负面新闻； *negative answer否定回答 *a negative一个否定词 / 负数 Don’t have a negative view of yourself—you’re doing well.别对自己有消极看法，你做得很好。（adj.） “Never” is a negative word in English. “Never” 是英语中的否定词。（n.） 63.bully /ˈbʊli/ *v. 霸凌；恐吓；欺负（尤指以强凌弱） bully sb.欺负某人， *n. 恶霸；恃强凌弱者 school bully（校园恶霸） We should say no to bullying.（课本原句） If someone bullies you, tell your teacher or parents at once.（v.） The new student stood up to the bully and stopped his bad behavior.新生勇敢对抗恶霸，制止了他的恶劣行为。（n.） 64.shout at sb冲某人喊叫(多含 “生气、不耐烦” 的语气)， *shout at sb. (for sth.)（因某事冲某人喊） I’m sorry I shouted at you just now.I was just feeling stressed. (课本原句) Don’t shout at your little sister—she didn’t do anything wrong. His mom shouted at him for being late home. *与 shout to 的区别： *shout at带负面情绪， *shout to仅表 “大声喊以让对方听见” He shouted to me across the street. 65. from time to time不时；偶尔 I still see him from time to time. 66. behave /bɪˈheɪv/v. 表现；举止得体；行为端正 *behave well/badly表现好 / 差， *behave well in class “课堂上表现好” *behave oneself举止得体，用于提醒某人 “规矩点”， Behave yourself at the party! The children behaved very well during the trip. behavior（/bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/n，行为；举止 Her behavior at the meeting impressed everyone. 67. differently /ˈdɪfrəntli/adv. 不同地；有差异地 *think differently想法不同； *do sth. differently做某事的方式不同 People can behave differently under stress.（课本原句） Everyone thinks differently about this problem. She solved the problem differently from her classmates. *different/ˈdɪfrənt/，不同的 My hobby is different from yours. *difference/ˈdɪfrəns/，差异；不同， the difference between A and B “A 和 B 的不同” 68. physics /ˈfɪzɪks/n. 物理；物理学 I’m really worried about failing physics.（课本原句） I like physics because I want to know how machines work. Our physics test will be next Monday. *physical/ˈfɪzɪkl/，物理的；身体的， * physical exercise “体育锻炼” We have two physical classes every week. 69. awake /əˈweɪk/adj. 醒着的；未入睡的 *be awake醒着， *stay awake保持清醒， stay awake to finish homework “熬夜完成作业” I couldn’t get any sleep ，and I lay awake most of the night.（课本原句） She was still awake at 12 o’clock last night. Drinking coffee can help you stay awake, but it’s not good for health. wake v wake up “醒来” 70. normal /ˈnɔːml/adj. 正常的；普通的；常规的 反义词：abnormal “不正常的” *normal / temperature life正常生活/正常体温 Although it is normal to get mad at others from time to time，we should always try our best to control our anger instead of expressing it in bad ways.（课本原句） It’s normal to feel nervous before an exam. *n. 常态；正常水平 return to normal“恢复正常 back to normal恢复正常； above/below normal高于 / 低于正常水平 After the storm, everything went back to normal. 71. mad /mæd/adj. 发狂的；疯的；生气的 *mad at sb.生某人的气，= angry with sb. *go mad发疯；抓狂， *go mad with joy “高兴得发狂” My mom was mad at me for breaking the vase. He will go mad if he has to wait for another hour. 72. mean /miːn/ *adj. 刻薄的；吝啬的；不友好的mean words “刻薄的话” Don’t be mean to the new student.“别对新生刻薄。 When we are mad，we might shout at other people or say mean things to them.（课本原句） *v. 意思是；意味着；打算 What does this word mean? mean sth.意思是……； mean to do sth.打算做某事 I mean to visit my grandparents this weekend. *meanness/miːnnəs/n刻薄；吝啬 73. deep /diːp/ *adj. 深的；有…… 深的；深厚的 deep friendship 深厚的友谊 deep in sth.（深陷于…… *adv. 深深地；深入地 dig deep “深挖”， think deep “深入思考”，与 “deeply” 部分通用 breathe deep深呼吸，= breathe deeply The lake is about 10 meters deep. *与 deeply 的区别： deep侧重 “具体深度 / 动作”dig deep deeply侧重 “抽象程度”deeply moved “深受感动” 74. take a deep breath深呼吸 （多用于 “放松、平静情绪” 的场景） For example ，try taking a deep breath.（课本原句） Take a deep breath before you speak in front of the class. She took a deep breath to calm down after the argument. 75. pass away去世；逝世 （委婉、礼貌的表达，比 “die” 更正式、温和） 主语通常是人，无被动语态， You helped me a lot ，especially after my grandmother passed away.（课本原句） His grandfather passed away peacefully last year. We were sad to hear that the old man passed away. 76. anybody /ˈenibɒdi/pron. 任何人；无论谁 （用于否定句、疑问句或条件句，肯定句中常用 “anybody” 表 “任何人”，与 “anyone” 完全同义） I couldn’t talk about my feelings to anybody until you sat with me during lunch that day.（课本原句） Does anybody know the answer? I didn’t see anybody. = I saw nobody. Is there anybody in the classroom? You can ask anybody for help—they are all friendly. 77. remain /rɪˈmeɪn/v. 继续存在；保持不变；留下 （无被动语态，后接形容词、名词或介词短语） *remain + 形容词 *remain silent /calm保持沉默/冷静 That day will always remain in my mind .（课本原句） The problem remains unsolved. We need to think again. Most people left, but a few remained to clean the room. 78. not only ... but also ...不但…… 而且…… *连接两个并列成分，如主语、谓语、宾语、表语等 *连接主语时，谓语动词 “就近原则”（与 “but also” 后的主语保持一致） Thank you so much for being not only my teacher but also my friend.（课本原句） Not only he but also I like playing tennis. She can not only sing but also dance.（连接谓语） Not only is he clever, but also he works hard.(连接句子) *（“not only” 置于句首，后的句子需部分倒装, “but also” 后的句子不倒装） 79.Thompson  /ˈtɒmpsən/汤普森 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $