Unit 4 Natural Disasters Words and Expressions核心词汇及用法知识清单 -2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语知识点清单聚焦“自然灾害与救援”主题，系统呈现42个核心词汇及用法。课堂导入可联系学生已有自然现象词汇储备，通过释义、搭配及情境化例句搭建从基础理解到拓展运用的学习支架，帮助学生构建主题词汇网络。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过“flood into the park”“survive the earthquake”等情境例句及destroy-destruction等词性转换，引导学生在语境中深化理解。注重学习能力提升，如“make efforts to do”等短语归纳，助力学生掌握词汇学习策略。教师可直接用于词汇教学，学生能高效积累主题词汇，提升语言运用准确性。

Unit 4 Words 1.disaster n. a natural disaster 自然灾害 Because of the weather, the activity was a total/ complete disaster. 彻底搞砸了 2.slide vi.& vt. ①（使）滑行；（使）滑动 a sliding door 滑门；推拉门 ②（使）悄悄移到；（使）悄悄移动(slip) slide into 溜进 slide sth. into a drawer 把某物偷偷塞紧抽屉 let sth. slide 任某事恶化；放任不管某事 n. ①滑（动）；滑道；滑梯；衰落 on the slide每况愈下 ②幻灯片 3.flood n. ①洪水；水灾 The river was in flood.河水泛滥。 ②大批；大量 floods of rain 倾盆大雨 v. ①淹没；泛滥 ②vi. （洪水般地）涌进(pour)；vi.&vt.充满 The tourists from around the world flood into Yellowstone National Park.涌入 When we visited my old family home, memory came flooding back. be flooded with 被...淹没；充斥着...；涌来大量的... flooded adj. 洪水泛滥的 flooding n.洪水泛滥；水灾 4.rescue vt. 营救 He was rescued by the soldiers from the ruins. n. 救援；营救 rescue teams/workers 救援队/人员 come to sb.’s rescue 营救某人 5.damage n. 损害；损坏 do/cause damage to 损坏 6.destroy vt. ①毁坏；摧毁；毁掉 A man can be destroyed but not defeated. destroy one’s confidence/ hope/ faith destruction n.毁坏；毁灭 7.evacuate evacuate from 从...撤离 evacuation n. 8.death be bored/ scared/ frightened to death 无聊得/怕得要死 the death of one’s dream 9.affect vt. ①影响(effect) ②使深有感触；打动 be deeply affected/touched/moved by 被...深深打动 ③使感染（疾病） affection n. 钟爱；喜爱；爱慕 have affection for 10.shelter n. ①遮盖物；避难所 救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者(survivors)盖起了避难所。 ②居所；住处 ③掩蔽；保护；庇护 find/take shelter from the rain 避雨 under the shelter of 在...的庇护下 v. ①vt.掩蔽；保护 shelter sb./sth. from ②vi.躲避；避难 shelter from... sheltered adj. 有遮蔽物的；受庇护的 11.crack v. crack a smile 勉强一笑 12.gas v. gas (sth.) up 给（汽车）加油 13.as if/ though 好像；似乎；仿佛 看样子好像要下雨。 14.ruin vt. 糟蹋；（完全地）破坏；使破产 n.①[U]毁灭；破产 fall into/ go to ruins灭亡；荒废；衰落 financial ruins 破产 ②废墟；遗迹；残余 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 ruined adj.毁坏了的；严重受损的 15.brick v. brick in/ up用砖堵住/封上 16.shock n.①剧烈震动；冲击 the shock wave 冲击波 ②电机；触电 get a shock 触电 ③休克 She was taken to the hospital suffering from shock. ④震惊；打击；令人震惊的事 in shock 震惊；吃惊 culture shock 文化冲击 vt. 使震惊；使气愤 shocked adj.震惊的；愤慨的 shocking adj.令人震惊的 17.electricity cut off electricity 切断电源 18.trap n. fall into/get out of a trap 落入/摆脱圈套 vt. be trapped in 被...困住；陷入困境 19.bury vt. She buried her face in her hands and began to sob.她双手掩面，开始抽泣起来。 bury oneself in 埋头于；专心致志于 20.breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸 Slowly, the city began to breathe again. Hearing this news, he breathed a sign of relief.松了口气。 breathe in 吸气；吸入 breathe out 呼气；呼出 breathe new life into 给...带来起色；注入活力 breathing n.呼吸 21.effort n. ①力气；精力 put one’s effort into把精力投入到... ②努力；尽力 in an effort to do为了做某事 make efforts to do 努力做某事；尽力做某事 make every effort to do 尽一切努力做某事 spare no effort to do 不遗余力做某事 effortless adj.不需费力的 22.wisdom n. words of wisdom 至理名言 23. suffer vi.&vt. suffer from 患有（疾病）；遭受（痛苦、困扰） suffering n. ①（身体或精神上）疼痛；痛苦 mental suffering 精神痛苦 ②苦难；折磨 24.volcano n. volcanic adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的 25.erupt v.（战争、情感等）爆发；突然发生 The crowd erupted into laughter.人群中爆发出一阵笑声。 eruption n.喷发；爆发 26.supply vt. supply sth. to sb./ supply sb. with sth. 供给某人某物 n. ①供应；供给 supply and demand供给与需求 cut off the electricity supply 切断电力供应 Water is in short supply.水资源短缺。 a reliable supply of... 稳定的供给 ②生活必需品；补给品 school/medical/relief/emergency supplies 学校用品/医疗用品/救援物资/应急物资 27.survive ①vt. 比......活得长 She survived her husband by ten years. ②vi.&vt. 存活下来；幸存（于） Her parents died in the accident, but she survived. The baby survived the earthquake. ③vi.& vt. 挺过；熬过 Rowling had spent years surviving on little money, spending all her time writing. ④vi. 保存下来 Some old customers have survived into the present. Several buildings in the town survived from medieval times. survivor n.幸存者 28.power n. ①能力；（生理）机能 I will do everything in my power to help you.我会尽全力帮助你。 After the accident she lost the power of speech.那次事故之后，她丧失了说话能力。 ②力量；威力 ③控制力；影响力 Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stones to success. ④统治；政权 The party came to power at the last election.这个政党是在上次大选中上台执政的。 ⑤权力；职权 ⑥大国；强国 world/ industrial power 世界强国/工业大国 ⑦动力；电力；功率 vt. 驱动；推动 vi.快速前进 29.tap She felt a tap on her shoulder. Someone tapped her on the shoulder. 30.pipe a pipe dream 空想；白日梦 31.emergency an emergency exit/call/kit 紧急出口/紧急呼叫/急救箱 an emergency room 急诊室 32.calm down 平静下来；镇静下来 calmly adv. 平静地；镇静地 33.aid n. ①援助；救援物资；帮助 do/ give/ offer first aid 进行救助 with the aid of 在......帮助下；借助于 ②辅助物；辅助设备 come/go to sb.’s aid 帮助某人 in aid of 帮助 vt.& vi.帮助 34.on hand 在手头；现有（尤指帮助）；在场；到场 35.crash v.①发出巨响；猛撞；猛击 crash into ②（使飞机）坠毁；（使汽车等）碰撞 He cashed his car into a wall. ③vi.（公司等）倒闭；（股票）暴跌；（计算机等）死机；崩溃 n. 暴跌；（计算机等的）崩溃 36.sweep-swept-swept v. ①扫；打扫 ②横扫；掠过；（暴风雨）袭击；席卷 A rare storm swept across the region yesterday. “Red envelop” fever has swept the country. “抢红包”热已席卷全国。 sweep aside 拒不理会；无视 sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 sweep up 打扫；清扫 37.wave v. ①摇摆 The branches were waving in the breeze. ②挥舞；舞动 Crowds lined the route, waving flags and cheering. ③挥手（表示......）；（向......）挥手示意 wave sb. goodbye/ wave goodbye to sb.向某人挥手道别 Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa.妈妈挥手示意玛丽坐在沙发上。 n. ①波（浪）；海浪 She loved to ride waves on her board.她喜欢在冲浪板上乘风破浪。 ②挥手；招手 He gave us a wave as the bus drove off.公共汽车开走时，他朝我们挥了挥手。 ③（活动或感情的）风潮；浪潮 A wave of sadness/ happiness/ relief swept over her as she heard the news. 听到这个消息后，一阵悲伤/喜悦/宽慰涌上她的心头。 ④（声、光、电等的）波 sound waves 声波 make waves （故意）兴风作浪；制造麻烦 ride a/ the wave of 受益于......；乘......之势 38.strike-struck-struck v.①打；撞击 ②（时钟等）敲响；报（时）；擦/划（火柴） He lay awake until he heard the clock striking twelve. strike a match 划火柴 ③（不幸等）突然降临；突然袭击 The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m..七点钟海底发生了地震。 ④（使）突然想到/意识到 The solution struck me immediately. it strikes sb. + that 从句 某人突然想到/意识到 It struck me that we might have made the wrong decision. ⑤给......以某种印象 We were struck by her kindness.我们被她的善良所打动。 What struck me most was the enthusiasm of the local people. strike sb. as (being)... 给某人以...印象 He trikes me as (being) a very serious person. ⑥vi. 罢工 strike a balance 两者兼顾；达到平衡 strike a deal 达成协议 strike fear/terror into sb’s heart 使某人感到害怕/恐惧 strike up 开始（交谈）；建立（关系） n. 击打；袭击；罢工 The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down. three strikes and you are out 三振出局 stricken adj.受灾的；患病的；受苦的 earthquake-stricken areas 地震地区 striker n.罢工者；（足球的）前锋；（棒球的）击球手 39.deliver v. ①递送；传送 deliver a letter/message 送信/带信；传话 ②发表；表达；讲 deliver a speech/lecture 发表演讲/授课 ③接生；使分娩 delivery n.①递送（的物品）；演讲方式 a delivery man 送货员 ②分娩；生产 40.summary adj. 概括的；概要的 a summary account/ explanation 概括性的描述/扼要的解释 n. 总结；概括；概要 in summary 总的来说 summarize/ summarise v. 总结；概括；概述 41.effect n.结果；效应；作用；影响 · greenhouse/ side/ opposite/ psychological effect 温室效应/副作用/反作用/心理作用 · Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world. · bring/ put ... into effect 实施；实行 · in effect ①在实施中；有效 Some laws from the eighteenth century are still in effect. ②实际上；事实上 · take effect 生效（come to effect）；起作用 These measures are just beginning to take effect.这些措施开始见效。 42.length n. ①长；长度 ②（时间的）长度at length ①最后；终于 At length, we began to understand what he wanted. ②长时间地；详尽地 I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length. go to any/ some/ great lengths (to do sth.) 竭尽全力/不遗余力（做某事） lengthen v.延长；变长 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $