专题09 概要写作 （上海专用）2026年高考英语一模分类汇编

专题09 概要写作 编者按：2026年上海十六区高三一模收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2026年松江区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Mercury (汞)Threat in Ocean A newly-published study,led by researchers from Peking University with experts from the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, has found that ocean, with its continental shelf holding the largest amount of mercury,is now facing a rapidly increasing possibility of mercury release. According to the study,continental shelves are disturbed by human activities.Trawling,during which fishermen pull wide nets behind their ships for fish,is one to blame.When the fishing boats with large nets drag through the seabed,they boost the release rate of mercury buried for decades or centuries.The research also uncovered the similar negative impact of dredging,where people remove mud and unwanted materials from the shelf with special machines to deepen it or look for something. The above activities disturb over 5,000 tons of mercury annually,speeding up its release. Meanwhile, climate change is worsening the situation.The researchers have concluded from their observation that the increasing quantity of mercury release in recent decades from ocean is related to global warming, a tendency with various side effects.They explained that rising temperatures put the decomposition of organic matter in continental shelves on a faster track, promoting the amount of mercury release.Another study on waters,continental shelf being a part, has shown that for every 10℃ increase in temperature,the breakdown rate of sediments(沉积物) almost doubles. Therefore, it is suggested that policies be made on banning or at least reducing inappropriate ocean resource development based on scientific assessment and international cooperation. And a clear goal for a slower global warming pace,supported by reliable scientific research,should be set and then translated into an actionable strategy and achieved worldwide.If these measures are adopted, this last line of mercury defense will probably be safeguarded. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 01: A study finds oceans face growing mercury release risk as human activities like trawling, and dredging, disturb continental shelves. Climate change accelerates it via faster organic matter decomposition. Policies limiting harmful exploitation and global warming-slowing cooperation are suggested. 02: Human activities like trawling and dredging disturb mercury stored in continental shelves, accelerating its release into the ocean. Climate change further worsens the situation by speeding up organic matter decomposition, which increases mercury release. The study suggests policies to limit harmful ocean exploitation and global cooperation to slow warming, helping protect this final defense against mercury pollution. 导语 本文是一篇说明文，基于多国研究者的新研究，阐述了海洋面临汞释放风险加剧的两大原因 —— 人类活动干扰和气候变化，同时提出了对应的政策与国际合作建议。 详细解析 1. 要点摘录 · A Sino-foreign joint study finds oceans (continental shelves hold most mercury) face rapidly increasing mercury release possibility. · Human activities: Trawling and dredging disturb seabeds, speeding up the release of buried mercury (over 5,000 tons annually). · Climate change: Global warming accelerates organic matter decomposition in continental shelves, doubling sediment breakdown rate per 10℃ rise. · Suggestions: Make policies to limit inappropriate ocean development; set global goals to slow warming via international cooperation. 2. 写作思路 1. 先总述研究核心结论：海洋汞释放风险上升。 1. 再分述两大驱动因素：人类活动（明确具体行为）和气候变化（说明作用机制）。 1. 最后提炼核心建议：政策限制与全球合作，简洁呼应原文解决方案。 3. 亮点词汇 1. Continental shelves：大陆架（原文核心地理概念，精准保留） 1. Trawling/dredging：拖网捕捞 / 疏浚作业（专业术语，准确指代人类活动） 1. Mercury release：汞释放（全文核心动作，贯穿逻辑主线） 1. Organic matter decomposition：有机物分解（精准概括气候变化的作用路径） 4. 高分句式 1. 括号补充说明：(trawling, dredging)（简洁列出具体活动，避免句子冗长） 1. 介词短语作方式状语：via faster organic matter decomposition（清晰说明气候变化的作用方式，逻辑连贯） 1. 被动与主动结合：Policies limiting harmful exploitation are suggested（用被动语态客观呈现建议，符合说明文语气） （二） （2026年黄浦区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Fawning Do you ever feel,without any proof,that everyone hates you?If your answer is yes,you are not alone.It can occur after a neighbor doesn't say hello.It's hearing that the boss wants to chat with you and immediately assuming you're going to be fired. The strategy used to keep the painful feeling away is fawning,an extreme form of people pleasing.While fawning can help protect you sometimes,you may get trapped:your urge to scan for threats and read others' feelings goes into overdrive,making you see danger even when you're safe. Then,how to stop the urge to fawn? Firstly,you can challenge your insight that someone is mad at you by asking some questions.For example, when a friend doesn't text you back,you sometimes think,"Oh my gosh,is it something I said?” Then you remind yourself of the many times that you've received a text that later said,"Sorry,I was in a meeting."So, it's helpful to pause and remind yourself that your anxious mind has lied to you in the past. Also, check fawning behavior by starting small.For example,if your friend says,"I’m not mad at you," after you apologize for canceling plans,take her word for it instead of replaying the conversation in your head. Get comfortable with the discomfort of taking what people say at face value without second-guessing what else they could secretly be feeling. Lastly,make honest communication your goal.If you are not interested in a film, be honest instead of making up an excuse so that the person won't be upset with you.This practice might be uncomfortable in the short term but saves you so much energy in the long-term,and it strengthens the relationships you really value. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 01: Fawning, an extreme people-pleasing from fear of rejection, brings temporary relief but traps people in anxiety. To overcome it, one should question irrational fears, accept others’ words literally, and prioritize honest communication. 02: Fawning is an extreme form of people-pleasing that arises from fear of rejection or conflict. While it may offer temporary relief, it traps individuals in a cycle of anxiety and misinterpretation. To overcome fawning, one should question irrational fears, practice accepting others’ words at face value, and prioritize honest communication to build healthier relationships. 导语 本文是一篇说明文，定义了 “讨好型人格（fawning）” 的本质与潜在危害，同时从质疑恐惧、接纳字面意思、诚实沟通三个维度给出了克服该行为的具体方法。 详细解析 要点摘录 · Fawning is an extreme form of people-pleasing, used to avoid painful feelings of being hated/rejected. · Harm: It traps people in overthinking threats, leading to anxiety and misinterpretation even in safe situations. · Solutions: ① Question irrational assumptions (e.g., friend not texting back); ② Accept others’ words at face value; ③ Prioritize honest communication (e.g., refusing unwanted plans directly). 写作思路 1. 先定义核心概念：讨好型人格的本质与成因。 1. 再点明其双面性：暂时缓解痛苦但引发焦虑。 1. 最后浓缩三大解决方案，省略具体例子，保留核心动作。 亮点词汇 1. Fawning：讨好型人格（原文核心术语，直接采用） 1. People-pleasing：讨好行为（对应原文定义，简洁通俗） 1. Irrational fears：非理性恐惧（精准概括讨好行为的心理根源） 1. Prioritize honest communication：优先诚实沟通（提炼解决方案核心，动作明确） 高分句式 1. 同位语结构：Fawning, an extreme people-pleasing from fear of rejection（用同位语快速定义概念，结构紧凑） 1. 转折并列句：brings temporary relief but traps people in anxiety（用 “but” 清晰呈现利弊对比，逻辑鲜明） 1. 不定式表目的：To overcome it, one should...（明确引出解决方案，符合概要写作的 “问题 - 对策” 逻辑框架） （三） （2026年虹口区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  The Pressure on Parents to Train Their Babies' Brains Relax, but be on constant alert. Follow your instincts, but do exactly what the scientists say Amid such a flood of "expert" advice, is it any wonder that the experience of modern parenting can often feel exhausting? Thankfully, researchers are questioning this stress-generating situation. It all begins with the idea of “intensive parenting”, coined in the 1990s,describing a parenting standard that parents need to be sharply sensitive to their children's cognitive, psychological and emotional needs to shape their babies' brains. Unfortunately, it turns many of parenting's pleasures-such as smiling along with your baby—into critically important work which, if not performed adequately, puts that child's future health and happiness in danger. However, the evidence used to explain how baby brain develops is often flawed—whether it is a result of small samples that are more likely to turn up weird results or studying children who have experienced extreme neglect and then inferring more general lessons from this. Worse still, such research takes a short path to becoming public policy. Take A vision for the 1,001 critical days, a UK government report published in 2021, which states that the infant brain “becomes hardwired by the baby's earliest experiences”. Similar narratives have been adopted by various organizations that frame parents' interactions with their baby as a crucial window for shaping that child's future. Of course, there is a place for science in understanding child development and parenting. Rather than analyzing the parent-child relationship, think how babies and children really learn. They do so from everyone, not just their parents, and are doing it all the time—through watching, listening and playing. Rather than attempt to shape infants into a particular type of person, parents just need to provide a safe and stable environment in which they can develop. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 Modern parenting is stressed by "intensive parenting" based on flawed baby brain development research, which even influences public policy. Actually, science should focus on children’s real learning; parents just need to offer a safe and stable environment. 导语 本文是一篇议论文，围绕现代父母面临的 “高强度育儿” 压力展开，指出该育儿标准的理论依据存在缺陷且过度影响公共政策，进而提出科学育儿的核心是为孩子提供安全稳定的成长环境。 详细解析 1. 要点摘录 · Modern parenting is exhausting due to conflicting "expert" advice, with "intensive parenting" requiring parents to meet children’s multiple needs to shape their brains. · Evidence for baby brain development is flawed (small samples, extreme cases). · Such research easily becomes public policy (e.g., UK government report). · Science should focus on children’s real learning (from everyone, through daily interactions), and parents only need to provide a safe and stable environment. 2. 写作思路 1. 先概括核心问题：现代父母因 “高强度育儿” 承受压力，而该育儿方式的理论基础有缺陷。 1. 再补充关键细节：这类有缺陷的研究还影响了公共政策。 1. 最后提炼核心观点：科学应关注孩子真实的学习方式，父母的核心责任是提供安全稳定的环境。 3. 亮点词汇 1. Intensive parenting：高强度育儿（核心术语，准确提炼原文关键词） 1. Flawed：有缺陷的（精准概括原文对研究的批判态度） 1. Shape their brains：塑造大脑（保留原文核心动作，简洁有力） 1. Safe and stable environment：安全稳定的环境（原文关键信息，直接呼应建议内容） 4. 高分句式 1. 被动语态：Modern parenting is stressed by...（客观陈述现象，符合议论文概要的中立语气） 1. 定语从句："intensive parenting" based on flawed baby brain development research（简洁衔接核心概念与限定条件，避免冗余） （四） （2026年静安区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Should you build a capsule wardrobe (胶囊衣柜)? Do you ever struggle with choosing your outfit in the morning? If you have a full wardrobe yet still feel you don't have anything to wear, you might want to build yourself a capsule wardrobe! So, what is this? Put simply, a capsule wardrobe is a small selection of items of clothing that go well with each other, and are therefore interchangeable. Key to the capsule wardrobe is solid basics, like plain tops, and, ideally, neutral colors, because they make combinations easier. Consider the flexibility of a basic pair of jeans. They can be paired with sneakers and a T-shirt for a relaxed style or a jacket paired with high heels, if you want to look more sophisticated. Fashion bloggers also talk about timeless classics-picture a luxury black handbag that will suit any occasion and won't go out of style. But why might it be beneficial to build a capsule wardrobe? Well, by limiting your choices, it can become much easier to choose what to wear, but there is another advantage too-it can reduce the amount of fast fashion. Fast fashion refers to clothes which are trendy for just a short time, so they are quickly replaced by newer trends. This results in cheap and poor-quality clothing which has huge environmental costs as waste goes to landfill, resulting in an increase in pollution. According to UK clothes waste charity TRAID, the average garment is worn just 10 times before long disposed of. So, having a capsule wardrobe with long-lasting and high-quality clothes should help reduce this, even if it means paying more in the first place. Building an excellent capsule wardrobe takes time and patience. But if you want to reduce waste and have some extra time in the morning, it might be time to start building! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 A capsule wardrobe includes interchangeable basic pieces and timeless classics in neutral colors, simplifying daily outfit choices. It cuts down fast fashion waste as its high-quality items are durable, though building it requires patience and may cost more more initially. 导语 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了胶囊衣柜的定义（由百搭基础款、经典款组成，颜色中性），阐述了其便于搭配、减少快时尚浪费的优势，同时提及打造胶囊衣柜需耗时且初期成本可能较高的特点。 详细解析 1. 要点摘录 · A capsule wardrobe is a small set of interchangeable clothes, focusing on solid basics and neutral colors, plus timeless classics. · Benefit 1: Makes choosing outfits easier by limiting choices. · Benefit 2: Reduces fast fashion (cheap, low-quality, environmentally harmful) as its clothes are long-lasting and high-quality. · Building it requires time and patience, and may cost more at first. 2. 写作思路 1. 先定义胶囊衣柜的核心特征：百搭、基础款 + 经典款、中性色。 1. 再分述核心优势：便于搭配、减少快时尚浪费。 1. 最后补充注意事项：耗时、初期成本较高。 3. 亮点词汇 1. Capsule wardrobe：胶囊衣柜（核心术语，准确对应原文） 1. Interchangeable：可互换的（精准概括胶囊衣柜的核心功能） 1. Timeless classics：永恒经典款（保留原文关键描述，体现衣柜特点） 1. Fast fashion：快时尚（行业术语，简洁传递环保相关核心概念） 4. 高分句式 1. 介词短语作定语：with interchangeable basic and timeless clothes in neutral colors（用一个短语整合多个特征，结构紧凑，信息密度高） 1. 让步状语从句：though building it takes time and may cost more initially（简洁补充转折信息，逻辑清晰不拖沓） （五） （2026年嘉定区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. The Drawbacks—and Benefits—of Isolation Loneliness is increasingly seen as a serious problem in modern society, affecting both the elderly and many young people. Smartphones, social media, and remote work are often blamed for making individuals feel isolated. Three recent books explore the complex nature of being alone. “All the Lonely People” shares personal stories from individuals experiencing deep isolation. The author, Sam Carr, a psychologist, sensitively shows the emotional pain caused by loss of family members, disease, or difficult childhood experiences. After reading this book, one may wonder whether loneliness is just an unavoidable human experience. Actually, Carr suggests loneliness isn’t one simple feeling, but a mix of different unhappy emotions and unsatisfied needs. Another book, “Solitude”, written by two psychologists, shows a completely different story, exploring the rewards of time spent alone. It is common to treat loneliness and being alone as similar concepts, but they are not. Based on laboratory work, interviews and surveys, the authors argue that isolation offers valuable benefits, which allows people space to rest, think, and escape constant noise and distractions. However, the experience depends entirely on whether being alone is voluntary. Being forced to stay isolated, like prisoners, is usually miserable. “The Success of the Slippers” presents a more critical view of modern isolation. Mr Bruckner, a philosopher, calls the present period “a Great Withdrawal.” The book describes a society where most tasks can be completed without leaving house. The author’s comment? “While it’s nice to be comfortable, you can’t build a civilization on softness.” Mr Bruckner’s main theme is the need for people to relearn the art of affection. The author believes “interactive isolation” enabled by technology cannot replace “the great theatre of the world.” Mr Bruckner supplies a checklist for getting rid of enduring, painful feelings of loneliness: “Have we loved others enough, given others enough, held others enough?” In a world where people are increasingly isolated, maybe it is time to try to answer these questions. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 Three recent books explore modern isolation from different angles: one shows its emotional pain from loss or hardship, another emphasizes voluntary solitude’s benefits like rest, and the third criticizes it, calling for relearning affection. 导语 本文是一篇议论文，围绕现代社会的孤独与独处现象，介绍了三本近期书籍的不同观点：一本聚焦孤独的痛苦与复杂性，一本强调自愿独处的益处，另一本批判现代孤立状态并呼吁人们重拾情感联结。 详细解析 1. 要点摘录 · Loneliness is a serious modern problem; three books explore the nature of being alone. · "All the Lonely People": Shows isolation’s emotional pain, argues loneliness is a mix of negative emotions/unsatisfied needs. · "Solitude": Distinguishes loneliness from being alone, highlights benefits of voluntary solitude (rest, thinking, escaping distractions). · "The Success of the Slippers": Criticizes modern "Great Withdrawal", urges relearning affection. 2. 写作思路 1. 先总起：三本新书从不同角度探讨现代孤立现象。 1. 再分述每本书的核心观点：分别对应 “痛苦与复杂”“自愿独处的益处”“批判与呼吁”。 1. 避免冗余细节，聚焦每本书的核心立场。 3. 亮点词汇 1. Isolation：孤立（核心概念，统摄全文主题） 1. Emotional pain：情感痛苦（精准概括第一本书的核心内容） 1. Voluntary solitude：自愿独处（准确区分关键概念，体现原文逻辑） 1. Relearn affection：重拾情感联结（提炼最后一本书的核心呼吁，简洁有力） 4. 高分句式 1. 冒号引导并列结构：one shows..., another highlights..., and the third criticizes...（清晰呈现三本书的观点对比，结构对称，逻辑连贯） 1. 现在分词作伴随状语：urging people to relearn affection（简洁补充书籍的核心呼吁，避免句子冗长） （六） （2026年徐汇区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What’s the best way to fell a tree? Felling a tree is naturally dangerous and without proper chainsaw training, hiring a professional tree surgeon is essential. While the underlying principles are straightforward, the risks are high. The optimal time for felling is winter, when trees are inactive. For deciduous (落叶的) trees, the absence of leaves is critical, as dense leaves can act like a sail in the wind, making the tree’s fall direction unpredictable. Always call a professional if power lines, buildings, or unusual trunk shapes are involved. Preparation is vital. Ensure your chainsaw is sharp, fueled, and oiled. Select a clear, open direction for the tree to fall, ensuring people and pets are a safe distance away. Remember that trees are often much larger than they appear, so accurately judge their height and width. Crucially, plan and clear a swift escape route away from the intended fall path. The cutting process involves two main stages. First, create a directional notch (切口) on the side facing the fall direction. About 60cm from the ground, make a 70-degree downward cut into one-third of the trunk’s diameter. Then, make a horizontal cut to meet the first, removing the wedge of wood. Next, move to the opposite side to make the felling cut. Saw horizontally, just above the notch’s base. Once a third of the way through, pause to drive in felling wedges (楔子). These prevent the saw from binding and guide the tree to fall correctly. Continue cutting until only a tenth of the trunk remains, forming a “hinge.” Remove the saw. If a loud crack signals the tree is falling, walk calmly along your escape route—never run with a chainsaw. If it remains standing, carefully tap the wedges further. Should any complications arise, retreat to a safe distance and immediately call for professional assistance. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Tree felling is dangerous, so those without professional chainsaw training must hire a tree surgeon. Winter is optimal for felling leafless trees. Prepare the chainsaw, a safe fall direction and an escape route first, then make a directional notch and a felling cut with wedges, leaving a hinge. Retreat calmly when the tree falls and call professionals if in trouble. 【解析】 【导语】​本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了砍伐树木的相关注意事项，指出伐树存在危险性，无专业链锯操作培训需聘请专业人员，还说明了适宜的砍伐时间、前期准备工作、具体砍伐步骤以及突发状况的应对方法。​ 【详解】1.​要点摘录​ ① Tree felling is dangerous, and people without proper chainsaw training must hire a professional tree surgeon.​ ② The best time to fell trees is winter when trees are inactive and deciduous trees have no leaves.​ ③ Preparation for tree felling is vital, including checking the chainsaw, choosing a safe fall direction and planning an escape route.​ ④ The cutting process has two stages: making a directional notch on the fall side first, then a felling cut on the opposite side with felling wedges, leaving a tenth of the trunk as a “hinge”.​ ⑤ When the tree is falling, people should retreat calmly along the escape route; if there are complications, call professionals immediately.​ 2.缜密构思​ 将要点①整合为伐树的安全前提，要点②归纳为适宜的砍伐时间，要点③合并为前期准备的核心内容，要点④梳理成具体的砍伐操作流程，要点⑤整合为突发状况的应对措施​ 3.遣词造句​ Tree felling is a risky task, so those lacking professional chainsaw training should turn to professional tree surgeons.​ Winter is the optimal season for felling trees, especially when deciduous trees lose their leaves to avoid unpredictable falling directions.​ Before felling, you need to get the chainsaw ready, select a safe falling area and plan an escape route in advance.​ The cutting work includes making a directional notch on the target fall side and then a felling cut on the opposite side with wedges to guide the tree, while keeping a small part of the trunk as a hinge.​ When the tree starts to fall, you should leave along the escape route calmly, and call for professional help once any problems occur.​ 【点睛】​[高分句型 1] Tree felling is dangerous, so those without professional chainsaw training must hire a tree surgeon.​(该句运用了so引导的并列句)​ [高分句型 2]Prepare the chainsaw, a safe fall direction and an escape route first, then make a directional notch and a felling cut with wedges, leaving a hinge.​ （该句使用了现在分词短语leaving a hinge作伴随状语）​ （七） （2026年宝山区一模） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. FIGHT FAKE INFORMATION In this day and age, you probably get your information from various websites and social media. Because fake news is spreading and becoming influential in this digital age, it’s important that you don’t take everything you read at face value. The volume of information encountered daily makes it necessary to take an analytical approach to what you read to make sure it is reliable. Several skills, including critical thinking, which means looking for evidence, logic and context, are important. This skill helps you identify gaps in information and potential mistakes or contradictions. Using search engines, databases and other tools to locate trustworthy sources so you can crosscheck what you are reading is also helpful. They allow you to find, access and use true information. Make the most of your digital knowledge by using different formats, platforms and media to get and use information. Identifying fake news, propaganda and clickbait falls under this skill. You also need a strategy to determine whether online content can be trusted. Mike Caulfield, a research scientist at the University of Washington’s Center for an Informed Public, created the SIFT method to do that. This approach helps you analyze and decide if online information is reliable. Use the SIFT method when you come across something you want to share or use. First, STOP and check your emotional response to the headline or information. Many headlines are designed to get clicks, so they try to stir up a person’s emotions about a topic. Ask yourself what you already know about the topic. Does the source have a good or bad reputation? Next, INVESTIGATE the source by looking up the author and website creators. Are they credible? Is it one-sided information? What is their goal? Don’t use the site’s “About Us” section to find out; read laterally to see what others say. Check what several other sources, all of which need to be respectable, say about that site to see whether or not you can trust the information. Then FIND better coverage to see if other sources back up the information or argue about it. Sites like Snopes.com or FactCheck.org, which try to be unbiased, can help you uncover fake news. The last step is to TRACE claims, quotes and media back to their original text to see if they were represented fairly. Does this information support the original research? Being able to carefully evaluate information will keep everyone better informed. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Generally, critical thinking helps identify incorrect news in the digital era. Besides, SIFT method provided by Mike Caulfield helps judge whether or not online news is worthy of trust. First, stop being fooled by a topic. Then, investigate to make sure the source is dependable. Third, find more evidences. Finally, trace the issue which serves as a crucial step. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在数字时代辨别虚假信息的重要性，并给出了具体方法，包括运用批判性思维核查信息，以及使用迈克・考尔菲尔德提出的SIFT方法来分析网络信息的可信度。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Fake news spreads in the digital age, so it's vital to analyze information for reliability instead of believing it blindly. ②Critical thinking and crosschecking with trustworthy sources help identify unreliable information. ③Mike Caulfield created the SIFT method to judge online content's credibility. ④The SIFT method includes four steps: STOP to check emotional response, INVESTIGATE the source, FIND better coverage, and TRACE claims to original texts. 2.缜密构思 将要点①②整合，说明辨别虚假信息的必要性和基础方法；将要点③④合并，介绍 SIFT 方法的提出者和核心步骤。 3.遣词造句 To avoid fake news in the digital age, we need critical thinking and trustworthy sources for checking. Mike Caulfield’s SIFT method also helps judge online information via four steps: stop, investigate, find better coverage and trace origins. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Besides, SIFT method provided by Mike Caulfield helps judge whether or not online news is worthy of trust.（使用了过去分词短语作定语） 【高分句型2】Finally, trace the issue which serves as a crucial step.（使用了关系代词which引导的定语从句，先行词为the issue） （八） （2026年崇明区一模） The Fear of Taking Risks May Be Holding You Back Your brain will try to convince you to play it safe and tell you that you can’t succeed or that you shouldn’t bother trying something new. But even when these thoughts lack a rational (理性的) basis, we sometimes allow our anxiety to prevail (占上风). The problem is that we often base our decisions on emotion rather than logic. We incorrectly assume that there’s a direct relation between our fear level and the risk level. However, learning to take healthy risks can improve your life. If you find yourself fearing to take healthy,calculated risks, there are two strategies that can help. To begin with, balance your emotions with logic.Too often, we think our fear is related to the level of the risk. The scarier something feels, the riskier it must be. Driving a car probably doesn’t feel risky, but giving a speech might feel like a huge risk. Yet your chances of injury or death are higher when you’re behind the wheel. Spend a few minutes thinking about the actual level of risk. Ask yourself, “What risk do I actually face? How can I handle it if it doesn’t work out?” In addition, increase your chances of success. There are steps you can take to reduce the risk that you face. Spend time practicing a speech before you deliver it, which could increase your chances of success. Rather than spend time trying to decrease your fear, put your energy into increasing your chances of success. Facing your fears is a key component in developing the mental strength you need. It helps you learn to tolerate uncertainty and anxiety. It also provides you with a chance to sharpen your skills and learn from your mistake. With practice, you can get better at calculating risk. And as you improve, your chances of success will skyrocket. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Fear of risks holds people back due to emotional rather than logical decision-making. However, two strategies are helpful. First, balance emotions with logic by assessing actual risk levels. Second, boost success chances by focusing on preparation. Facing fears helps build mental resilience, improve risk calculation, and enhance success likelihood. (49 words) 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了人们因受情绪影响害怕冒险而停滞不前，进而给出平衡情绪与逻辑、提升成功概率两种应对策略，同时说明直面恐惧的积极意义。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Your brain will try to convince you to play it safe and tell you that you can’t succeed or that you shouldn’t bother trying something new. ②We often base our decisions on emotion rather than logic. We incorrectly assume that there’s a direct relation between our fear level and the risk level. ③Balance your emotions with logic. Spend a few minutes thinking about the actual level of risk. ④Increase your chances of success. Put your energy into increasing your chances of success. ⑤Facing your fears is a key component in developing the mental strength you need. It helps you learn to tolerate uncertainty and anxiety. ⑥With practice, you can get better at calculating risk. And as you improve, your chances of success will skyrocket. 2.缜密构思 将第①、②两个要点进行重组，作为开头。将第③、④要点进行整合，作为核心方法。最后将第⑤、⑥要点进行合并，作为总结。 3.遣词造句 Fear of risks holds people back due to emotional rather than logical decision-making. Balance emotions with logic by assessing actual risk levels. Boost success chances by focusing on preparation. Facing fears helps build mental resilience, improve risk calculation, and enhance success likelihood. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Fear of risks holds people back as they make decisions based on emotion rather than logic.(运用了as引导原因状语从句，清晰阐明人们因情绪主导决策而受恐惧束缚的因果关系) 【高分句型2】However, healthy calculated risks benefit life, with two strategies: balancing emotions with logic by assessing actual risks and boosting success chances through preparation.(运用了with复合结构和并列动名词短语，with 引导的短语简洁引出应对策略，并列的动名词短语明确两种策略的具体做法，句式紧凑且信息完整) （九） （2026年杨浦区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Happiness Project What would your answer be if I were to ask you what you wanted from life? Author Gretchen Rubin asked herself that question one day while sitting in traffic on a bus. After giving it some thought, she realized that, overall, she wanted to be happy. If happiness was to be her goal, Rubin realized, “Time is passing, and I’m not focusing enough on the things that really matter.” This conclusion began a 12-month commitment to discover what would add more happiness to her life. The journey resulted in Rubin’s New York Times best-selling book The Happiness Project. In an effort to reach her goal, she tested numerous theories on happiness. Reading through philosophy, science, popular culture and more, the writer chose specific habits to examine and try to integrate into her lifestyle. Rubin’s book is divided into 12 chapters, each highlighting a different month and specific area of focus. In chapters one through 11, each new focus or category includes three or four things to work on. For instance, the first chapter begins with January and the importance of getting more physical and mental energy. The corresponding goals consist of getting better sleep and exercising more. Chapter 12 concentrates on pulling everything together and implementing all the new habits. At the end of her 12-month journey, Rubin concluded that small, daily changes had, in fact, resulted in a deeper sense of happiness. According to some of the reviews, this is more than a typical self-help book. It’s full of humor, insight and actual examples from Rubin’s year-long experiment. In this new year, instead of making new resolutions that you’ll probably abandon by February, why not give Rubin’s Happiness Project a try? It is likely that you will then see an increase in your own happiness and the happiness you bring to others around you. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gretchen Rubin, inspired by a desire for happiness, launched a year-long project to explore ways to enhance her well-being. Having tested various habits and theories and documented them in her book, Rubin concluded that small daily changes contribute to lasting happiness. The book blends humor, insight, and practical advice, encouraging readers to focus on meaningful improvements rather than short-lived resolutions. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Gretchen Rubin的《幸福计划》及其核心内容。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Author Gretchen Rubin asked herself that question one day while sitting in traffic on a bus. After giving it some thought, she realized that, overall, she wanted to be happy. ②This conclusion began a 12-month commitment to discover what would add more happiness to her life. The journey resulted in Rubin’s New York Times best-selling book The Happiness Project. ③In an effort to reach her goal, she tested numerous theories on happiness. Reading through philosophy, science, popular culture and more, the writer chose specific habits to examine and try to integrate into her lifestyle. ④At the end of her 12-month journey, Rubin concluded that small, daily changes had, in fact, resulted in a deeper sense of happiness. ⑤According to some of the reviews, this is more than a typical self-help book. It’s full of humor, insight and actual examples from Rubin’s year-long experiment.  2.缜密构思 将①②两个要点重组为计划的起因与书籍的诞生，③④两个要点整合为计划的过程与核心结论，要点⑤提炼为书籍的特点。 3.遣词造句 Gretchen Rubin, realizing she wanted happiness, started a 12-month project to explore happiness-boosting ways, which became The Happiness Project. She tested theories and habits, and found small daily changes bring lasting happiness. The humorous, insightful book offers practical examples and advises meaningful improvements over fleeting resolutions. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Having tested various habits and theories and documented them in her book, Rubin concluded that small daily changes contribute to lasting happiness. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和现在分词完成式Having tested...and documented...作状语) 【高分句型2】The book blends humor, insight, and practical advice, encouraging readers to focus on meaningful improvements rather than short-lived resolutions. (运用了现在分词短语encouraging readers...作状语) （十） （2026年浦东新区一模） Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Social media posts Like other millennials, Ms. Yu, a graphic designer, went through her bumpy teen years amid the rise of first-wave social media such as Friendster and Myspace. “Social media was very interesting and fresh to me, as it was a convenient way to connect with others,” she recalls. About three years ago, however, she started feeling less rosy about social media. “I was spending so much time taking photos to post online, hoping to get positive comments. I would be embarrassed if I received few ‘likes’ for my posts. I would ask myself, ‘Why did more people like someone else’s posts but not mine? Are my posts not good enough? Am I not good enough?’” Ms. Yu was eventually able to overcome her self-doubt by cutting back on time spent on social media, and using it only in cases where it would potentially boost rather than weaken her confidence. Her experience highlights the double-edged nature of social media. Clinical Psychologist Ms. Michelle Tan notes that it can be a powerful tool for relieving social isolation and loneliness. Online communities provide emotional support, often helping users turn online connections with like-minded people into real-life friendships. They can also serve as a motivational tool for achieving goals like quitting smoking or getting in shape. On the other hand, it could invite negative social comparisons with other online users and lower a person’s self-worth. Excessive virtual engagement may weaken real-life social skills. Also, being anonymous online makes cyberbullying more likely. Still, mental health issues can’t be blamed solely on social media, as multiple factors play a role. The key, therefore, is to develop healthy online habits (or cyber wellness).“To be cyber well on social media is to strike a healthy balance between online and offline activities,” says Mrs Low-Lim, a member of the Media Literacy Council. A person’s daily living and social functioning should not be affected by social media. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As a graphic designer, Ms. Yu went through her bumpy teen years on social media and benefited a lot from it. But later she experienced and overcame the feeling of self-doubt caused by the use of social media. Her experience proves that social media is a double-edged sword, and the key is to use it wisely. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，作为一名平面设计师，余女士在社交媒体上度过了坎坷的青少年时期，并从中受益匪浅。但后来她经历并克服了因使用社交媒体而产生的自我怀疑感。她的经验证明，社交媒体是一把双刃剑，关键是要明智地使用它。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Like other millennials, Ms. Yu, a graphic designer, went through her bumpy teen years amid the rise of first-wave social media such as Friendster and Myspace. ②About three years ago, however, she started feeling less rosy about social media. ③Her experience highlights the double-edged nature of social media.  ④The key, therefore, is to develop healthy online habits (or cyber wellness). 2.缜密构思： 将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 As a graphic designer, Ms. Yu went through her bumpy teen years on social media and benefited a lot from it. But later she experienced and overcame the feeling of self-doubt caused by the use of social media. Her experience proves that social media is a double-edged sword, and the key is to use it wisely. 【点睛】[高分句型1] But later she experienced and overcame the feeling of self-doubt caused by the use of social media.（运用了过去分词caused作后置定语） [高分句型2] Her experience proves that social media is a double-edged sword, and the key is to use it wisely.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） （十一） （2026年金山区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The role of music in advertising Music is all around us. It’s an accessible and popular art form which accompanies our daily lives, so advertisers spend much time and money securing the right music for an advertisement in order to boost sales. Research suggests that the specific qualities of music as an art form enhance the science of selling. As one researcher puts it, “Music is the catalyst (催化剂) of advertising. It expands pictures and colors words, and often adds a form of energy available through no other source.” Take the visually simple but interesting advertisement for an airline in France, with the soundtrack of Mozart’s Piano Concerto No. 23, for example. It projects greatness and elegance in the hope that viewers will associate those qualities with the airline. My research, which looked at hundreds of viewer comments about the music used in advertising, suggested it was successful. Music is also effective at arousing feelings of nostalgia (怀旧之情). The extent to which music arouses emotional memories in advertisements creates associations with consumers’ past experiences. A good choice of music allows businesses to tap into this nostalgia for commercial benefit. However, the use of popular music in advertising can also develop arguments around the tension between artistic effort and commercialism. Some people believe a work of art shouldn’t be used for the pursuit of profit. The findings of my study showed that consumers sometimes passionately oppose the use of music produced by respected musicians in advertisements, as they believe that doing this destroys its pure artistic value. For example, the use of the Beatles’ song Revolution by one shoe brand was seen by some as using John Lennon’s song word to sell shoes. It made some of its wearers so angry that they refused to buy the products. So advertisers need to be careful. While the right choice of music can attract customers, the wrong choice can create opposition. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Advertisers use music in advertisements to boost sales. For one thing, music can create brand associations, projecting the quality of the product. For another, music taps into nostalgia, boosting commercial appeal. However, using cherished songs can cause opposition, as some perceive it as commercial exploitation, harming artistic integrity. Therefore, advertisers must carefully select music to attract customers. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了广告商利用音乐增强品牌形象并唤起消费者怀旧情感，但过度商业化可能引发艺术价值受损的争议，因此需权衡音乐选择以吸引顾客。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①It’s an accessible and popular art form which accompanies our daily lives, so advertisers spend much time and money securing the right music for an advertisement in order to boost sales. ②It projects greatness and elegance in the hope that viewers will associate those qualities with the airline. ③Music is also effective at arousing feelings of nostalgia (怀旧之情). ④A good choice of music allows businesses to tap into this nostalgia for commercial benefit. ⑤However, the use of popular music in advertising can also develop arguments around the tension between artistic effort and commercialism. ⑥The findings of my study showed that consumers sometimes passionately oppose the use of music produced by respected musicians in advertisements, as they believe that doing this destroys its pure artistic value. ⑦So advertisers need to be careful. ⑧While the right choice of music can attract customers, the wrong choice can create opposition. 2. 缜密构思 将第1个要点进行缩略，点明音乐在广告中的作用；将第2个要点进行提炼，说明音乐创造品牌联想；将第3、4两个要点进行整合，说明音乐唤起怀旧情感；将第5、6两个要点进行整合，补充商用音乐的风险及其原因；将第5、6两个要点进行重组，给出谨慎选择音乐的结论。 3. 遣词造句 Advertisers use music to enhance brand image and evoke nostalgia, boosting appeal. However, commercializing revered songs may trigger backlash for exploiting art. Thus, balancing commercial goals with artistic integrity is crucial to avoid alienating consumers. 【点睛】[高分句型1] For another, music taps into nostalgia, boosting commercial appeal. (运用了现在分词boosting…作状语) [高分句型2] However, using cherished songs can cause opposition, as some perceive it as commercial exploitation, harming artistic integrity. (运用了动名词using…作主语、as引导原因状语从句、现在分词harming…作状语) （十二） （2026年奉贤区一模） What is AI’s Role in Art Creation? As artificial intelligence advances across creative fields, a question emerges: Do people want AI to become an artist or simply a tool for artistic creation? Evidence suggests that while the public is increasingly familiar with AI systems, they would prefer to see AI supporting human creativity rather than replacing it. A key reason lies in the human dimension of art. When people picture their favorite works, say, Van Gogh’s The Starry Night, what they value is not merely technical delivery but the emotional depth tied to human experience. In a recent survey, over 60 percent said they would value their favorite artwork less if told it was AI-produced. Their responses highlight a shared belief: People seek the imaginative struggles and personal histories behind creative works, a quality machines cannot genuinely copy. Concerns about originality and copyright strengthen this resistance. Respondents criticized AI outputs as unoriginal, seeing them as mere reflections of models trained on vast quantities of human-created materials. The possibility of unauthorized data use and unclear artistic ownership fuels distrust. These worries reveal why people hesitate to view AI-generated materials-especially films-as real art: It lacks clear authorship and true creative intention. Yet attitudes shift when AI assists rather than replaces human artists. Forty-two percent of participants regarded users of AI as artists who provided clear creative direction — a sign of openness to human-AI collaboration. This perspective points to a real obstacle in today’s creative world: Many individuals with ideas lack the resources or skills to realize them. In such cases, AI can serve as an enabling tool, lowering costs and expanding access to creative expression. Ultimately, people value art as a human-centered means of connection. While AI can broaden artistic possibilities, it’s best used as a tool that supports and enriches human vision. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Most people prefer AI as a tool for art rather than an independent artist because they value the human emotion and personal history behind artworks. Concerns about originality and copyright also lead to resistance toward AI-generated art. However, if AI assists human artists by lowering creative barriers, it is more widely accepted. Ultimately, art is seen as a human-centered form of connection. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了人工智能在艺术创作中的角色，指出大众更倾向于AI作为创作工具而非独立艺术家，原因是人们看重艺术背后的人类情感与个人经历，且担忧AI作品的原创性和版权问题；AI辅助人类创作、降低创作门槛时易被接受，艺术终究是以人类为核心的情感联结方式。 【详解】1. 要点摘录（列出至少5个要点，均为原文原句） ①Evidence suggests that while the public is increasingly familiar with AI systems, they would prefer to see AI supporting human creativity rather than replacing it. ②When people picture their favorite works, say, Van Gogh’s The Starry Night, what they value is not merely technical delivery but the emotional depth tied to human experience. ③In a recent survey, over 60 percent said they would value their favorite artwork less if told it was Al-produced. ④Concerns about originality and copyright strengthen this resistance. ⑤Forty-two percent of participants regarded users of AI as artists who provided clear creative direction — a sign of openness to human-AI collaboration. ⑥In such cases, AI can serve as an enabling tool, lowering costs and expanding access to creative expression. ⑦Ultimately, people value art as a human-centered means of connection. 2. 缜密构思 以第①点总起，点明大众对AI的核心定位；整合②③点，说明人们重视艺术的人文属性是排斥AI替代创作的关键；以第④点作为原创性与版权层面的抗拒原因；整合⑤⑥点，体现大众对AI辅助创作的接受度及AI的作用；以第⑦点总结艺术的核心属性，最终整合所有要点形成与答案一致的表述。 3. 遣词造句 Most people prefer AI as a tool for art rather than an independent artist because they value the human emotion and personal history behind artworks. Concerns about originality and copyright also lead to resistance toward AI-generated art. However, if AI assists human artists by lowering creative barriers, it is more widely accepted. Ultimately, art is seen as a human-centered form of connection. 【点睛】 [高分句型1] Most people prefer AI as a tool for art rather than an independent artist because they value the human emotion and personal history behind artworks.（运用了because引导原因状语从句） [高分句型2] However, if AI assists human artists by lowering creative barriers, it is more widely accepted.（运用了if引导条件状语从句） （十三） （2026年长宁区一模） Is artificial intelligence giving us false memories? You may have seen videos spreading online of some celebrities doing strange things — for example, making funny faces. You may also have seen videos of them joining in lively dances at a celebration. The thing is, one of these things really happened and the other is created by artificial intelligence (AI). You might remember both, but can you remember which is which? In psychology, a ‘source monitoring framework’ describes the processes involved in identifying where our memories came from. The framework records the source of a memory as one piece of information. It gets embedded into the memory alongside other aspects of what we experienced. The ‘label’ that states where the memory came from can easily fade though, even while other aspects of the memory persist. Thus, AI-generated videos risk mixing up with real events in our minds — a problem that could worsen as AI video improves. This separation between a memory’s content and its source happens all the time. How often do you recognise an actor’s face on-screen, but can’t recall what other films or TV shows you’ve seen them in? These same memory failures help explain how easy it is to form ‘false memories’, as shown by the research of Prof Elizabeth Loftus. She observed that when certain ideas are suggested to us, we make them up in our own minds, but later on forget where the ideas initially came from. They can then be easily mistaken for events that actually happened to us. Based on Loftus’s findings, it seems likely that AI will be able to plant many false memories in our minds, especially if we consume the artificial content in a similar setting to where we consume real news. As such, we need to discuss how to label AI-generated content to make it easier to remember it’s not real. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Artificial intelligence is blurring the line between real and fake memories, especially in videos. According to psychology’s “source monitoring framework,” memory sources fade over time, making AI-generated content easily confused with real experiences. Professor Loftus’s research shows that people often forget the origin of ideas, leading to false memories. Therefore, clear labeling of AI content is necessary to help distinguish reality from fabrication. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了人工智能可能使我们产生虚假记忆的问题。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①AI-generated videos may mix with real events in our minds, causing confusion. ②According to the “source monitoring framework” in psychology, memory sources fade over time, making it hard to distinguish AI-generated content from real experiences. ③Professor Loftus’s research shows people often forget idea origins, leading to false memories. ④Clear labeling of AI content is necessary to help distinguish reality from fabrication. 2.缜密构思 将要点①②整合，阐述AI使真假记忆混淆的原理；要点③作为研究支持；要点④提出应对措施。 3.遣词造句 AI blurs real and fake memories, especially in videos, as memory sources fade over time, according to psychology. 【点睛】【高分句型1】According to psychology’s “source monitoring framework,” memory sources fade over time, making AI-generated content easily confused with real experiences.运用了现在分词making作状语，对原文第二段进行了概括。 【高分句型2】Professor Loftus’s research shows that people often forget the origin of ideas, leading to false memories.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第三段进行了概括。其中that引导的宾语从句，和现在分词leading作状语，表达非常高级。 （十四） （2026年普陀区一模） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Catania Turns the Tables on Blue Crabs In a suburb of Catania on Sicily’s east coast, smoke rises from street stalls grilling horse meat, while youngsters gather around counters selling seltz limone e sale — a soda drink with lemon and sea salt. Amid this lively scene, a family of ex-fishers, the Salamones, have opened La Fish, a seafood restaurant that dares to challenge local diet traditions. Alongside Sicily’s classics like swordfish (剑鱼) and tuna, tonight’s tasting menu features a surprising newcomer to the island’s tables — the Atlantic blue crab. These blue-clawed, olive-shelled crabs, originally from the western Atlantic Ocean, have become an ecological threat in the Mediterranean. Without natural enemies, they feed on young clams, destroying shellfish harvests and destroying Italy’s reputation as one of the world’s top clam producers. Their rapid spread has been linked to rising sea temperatures, which have made Sicilian waters increasingly welcoming to non-native species. What began as an environmental concern is gradually turning into a test of human adaptability. People in Sicily are responding in creative ways. One form of response comes from chef Mario Contadino, who celebrates the crab’s sweet and delicate flavor. He serves it on sticky sushi rice with onions, bell peppers, garlic, tomatoes, celery, and edible (可食用的) flowers to appeal to hesitant locals. “Catania people can be closed-minded, “he admits, “but that first bite does not lie. “Another response comes from scientists. Marine biologist Francesco Tiralongo of the University of Catania argues that embracing such non-native species in local diets is”a necessary response to climate change and ecological challenges. “ Social acceptance is following slowly but steadily. In the fish market behind Piazza del Duomo, shopkeeper Rosario now sells 20 kilograms of blue crab a day, saying customers love its taste. Meanwhile, the Salamone family turns the outsider into opportunity: by presenting blue crab as a fancy food, they show that”anything can be edible. “ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 In Sicily, the invasive Atlantic blue crab threatens local shellfish but has inspired creative responses. Chefs like Mario Contadino promote its culinary value, while scientists advocate its consumption as an adaptation to climate change. Gradually, locals are accepting it as a food source, transforming an ecological threat into a culinary opportunity. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍西西里卡塔尼亚人如何把入侵物种大西洋蓝蟹“化害为宝”——从生态威胁变为餐桌新宠，体现了人类对气候变化与物种入侵的灵活应对。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Invasive Atlantic blue crab, linked to rising sea temperatures, devours young clams and damages Italy’s shellfish reputation. ②Chef Mario Contadino promotes its sweet meat with creative dishes; biologist Francesco Tiralongo argues eating it is a necessary climate-adaptation strategy. ③Fish vendor Rosario now sells 20 kg daily; the Salamone family present it as fancy food, winning slow but steady social acceptance. 2. 缜密构思 将①压缩为“入侵原因+危害”；将②整合为“厨师+科学家”双轨对策；将③概括为“市场接受+身份转变”，形成“问题—对策—结果”三段式。 3. 遣词造句 The warming-mediated Atlantic blue crab invades Sicilian waters, wrecking clam beds. Catania counters by culinary rebranding: chefs craft enticing recipes and scientists endorse consumption as climate adaptation. Gradual public acceptance now converts the pest into a profitable delicacy. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Chefs like Mario Contadino promote its culinary value, while scientists advocate its consumption as an adaptation to climate change.（运用了while连接两个句子，强调前后两者的对比） [高分句型2] Gradually, locals are accepting it as a food source, transforming an ecological threat into a culinary opportunity.（运用了现在分词transforming作状语） （十五） （2026年青浦区一模） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Flexible Thinking for Your Career Does work ever leave you feeling stuck with limited opportunities to be creative? To prosper, you might want to increase your brain’s flexibility. But is this even possible, and if so, how? Most jobs require the ability to problem-solve and cope with challenges, at least to a certain extent. Imagine a teacher who has a new and very nervous student in the class. If that teacher is a flexible thinker, he or she will be able to adapt the classroom management, even if he or she hasn’t seen this situation before. According to Leonard Mlodinow, author of Elastic, flexible thinkers rely on idea generation and imagination — they are willing to experiment and take risks. “Elastic thinking, or flexible thinking, is what you need when the circumstances change, and you are dealing with something new. It’s not about following rules.” Therefore, instead of following the typical procedure for welcoming a new student, the teacher might come up with a tailored response, based on prediction and previous experience. So, how can you become a more flexible thinker? According to Dr Lisa Feldman Barrett, it’s all about exercising the brain. One way of doing this, she says, is through exposure to a variety of experiences, which make it easier to adjust to new situations. A lot of companies now consider flexible thinking in the workplace, especially when it comes to design. Workspaces may have couches where workers can lie down and relax, giving them the space to come up with and process new ideas. Mlodinow says it’s very important to take time to daydream, listen to ideas and concepts you disagree with and spend time doing activities outside of your comfort zone. This will help you understand multiple points of view and therefore blossom in many different aspects of your career. So, if you want to make a change, you can become a flexible thinker too, with a little practice. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Flexible thinking is essential for career prosperity, as it helps people adapt to new situations and solve problems with imagination rather than rigid rules. It can be developed by exercising the brain, such as gaining diverse experiences, daydreaming, accepting opposing ideas and stepping out of comfort zones. Some companies also optimize workspaces to foster this ability. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了灵活思维对职业发展至关重要，能助力应对新情况、解决问题，可通过多样体验、放空、接纳异见等大脑锻炼来培养。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①To prosper, you might want to increase your brain’s flexibility. Most jobs require the ability to problem-solve and cope with challenges, at least to a certain extent. ②Elastic thinking, or flexible thinking, is what you need when the circumstances change, and you are dealing with something new. It’s not about following rules. ③According to Dr Lisa Feldman Barrett, it’s all about exercising the brain. One way of doing this, she says, is through exposure to a variety of experiences, which make it easier to adjust to new situations. ④Mlodinow says it’s very important to take time to daydream, listen to ideas and concepts you disagree with and spend time doing activities outside of your comfort zone. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Flexible thinking is crucial to career success because it helps people adapt to new situations and solve problems with imagination rather than rigid rules. It can be developed by exercising the brain, such as having different experiences, daydreaming, accepting opposing viewpoints, and stepping out of your comfort zone. Some companies will also optimize their workspaces to cultivate this ability. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Flexible thinking is essential for career prosperity, as it helps people adapt to new situations and solve problems with imagination rather than rigid rules. （运用了as引导的原因状语从句） [高分句型2] It can be developed by exercising the brain, such as gaining diverse experiences, daydreaming, accepting opposing ideas and stepping out of comfort zones.（运用了并列动名词短语作such as的宾语成分） （十六） （2026年闵行区一模） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Sleep Paralysis Have you ever woken up in the middle of the night, aware of your surroundings, yet completely unable to move or speak for a few seconds or even minutes? This unsettling phenomenon, often accompanied by a sense of fear or pressure on the chest, is known as sleep paralysis. This temporary paralysis is a normal function of your body during a sleep stage called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, your brain actively dreams, and to prevent you from physically acting out those dreams, your body temporarily paralyzes your muscles. Normally, you are unaware of this paralysis because you are asleep. In everyday life, certain conditions can make such episodes more likely to occur. Not getting enough sleep and having an irregular sleep schedule are common risk factors. Additionally, it may be more common in people who have high blood pressure or who suffer from serious headaches. While the exact cause of these episodes is not fully understood, research has confirmed their association with sleep paralysis. In fact, recent findings suggest that sleep paralysis can happen to everyone, with approximately 8% of the general population experiencing it at some point in their lives. Fortunately, for most people, the episodes usually last less than a minute and occur only a few times in their lives. Studies show that the vast majority report little disturbance afterward. Given these findings, most people don’t seek particular treatment. However, for those in need of help, it’s best to follow a regular sleep schedule, create a restful sleep environment, and avoid caffeine or heavy meals late at night. Should the episodes become frequent and severely disruptive, it’s vital to consult a professional healthcare provider — common treatments like targeted medication and structured behavioral therapy often work effectively. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Sleep paralysis, a normal function during REM sleep, refers to a temporary inability to move when waking up. It can be triggered by factors including poor sleep habits and weak physical condition. Although common, it does not typically require treatment. For those needing help, improving sleep practices or seeking medical advice are effective solutions. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。睡眠瘫痪是快速眼动睡眠阶段的一种正常生理现象，具体表现为醒来时出现短暂的身体无法动弹的情况。睡眠不足的作息习惯、身体虚弱等因素均可能诱发该症状。尽管这种现象十分常见，但通常无需进行医学治疗。对于那些需要帮助的人来说，改善睡眠习惯或寻求医疗建议是有效的解决办法。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①This unsettling phenomenon, often accompanied by a sense of fear or pressure on the chest, is known as sleep paralysis. This temporary paralysis is a normal function of your body during a sleep stage called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. ②During REM sleep, your brain actively dreams, and to prevent you from physically acting out those dreams, your body temporarily paralyzes your muscles. ③In everyday life, certain conditions can make such episodes more likely to occur. Not getting enough sleep and having an irregular sleep schedule are common risk factors. Additionally, it may be more common in people who have high blood pressure or who suffer from serious headaches. ④Given these findings, most people don’t seek particular treatment. ⑤However, for those in need of help, it’s best to follow a regular sleep schedule, create a restful sleep environment, and avoid caffeine or heavy meals late at night. Should the episodes become frequent and severely disruptive, it’s vital to consult a professional healthcare provider — common treatments like targeted medication and structured behavioral therapy often work effectively.、. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4、5四个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 Sleep paralysis, a normal function during REM sleep, refers to a temporary inability to move when waking up. It can be triggered by factors including poor sleep habits and weak physical condition. Although common, it does not typically require treatment. For those needing help, improving sleep practices or seeking medical advice are effective solutions. 【点睛】[高分句型1]If exam anxiety is getting to you, take comfort in knowing you're not alone.（运用了if引导条件状语从句对原文第一段进行了概括） [高分句型2] For those needing help, improving sleep practices or seeking medical advice are effective solutions.（运用了现在分词作定语） 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 概要写作 编者按：2026年上海十六区高三一模收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2026年松江区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Mercury (汞)Threat in Ocean A newly-published study,led by researchers from Peking University with experts from the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, has found that ocean, with its continental shelf holding the largest amount of mercury,is now facing a rapidly increasing possibility of mercury release. According to the study,continental shelves are disturbed by human activities.Trawling,during which fishermen pull wide nets behind their ships for fish,is one to blame.When the fishing boats with large nets drag through the seabed,they boost the release rate of mercury buried for decades or centuries.The research also uncovered the similar negative impact of dredging,where people remove mud and unwanted materials from the shelf with special machines to deepen it or look for something. The above activities disturb over 5,000 tons of mercury annually,speeding up its release. Meanwhile, climate change is worsening the situation.The researchers have concluded from their observation that the increasing quantity of mercury release in recent decades from ocean is related to global warming, a tendency with various side effects.They explained that rising temperatures put the decomposition of organic matter in continental shelves on a faster track, promoting the amount of mercury release.Another study on waters,continental shelf being a part, has shown that for every 10℃ increase in temperature,the breakdown rate of sediments(沉积物) almost doubles. Therefore, it is suggested that policies be made on banning or at least reducing inappropriate ocean resource development based on scientific assessment and international cooperation. And a clear goal for a slower global warming pace,supported by reliable scientific research,should be set and then translated into an actionable strategy and achieved worldwide.If these measures are adopted, this last line of mercury defense will probably be safeguarded. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （二） （2026年黄浦区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Fawning Do you ever feel,without any proof,that everyone hates you?If your answer is yes,you are not alone.It can occur after a neighbor doesn't say hello.It's hearing that the boss wants to chat with you and immediately assuming you're going to be fired. The strategy used to keep the painful feeling away is fawning,an extreme form of people pleasing.While fawning can help protect you sometimes,you may get trapped:your urge to scan for threats and read others' feelings goes into overdrive,making you see danger even when you're safe. Then,how to stop the urge to fawn? Firstly,you can challenge your insight that someone is mad at you by asking some questions.For example, when a friend doesn't text you back,you sometimes think,"Oh my gosh,is it something I said?” Then you remind yourself of the many times that you've received a text that later said,"Sorry,I was in a meeting."So, it's helpful to pause and remind yourself that your anxious mind has lied to you in the past. Also, check fawning behavior by starting small.For example,if your friend says,"I’m not mad at you," after you apologize for canceling plans,take her word for it instead of replaying the conversation in your head. Get comfortable with the discomfort of taking what people say at face value without second-guessing what else they could secretly be feeling. Lastly,make honest communication your goal.If you are not interested in a film, be honest instead of making up an excuse so that the person won't be upset with you.This practice might be uncomfortable in the short term but saves you so much energy in the long-term,and it strengthens the relationships you really value. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （三） （2026年虹口区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  The Pressure on Parents to Train Their Babies' Brains Relax, but be on constant alert. Follow your instincts, but do exactly what the scientists say Amid such a flood of "expert" advice, is it any wonder that the experience of modern parenting can often feel exhausting? Thankfully, researchers are questioning this stress-generating situation. It all begins with the idea of “intensive parenting”, coined in the 1990s,describing a parenting standard that parents need to be sharply sensitive to their children's cognitive, psychological and emotional needs to shape their babies' brains. Unfortunately, it turns many of parenting's pleasures-such as smiling along with your baby—into critically important work which, if not performed adequately, puts that child's future health and happiness in danger. However, the evidence used to explain how baby brain develops is often flawed—whether it is a result of small samples that are more likely to turn up weird results or studying children who have experienced extreme neglect and then inferring more general lessons from this. Worse still, such research takes a short path to becoming public policy. Take A vision for the 1,001 critical days, a UK government report published in 2021, which states that the infant brain “becomes hardwired by the baby's earliest experiences”. Similar narratives have been adopted by various organizations that frame parents' interactions with their baby as a crucial window for shaping that child's future. Of course, there is a place for science in understanding child development and parenting. Rather than analyzing the parent-child relationship, think how babies and children really learn. They do so from everyone, not just their parents, and are doing it all the time—through watching, listening and playing. Rather than attempt to shape infants into a particular type of person, parents just need to provide a safe and stable environment in which they can develop. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （四） （2026年静安区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Should you build a capsule wardrobe (胶囊衣柜)? Do you ever struggle with choosing your outfit in the morning? If you have a full wardrobe yet still feel you don't have anything to wear, you might want to build yourself a capsule wardrobe! So, what is this? Put simply, a capsule wardrobe is a small selection of items of clothing that go well with each other, and are therefore interchangeable. Key to the capsule wardrobe is solid basics, like plain tops, and, ideally, neutral colors, because they make combinations easier. Consider the flexibility of a basic pair of jeans. They can be paired with sneakers and a T-shirt for a relaxed style or a jacket paired with high heels, if you want to look more sophisticated. Fashion bloggers also talk about timeless classics-picture a luxury black handbag that will suit any occasion and won't go out of style. But why might it be beneficial to build a capsule wardrobe? Well, by limiting your choices, it can become much easier to choose what to wear, but there is another advantage too-it can reduce the amount of fast fashion. Fast fashion refers to clothes which are trendy for just a short time, so they are quickly replaced by newer trends. This results in cheap and poor-quality clothing which has huge environmental costs as waste goes to landfill, resulting in an increase in pollution. According to UK clothes waste charity TRAID, the average garment is worn just 10 times before long disposed of. So, having a capsule wardrobe with long-lasting and high-quality clothes should help reduce this, even if it means paying more in the first place. Building an excellent capsule wardrobe takes time and patience. But if you want to reduce waste and have some extra time in the morning, it might be time to start building! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （五） （2026年嘉定区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. The Drawbacks—and Benefits—of Isolation Loneliness is increasingly seen as a serious problem in modern society, affecting both the elderly and many young people. Smartphones, social media, and remote work are often blamed for making individuals feel isolated. Three recent books explore the complex nature of being alone. “All the Lonely People” shares personal stories from individuals experiencing deep isolation. The author, Sam Carr, a psychologist, sensitively shows the emotional pain caused by loss of family members, disease, or difficult childhood experiences. After reading this book, one may wonder whether loneliness is just an unavoidable human experience. Actually, Carr suggests loneliness isn’t one simple feeling, but a mix of different unhappy emotions and unsatisfied needs. Another book, “Solitude”, written by two psychologists, shows a completely different story, exploring the rewards of time spent alone. It is common to treat loneliness and being alone as similar concepts, but they are not. Based on laboratory work, interviews and surveys, the authors argue that isolation offers valuable benefits, which allows people space to rest, think, and escape constant noise and distractions. However, the experience depends entirely on whether being alone is voluntary. Being forced to stay isolated, like prisoners, is usually miserable. “The Success of the Slippers” presents a more critical view of modern isolation. Mr Bruckner, a philosopher, calls the present period “a Great Withdrawal.” The book describes a society where most tasks can be completed without leaving house. The author’s comment? “While it’s nice to be comfortable, you can’t build a civilization on softness.” Mr Bruckner’s main theme is the need for people to relearn the art of affection. The author believes “interactive isolation” enabled by technology cannot replace “the great theatre of the world.” Mr Bruckner supplies a checklist for getting rid of enduring, painful feelings of loneliness: “Have we loved others enough, given others enough, held others enough?” In a world where people are increasingly isolated, maybe it is time to try to answer these questions. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （六） （2026年徐汇区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What’s the best way to fell a tree? Felling a tree is naturally dangerous and without proper chainsaw training, hiring a professional tree surgeon is essential. While the underlying principles are straightforward, the risks are high. The optimal time for felling is winter, when trees are inactive. For deciduous (落叶的) trees, the absence of leaves is critical, as dense leaves can act like a sail in the wind, making the tree’s fall direction unpredictable. Always call a professional if power lines, buildings, or unusual trunk shapes are involved. Preparation is vital. Ensure your chainsaw is sharp, fueled, and oiled. Select a clear, open direction for the tree to fall, ensuring people and pets are a safe distance away. Remember that trees are often much larger than they appear, so accurately judge their height and width. Crucially, plan and clear a swift escape route away from the intended fall path. The cutting process involves two main stages. First, create a directional notch (切口) on the side facing the fall direction. About 60cm from the ground, make a 70-degree downward cut into one-third of the trunk’s diameter. Then, make a horizontal cut to meet the first, removing the wedge of wood. Next, move to the opposite side to make the felling cut. Saw horizontally, just above the notch’s base. Once a third of the way through, pause to drive in felling wedges (楔子). These prevent the saw from binding and guide the tree to fall correctly. Continue cutting until only a tenth of the trunk remains, forming a “hinge.” Remove the saw. If a loud crack signals the tree is falling, walk calmly along your escape route—never run with a chainsaw. If it remains standing, carefully tap the wedges further. Should any complications arise, retreat to a safe distance and immediately call for professional assistance. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （七） （2026年宝山区一模） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. FIGHT FAKE INFORMATION In this day and age, you probably get your information from various websites and social media. Because fake news is spreading and becoming influential in this digital age, it’s important that you don’t take everything you read at face value. The volume of information encountered daily makes it necessary to take an analytical approach to what you read to make sure it is reliable. Several skills, including critical thinking, which means looking for evidence, logic and context, are important. This skill helps you identify gaps in information and potential mistakes or contradictions. Using search engines, databases and other tools to locate trustworthy sources so you can crosscheck what you are reading is also helpful. They allow you to find, access and use true information. Make the most of your digital knowledge by using different formats, platforms and media to get and use information. Identifying fake news, propaganda and clickbait falls under this skill. You also need a strategy to determine whether online content can be trusted. Mike Caulfield, a research scientist at the University of Washington’s Center for an Informed Public, created the SIFT method to do that. This approach helps you analyze and decide if online information is reliable. Use the SIFT method when you come across something you want to share or use. First, STOP and check your emotional response to the headline or information. Many headlines are designed to get clicks, so they try to stir up a person’s emotions about a topic. Ask yourself what you already know about the topic. Does the source have a good or bad reputation? Next, INVESTIGATE the source by looking up the author and website creators. Are they credible? Is it one-sided information? What is their goal? Don’t use the site’s “About Us” section to find out; read laterally to see what others say. Check what several other sources, all of which need to be respectable, say about that site to see whether or not you can trust the information. Then FIND better coverage to see if other sources back up the information or argue about it. Sites like Snopes.com or FactCheck.org, which try to be unbiased, can help you uncover fake news. The last step is to TRACE claims, quotes and media back to their original text to see if they were represented fairly. Does this information support the original research? Being able to carefully evaluate information will keep everyone better informed. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （八） （2026年崇明区一模） The Fear of Taking Risks May Be Holding You Back Your brain will try to convince you to play it safe and tell you that you can’t succeed or that you shouldn’t bother trying something new. But even when these thoughts lack a rational (理性的) basis, we sometimes allow our anxiety to prevail (占上风). The problem is that we often base our decisions on emotion rather than logic. We incorrectly assume that there’s a direct relation between our fear level and the risk level. However, learning to take healthy risks can improve your life. If you find yourself fearing to take healthy,calculated risks, there are two strategies that can help. To begin with, balance your emotions with logic.Too often, we think our fear is related to the level of the risk. The scarier something feels, the riskier it must be. Driving a car probably doesn’t feel risky, but giving a speech might feel like a huge risk. Yet your chances of injury or death are higher when you’re behind the wheel. Spend a few minutes thinking about the actual level of risk. Ask yourself, “What risk do I actually face? How can I handle it if it doesn’t work out?” In addition, increase your chances of success. There are steps you can take to reduce the risk that you face. Spend time practicing a speech before you deliver it, which could increase your chances of success. Rather than spend time trying to decrease your fear, put your energy into increasing your chances of success. Facing your fears is a key component in developing the mental strength you need. It helps you learn to tolerate uncertainty and anxiety. It also provides you with a chance to sharpen your skills and learn from your mistake. With practice, you can get better at calculating risk. And as you improve, your chances of success will skyrocket. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （九） （2026年杨浦区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Happiness Project What would your answer be if I were to ask you what you wanted from life? Author Gretchen Rubin asked herself that question one day while sitting in traffic on a bus. After giving it some thought, she realized that, overall, she wanted to be happy. If happiness was to be her goal, Rubin realized, “Time is passing, and I’m not focusing enough on the things that really matter.” This conclusion began a 12-month commitment to discover what would add more happiness to her life. The journey resulted in Rubin’s New York Times best-selling book The Happiness Project. In an effort to reach her goal, she tested numerous theories on happiness. Reading through philosophy, science, popular culture and more, the writer chose specific habits to examine and try to integrate into her lifestyle. Rubin’s book is divided into 12 chapters, each highlighting a different month and specific area of focus. In chapters one through 11, each new focus or category includes three or four things to work on. For instance, the first chapter begins with January and the importance of getting more physical and mental energy. The corresponding goals consist of getting better sleep and exercising more. Chapter 12 concentrates on pulling everything together and implementing all the new habits. At the end of her 12-month journey, Rubin concluded that small, daily changes had, in fact, resulted in a deeper sense of happiness. According to some of the reviews, this is more than a typical self-help book. It’s full of humor, insight and actual examples from Rubin’s year-long experiment. In this new year, instead of making new resolutions that you’ll probably abandon by February, why not give Rubin’s Happiness Project a try? It is likely that you will then see an increase in your own happiness and the happiness you bring to others around you. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （十） （2026年浦东新区一模） Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Social media posts Like other millennials, Ms. Yu, a graphic designer, went through her bumpy teen years amid the rise of first-wave social media such as Friendster and Myspace. “Social media was very interesting and fresh to me, as it was a convenient way to connect with others,” she recalls. About three years ago, however, she started feeling less rosy about social media. “I was spending so much time taking photos to post online, hoping to get positive comments. I would be embarrassed if I received few ‘likes’ for my posts. I would ask myself, ‘Why did more people like someone else’s posts but not mine? Are my posts not good enough? Am I not good enough?’” Ms. Yu was eventually able to overcome her self-doubt by cutting back on time spent on social media, and using it only in cases where it would potentially boost rather than weaken her confidence. Her experience highlights the double-edged nature of social media. Clinical Psychologist Ms. Michelle Tan notes that it can be a powerful tool for relieving social isolation and loneliness. Online communities provide emotional support, often helping users turn online connections with like-minded people into real-life friendships. They can also serve as a motivational tool for achieving goals like quitting smoking or getting in shape. On the other hand, it could invite negative social comparisons with other online users and lower a person’s self-worth. Excessive virtual engagement may weaken real-life social skills. Also, being anonymous online makes cyberbullying more likely. Still, mental health issues can’t be blamed solely on social media, as multiple factors play a role. The key, therefore, is to develop healthy online habits (or cyber wellness).“To be cyber well on social media is to strike a healthy balance between online and offline activities,” says Mrs Low-Lim, a member of the Media Literacy Council. A person’s daily living and social functioning should not be affected by social media. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （十一） （2026年金山区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The role of music in advertising Music is all around us. It’s an accessible and popular art form which accompanies our daily lives, so advertisers spend much time and money securing the right music for an advertisement in order to boost sales. Research suggests that the specific qualities of music as an art form enhance the science of selling. As one researcher puts it, “Music is the catalyst (催化剂) of advertising. It expands pictures and colors words, and often adds a form of energy available through no other source.” Take the visually simple but interesting advertisement for an airline in France, with the soundtrack of Mozart’s Piano Concerto No. 23, for example. It projects greatness and elegance in the hope that viewers will associate those qualities with the airline. My research, which looked at hundreds of viewer comments about the music used in advertising, suggested it was successful. Music is also effective at arousing feelings of nostalgia (怀旧之情). The extent to which music arouses emotional memories in advertisements creates associations with consumers’ past experiences. A good choice of music allows businesses to tap into this nostalgia for commercial benefit. However, the use of popular music in advertising can also develop arguments around the tension between artistic effort and commercialism. Some people believe a work of art shouldn’t be used for the pursuit of profit. The findings of my study showed that consumers sometimes passionately oppose the use of music produced by respected musicians in advertisements, as they believe that doing this destroys its pure artistic value. For example, the use of the Beatles’ song Revolution by one shoe brand was seen by some as using John Lennon’s song word to sell shoes. It made some of its wearers so angry that they refused to buy the products. So advertisers need to be careful. While the right choice of music can attract customers, the wrong choice can create opposition. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （十二） （2026年奉贤区一模） What is AI’s Role in Art Creation? As artificial intelligence advances across creative fields, a question emerges: Do people want AI to become an artist or simply a tool for artistic creation? Evidence suggests that while the public is increasingly familiar with AI systems, they would prefer to see AI supporting human creativity rather than replacing it. A key reason lies in the human dimension of art. When people picture their favorite works, say, Van Gogh’s The Starry Night, what they value is not merely technical delivery but the emotional depth tied to human experience. In a recent survey, over 60 percent said they would value their favorite artwork less if told it was AI-produced. Their responses highlight a shared belief: People seek the imaginative struggles and personal histories behind creative works, a quality machines cannot genuinely copy. Concerns about originality and copyright strengthen this resistance. Respondents criticized AI outputs as unoriginal, seeing them as mere reflections of models trained on vast quantities of human-created materials. The possibility of unauthorized data use and unclear artistic ownership fuels distrust. These worries reveal why people hesitate to view AI-generated materials-especially films-as real art: It lacks clear authorship and true creative intention. Yet attitudes shift when AI assists rather than replaces human artists. Forty-two percent of participants regarded users of AI as artists who provided clear creative direction — a sign of openness to human-AI collaboration. This perspective points to a real obstacle in today’s creative world: Many individuals with ideas lack the resources or skills to realize them. In such cases, AI can serve as an enabling tool, lowering costs and expanding access to creative expression. Ultimately, people value art as a human-centered means of connection. While AI can broaden artistic possibilities, it’s best used as a tool that supports and enriches human vision. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （十三） （2026年长宁区一模） Is artificial intelligence giving us false memories? You may have seen videos spreading online of some celebrities doing strange things — for example, making funny faces. You may also have seen videos of them joining in lively dances at a celebration. The thing is, one of these things really happened and the other is created by artificial intelligence (AI). You might remember both, but can you remember which is which? In psychology, a ‘source monitoring framework’ describes the processes involved in identifying where our memories came from. The framework records the source of a memory as one piece of information. It gets embedded into the memory alongside other aspects of what we experienced. The ‘label’ that states where the memory came from can easily fade though, even while other aspects of the memory persist. Thus, AI-generated videos risk mixing up with real events in our minds — a problem that could worsen as AI video improves. This separation between a memory’s content and its source happens all the time. How often do you recognise an actor’s face on-screen, but can’t recall what other films or TV shows you’ve seen them in? These same memory failures help explain how easy it is to form ‘false memories’, as shown by the research of Prof Elizabeth Loftus. She observed that when certain ideas are suggested to us, we make them up in our own minds, but later on forget where the ideas initially came from. They can then be easily mistaken for events that actually happened to us. Based on Loftus’s findings, it seems likely that AI will be able to plant many false memories in our minds, especially if we consume the artificial content in a similar setting to where we consume real news. As such, we need to discuss how to label AI-generated content to make it easier to remember it’s not real. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （十四） （2026年普陀区一模） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Catania Turns the Tables on Blue Crabs In a suburb of Catania on Sicily’s east coast, smoke rises from street stalls grilling horse meat, while youngsters gather around counters selling seltz limone e sale — a soda drink with lemon and sea salt. Amid this lively scene, a family of ex-fishers, the Salamones, have opened La Fish, a seafood restaurant that dares to challenge local diet traditions. Alongside Sicily’s classics like swordfish (剑鱼) and tuna, tonight’s tasting menu features a surprising newcomer to the island’s tables — the Atlantic blue crab. These blue-clawed, olive-shelled crabs, originally from the western Atlantic Ocean, have become an ecological threat in the Mediterranean. Without natural enemies, they feed on young clams, destroying shellfish harvests and destroying Italy’s reputation as one of the world’s top clam producers. Their rapid spread has been linked to rising sea temperatures, which have made Sicilian waters increasingly welcoming to non-native species. What began as an environmental concern is gradually turning into a test of human adaptability. People in Sicily are responding in creative ways. One form of response comes from chef Mario Contadino, who celebrates the crab’s sweet and delicate flavor. He serves it on sticky sushi rice with onions, bell peppers, garlic, tomatoes, celery, and edible (可食用的) flowers to appeal to hesitant locals. “Catania people can be closed-minded, “he admits, “but that first bite does not lie. “Another response comes from scientists. Marine biologist Francesco Tiralongo of the University of Catania argues that embracing such non-native species in local diets is”a necessary response to climate change and ecological challenges. “ Social acceptance is following slowly but steadily. In the fish market behind Piazza del Duomo, shopkeeper Rosario now sells 20 kilograms of blue crab a day, saying customers love its taste. Meanwhile, the Salamone family turns the outsider into opportunity: by presenting blue crab as a fancy food, they show that”anything can be edible. “ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （十五） （2026年青浦区一模） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Flexible Thinking for Your Career Does work ever leave you feeling stuck with limited opportunities to be creative? To prosper, you might want to increase your brain’s flexibility. But is this even possible, and if so, how? Most jobs require the ability to problem-solve and cope with challenges, at least to a certain extent. Imagine a teacher who has a new and very nervous student in the class. If that teacher is a flexible thinker, he or she will be able to adapt the classroom management, even if he or she hasn’t seen this situation before. According to Leonard Mlodinow, author of Elastic, flexible thinkers rely on idea generation and imagination — they are willing to experiment and take risks. “Elastic thinking, or flexible thinking, is what you need when the circumstances change, and you are dealing with something new. It’s not about following rules.” Therefore, instead of following the typical procedure for welcoming a new student, the teacher might come up with a tailored response, based on prediction and previous experience. So, how can you become a more flexible thinker? According to Dr Lisa Feldman Barrett, it’s all about exercising the brain. One way of doing this, she says, is through exposure to a variety of experiences, which make it easier to adjust to new situations. A lot of companies now consider flexible thinking in the workplace, especially when it comes to design. Workspaces may have couches where workers can lie down and relax, giving them the space to come up with and process new ideas. Mlodinow says it’s very important to take time to daydream, listen to ideas and concepts you disagree with and spend time doing activities outside of your comfort zone. This will help you understand multiple points of view and therefore blossom in many different aspects of your career. So, if you want to make a change, you can become a flexible thinker too, with a little practice. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （十六） （2026年闵行区一模） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Sleep Paralysis Have you ever woken up in the middle of the night, aware of your surroundings, yet completely unable to move or speak for a few seconds or even minutes? This unsettling phenomenon, often accompanied by a sense of fear or pressure on the chest, is known as sleep paralysis. This temporary paralysis is a normal function of your body during a sleep stage called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, your brain actively dreams, and to prevent you from physically acting out those dreams, your body temporarily paralyzes your muscles. Normally, you are unaware of this paralysis because you are asleep. In everyday life, certain conditions can make such episodes more likely to occur. Not getting enough sleep and having an irregular sleep schedule are common risk factors. Additionally, it may be more common in people who have high blood pressure or who suffer from serious headaches. While the exact cause of these episodes is not fully understood, research has confirmed their association with sleep paralysis. In fact, recent findings suggest that sleep paralysis can happen to everyone, with approximately 8% of the general population experiencing it at some point in their lives. Fortunately, for most people, the episodes usually last less than a minute and occur only a few times in their lives. Studies show that the vast majority report little disturbance afterward. Given these findings, most people don’t seek particular treatment. However, for those in need of help, it’s best to follow a regular sleep schedule, create a restful sleep environment, and avoid caffeine or heavy meals late at night. Should the episodes become frequent and severely disruptive, it’s vital to consult a professional healthcare provider — common treatments like targeted medication and structured behavioral therapy often work effectively. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $